The Sydney Tramway Museum (operated by the South Pacific Electric Railway) is Australia's oldest tramway museum and the largest in the southern hemisphere. It is located at Loftus in the southern suburbs of Sydney.

Bill Baird (musician)

Lechriodus

Red Cow (Hebrew: פרה אדומה‎; Pa-ra A-du-ma) is a 2018 Israeli independent drama film, directed and written by Tsivia Barkai Yacov. The film premiered at the 2018 Berlin International Film Festival, and won the Best Israeli Film and Best Debut Film awards at the Jerusalem Film Festival.

M. S. Bhaskar

Independence Day (colloquially the Fourth of July or July 4th) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the Declaration of Independence of the United States, on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the monarch of Britain and were now united, free, and independent states. The Congress had voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2, but it was not declared until July 4.

Feminist views on transgender topics vary widely. Early feminist views on transgender people were often hostile, but more modern feminists view the struggle for trans rights as an important part of feminism. The National Organization for Women (the largest feminist group in the United States) and the Feminist Majority Foundation both support trans rights.

The 2019 China Championship was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 23 to 29 September 2019. The event was held at the Guangzhou Tianhe Sports Centre in Guangzhou, China. Qualifying for the event took place from 15 to 18 August 2019 at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. The tournament was the fourth edition of the China Championship and the third ranking event of the 2019/2020 season.

APOEL FC in European football

The Seven Tapes (Hebrew: ‏7‏ הסלילים של יונה וולך; Sheva Haslilim Shel Yona Walach) is a 2012 Israeli biographical documentary film by Yair Qedar. The film is a portrait of the poet Yona Wallach, based on a series of interviews she made with Hilit Yeshurun. The film premiered at the 2012 Jerusalem Film Festival, where it won the Best Film and Best Sound awards in the documentary film competition. It is the second film in the documentary series "Ha'Ivrim".

Lake Barkley State Resort Park

Fission Uranium Corp.

Treaty of Sèvres

Independence Day (colloquially the Fourth of July or July 4th) is a federal holiday in the United States commemorating the Declaration of Independence of the United States, on July 4, 1776. The Continental Congress declared that the thirteen American colonies were no longer subject (and subordinate) to the monarch of Britain and were now united, free, and independent states. The Congress had voted to declare independence two days earlier, on July 2, but it was not declared until July 4. Independence Day is commonly associated with fireworks, parades, barbecues, carnivals, fairs, picnics, concerts, baseball games, family reunions, political speeches, and ceremonies, in addition to various other public and private events celebrating the history, government, and traditions of the United States. Independence Day is the national day of the United States.

C-Class Spiders articles

Shovel Headed Kill Machine is the seventh studio album by the American thrash metal band Exodus, released on October 4, 2005 through Nuclear Blast. This album comes after a huge change in the band's lineup. Therefore, this is the first album to feature new vocalist Rob Dukes, after the departure of Steve "Zetro" Souza during the band's South American tour in support of the band's previous album Tempo of the Damned. It is also the band's first studio album not to feature Rick Hunolt on guitars, with Lee Altus as his replacement, and the only Exodus album to feature Paul Bostaph on drums after Tom Hunting's second departure as a result of the reoccurrence of the illness that prompted him to depart in 1989. Shovel Headed Kill Machine sold over 3,000 copies in its first week of release in the U.S.

William Earle Gillespie

Ruth Margaret Muskrat

Bill Baird is an American musician and creative technologist. Formerly a member of Sound Team, Baird began performing solo in 2006, first as {{{Sunset}}} and later under his own name. He appeared in the 2010 documentary , a chronicle of the Austin, Texas music scene, where he offered a negative assessment of his time signed to a major record label. He wrote an article along those lines for Impose Magazine, which turned into several more articles about the music industry.

Ruth Muskrat Bronson

Vehicle registration plates of Tennessee

Bilara tehsil

APOEL Football Club is a Greek-Cypriot team based in Nicosia, Cyprus that have competed in European football since the 1960s.

2019 China Championship

Maynard Jackson

You'll Cowards Don't Even Smoke Crack is the fifth studio album by American rapper and producer Viper. It was released on February 19, 2008, through his own homemade record label, Rhyme Time Records, and is the only one of his albums that has been released commercially through an indie record label. It is the most well known of all of his albums, gathering a strong cult following since its release. Viper himself has been quoted as saying it is his favorite album he has made.

Bidar taluka

Fire fighting in Finland is regulated by the Ministry of the Interior. Municipalities of Finland can choose whether the fire and rescue services are provided by a professional fire brigade, a half-ordinary fire brigade or a voluntary fire brigade. Half-ordinary and voluntary fire brigades rely on non-professional voluntary fire fighters who have been trained appropriately. The main responsibilities of fire brigades are (in decreasing order of importance) rescuing people, protecting property and the environment, limiting damage and consequences. There are approximately 85,000 emergency missions a year in Finland, of which fires account for 18%. According to the Ministry of the Interior, Finnish fire brigades extinguish around 12,000 fires every year. Voluntary fire brigades have a remarkable role in the fire rescue service and cover a large part of Finland's area. In large fires (particularly forest fires) the rescue services also use civilians and the Finnish military.

Charles Joseph Whitman (June 24, 1941 – August 1, 1966) was an American mass murderer who became infamous as the "Texas Tower Sniper". On August 1, 1966, he used knives in the slayings of his mother and his wife in their respective homes and then went to the University of Texas in Austin with multiple firearms and began indiscriminately shooting at people. He fatally shot three people inside the university tower. He then went to the tower's 28th-floor observation deck, where he fired at random people for some 96 minutes, killing an additional 11 people (including an unborn child), and wounding 31 others before he was shot dead by Austin police officer Houston McCoy. Whitman killed a total of 17 people; the 17th victim died 35 years later from injuries sustained in the attack.

Curious George

El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado

Bichaghchi

* Fashion designer

株式会社ナムコ

The 1999 NBA season was the 53rd season of the National Basketball Association (NBA). Due to a lockout, the season did not start until February 5, 1999, after a new six-year Collective Bargaining Agreement was reached between the NBA and the National Basketball Players Association. All 29 teams played a shortened 50-game regular season schedule and the 16 teams who qualified for the playoffs played a full post-season schedule. That season's All-Star Game was also canceled. The season ended with the San Antonio Spurs winning the franchise's first NBA championship, beating the New York Knicks 4 games to 1 in the 1999 NBA Finals. This was the 50th season since the BAA and NBL had merged into the NBA.

Bichaghchis or Bichaghchi people, (Persian: مردم بچاقچی‎) are a Turkic sub-ethnic group of Turks in Iran, mainly living in Kerman Province. The Bichaghchis are predominantly Shi'a Muslim and speak Azerbaijani language and Persian language.

Curious George is the protagonist of a series of popular children's books of the same name, written by H. A. Rey and Margret Rey with illustrations by Alan J. Shalleck. George is a chimpanzee who was brought from his home in Africa by “The Man with The Yellow Hat”. They are best friends and they live together in a giant city.

The 2019 China Championship was a professional snooker tournament that took place from 23 to 29 September 2019. The event was held at the Guangzhou Tianhe Sports Centre in Guangzhou, China. Qualifying for the event took place from 15 to 18 August 2019 at the Barnsley Metrodome in Barnsley, England. The tournament was the fourth edition of the China Championship and the third ranking event of the 2019/2020 season. Mark Selby was the defending champion, having defeated John Higgins in the previous year's final 10–9. Selby reached the semi-finals, before losing 6–3 to Shaun Murphy. Murphy reached his third consecutive final, having done so at the two prior events Shanghai Masters and the International Championship. Murphy played Mark Williams in the final, wining his 8th ranking title with a 10–9 in the final. The highest break of the event was a 145 made by Mark Allen in the first round win over Anthony Hamilton.

Forever Pure

Upcoming video games scheduled for 2020

poet, educator, Indian rights activist

Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (March 23, 1938 – June 23, 2003) was an American politician and attorney from Georgia, a member of the Democratic Party, and elected in 1973 at the age of 35 as the first black mayor of Atlanta, Georgia and of any major city in the South. He served three terms (1974–1982, 1990–1994), making him the second longest-serving mayor of Atlanta, after six-term mayor (1937–1941, 1942–1962) William B. Hartsfield.

