The Kokiri Tramway was at least from 1895 to the 1902 a forest railway with a gauge of 1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in) near Kokiri on the Arnold River in the west of New Zealand's South Island .

The Nazi gun control argument is a belief that gun regulations in the Third Reich helped to facilitate the rise of the Nazis and the Holocaust. The majority of historians and fact-checkers have described the argument as "dubious," "questionable," "preposterous," "tendentious," or "problematic." This argument is frequently employed by opponents of gun control in debates on U.S. gun politics. Questions about its validity, and about the motives behind its inception, have been raised by scholars. Proponents in the United States have used it as part of a "security against tyranny" argument, while opponents have referred to it as a form of reductio ad Hitlerum.

The 2008 United States elections were held on November 4. Democratic Senator Barack Obama of Illinois won the presidential election, and Democrats bolstered their majority in both Houses of Congress. Obama won his party's presidential nomination after defeating Senator Hillary Clinton in the 2008 Democratic primaries. With Republican President George W. Bush term-limited, Senator John McCain of Arizona won the Republican nomination in the 2008 Republican primaries. Obama won the general election with 52.9 percent of the popular vote and 365 of the 538 electoral votes. Democrats picked up net gains of eight Senate seats and 21 seats in the House of Representatives. They also won a net gain of one gubernatorial seat. The 2006 elections and 2008 elections represented the first time since the 1930s that one party made substantial gains in Congress in two consecutive elections. This would be the last election until 2020 in which the Democrats won the Presidency and unified control of Congress. As of 2020, this is the last presidential election year where the party that won the White House had coattails in the Senate, House of Representatives and Governorships. The major theme during the campaign was the American public's general desire of change and reform from both Washington and the policies of President Bush. The economy and other domestic policies were also dominant issues, especially during the last months of the campaign after the onset of the 2008 economic crisis.