Alex Stewart (footballer, born 1868)

U.S. Route 19E (North Carolina–Tennessee)

Guyanese Christians

The Métro léger de Tunis (Tunis light metro, also Tunis Métro, Tunisian Arabic: المترو الخفيف لمدينة تونس‎, el-metrū el-khfīf li-mdīnat tūnis) is an expanding public transportation network for the Tunis area that was started in 1985. It represents not a subterranean transit system but a light rail network. Metro leger's light rail system has its track at surface level generally with its own rail bed, but at key intersections, the system goes underground to avoid congestion or has the right of way. Together with the TGM rail line it is managed by the parastatal transport authority Société des transports de Tunis (Transtu). While once a number of African cities had traditional electric tram systems, all but the Alexandria Tram were discontinued. The Metro leger's modern light rail system was originally unique for Africa, but there are now modern trams in Algeria and Morocco, as well.

Guyanese female bodybuilders

Wadesboro Township, Anson County, North Carolina

Israeli people of Barbadian descent

Wadesboro Township, population 9,118, is one of eight townships in Anson County, North Carolina. Wadesboro Township is 73.15 square miles (189.5 km2) in size and located in central Anson County. Wadesboro Township contains the town of Wadesboro, North Carolina.

Agelenopsis aperta, the desert grass spider, is a species of spider belonging to the family Agelenidae. It is found in dry regions across the Southern United States and into Mexico. This long-legged spider is rather similar to its congeners, but the overall color is grey rather than the more usual brown. The body length (excluding legs) is up to 19 mm (0.75 in), the female averaging slightly larger (otherwise the sexes are similar). The pale grey carapace is marked with two prominent dark stripes. The abdomen is darker grey with two narrow pale stripes. The web is a nonsticky sheet on the ground; any insect landing on this causes A. aperta to rush out from a tubular retreat to try to seize the prey. Eggs are laid in the autumn, after which the females die. Agelenopsis aperta has the ability to survive heavy snowfall and severe winters. The low temperature does not cause any changes in supercooling points, rates of oxygen consumption or freeze tolerance. (== Appearance ==) Desert grass spiders have prominent spinnerets, which are the organs that make silk for spiders’ webs. Their spinnerets are long and extend out of the end of their abdomen. Desert grass spiders have eight eyes, which are in two rows arranged in an arc. (2). (=== Coloring ===) The coloring of desert grass spiders is grey, brown, and black. The cephalothorax (the first and frontmost body part of spiders) is a tan/grey color with two longitudinal brown stripes, and the abdomen (the second and larger body part of spiders) is tan with two black stripes. This appearance of a light body with two stripes is common in funnel weaving spiders. (2) (=== Size ===) Their legs are relatively long, which allows them to run quite quickly in order to catch any prey that has fallen onto their non-sticky web. (2) Desert grass spiders’ cephalothorax and abdomen together are usually 13-18 mm long (13). Females are larger in size than males, as is common in all grass spiders. (2) (== Distribution ==) Agelenopsis aperta are found from southern California to Texas to Mexico (3). The exact distribution of their webs depends on the environment they are found in. In grassland habitats they are found in patches of taller grass. In lava beds, they are typically associated with shrubs, and on the outskirts of these lava beds, they are usually in depressions. (10). These locations make sense because they would be good places for spiders to build a funnel web. (== Habitat ==) As suggested by its name, desert grass spiders are often found in dry and arid climates, such as those in the Southwestern United States. (4) They can be found in a variety of different habitats, from grasslands to lava beds to rangeland. (10) They are also occasionally found in people’s homes or other buildings in these areas of the United States and Mexico. They create their webs in corners of these buildings or other undisturbed locations. (2) (== Low Temperature Tolerance ==) Agelenopsis aperta are able to tolerate very low temperatures. Research has shown that they were not injured when exposed to very low temperatures directly above their body. However, it was also discovered that they do not cold-harden, which is the process of the spider acquiring more traits that will help them survive cold temperatures. It is likely that the spiders moved to more protected areas of their habitat during these extreme temperatures to compensate for the lack of cold-hardening. (3) (== Web ==) Funnel weavers are known for their characteristic funnel-shaped webs. These webs consist of a flat surface that is connected to a deep tube, which is known as the funnel. The spider waits in the tube, and when it senses motion on the flat sheet of its web, it emerges from the tube to catch its prey. In case of any damage to its web, these spiders can also escape out of the bottom of the funnel through an opening in order to get to safety. Due to their unique shape and the speed at which spiders can catch their prey, their webs are made of non-sticky silk. Their webs are often found close to the ground, which allows them to capture more prey that might fall into them. Some common locations for them to build their webs are in crevices where the funnel would fit, such as in-between rocks or on top of a bush. (2) Spiders that find the best sites for their webs grow to be the largest in size and are considered to have the highest relative fitness. (12) (== Territoriality ==) The desert grass spider shows evidence of territoriality. The regular distribution pattern of their webs is characteristic of territoriality, as well as observations of agonistic behavior that have been made. (9) Studies have also shown that territory size was associated with the amount of