Bible translations into Konkani

Electronic Express

Logische Untersuchungen

Community Behavioral Health (often initialized as CBH) is a 501(c)(3) non-profit coporation headquartered in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. As a behavioral health Medicaid managed care organization, CBH is contracted by the city of Philadelphia to manage the delivery and payment of mental health and substance use services to Philadelphia's Medicaid recipients. It is a component of and works in tandem with the city's Department of Behavioral Health and Intellectual disAbility Services.

Bill Baird

PewDiePie

Wlastimil Hofman

Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg

Automatically assessed Diptera articles

Articles with short description

BigMarker is browser based online platform for learning and sharing through web conferences and webinars. It is an online meeting, webinar, desktop sharing, video and web conferencing software that allows online presenters to meet with other computer users, customers, clients, educators, organizations and businesses via the Internet. BigMarker allows users to record, store and download webinars and web conferences. It also provides a free public directory listing of webinars and web conferences available to watch or attend. BigMarker’s method of software delivery is commonly referred to as Software as a Service.

Arna's Children

El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado is an American online Spanish language magazine published from Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 2003 as a free alternative webzine published monthly from Harlem, New York. Originally it was an arts and opinion magazine focused exclusively on Venezuelan culture for Venezuelans living in the United States. It also sought to be a window to the US press for Spanish-speaking immigrants by translating English articles from mainstream newspapers. The website slowly embraced a wider audience by covering general interest issues.

Bill Gillespie (born March 10, 1946), is a Canadian journalist and author. He was security correspondent for CBC News and a former bureau chief of CBC Radio's Moscow bureau. As a foreign correspondent, Gillespie reported extensively from Afghanistan, Iraq, Chechnya and the Russian Caucuses, relaying information on the fall of the Taliban, the dismantling of Saddam Hussein's statue in Baghdad's central square, and the deadly siege of Beslan School Number One.

Bingham Pond Bog

The Seven Tapes

On August 20, 2016, five people, including a pregnant woman, were killed inside a house in Citronelle, Alabama. Two other people were abducted during the incident, but both were released. One alerted authorities. Investigators described this mass killing as the worst in Mobile County's history. Derrick Dearman was the estranged boyfriend of the escaped hostage and considered a suspect. He was arrested after he turned himself in at a Mississippi police station. He was charged with six counts of capital murder and two counts of abduction.

Justice Ajai Lamba (born 21 September 1958) is an Indian Judge. Presently, he is Chief Justice of Gauhati High Court. He is former Judge of Allahabad High Court. He is also former Judge of Punjab and Haryana High Court.

Articles needing additional references

All orphaned articles

Community Behavioral Health

Phillip Longman

U.S. Route 95 in California

Fanelli Cafe

U.S. Route 95 (US 95) is a United States Numbered Highway, stretching from the Mexican border in San Luis, Arizona to the Canadian border near Eastport, Idaho. The California portion of US 95 traverses through the far eastern edges of both Riverside and San Bernardino counties. US 95 serves Blythe and Needles and junctions with SR 62 at Vidal Junction. The route overlaps with two Interstate highways, specifically I-10 near Blythe and I-40 near Needles.

Fibenare Guitars (fIbena:re, FIY-BEH-NAH-REH) is a company established in 1998.

Samuel A. Massell Jr. (born August 26, 1927) is a businessman who served from 1970 to 1974 as the 53rd mayor of Atlanta, Georgia. He is the first Jewish mayor in the city's history, to date and the most recent white Mayor of Atlanta.

Bill of material based on characteristics

Pointe-Claire (French pronunciation: ​[pwɛ̃t klɛʁ]) is a suburb of Greater Montreal in Quebec, Canada. Pointe-Claire is largely residential in character, but is also the site of much economic activity, such as retail activity, light manufacturing, various corporate offices, and a hospital. The population is about 31,000 and about 7,000 people are employed there.

Fibenare Guitars Co.

Binghamton City School District is a public school district in New York State that serves approximately 6100 students in the city of Binghamton.

2815 Saint Lo Drive

FlightTime's custom userboxes

The 2019/2020 season sees Olimpia Milano competing in both EuroLeague and Lega Basket Serie A. The first is the highest level of European basketball competitions, for which Milano has a license. While in the Italian Serie A, Milano needs a confirmation after having lost the previous year championship in the semifinal against Dinamo Sassari, despite being the favourite team. For the second year in a row, Olimpia Milano is sponsored by Armani Exchange.

Israeli films

Anonymous;Code is a visual novel video game in development by Mages and Chiyomaru Studio, and is planned to be released by 5pb. for PlayStation 4, PlayStation Vita and Nintendo Switch in Japan. It is part of a media franchise referred to internally as Science Visual Novel, which also includes Occultic;Nine. The developers are aiming to release the game in 2020, before the 2020 Summer Olympics.

Bill Gillespie (journalist)

Stub-Class Diptera articles

Anonymous;Code

The Reach! Partnership School

Bingham Pond Bog is a rare undisturbed cold northern black spruce bog, highly unusual in that it lacks the usual sphagnum moss associated with bogs. It is located near Salisbury, Connecticut, United States. It was designated a National Natural Landmark in May 1973. The Crimson-ringed Whiteface (Leucorrhinia glacialis) dragonflies are known to be present.

This is a list of notable Senior Advocate of Nigeria, SAN, arranged in alphabetical order.(This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.)

Independence Day (United States)

The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that "are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States." The registry was established by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, which created the National Recording Preservation Board, whose members are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. The recordings preserved in the United States National Recording Registry form a registry of recordings selected yearly by the National Recording Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress. The National Recording Preservation Act of 2000 established a national program to guard America's sound recording heritage. The Act created the National Recording Registry, The National Recording Preservation Board and a fund-raising foundation. The purpose of the Registry is to maintain and preserve sound recordings and collections of sound recordings that are culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant. Beginning in 2002, the National Recording Preservation Board has selected recordings nominated each year to be preserved. The first four yearly lists each had 50 selections. Since 2006, 25 recordings have been selected annually. As of 2018, a total of 525 recordings have been preserved in the Registry . Each calendar year, public nominations in 23 categories are accepted for inclusion in that year's list of selections, which are announced the following spring. Categories:
* Blues
* Broadway/Musical Theatre/Soundtrack
* Cajun/Zydeco/"Swamp"
* Children's recordings
* Choral
* Classical
* Comedy/Novelty
* Country/Bluegrass
* Documentary/Broadcast/Spoken Word
* Environmental
* Field
* Folk/Ethnic
* Gospel/Spiritual
* Heavy metal
* Jazz
* Latin
* Pop (pre-1955)
* Pop (post-1955)
* R&B
* Radio
* Rap/Hip-hop
* Rock
* Technology Each yearly list typically includes a few recordings that have also been selected for inclusion in the holdings of the National Archives' audiovisual collection. Recordings on the National Recording Registry that are of a political nature tend to overlap with the audiovisual collection of the National Archives. The list shows overlapping items and whether the National Archives has an original or a copy of the recording.

Czech painters

The composition of a product can be represented using a directed acyclic graph, called real structure, in which every node is an aggregation of its children nodes:
* The end nodes are individual components
* The intermediate nodes are partial assemblies
* The root node is the final product

Afro-Jamaicans or Black-Jamaicans are Jamaicans of partial or predominately Black African descent. They presently represent the largest ethnic group in the country, comprising over 90 percent of the island's population. In addition, there are people of Afro-Jamaican descent living in other parts of the world, such as the United States and United Kingdom. The ethnogenesis of the Afro-Jamaican people stemmed from the Atlantic slave trade of the 16th century, when enslaved Africans were transported as laborers to Jamaica and other parts of the Americas.The first Africans to arrive in Jamaica came in 1513 from the Iberian Peninsula. When the English captured Jamaica in 1655, many of them fought with the Spanish, who gave them their freedom, and then fled to the mountains, resisting the British for many years to maintain their freedom, becoming known as Maroons. The British brought with them mostly Akan slaves, some of which ran away and joined with Maroons and even took over as leaders.

Forever Pure is a 2016 UK-Israel documentary film, by . The film is directed by Maya Zinshtein, and produced by and Maya Zinshtein, co-produced by Torstein Grude and Alan Maher, and Executive produced by John Battsek and Nicole Stott. The film was released on Netflix on 6 July 2017 and went on to win a News & Documentary Emmy Award in 2018. The film was produced by and Maya Films.

