# started 2019-10-08T03:55:21Z . . . "History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks): Short Course"@en . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . "In certain computer programming languages, the Elvis operator, often written ?:, or or ||, is a binary operator that returns its first operand if that operand evaluates to a true value, and otherwise evaluates and returns its second operand. The Elvis operator is a variant of the ternary conditional operator, ? : in the sense that the expression with the Elvis operator A ?: B is approximately equivalent to the expression with the ternary operator A ? A : B. Some computer programming languages (e.g. C#) have different semantics for the ?? operator: instead of the first operand having to result in a boolean, it must result in an object reference. If the resulting object reference is not null, it is returned. Otherwise the value of the second operand (which may also be null) is returned. This distinction is necessary because in C#, references are not implicitly convertible to a boolean. The name \"Elvis operator\" refers to the resemblance of one of its notations, ?:, to an emoticon of Elvis Presley (? representing his pompadour haircut)."@en . . . . . . . . "Low-importance Russia articles"@en . . . . . . "Elvis operator"@en . . . . "35897659"^^ . "en" . . "8239018"^^ . . . . . "en" . . . "Stub-Class Russia articles"@en . . . . . . . . . . . "1881"^^ . "1938-10-01"^^ . "893565698"^^ . . "Breakup of Yugoslavia"@en . . . "All articles needing additional references"@en . . . . . . . "History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)"@en . . "7023940"^^ . . "1931"^^ . . . . . "549348101"^^ . . . . . "442354280"^^ . . "en" . . . . . . . . . . "24815718"^^ . "The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s. After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused bitter inter-ethnic Yugoslav wars. The wars primarily affected Bosnia and Herzegovina, neighbouring parts of Croatia and some years later, Kosovo. After the Allied victory in World War II, Yugoslavia was set up as a federation of six republics, with borders drawn along ethnic and historical lines: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. In addition, two autonomous provinces were established within Serbia: Vojvodina and Kosovo. Each of the republics had its own branch of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia party and a ruling elite, and any tensions were solved on the federal level. The Yugoslav model of state organisation, as well as a \"middle way\" between planned and liberal economy, had been a relative success, and the country experienced a period of strong economic growth and relative political stability up to the 1980s, under the rule of president-for-life Josip Broz Tito. After his death in 1980, the weakened system of federal government was left unable to cope with rising economic and political challenges. In the 1980s, Albanians of Kosovo started to demand that their autonomous province be granted the status of a constituent republic, starting with the 1981 protests. Ethnic tensions between Albanians and Kosovo Serbs remained high over the whole decade, which resulted in the growth across Yugoslavia of Serb opposition to the high autonomy of provinces and ineffective system of consensus at the federal level, which were seen as an obstacle for Serb interests. In 1987, Slobodan Milošević came to power in Serbia, and through a series of populist moves acquired de facto control over Kosovo, Vojvodina, and Montenegro, garnering a high level of support among Serbs for his centralist policies. Milošević was met with opposition by party leaders of the western republics of Slovenia and Croatia, who also advocated greater democratisation of the country in line with the Revolutions of 1989 in Eastern Europe. The League of Communists of Yugoslavia dissolved in January 1990 along federal lines. Republican communist organisations became the separate socialist parties. During 1990, the socialists (former communists) lost power to ethnic separatist parties in the first multi-party elections held across the country, except in Serbia and Montenegro, where Milošević and his allies won. Nationalist rhetoric on all sides became increasingly heated. Between June 1991 and April 1992, four republics declared independence (only Serbia and Montenegro remained federated), but the status of ethnic Serbs outside Serbia and Montenegro, and that of ethnic Croats outside Croatia, remained unsolved. After a string of inter-ethnic incidents, the Yugoslav Wars ensued, first in Croatia and then, most severely, in multi-ethnic Bosnia and Herzegovina. The wars left long-term economic and political damage in the region, which are still felt there decades later."@en . "Low-importance Stub-Class Russia articles"@en . . . . "Why Can't This Be Love"@en . "The History of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks): Short Course (Russian: История Всесоюзной Коммунистической Партии (Большевиков): Краткий курс), translated to English under the title History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks): Short Course, is a textbook on the history of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) AUCP (B), first published in 1938. Colloquially known as the Short Course, it was the most widely disseminated book during the time Joseph Stalin was the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the AUCP (B) and one of the most important ones elucidating Marxism–Leninism."@en . . "Zhao Hong Wenguo (Chinese: 趙洪文國; Wade–Giles: Chao Hung Wen-kuo; 1881–1950), known commonly as Double Gun Grandma, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner and the Aisin-Gioro Clan., an active fighter and organizer against the Empire of Japan who helped mobilize her family of 30 people and many other Manchurians to fight against Japan in the Second Sino-Japanese War in Anti-Japanese volunteer armies."@en . . . . . "История Всесоюзной Коммунистической Партии (Большевиков): Краткий курс"@en . . "Why Can't This Be Love"@en . "Articles needing additional references from August 2007"@en . . . . "en" . . . . . . "The breakup of Yugoslavia occurred as a result of a series of political upheavals and conflicts during the early 1990s. After a period of political and economic crisis in the 1980s, constituent republics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia split apart, but the unresolved issues caused bitter inter-ethnic Yugoslav wars. The wars primarily affected Bosnia and Herzegovina, neighbouring parts of Croatia and some years later, Kosovo."@en . . . "WikiProject Russia articles"@en . . "Zhao Hong Wenguo (Chinese: 趙洪文國; Wade–Giles: Chao Hung Wen-kuo; 1881–1950), known commonly as Double Gun Grandma, was a Manchu of the Bordered Yellow Banner and the Aisin-Gioro Clan., an active fighter and organizer against the Empire of Japan who helped mobilize her family of 30 people and many other Manchurians to fight against Japan in the Second Sino-Japanese War in Anti-Japanese volunteer armies."@en . . . . "\"Why Can't This Be Love\" is a song by the American rock band Van Halen for their seventh studio album, 5150 (1986). The song was released as the lead single from 5150 on February 26, 1986 through Warner Bros. Records. It was the group's first single with lead vocalist Sammy Hagar, who replaced founding member David Lee Roth. It was released on both 7\" and 12\" single formats, the 12\" single featuring an extended version of the song. The song is driven by bouncy lead keyboard work from Eddie Van Halen performed on an Oberheim OB-8. It was a hit single for the band, rising to number three on the Billboard Hot 100 in the US and helping 5150 reach the number one slot on the albums chart, a first for the band. It was also a top 10 hit in Germany and a top 20 single in the Netherlands and Sweden."@en . . . . .