An individual's diet is the sum of food and drink that she or he habitually consumes. Dieting is the practice of attempting to achieve or maintain a certain weight through diet. People's dietary choices are often affected by a variety of factors, including ethical and religious beliefs, clinical need, or a desire to control weight. Not all diets are considered healthy. Some people follow unhealthy diets through habit, rather than through a conscious choice to eat unhealthily. Terms applied to such eating habits include "junk food diet" and "Western diet". Many diets are considered by clinicians to pose significant health risks and minimal long-term benefit. This is particularly true of "crash" or "fad" diets–short-term, weight-loss plans that involve drastic changes to a person's normal eating habits. Only diets covered on Wikipedia are listed.

Reefton Spicer (17 July 1898 – 22 April 1978) was a former Australian rules footballer who played with Richmond in the Victorian Football League (VFL).

Public Interest Research Groups (PIRGs) are a federation of U.S. and Canadian non-profit organizations that employ grassroots organizing and direct advocacy with the goal of addressing political change. The PIRGs are closely affiliated with the Fund for the Public Interest, which conducts fundraising and canvassing on their behalf.

The efficacy of prayer in impacting the people for whom prayers are offered is a personal belief of some religious believers, What prayer does, if anything, is a question that has been addressed in various religious traditions and more recently in scientific studies. The question is complicated because there are myriad ideas about what prayer is, what functions prayer has, and what are expected outcomes of prayer. Moreover, while some religious groups argue that the "power of prayer" is obvious, others question whether it is possible to measure its effect. Basic philosophical issues inform the question as to whether prayer is efficacious, for example, whether statistical inference and falsifiability inform what it means to "prove" or "disprove" something, and the problem of demarcation, i.e., as to whether this topic is even within the realm of science at all. Carefully devised studies have done little to demonstrate this efficacy. The chief studies, discussed here, deal with intended physical effects on the one praying (first-person), or, alternately, on another for whom one intercedes (third party). According to the Washington Post, "... prayer is the most common complement to mainstream medicine, far outpacing acupuncture, herbs, vitamins and other alternative remedies". Various controlled studies have addressed the topic of the efficacy of prayer at least since Francis Galton in 1872. Compared to evidence-based treatments, what few medical studies that have been done have not shown prayer to have a level of efficacy in recovery from illnesses. The largest study, from the 2006 STEP project, found no significant differences in patients recovering from heart surgery whether the patients were prayed for or not. The patients who knew they were receiving prayers did experience slightly higher recovery complications, possibly due to chance and to the added anxiety or pressure caused by expectations from the prayers. However, one of the authors of the study emphasized that this study did not say anything about the power of prayer itself. Fred Rosner (an authority on Jewish medical ethics) and others have expressed doubt that prayer could ever be subject to empirical analysis. Carefully monitored studies of prayer are relatively scarce with $5 million spent worldwide on such research each year.