The Fourth of July

You'll Cowards Don't Even Smoke Crack

Start-Class Diptera articles

Shovel Headed Kill Machine is the seventh studio album by the American thrash metal band Exodus, released on October 4, 2005 through Nuclear Blast. This album comes after a huge change in the band's lineup. Therefore, this is the first album to feature new vocalist Rob Dukes, after the departure of Steve "Zetro" Souza during the band's South American tour in support of the band's previous album Tempo of the Damned. It is also the band's first studio album not to feature Rick Hunolt on guitars, with Lee Altus as his replacement, and the only Exodus album to feature Paul Bostaph on drums after Tom Hunting's second departure as a result of the reoccurrence of the illness that prompted him to depart in 1989. Shovel Headed Kill Machine sold over 3,000 copies in its first week of release in the

Leeds Museums and Galleries is a museum service run by the Leeds City Council in West Yorkshire. It manages nine sites and is the largest museum service in England and Wales run by a local authority.

Estimates of the casualties from the conflict in Iraq (beginning with the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the ensuing occupation and insurgency) have come in several forms, and those estimates of different types of Iraq War casualties vary greatly.

Ericsson Mobile Communications

* Singer

ELC English Language Center is a privately operated group of boutique language schools that provide English language training in the United States. It operates through various language centers, in Los Angeles, Boston and Santa Barbara. ELC opened its first center in 1978. ELC has been accredited by ACCET (Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training). ELC Los Angeles, ELC Boston, and ELC Santa Barbara are all authorized by the US Department of Homeland Security to Issue SEVIS Form I-20.ELC is often used by international students to improve their English for gap year study, career transitions, or to prepare for study at a . ELC has a proprietary curriculum, which has a structure that accommodates multi-level placement, and 12 levels of instruction. Certain locations also offer

The Fiduciary Institute of Southern Africa (FISA) is a non-profit professional organisation. It represents fiduciary practitioners and sets high minimum standards for the industry .

Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan

All articles needing additional references

Farmer Brothers

Farida Guitars is a Chinese manufacturer of electric and acoustic guitars. Farida, launched in 2004, is part of the Grand Reward Education & Entertainment (GREE) portfolio of brands. GREE was founded in 1995, and is based in Guangdong Province in China. It produces OEM instruments for a selection of other brands in its 120,000 sq. ft. factory. On average, it produces around 13,000 guitars per month. Farida endorses a number of popular contemporary musicians. These include Frank Turner, The Vaccines, Bombay Bicycle Club, and Sandi Thom.

National Highway 27 (India)

פרה אדומה

Paganism

F.C. Tucker Company (or simply F.C. Tucker) is a real estate company based in Indianapolis, Indiana. It is the state's largest independent real estate firm by sales revenue with 45 sales offices in Indiana and Kentucky (as of 2010). The F.C. Tucker Company led numerous developments in downtown Indianapolis in the 1960s and 70's including Market Square Arena, the Hilton Indianapolis, and Merchants Plaza. In 2002, a REAL Trends survey listed F.C. Tucker as the 12th largest regional brand in the United States.

Doha

Farida Guitars is a Chinese manufacturer of electric and acoustic guitars. Farida, launched in 2004, is part of the Grand Reward Education & Entertainment (GREE) portfolio of brands. GREE was founded in 1995, and is based in Guangdong Province in China. It produces OEM instruments for a selection of other brands in its 120,000 sq. ft. factory. On average, it produces around 13,000 guitars per month. Farida endorses a number of popular contemporary musicians. These include Frank Turner, The Vaccines, Bombay Bicycle Club, and Sandi Thom. Farida Guitars are distributed across the world under license. In the USA, distribution is handled by famed vintage stringed instrument retailer Elderly Instruments, Inc. In the UK, distribution is handled by Dawsons Music.

F.C. Tucker Company

William Somerset Maugham, CH ( MAWM; 25 January 1874 – 16 December 1965), better known as W. Somerset Maugham, was an English playwright, novelist, and short story writer. He was among the most popular writers of his era and reputedly the highest-paid author during the 1930s.

Leeds Museums & Galleries

FCR (company)

WikiProject Spiders articles

Gezim Kasapolli

Bill Shepherd (politician)

Roman Catholic Diocese of San Marino-Montefeltro

Paganism (from classical Latin pāgānus "rural, rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism. This was either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population, or because they were not milites Christi (soldiers of Christ). Alternate terms in Christian texts for the same group were hellene, gentile, and heathen. Ritual sacrifice was an integral part of ancient Graeco-Roman religion and was regarded as an indication of whether a person was pagan or Christian. Paganism was originally a pejorative and derogatory term for polytheism, implying its inferiority. Paganism has broadly connoted the "religion of the peasantry". During and after the Middle Ages, the term paganism was applied to any unfamiliar religion, and the term presumed a belief in false god(s). Most modern pagan religions existing today (Modern or Neopaganism) express a world view that is pantheistic, polytheistic or animistic; but some are monotheistic. The origin of the application of the term pagan to polytheism is debated. In the 19th century, paganism was adopted as a self-descriptor by members of various artistic groups inspired by the ancient world. In the 20th century, it came to be applied as a self-descriptor by practitioners of Modern Paganism, Neopagan movements and Polytheistic reconstructionists. Modern pagan traditions often incorporate beliefs or practices, such as nature worship, that are different from those in the largest world religions. Contemporary knowledge of old pagan religions comes from several sources, including anthropological field research records, the evidence of archaeological artifacts, and the historical accounts of ancient writers regarding cultures known to Classical antiquity.

Bienville University was an unaccredited institution that was based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It was run by Thomas J. Kirk. Bienville University was referred to as a diploma mill or degree mill in a 2003 article by KVBC News 3. It was never recognised or approved by any accreditation agency and was not approved by the US Department of Education nor the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and has been closed by the State of Louisiana. It then moved to Woodville, Mississippi. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board has put Bienville University on the list of Institutions Whose Degrees are Illegal to Use in Texas. Without recognized accreditation, Bienville's degrees and credits might not be acceptable to employers or other academic institutions, and use of degree titles may be

Bibra Lake AWAS Camp

Arna's Children is a 2004 Dutch-Israeli documentary film directed by Juliano Mer Khamis and Danniel Danniel. The film's story revolves around a children's theater group in Jenin in the Palestinian territories established by Arna Mer-Khamis, the director's mother, an Israeli Jewish political and human rights activist. The film portrays the lives of Arna Mer-Khamis and the children members of the theater including Ala el-Sabagr, Zakaria Zubeidi, Daud Zubeidi, Majdi Shadi, Haifa Staiti, Nidal Swetti, Yussef Swetti, Mahmoud Kaneri, Khairia Fakhri and Ashraf Abu-Alheji.

The Bibra Lake Australian Women's Army Service (AWAS) camp was a collection of pre-fab army huts built in the vicinity of Bibra Lake in Cockburn. The camp was probably constructed in 1943, and the women posted there were part of the 66 Anti-aircraft (AA) searchlight (SL) battery. The camp was located near Hope Road, which runs between Bibra and North Lakes. Though dismantled immediately after the war, some remains can still be seen in the area.

National Recording Registry

Diocesi di San Marino-Montefeltro

National Highway 27 (NH 27), an East - West National highway in India that starts from Porbandar and terminates in Silchar, the highway passes through the states of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam.NH-27 was laid and is maintained by Ministry of Road Transport and Highways (MoRTH). This is the second longest National Highway in India after National Highway 44 and is a part of NS-EW Corridor of NHAI.

ELC English Language Center

Red Cow

Germany at the 2019 World Athletics Championships

Estimates of the casualties from the conflict in Iraq (beginning with the 2003 invasion of Iraq, and the ensuing occupation and insurgency) have come in several forms, and those estimates of different types of Iraq War casualties vary greatly. Estimating war-related deaths poses many challenges. Experts distinguish between population-based studies, which extrapolate from random samples of the population, and body counts, which tally reported deaths and likely significantly underestimate casualties. Population-based studies produce estimates of the number of Iraq War casualties ranging from 151,000 violent deaths as of June 2006 (per the Iraq Family Health Survey) to over a million (per the 2007 Opinion Research Business (ORB) survey). Other survey-based studies covering different time-spans find 461,000 total deaths (over 60% of them violent) as of June 2011 (per PLOS Medicine 2013), and 655,000 total deaths (over 90% of them violent) as of June 2006 (per the 2006 Lancet study). Body counts counted at least 110,600 violent deaths as of April 2009 (Associated Press). The Iraq Body Count project documents 183,348 - 205,908 violent civilian deaths through April 2019. All estimates of Iraq War casualties are disputed.

