Birmingham ( () BUR-ming-əm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. It is the third-largest city, urban area and metropolitan area in England and the United Kingdom, with roughly 1.1 million inhabitants within the city area, 2.9 million inhabitants within the urban area and 4.3 million inhabitants within the metropolitan area. The city proper is the most populated English local government district. Birmingham is commonly referred to as the "third-city of the United Kingdom".

Juno was an English merchantman launched in 1797 at Lancaster. A French frigate captured her in a notable single-ship action in 1804 off the American coast and later burnt her.

The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering is a 2000 book which argues American Jews use the memory of the Nazi Holocaust for political and financial gain, as well as to further the interests of Israel. The book has proven to be controversial, and has attracted both praise and critique. Critics argued that the book promotes a conspiracy theory, or that it either reuses antisemitic tropes, empowers them, or does both. A number of reviewers noted that the book's style is harsh and not respectful enough considering the delicate subject at hand. It is widely considered anti-Semitic and Holocaust Denial.

Birmingham ( () BUR-ming-əm) is a city and metropolitan borough in the West Midlands, England. It is the third-largest city, urban area and metropolitan area in England and the United Kingdom, with roughly 1.1 million inhabitants within the city area, 2.9 million inhabitants within the urban area and 4.3 million inhabitants within the metropolitan area. The city proper is the most populated English local government district. Birmingham is commonly referred to as the "third-city of the United Kingdom". Located in the West Midlands county and region in England, approximately 100 miles (160 km) from Central London, Birmingham, as one of the United Kingdom's major cities, is considered to be the social, cultural, financial, and commercial centre of the Midlands. Distinctively, Birmingham only has small rivers flowing through it, mainly the River Tame and its tributaries River Rea and River Cole – one of the closest main rivers is the Severn, approximately 20 miles (32 km) west of the city centre. A market town of Warwickshire in the medieval period, Birmingham grew in the 18th-century Midlands Enlightenment and subsequent Industrial Revolution, which saw advances in science, technology, and economic development, producing a series of innovations that laid many of the foundations of modern industrial society. By 1791, it was being hailed as "the first manufacturing town in the world". Birmingham's distinctive economic profile, with thousands of small workshops practising a wide variety of specialised and highly skilled trades, encouraged exceptional levels of creativity and innovation and provided an economic base for prosperity that was to last into the final quarter of the 20th century. The Watt steam engine was invented in Birmingham. The resulting high level of social mobility also fostered a culture of political radicalism which, under leaders from Thomas Attwood to Joseph Chamberlain, was to give it a political influence unparalleled in Britain outside London, and a pivotal role in the development of British democracy. From the summer of 1940 to the spring of 1943, Birmingham was bombed heavily by the German Luftwaffe in what is known as the Birmingham Blitz. The damage done to the city's infrastructure, in addition to a deliberate policy of demolition and new building by planners, led to extensive urban regeneration in subsequent decades. Birmingham's economy is now dominated by the service sector. The city is a major international commercial centre and an important transport, retail, events and conference hub. Its metropolitan economy is the second-largest in the United Kingdom with a GDP of $121.1bn (2014), and its five universities make it the largest centre of higher education in the country outside London. Birmingham's major cultural institutions – the City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra, the Birmingham Royal Ballet, the Birmingham Repertory Theatre, the Library of Birmingham and the Barber Institute of Fine Arts – enjoy international reputations, and the city has vibrant and influential grassroots art, music, literary and culinary scenes. The city will host the 2022 Commonwealth Games. Birmingham is the fourth-most visited city in the UK by foreign visitors.

The Holocaust Industry: Reflections on the Exploitation of Jewish Suffering is a 2000 book which argues American Jews use the memory of the Nazi Holocaust for political and financial gain, as well as to further the interests of Israel.

Abd al-Aziz of Mogadishu (Arabic: عبد العزيز‎) was a 14th-century island chief or katheeb of Utheemu island of the Maldives. When Ibn Battuta visited the Maldives islands, the governor of the island of Utheemu at that time was Abd Aziz-al Makdashawi. His name indicates a connection with the somali coast although not necessarily of African ethnic origin,

Juno (1797 ship)
Juno