combative behavior observed. (12) Susan Reichert has conducted a significant amount of research on the territoriality and fighting of Agelenopsis aperta. She found that these spiders often engage in fights over their territory and studied whether these fights were worth the potential risks of injury, predation, or loss of time. In a fight between an intruder and an owner of a particular piece of territory, the costs were found to be higher for the intruders. Overall, she concluded that the energy used in these territory disputes was not significant and was worth the potential gains. (6) (== Prey ==) These spiders prey on insects that come onto their webs. Insects that are typically found in grass are common prey, as well as other spiders. Desert grass spiders are most active at night in their search for food, but may be seen emerging from their funnel during the daytime if prey steps on the flat part of their webs. (2) Agelenopsis aperta can tell the difference between more profitable and less profitable prey, with “profit” meaning how much energy they gain from the prey and how risky it was for them to find it. However, they don’t attack more profitable prey more often than less profitable. In populations where the amount of available prey was limited, spiders tried to catch much more of the prey they encountered than if prey was not scarce. This was especially true if there was a low predation risk as well. (8) (== Predators ==) The major predators of Agelenopsis aperta are birds. There is very little predation on these spiders that live in grassland environments, but there is a significant amount of predation on spiders in woodland habitats. (5) Research has shown that spider’s anti-predatory behavior is associated with foraging, which makes sense because foraging would put them at higher risk and therefore require them to be more vigilant about predators.(7) (== Reproduction and Mating ==) Agelenopsis aperta are mostly monogamous in respect to their mating. Monogamy was more likely in situations where the males have high costs to travel to their mate or if the female was much less responsive after the first mating. There are some cases of polygamy seen as well, in about 10% of spiders. Males are much more likely to mate with multiple females than the other way around. Male size was the determining factor in fights over a female, with the larger male emerging as the winner since their size signifies success in future offspring. (11) The determining factor for female success was their capacity to win fights over food. (9). (=== Courtship Rituals===) The male comes to the female’s web for their mating. He sways his abdomen from side to side and then stops for a certain amount of time, and then continues the ritualistic swaying. This is repeated several times. The male also moves the web with his legs. It seems that the quicker the male sways his abdomen, the more successful he is likely to be. The female enters a cataplectic state, which means they lose control of their bodies and are unconscious. Experiments have shown that the cataplectic state is induced by pheremones from the males that are airborne. It has been determined that 3 cm is the range within which this chemical is effective. The male’s movements during their courtship ritual may also help direct the chemicals towards the female. Some males mate with the females while they are in this unconscious state, but most wait and continue their courtship ritual during this time. The female’s choice of mate is affected by the chemical signals as well as the movements from the male’s performance. (13) (== Bites to Insects ==) Agelenopsis aperta bites to insects results in rapid paralysis. (4) The venom takes less than a second to paralyze the insect. They bite their prey while they are still on the flat part of their web, and then take them down into the funnel portion. (2) (== Bites to Humans ==) Bites from desert grass spiders are typically harmless and therefore not medically significant. However, there have been a few cases of bites from Southern California that resulted in symptoms. It is difficult to say if previous cases of desert spider bites have been confused with other similar looking spiders. Symptoms seen in these cases included headache, weakness, disorientation, pallor, and lethargy. One of these cases was a 9-year-old boy who was bitten on his neck, which may have made the symptoms worse due to his smaller body size and bite location. It is important to note that these symptoms are the same as those seen in Tegenaria agrestis, which is a close relative of the desert grass spider and has recently been blamed for medically-significant spider bites. (14) (== Agatoxin in Venom ==) Venom is stored in glands at the base of the spider’s fangs, and they contract the muscles surrounding these glands to emit the venom. There has been a significant amount of research on Omega Agatoxin IVA and IVB, which are found in the desert grass spider’s venom. This agatoxin selectively blocks calcium channels in humans and results in less calcium being able to flow through them. The reduced calcium leads to a decrease in the amount of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft, meaning they cannot exert their effects as strongly. Agatoxin is named after Agelenopsis aperta, yet is a toxin found in many different types of spider venoms. (1) By Juan Cruzado Cortés - https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/2576372, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=94051793

R. J. Cutler (born 1962) is an American filmmaker, documentarian, television producer and theater director. His work includes the documentary films The War Room, A Perfect Candidate, Thin, The September Issue, The World According to Dick Cheney and Listen to Me Marlon; the non-fiction television series American High, Freshman Diaries and 30 Days; the prime time drama series Nashville; the scripted podcast, The Oval Office Tapes; and the feature film If I Stay. In 2009, the Museum of Television and Radio held a five-day retrospective of his work.