Fanelli Cafe is a historic New York City restaurant and bar considered the city's second-oldest food-and-drink establishment in the same locale, having operated under various owners at 94 Prince Street since 1847. It served as a gathering place for artists during the transition of Manhattan's SoHo neighborhood from a manufacturing area to an arts community.

Gwen Renée Stefani (; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. She is a co-founder and the lead vocalist of the band No Doubt, whose singles include "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", and "Don't Speak", from their 1995 breakthrough studio album Tragic Kingdom, as well as "Hey Baby" and "It's My Life" from later albums. During the band's hiatus, Stefani embarked on a solo pop career in 2004 by releasing her debut studio album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. Inspired by pop music from the 1980s, the album was a critical and commercial success. It spawned three singles: "What You Waiting For?", "Rich Girl", and "Hollaback Girl". The last reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100 chart while also becoming the first US download to sell one million copies. In 2006, Stefani released her second studio album The Sweet Escape. The album produced the singles "Wind It Up" and "The Sweet Escape". Her third solo album, This Is What the Truth Feels Like (2016), was her first solo album to reach number one on the Billboard 200 chart. Stefani has won three Grammy Awards. As a solo artist, she has received an American Music Award, Brit Award, World Music Award, and two Billboard Music Awards. In 2003, she debuted her clothing line L.A.M.B. and expanded her collection with the 2005 Harajuku Lovers line, inspired by Japanese culture and fashion. During this time Stefani performed and made public appearances with four back-up dancers known as the Harajuku Girls. She was married to British musician Gavin Rossdale from 2002 to 2016 and they have three sons. Billboard magazine ranked Stefani the 54th most successful artist and 37th most successful Hot 100 artist of the 2000–09-decade. VH1 ranked her 13th on their "100 Greatest Women in Music" list in 2012. Including her work with No Doubt, Stefani has sold more than 30 million albums worldwide.

Maicel Uibo

Germany competed at the 2019 World Athletics Championships in Doha, Qatar, from 27 September – 6 October 2019.

List of Senior Advocates of Nigeria

Bidar taluka is one of the five talukas of Bidar district. Its administrative headquarters is in the town of Bidar, along with the district's headquarters. The major river is the Manjira which forms the northern border of the taluka. As of 2008, 611 square kilometres (150,981 acres) of the land was under cultivation in the taluka, of that 19% or 118 square kilometres (29,158 acres) was irrigated. Irrigation is 52% from dug wells, 44% from bore holes, and the rest from is mostly from tanks (reservoir ponds) and lift irrigation from the Manjira.

Doha (Arabic: الدوحة‎, ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa, pronounced [adˈdawħa]) is the capital and most populous city of the State of Qatar. It has a population of 1,850,000. The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country. It is Qatar's fastest growing city, with over 80% of the nation's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs, and it is also the economic centre of the country. In May 2015, Doha was officially recognized as one of the New7Wonders Cities together with Vigan, La Paz, Durban, Havana, Beirut and Kuala Lumpur.

FanXT

William Somerset Maugham, CH ( MAWM; 25 January 1874 – 16 December 1965), better known as W. Somerset Maugham, was an English playwright, novelist, and short story writer. He was among the most popular writers of his era and reputedly the highest-paid author during the 1930s. Both Maugham's parents died before he was 10, and he was raised by a paternal uncle who was emotionally cold. He did not want to become a lawyer like other men in his family, so he trained and qualified as a physician. The initial run of his first novel Liza of Lambeth (1897) sold out so rapidly that he gave up medicine to write full-time. During the First World War, he served with the Red Cross and in the ambulance corps before being recruited in 1916 into the British Secret Intelligence Service, for which he worked in Switzerland and Russia before the October Revolution of 1917. During and after the war, he travelled in India and Southeast Asia, and those experiences were reflected in later short stories and novels.

Facing the Wall

W. Somerset Maugham

Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr. (March 23, 1938 – June 23, 2003) was an American politician and attorney from Georgia, a member of the Democratic Party, and elected in 1973 at the age of 35 as the first black mayor of Atlanta, Georgia and of any major city in the South. He served three terms (1974–1982, 1990–1994), making him the second longest-serving mayor of Atlanta, after six-term mayor (1937–1941, 1942–1962) William B. Hartsfield. He is notable also for public works projects, primarily the new Maynard H. Jackson International terminal at the Atlanta airport, and for greatly increasing minority business participation in the city. After his death, the William B. Hartsfield Atlanta International Airport was re-named Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport to honor his service to the expansion of the airport, the city and its people.

Electronic Express, a family owned and operated business established in 1983 and headquartered in Nashville, TN, is the largest independent consumer electronics and major appliances retailer in Tennessee. Electronic Express operates 16 stores in Tennessee and Alabama, and in 1999 began online sales.

Relentless: The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East

El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado is an American online Spanish language magazine published from Los Angeles, California. It was founded in 2003 as a free alternative webzine published monthly from Harlem, New York. Originally it was an arts and opinion magazine focused exclusively on Venezuelan culture for Venezuelans living in the United States. It also sought to be a window to the US press for Spanish-speaking immigrants by translating English articles from mainstream newspapers. The website slowly embraced a wider audience by covering general interest issues. The name of the magazine was inspired by El Cojo Ilustrado, an influential Venezuelan magazine published in Caracas between 1892 and 1915. The site went online on April 19, 2003 and a print edition was announced on August 2004. On April 2005 El Nuevo Cojo started publishing a printed monthly tabloid in New York City, focusing on local and international events and highly politicized opinion articles in line with a gradual shift towards a more left-leaning and liberal editorial point of view. However, over time, the satirical articles and sections like fake horoscopes, polls, movie reviews and obituaries have demonstrated to be El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado's real trademark. Until December 2005 the website was updated monthly, but starting in January 2006, El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado moved into a model of constant updating after the discontinuation of the print edition on October 2005. El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado's music section is integrated to a radio streaming service called Lobotoradio. The service transmits a 24-hour stream of Hispanic and English pop/rock in support of music reviews and articles. El Nuevo Cojo was founded by Gordon Milcham, a Venezuelan lawyer and then New York resident, who frequently contributes history and opinion articles. The staff consists of an international group of Hispanic writers and journalists from Europe, Latin America and the United States. Freelance writers are frequent contributors, given El Nuevo Cojo's policy of promoting the art of writing for non-journalists. In its first year, 80% of El Nuevo Cojo's articles were written by freelancers, mostly readers. Today freelancers' contributions make only about 10% of the magazine's output. The change, rather than from diminishing readership, was due to the development of a strong team of columnists and contributors. El Nuevo Cojo first gained notoriety among Venezuelan readers by its strong criticism to the failed coup d'etat that sought the deposing of President Hugo Chávez in Venezuela and later against the 2004 recall referendum, when the wide majority of Venezuelan media outlets opposed the president. Attacks against opposition journalists and politicians were frequent and opened the door to articles about local racism, classism and values in Venezuelan society. This position gained the webzine a "Chavista" reputation that it hasn't been able to clean up. Far from being "Chavista" (El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado has published articles criticizing Chávez' politics on several occasions), its ideological stance about Venezuelan affairs was motivated by its liberal and anti-Bush, anti-War in Iraq point of view. El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado's staff has changed a lot since its launching, but frequent contributors include Spanish writer Xavier B. Fernández (Barcelona), Venezuelan writer Vicente Ulive-Schnell (Paris) and Argentine writer Cruz Joaquin Saubidet (New York). The printed edition of El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado was highlighted by high-concept illustrations by Catalan artist ADOLF.

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Ergis (company)

Fat Brain Toys is a United States manufacturer and retailer of educational toys and games. The company was founded by husband and wife, Mark and Karen Carson, from the basement of their home in 2002. It is headquartered in Elkhorn, Nebraska with a distribution center located in nearby Omaha, Nebraska. The company operates two retail storefronts, one in Omaha, Nebraska and another in Overland Park, Kansas. The company specializes in building toys, brainteasers, and multi-player games.As of 2014, the company had 46 full-time employees. The staff expands to approximately 300 people during the holiday season.

