| symptoms =| complications =| onset =| duration =| types =| causes =| risks =| diagnosis =| differential =| prevention =| treatment =| medication =| prognosis =| frequency =| deaths =}} A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.01 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps maintaining a functional vacuum between the parietal and visceral pleurae. Excess fluid within the pleural space can impair inspiration by upsetting the functional vacuum and hydrostatically increasing the resistance against lung expansion, resulti

Émilienne Brunfaut ( 1908 Dottignies – 12 December 1986 Malèves-Sainte-Marie, Perwez) was a Belgian labor, women's rights, and peace activist . Her father, Emile Steux, was a textile worker, socialist activist and founder of the local cooperative. In late 1920s, she was a member of the Belgian Labor Party , the National Committee of Socialist Women. In 1935, she was a women delegate of the Belgian Labor Party, to the Soviet Union .
Émilienne Brunfaut ( 1908 Dottignies – 12 December 1986 Malèves-Sainte-Marie, Perwez) was a Belgian labor, women's rights, and peace activist . Her father, Emile Steux, was a textile worker, socialist activist and founder of the local cooperative. In late 1920s, she was a member of the Belgian Labor Party , the National Committee of Socialist Women. In 1935, she was a women delegate of the Belgian Labor Party, to the Soviet Union . She joined the World Committee of Women Against War and Fascism (CMF) . After the war, she was general secretary to the International Democratic Federation of Women (FDIF). She participated in the preparation, and was a member of the Executive Committee of the World Congress of Peace Supporters . Emilienne Brunfaut attended the first Women's Day organized in Belgium in 1972 and spoke to talk about the condition of working women. In 1975, she chaired, with Lucienne Herman-Michielsen, Belgian activity of the International Year of Women of the United Nations

| symptoms =| complications =| onset =| duration =| types =| causes =| risks =| diagnosis =| differential =| prevention =| treatment =| medication =| prognosis =| frequency =| deaths =}} A pleural effusion is accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space, the potential space that surrounds each lung.Under normal conditions, pleural fluid is secreted by the parietal pleural capillaries at a rate of 0.01 millilitre per kilogram weight per hour, and is cleared by lymphatic absorption leaving behind only 5–15 millilitres of fluid, which helps maintaining a functional vacuum between the parietal and visceral pleurae. Excess fluid within the pleural space can impair inspiration by upsetting the functional vacuum and hydrostatically increasing the resistance against lung expansion, resulting in a fully or partially collapsed lung. Various kinds of fluid can accumulate in the pleural space, such as serous fluid (hydrothorax), blood (hemothorax), pus (pyothorax, more commonly known as pleural empyema), chyle (chylothorax), or very rarely urine (urinothorax). When unspecified, the term "pleural effusion" normally refers to hydrothorax. A pleural effusion can also be compounded by a pneumothorax (accumulation of air in the pleural space), leading to a hydropneumothorax.