Barrie is a city and manifesting regional centre in Central Ontario, Canada, located on the shores of Kempenfelt Bay, the western arm of Lake Simcoe. The city is located geographically within Simcoe County, however it is a politically independent single-tier municipality. It is within the historically significant Huronia region of Central Ontario, and is part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe, a densely populated and industrialised sub-region of Ontario. As of the 2016 census, the city's population was 141,434 making it the 34th largest in Canada in terms of population proper. The Barrie census metropolitan area (CMA) as of the same census had a population of 197,059 residents, making it the 21st largest CMA in Canada. The city itself has seen significant growth in recent decades due to its emergence as a bedroom community for Toronto. The affordability of housing and robust job market perhaps contribute to a Toronto buyer's appeasement with Barrie. GO Transit offers daily service to and from the Greater Toronto Area from two stations in the city. Barrie is located 85 kilometres (53 mi) north of Toronto, 355 kilometres (221 mi) northeast of Detroit and 335 kilometres (208 mi) west of Ottawa. This represents the city's highly centralised and historically advantageous situation, providing an ease of access to major centres and airports across the region. The Barrie area was first settled during the War of 1812 as a key supply depot for British forces. It would be named 20 years later after Sir Robert Barrie, who frequently commanded forces through the region. The 1980s and 1990s would be a period of immense growth for Barrie, with the population tripling in the span of twenty-five years. In 1981, the city had a population of 38,423; in 2006, Barrie had 128,430 residents living within city limits. Barrie's ongoing success would be punctuated by high-rise condominium development along Kempenfelt Bay, instigating a sort of downtown renaissance. Great investment by the city into their beachfront amenities would culminate in Barrie becoming a prime tourist destination. With several ski resorts in the vicinity and a picturesque waterfront, Barrie is known not just for its tourism, but also as the 'Gateway to Cottage Country'. The city's economy is diverse, with education, healthcare, information technology and manufacturing all prevalent sectors. The Royal Victoria Regional Health Centre is Barrie's largest employer, with nearly 3,000 workers. Retail in the city has flourished too in recent decades, bolstered by the completion of Park Place in 2008. Barrie experiences cold, snowy winters with an average January minimum temperature of −12.4 °C (9.7 °F). Summers are hot and humid, with an average July maximum temperature of 26.3 °C (79.3 °F).

The Métro léger de Tunis (Tunis light metro, also Tunis Métro, Tunisian Arabic: المترو الخفيف لمدينة تونس‎, el-metrū el-khfīf li-mdīnat tūnis) is an expanding public transportation network for the Tunis area that was started in 1985. It represents not a subterranean transit system but a light rail network. While once a number of African cities had traditional electric tram systems, all but the Alexandria Tram were discontinued. The Metro leger's modern light rail system was originally unique for Africa, but there are now modern trams in Algeria and Morocco, as well.

Agelenopsis aperta, the desert grass spider, is a species of spider belonging to the family Agelenidae. It is found in dry regions across the Southern United States and into Mexico. This long-legged spider is rather similar to its congeners, but the overall color is grey rather than the more usual brown. The body length (excluding legs) is up to 19 mm (0.75 in), the female averaging slightly larger (otherwise the sexes are similar). The pale grey carapace is marked with two prominent dark stripes. The abdomen is darker grey with two narrow pale stripes. (== Appearance ==) (=== Coloring ===)

Barrie is a city and manifesting regional centre in Central Ontario, Canada, located on the shores of Kempenfelt Bay, the western arm of Lake Simcoe. The city is located geographically within Simcoe County, however it is a politically independent single-tier municipality. It is within the historically significant Huronia region of Central Ontario, and is part of the Greater Golden Horseshoe, a densely populated and industrialised sub-region of Ontario. As of the 2016 census, the city's population was 141,434 making it the 34th largest in Canada in terms of population proper. The Barrie census metropolitan area (CMA) as of the same census had a population of 197,059 residents, making it the 21st largest CMA in Canada. The city itself has seen significant growth in recent decades due to its

4moms is a business name of Thorley Industries, LLC, a company that makes technology-enabled baby gear. It is headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. It was founded in 2005 by Henry Thorne and Robert Daley. The name of the company - Thorley - is a portmanteau of the founders' last names. 4moms develops robotics technology-based products that satisfy the prenatal to preschool needs of children. In the January 2013 edition of Fortune magazine, journalist Cristina Rouvalis wrote that "4Moms is a pioneer when it comes to robotic baby products".

R. J. Cutler (born 1962) is an American filmmaker, documentarian, television producer and theater director. His work includes the documentary films The War Room, A Perfect Candidate, Thin, The September Issue, The World According to Dick Cheney and Listen to Me Marlon; the non-fiction television series American High, Freshman Diaries and 30 Days; the prime time drama series Nashville; the scripted podcast, The Oval Office Tapes; and the feature film If I Stay. Cutler's first film, The War Room, was nominated for an Academy Award and he is the recipient of numerous awards including an Emmy, two Peabody Awards, a GLAAD Award, two Cinema Eye Awards, and two Television Academy Honor Awards. In 2009, the Museum of Television and Radio held a five-day retrospective of his work.