Afro-Jamaican

Upcoming video games

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Unconformity

Namco Ltd. (stylized as NAMCO) is a former Japanese developer and publisher of arcade and home console video games, originally headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo. Several international divisions were established, including Namco America in Santa Clara, California, Shanghai Namco in mainland China, and Namco Enterprises Asia in Hong Kong.

Sam Massell

Big Daddy Graham

Bioenhancers or bioavailability enhancers is a new chapter in medical science first scientifically established in 1979 after the discovery of world's first bioenhancer Piperine. It is a pocket friendly drug technology which reduces the destruction, wastage and elimination of several orally administered drugs inside the body. Increased Bioavailabiity means increased levels of drug in the blood stream available for drug action. Increased Bioefficacy means the increased effectiveness of the drug due to increased bioavailability and also due to other mechanisms. 'BENEFICIAL ROLE OF BIOENHANCERS'

BSC Young Boys are an association football club based in Bern, Switzerland.The first team has won 13 Swiss league championships and six Swiss Cups. In 1957, YB was named the Swiss team of the year. YB is one of the most successful Swiss football clubs internationally, and reached the semi-finals of the European Cup in the 1958–59 season. The club's sports also include field hockey and bowling. The women's hockey team plays in the highest Swiss League.

Bill Gillespie

Pointe-Claire

The 2019 season is Rosenborg's 40th consecutive year in the top flight now known as Eliteserien, their 52st season in the top flight of Norwegian football. They will participate in Eliteserien, the Cup, the 2019 Mesterfinalen and the 2019-20 UEFA Champions League, entering at the First qualifying round stage. This will be Eirik Horneland's first season as Rosenborg manager after being appointed on January 3.

William George Hooper (c. 1900 – 1964) was an association football player who represented New Zealand at international level. Hooper played two official A-international matches for the All Whites in 1927, both against the touring Canadians, the first a 1-0 win on 9 July 1927, the second a 1-4 loss on 23 July, Hooper scoring New Zealand's goal. Hooper was the first player to score in two different Chatham Cup finals, scoring two goals in Seacliff AFC's win in the inaugural 1923 final and also scoring for the same side in their 1925 final loss to .

Gwen Renée Stefani

Biboy Enriquez

Carmen

Fire fighting in Finland is regulated by the Ministry of the Interior. Municipalities of Finland can choose whether the fire and rescue services are provided by a professional fire brigade, a half-ordinary fire brigade or a voluntary fire brigade. Half-ordinary and voluntary fire brigades rely on non-professional voluntary fire fighters who have been trained appropriately. The main responsibilities of fire brigades are (in decreasing order of importance) rescuing people, protecting property and the environment, limiting damage and consequences.

William Somerset Maugham

Muthupettai Somu Devar Bhaskar (born 13 September 1957) is an Indian actor. Before entering to film, he was a theatre artiste, he made his film debut in 1987 in a small role in the film Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi. This was followed by several films in the 90's, in which he appeared in very minor or small roles. He has appeared in supporting roles in Tamil films and as a comedian in Tamil TV series. After he got film breakthrough in Engal Anna (2004). Then he is regular cast and widely recognised supporting and comedy actor in Tamil cinema.

1998–99 NBA season

The National Recording Registry is a list of sound recordings that "are culturally, historically, or aesthetically important, and/or inform or reflect life in the United States." The registry was established by the National Recording Preservation Act of 2000, which created the National Recording Preservation Board, whose members are appointed by the Librarian of Congress. The recordings preserved in the United States National Recording Registry form a registry of recordings selected yearly by the National Recording Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of Congress. Categories:

CS1 errors: deprecated parameters

Stubs

The day in 1776 that theDeclaration of Independencewas adopted by theContinental Congress

Chairman

Low-importance Spiders articles

Namco

The history of Bible translations into the Konkani language begins with Ignazio Arcamone (1615–1683), an Italian Jesuit working in Salcette, Goa was the first to translate parts of the Bible to Konkani language. It was published under the title "Sogllea Vorunsache Vanjel" from Rachol Seminary Printing Press in 1667. Copies of this book are not available. The New Testament was translated into Konkani in Latin script in 1818. The complete New Testament was first translated into Konkani in Kannada script by William Robert Da Silva in 1977. With the publication of Baibol in 1997, he became the first person to translate the complete Bible into Konkani. He translated it single-handedly over 30 years. The second complete translation was done by William B. Barboza in 2000 titled Pavitr Pustak. Both these were printed in Kannada script. The third complete translation was edited by Manuel Gomes in 2006 titled Povitr Pustok. It was printed in Latin script. Others who translated parts of the Bible into Konkani are William Carey at Serampore, West Bengal; Joaquim A. Fernandes, Mumbai; Rymond Mascarenhas, Mangalore; Sylvester Menezes, Mangalore; C.C.A. Pai, S.J., Mangalore; Fr. Vasco do Rego SJ, Goa; Moreno de Souza, S.J., Goa; and Felicio Cardozo, Goa

Overwatch

2007 3. divisjon

Journalist

Unknown-importance Diptera articles

Bicycle Master Plan

Bioenhancer

An unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous. In general, the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval of time before deposition of the younger, but the term is used to describe any break in the sedimentary geologic record. The significance of angular unconformity (see below) was shown by James Hutton, who found examples of Hutton's Unconformity at Jedburgh in 1787 and at Siccar Point in 1788. The rocks above an unconformity are younger than the rocks beneath (unless the sequence has been overturned). An unconformity represents time during which no sediments were preserved in a region. The local record for that time interval is missing and geologists must use other clues to discover that part of the geologic history of that area. The interval of geologic time not represented is called a hiatus. It is a kind of relative dating.

Alexandroupoli

Grupa Ergis

Muthupettai Somu Devar Bhaskar (born 13 September 1957) is an Indian actor. Before entering to film, he was a theatre artiste, he made his film debut in 1987 in a small role in the film Thirumathi Oru Vegumathi. This was followed by several films in the 90's, in which he appeared in very minor or small roles. He has appeared in supporting roles in Tamil films and as a comedian in Tamil TV series. After he got film breakthrough in Engal Anna (2004). Then he is regular cast and widely recognised supporting and comedy actor in Tamil cinema. In addition to acting, Bhaskar is a dubbing artiste and occasional playback singer as well. He is probably best known for his performances in the series Selvi (2005), Arasi (2007) and Chinna Papa Periya Papa (2014). He won the Best Actor in a supporting Role for his performances in 8 Thottakkal (2017).

Bidar Taluka

First Call Resolution

Low-importance Diptera articles

Freedom of religion in Romania

Young Boys

Bhaskar

System One

Sydney Tramway Museum

WikiProject Diptera articles

2016 Citronelle homicides

Ruth Muskrat Bronson (October 3, 1897 – June 12, 1982) was a Cherokee poet, educator and Indian rights activist. After completing her education, Bronson became the first Guidance and Placement Officer of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She served as executive secretary for the National Congress of American Indians, which was founded in 1944, and created their legislative news service. After a decade of work in Washington, D.C., Bronson moved to Arizona. There she served as a health education specialist for the Indian Health Service. Upon her retirement from the government, she received the Oveta Culp Hobby Service Award from the Department of Health, Education and Welfare. She continued working for Native American rights, promoting their development and leadership in the private sector until her death.

Logical Investigations

Namco Ltd. (stylized as NAMCO) is a former Japanese developer and publisher of arcade and home console video games, originally headquartered in Ōta, Tokyo. Several international divisions were established, including Namco America in Santa Clara, California, Shanghai Namco in mainland China, and Namco Enterprises Asia in Hong Kong. Namco was founded by Masaya Nakamura as Nakamura Seisakusho on June 1, 1955, beginning as a producer of coin-operated amusement rides for Japanese department store roof gardens, seeing success with making children's rides for the Mitsukoshi chain. Renamed Nakamura Manufacturing in 1959, the company purchased the struggling Japanese division of Atari from Nolan Bushnell in 1974 and began releasing their games in Japan, where they quickly became one of the leading game companies in Asia. The acquisition inspired Namco to produce their own video games in-house, beginning with Gee Bee in 1978. Namco released their first major hit Galaxian a year later, followed by Pac-Man in 1980 — the latter has since become the most successful arcade game of all time and one of the highest-grossing video games of all time. In February 2005, Namco announced they would merge with Bandai to form Bandai Namco Holdings. The merge was finalized on September 25, creating Japan's third-largest video game entity by revenue and the seventh largest by revenue in the world. Both operated independently under the new holdings company until March 31, 2006, where their video game operations were merged to form Namco Bandai Games. The original Namco name was spun-off into a new company the same day, which handled the amusement park and arcade center operations of Bandai Namco Holdings. It was renamed to Bandai Namco Amusement during a corporate restructuring on April 1, 2018. Namco produced several critically and commercially successful franchises, including Pac-Man, Galaxian, Tekken, Ace Combat, Dig Dug, Soulcalibur, Xevious, Ridge Racer and Tales, and was one of the world's most prolific video game companies. In the past, it operated several arcade centers and theme parks, alongside production of films, toys and speech-impairment devices. Namco is remembered for being one of the most important and influential video game companies in history, with several of their games being listed in many "greatest games of all time" lists by publications.

FCR

2019 Rosenborg BK season

The REACH! Partnership School is a public charter high school located in the campus of the former Lake Clifton Eastern High School, in the northeast area known as Clifton Park of Baltimore, Maryland. REACH! is operated by Civic Works, a Baltimore nonprofit affiliated with the AmeriCorps program. The school shared the Lake Clifton campus with Heritage High School from 2010 until the latter's closure after the 2014-2015 school year. REACH! is now scheduled to relocate to the renovated campus of the former at 2555 Harford Road beginning with the 2019-2020 school year, as part of Baltimore City's 21st Century Schools initiative.

The UNAF U-20 Women's Tournament (Arabic: دورة شمال إفريقيا للسيدات تحت 20 سنة‎) is a football (soccer) women's tournament held between nations for under 20 who are members of the UNAF association, however some other teams which are not members are invited. The first edition was held in 2019 in Morocco.

Relentless: The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, also known as Relentless: The Struggle for Peace in Israel, is a 2003 documentary produced by the pro-Israel media watchdog group HonestReporting. The film explores the cause of the Second Intifada through an examination of compliance with the Declaration of Principles, otherwise known as the Oslo Accords, by Israel and the Palestinian Authority. It places the blame for the violence that ensued on the Palestinian Authority. It focuses, in particular, on the failure of the Palestinian Authority to "educate for peace," citing reports by Center for Monitoring the Impact of Peace on Palestinian textbooks, by showing footage from that encourages suicide bombing and preaches hatred of Jews and Israelis. The film includes interviews with Itamar Marcus, the director of Palestinian Media Watch, , Raanan Gissin, Caroline Glick, John Loftus, Sherri Mandel, Yariv Oppenheimer, Daniel Pipes, Tashbih Sayyed and Natan Sharansky. The film was produced and co-written by Raphael Shore, formerly the director of outreach for Aish HaTorah International. It is based on a PowerPoint presentation that Shore used as a study aid when he was teaching a political science course in Israel.

Αλεξανδρούπολη

Feminist views on transgender topics vary widely. Early feminist views on transgender people were often hostile, but more modern feminists view the struggle for trans rights as an important part of feminism. The National Organization for Women (the largest feminist group in the United States) and the Feminist Majority Foundation both support trans rights. Some feminists, such as Janice Raymond and Sheila Jeffreys, believe that transgender and transsexual people uphold and reinforce sexist gender roles and the gender binary. Feminists who espouse views that other feminists consider transphobic, who are opposed to transgender rights or to the inclusion of trans women in women's spaces and organizations, or who say that trans women are not women, have been called "Trans-exclusionary radical feminists", or "TERFs". While these parties lack influence in mainstream feminism in the US, Canada and elsewhere, they are more influential in the United Kingdom, in particular the British press. Additionally, some transgender and transsexual people, such as Julia Serano and Jacob Anderson-Minshall, have formed a movement within feminism called transfeminism, which views the rights of trans people and trans women in particular as an integral part of the feminist struggle for all women's rights.

Biggie Tembo Jr.

FanXT is a fantasy sports site that provides fantasy sports platforms, namely for The Football Association, MotoGP, and Formula One. They are one of the first to develop a fantasy platform for the Premier League which allows users to set up their own leagues and act as commissioners, and the first few that launched a daily fantasy sports platform for football (soccer). They are also the official provider of fantasy platforms for the Finnish Football League, Hong Kong First Division League, I-League, United Football League (Philippines) and S.League. FanXT is supported by the GIST Initiative programme, a partnership led by the U.S. Department of State and implemented by CRDF Global FanXT launched the first ever fantasy soccer game for AFC Asian Cup 2011 and AFF Suzuki Cup 2012. It is also currently the official digital media provider for the Philippines’ United Football League Grand Perfecta Inc acquired FanXT on January, 2016.

Actor

* Record producer

Berner Sport Club Young Boys

* Actress

An unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous. In general, the older layer was exposed to erosion for an interval of time before deposition of the younger, but the term is used to describe any break in the sedimentary geologic record. The significance of angular unconformity (see below) was shown by James Hutton, who found examples of Hutton's Unconformity at Jedburgh in 1787 and at Siccar Point in 1788.

Use dmy dates from October 2019

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The Constantinople massacre of 1821 was orchestrated by the authorities of the Ottoman Empire against the Greek community of Constantinople (modern Istanbul) in retaliation for the outbreak of the Greek War of Independence (1821–1830). As soon as the first news of the Greek uprising reached the Ottoman capital, there occurred mass executions, pogrom-type attacks, destruction of churches, and looting of the properties of the city's Greek population. The events culminated with the hanging of the Ecumenical Patriarch, Gregory V and the beheading of the Grand Dragoman, Konstantinos Mourouzis.

Bilara tehsil is a tehsil in Jodhpur District of Rajasthan state in western India. The tehsil headquarters are in the town of Bilara.

The El Sur Ranch, located on the Big Sur coast of California, has been continuously operated as a cattle ranch since 1834. The approximately 7,100 acres (2,873 ha) ranch straddles Highway 1 for 6 miles (9.7 km) from the mouth of the Little Sur River to the mouth of the Big Sur River and Andrew Molera State Park. Both the ranch and the park originally comprised the Rancho El Sur land grant given in 1834 by Governor José Figueroa to Juan Bautista Alvarado. It has been owned by the Hill family since 1955, who operate a commercial cow-calf operation.

Cryptosporidium

Ericsson Mobile Communications AB was a subsidiary of Ericsson, entirely focused on development of mobile phones (handsets). The major offices were located in Lund, Kumla, Raleigh, North Carolina and Lynchburg, Virginia.

UNAF U-20 Women's Tournament

Ernest Tidyman

Bienville University

Muthupettai

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Charles Whitman

The REACH! Partnership School

Age and maturity user templates

Gwen Stefani

Carmen [kaʁ.mɛn] is an opera in four acts by French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on a novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée. The opera was first performed by the Opéra-Comique in Paris on 3 March 1875, where its breaking of conventions shocked and scandalized its first audiences.

Feminist views on transgender topics

Fat Brain Toys

Fire fighting in Finland

Big Daddy Graham (born Edward Gudonis May 29, 1953) is a comedian, writer, actor, recording artist, and sports radio personality on 94 WIP-FM in Philadelphia.

Constantinople massacre of 1821

Gwen Renée Stefani (; born October 3, 1969) is an American singer, songwriter, actress, and record producer. She is a co-founder and the lead vocalist of the band No Doubt, whose singles include "Just a Girl", "Spiderwebs", and "Don't Speak", from their 1995 breakthrough studio album Tragic Kingdom, as well as "Hey Baby" and "It's My Life" from later albums.

Wlastimil Hofman (27 April 1881 – 6 March 1970) was a Polish painter, one of the more popular painters of the interwar and postwar years. Hofman was born Vlastimil Hofmann in Prague to Ferdynand Hofmann, a Czech, and Teofila Muzyk Terlecka, a Polish woman. In 1889 Vlastimil's family moved to Kraków in Poland, where he attended St Barbara's School and then the Jan III Sobieski high school. In 1896, he became a student at the Academy of Fine Arts in Kraków, where he studied under, i.a., Jacek Malczewski.In 1899 he went to study painting at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris. In 1902 he had his first showings in an exhibition by the "Sztuka" society. Further exhibitions followed in Munich, Amsterdam, Rome, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, and Warsaw. In 1904 he painted the first of

FCR is an American outsource provider of call centers. Based in Roseburg, Oregon, FCR was founded in 2005 as Comspan Call Center Services, a division of the communications company, Comspan. After the communications company was bought by a Canadian corporation, the call center was established as its own company by Comspan co-founder John Stadter and business partner Matthew Achak. FCR is one of the fastest growing businesses in Oregon and has been named one of the Top Workplaces by The Oregonian for four consecutive years since 2012.

Alexandroupoli (Greek: Αλεξανδρούπολη, pronounced [aleksanˈðrupoli]) or Alexandroupolis is a city in Greece and the capital of the Evros regional unit in East Macedonia and Thrace. It has 57,812 inhabitants and is the largest (in size and population) city of Thrace and the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. It is an important port and commercial center of northeastern Greece. Alexandroupoli is one of the newest cities in Greece, as it was only a fishing village until the late 19th century. The modern city is near the site of ancient Sale, a colony of Samothrace. Alexandroupoli benefits from its position at the centre of land and sea routes connecting Greece with Turkey. Landmarks in Alexandroupoli include the city's lighthouse in the port, the archaeological sites of the Mesimvria Zone, the city's waterfront (the centre of commercial activity), the Ethnological Museum of Thrace, the Cave of Cyclops Polymphemos and the nearby Evros Delta.

Doha (Arabic: الدوحة‎, ad-Dawḥa or ad-Dōḥa, pronounced [adˈdawħa]) is the capital and most populous city of the State of Qatar. It has a population of 1,850,000. The city is located on the coast of the Persian Gulf in the east of the country. It is Qatar's fastest growing city, with over 80% of the nation's population living in Doha or its surrounding suburbs, and it is also the economic centre of the country. Doha was founded in the 1820s as an offshoot of Al Bidda. It was officially declared as the country's capital in 1971, when Qatar gained independence from being a British Protectorate. As the commercial capital of Qatar and one of the emergent financial centres in the Middle East, Doha is considered a world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Doha accommodates Education City, an area devoted to research and education. The city was host to the first ministerial-level meeting of the Doha Development Round of World Trade Organization negotiations. It was also selected as host city of a number of sporting events, including the 2006 Asian Games, the 2011 Pan Arab Games and most of the games at the 2011 AFC Asian Cup. In December 2011, the World Petroleum Council held the 20th World Petroleum Conference in Doha. Additionally, the city hosted the 2012 UNFCCC Climate Negotiations and is set to host many of the venues for the 2022 FIFA World Cup.The city has also hosted the 140th Inter-Parliamentary Union Assembly in April 2019. In May 2015, Doha was officially recognized as one of the New7Wonders Cities together with Vigan, La Paz, Durban, Havana, Beirut and Kuala Lumpur.

The Treaty of Sèvres (French: Traité de Sèvres) was one of a series of treaties that the Central Powers signed after their defeat in World War I. Hostilities had already ended with the Armistice of Mudros. The treaty was signed on 10 August 1920, in an exhibition room at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres porcelain factory in Sèvres, France. The Sèvres treaty marked the beginning of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire, and its dismemberment. The terms it stipulated included the renunciation of all non-Turkish territory and its cession to the Allied administration. Notably, the ceding of Eastern Mediterranean lands allowed the creation of new forms of government, including the Mandate for Palestine and the French Mandate for Syria and the Lebanon. The terms of the treaty stirred hostility and nationalist feeling amongst Turks. The signatories of the treaty were stripped of their citizenship by the Grand National Assembly led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, and this ignited the Turkish War of Independence. In that war, Atatürk led the Turkish nationalists to defeat the combined armies of the signatories of the Treaty of Sèvres, including the remnants of the Ottoman Empire. In a new treaty, that of Lausanne in 1923, Turkish sovereignty was preserved through the establishment of the Republic of Turkey.

Logical Investigations (Husserl)

1954 in Canadian football

ELC English Language Center is a privately operated group of boutique language schools that provide English language training in the United States. It operates through various language centers, in Los Angeles, Boston and Santa Barbara. ELC opened its first center in 1978. ELC has been accredited by ACCET (Accrediting Council for Continuing Education and Training). ELC Los Angeles, ELC Boston, and ELC Santa Barbara are all authorized by the US Department of Homeland Security to Issue SEVIS Form I-20.ELC is often used by international students to improve their English for gap year study, career transitions, or to prepare for study at a . ELC has a proprietary curriculum, which has a structure that accommodates multi-level placement, and 12 levels of instruction. Certain locations also offer TOEFL, IELTS and Cambridge ESOL preparation and testing. ELC Los Angeles and ELC Boston are both authorized IELTS test centers. ELC is owned and operated in the United States.

Independence Day

Somu Devar

The Logical Investigations (German: Logische Untersuchungen) (1900–1901; second edition 1913) are a two-volume work by the philosopher Edmund Husserl, in which the author discusses the philosophy of logic and criticizes psychologism, the view that logic is based on psychology. The work has been praised by philosophers for helping to discredit psychologism, Husserl's opposition to which has been attributed to the philosopher Gottlob Frege's criticism of his Philosophy of Arithmetic (1891). The Logical Investigations influenced philosophers such as Martin Heidegger and Emil Lask, and contributed to the development of phenomenology, continental philosophy, and structuralism. The Logical Investigations has been compared to the work of the philosophers Immanuel Kant and Wilhelm Dilthey, the latter of whom praised the work. However, the work has been criticized for its obscurity, and some commentators have maintained that Husserl inconsistently advanced a form of psychologism, despite Husserl's critique of psychologism. When Husserl later published Ideas (1913), he lost support from some followers who believed the work adopted a different philosophical position from that which Husserl had endorsed in the Logical Investigations. Husserl acknowledged in his manuscripts that the work suffered from shortcomings.

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ಬೀದರ ತಾಲುಕಾ

The Logical Investigations (German: Logische Untersuchungen) (1900–1901; second edition 1913) are a two-volume work by the philosopher Edmund Husserl, in which the author discusses the philosophy of logic and criticizes psychologism, the view that logic is based on psychology.

Ruth Muskrat Bronson (October 3, 1897 – June 12, 1982) was a Cherokee poet, educator and Indian rights activist. After completing her education, Bronson became the first Guidance and Placement Officer of the Bureau of Indian Affairs. She served as executive secretary for the National Congress of American Indians, which was founded in 1944, and created their legislative news service.

BigMarker

The 2007 season of the 3. divisjon, the fourth highest association football league for men in Norway. Between 18 and 26 games (depending on group size) were played in 24 groups, with 3 points given for wins and 1 for draws. Twelve teams were promoted to the 2. divisjon through playoff.

Ergis Spółka Akcyjna is a Polish chemical company that processes plastics and manufactures PVC, PET and PE products. It is listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange. Its products include LLDPE stretch films (including nanoERGIS films), PVC soft insulating and specialist films, rigid PET, PET/PE and PVC films for food and medicines packaging, PET strapping tapes, PVC compounds, flexible laminates for food packaging, PET flakes, BOPP films. The company is headquartered in Warsaw, while its production facilities are located in Wąbrzeźno and Oława (both in Poland).

Namco Ltd.

A Bicycle Master Plan (BMP) is a document that describes long-range planning for developing bicycle infrastructure in a city, with emphasis on designating and expanding bike routes, fostering a safe environment for cycling, and promoting bicycling as a viable transportation option. A BMP usually details bike routes in the city, connecting bike lanes to create continuous, safe bicycling routes. Many large cities have a BMP, including Seattle, Los Angeles, and Vancouver.

Farmer Bros. Co. is an American coffee foodservice company based in Northlake, Texas. The company specializes in the manufacture and distribution of coffee, tea, and approximately 300 other foodservice items used by restaurants and other establishments. Chris Mottern serves as the interim CEO of the company.

Faisal Islamic Bank of Sudan is an Islamic bank in Sudan. The bank describes itself as having "Islamic orientation" and "Sudanese features". The Indian site Siasat Daily describes it as Sudan’s "largest lender", and one that as of 2016 "favours low-risk, short-term loans and quick returns".

The Treaty of Sèvres (French: Traité de Sèvres) was one of a series of treaties that the Central Powers signed after their defeat in World War I. Hostilities had already ended with the Armistice of Mudros. The treaty was signed on 10 August 1920, in an exhibition room at the Manufacture nationale de Sèvres porcelain factory in Sèvres, France.

FanXT is a fantasy sports site that provides fantasy sports platforms, namely for The Football Association, MotoGP, and Formula One. They are one of the first to develop a fantasy platform for the Premier League which allows users to set up their own leagues and act as commissioners, and the first few that launched a daily fantasy sports platform for football (soccer). They are also the official provider of fantasy platforms for the Finnish Football League, Hong Kong First Division League, I-League, United Football League (Philippines) and S.League. FanXT is supported by the GIST Initiative programme, a partnership led by the U.S. Department of State and implemented by CRDF Global

El Nuevo Cojo

Arna's Children is a 2004 Dutch-Israeli documentary film directed by Juliano Mer Khamis and Danniel Danniel. The film's story revolves around a children's theater group in Jenin in the Palestinian territories established by Arna Mer-Khamis, the director's mother, an Israeli Jewish political and human rights activist. The film portrays the lives of Arna Mer-Khamis and the children members of the theater including Ala el-Sabagr, Zakaria Zubeidi, Daud Zubeidi, Majdi Shadi, Haifa Staiti, Nidal Swetti, Yussef Swetti, Mahmoud Kaneri, Khairia Fakhri and Ashraf Abu-Alheji. The film won "Best Documentary Feature" in the 2004 Tribeca Film Festival. Three of the theater children died in various operations or while resisting the Israeli army, namely Ala, Nidal, and Ashraf. Yussef committed a suicide attack in Hadera in 2001, murdering four civilians. Two other children, Daud and Zakaria were imprisoned. The director of the film Juliano Mer Khamis was assassinated in Jenin on 4 April 2011 by masked militants.

Big Girls

El Sur Ranch

Bill Hooper (New Zealand footballer)

Facing the Wall (in Hebrew: עם הפנים לקיר) is a 2016 Israeli short film, written and directed by Aalam-Warqe Davidian. The film won the best picture award at the International Student Film Festival and the Van Lir best short film award at the 2016 Jerusalem Film Festival.

Bichpari

BSC Young Boys

Bienville University was an unaccredited institution that was based in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. It was run by Thomas J. Kirk. Bienville University was referred to as a diploma mill or degree mill in a 2003 article by KVBC News 3. It was never recognised or approved by any accreditation agency and was not approved by the US Department of Education nor the Council for Higher Education Accreditation and has been closed by the State of Louisiana. It then moved to Woodville, Mississippi. The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board has put Bienville University on the list of Institutions Whose Degrees are Illegal to Use in Texas. Without recognized accreditation, Bienville's degrees and credits might not be acceptable to employers or other academic institutions, and use of degree titles may be restricted or illegal in some jurisdictions. Jurisdictions that have restricted or made illegal the use of credentials from unaccredited schools include Oregon, Michigan, Maine, North Dakota, New Jersey, Washington, Nevada, Illinois, Indiana, and Texas. Many other states are also considering restrictions on the use of degrees from unaccredited institutions. A Las Vegas police chief was told in 2002 that his diploma from Bienville would not earn him more pay because the institution does not meet the standards of accreditation required.

Ajai Lamba

Alexandroupoli (Greek: Αλεξανδρούπολη, pronounced [aleksanˈðrupoli]) or Alexandroupolis is a city in Greece and the capital of the Evros regional unit in East Macedonia and Thrace. It has 57,812 inhabitants and is the largest (in size and population) city of Thrace and the region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. It is an important port and commercial center of northeastern Greece. Alexandroupoli is one of the newest cities in Greece, as it was only a fishing village until the late 19th century. The modern city is near the site of ancient Sale, a colony of Samothrace.

Afro-Jamaicans or Black-Jamaicans are Jamaicans of partial or predominately Black African descent. They presently represent the largest ethnic group in the country, comprising over 90 percent of the island's population. In addition, there are people of Afro-Jamaican descent living in other parts of the world, such as the United States and United Kingdom.

Binghamton City School District

Bill Muster

The Lechriodus is a genus of ground-dwelling from the family Myobatrachidae, native to eastern Australia and New Guinea. They are medium-sized frogs and the dorsal skin has a sandpaper-like texture. They are unique amongst myobatrachids genera in that there is more species that occur on New Guinea (3 spp.) than in Australia (1 sp.). They inhabit rainforests and wet sclerophyll forests and are active after heavy rains in summer and rarely seen during drier conditions. Breeding takes place in temporary pools and small streams and the tadpoles as well as the frogs are noted for their cannibalistic behaviour, due to which they are commonly known as cannibal frogs.

Bichpari is a village in Gohana tehsil of Sonipat district in Haryana, India. Its population at the 2011 census was 6032. Also famous for treatment given by villagers for fracture. Many people used to come here from nearby villages for treatment.And also known as "Ladoo wali Bichpari" because there many temples around the village.

Relentless: The Struggle for Peace in the Middle East, also known as Relentless: The Struggle for Peace in Israel, is a 2003 documentary produced by the pro-Israel media watchdog group HonestReporting. The film explores the cause of the Second Intifada through an examination of compliance with the Declaration of Principles, otherwise known as the Oslo Accords, by Israel and the Palestinian Authority. It places the blame for the violence that ensued on the Palestinian Authority. It focuses, in particular, on the failure of the Palestinian Authority to "educate for peace," citing reports by Center for Monitoring the Impact of Peace on Palestinian textbooks, by showing footage from that encourages suicide bombing and preaches hatred of Jews and Israelis.

The BC Lions joined the WIFU and adopted the colours of burnt orange and brown. The Lions played their first regular season game on Saturday, August 28, which they lost 8–6 to the Winnipeg Blue Bombers at Empire Stadium. Winnipeg's Gerry James (RB), became the first player to win the Most Outstanding Canadian Award. The NBC national network were televising IRFU games. This was the last season that the Ontario Rugby Football Union would challenge for the Grey Cup.

Editor

Freedom of religion in Romania refers to the extent to which people in Romania are freely able to practice their religious beliefs, taking into account both government policies and societal attitudes toward religious groups. The laws of Romania establish the freedom of religion as well as outlawing religious discrimination, and provide a registration framework for religious organizations to receive government recognition and funding (this is not a prerequisite for being able to practice in the country). The government also has programs for compensating religious organizations for property confiscated during World War II and during the rule of the Socialist Republic of Romania. Representatives of minority groups have complained that the government favors the Romanian Orthodox Church over other religious groups, and there have been several incidences of local government and police failing to enforce anti-discrimination laws reliably. During the existence of the Kingdom of Romania in the 19th and early 20th centuries, the government of Romania systematically favored the Orthodox and Romanian Greek Catholic Churches. Non-Christians were denied citizenship until the late 19th century, and even then faced obstacles and limited rights. Antisemitism was a prominent feature of Liberal political currents in the 19th century, before being abandoned by Liberal parties and adopted by left-wing peasant and later fascist groups in the early 20th century. During World War II, several hundred thousand Jews were killed by Romanian or German forces in Romania. Although Jews living in territories belonging to Romania prior to the beginning of the war largely avoided this fate, they nevertheless faced harsh antisemitic laws passed by the Antonescu government. During the Socialist era following World War II, the Romanian government exerted significant control over the Orthodox Church and closely monitored religious activity, as well as promoting atheism among the population. Dissident priests were censured, arrested, deported, and/or defrocked, but the Orthodox Church as a whole acquiesced to the government's demands and received support from it.

Farida Guitars

The REACH! Partnership School is a public charter high school located in the campus of the former Lake Clifton Eastern High School, in the northeast area known as Clifton Park of Baltimore, Maryland. REACH! is operated by Civic Works, a Baltimore nonprofit affiliated with the AmeriCorps program. The school shared the Lake Clifton campus with Heritage High School from 2010 until the latter's closure after the 2014-2015 school year. REACH! is now scheduled to relocate to the renovated campus of the former at 2555 Harford Road beginning with the 2019-2020 school year, as part of Baltimore City's 21st Century Schools initiative. The school offers vocational education through its CTE Pathways in either "Construction & Development" (carpentry or HVAC) or "Health & Biosciences" (Nursing assistant or Pharmacy technician). It also offers two Advanced Placement courses in English and History & social sciences. In addition, the school hosts an Army JROTC program.

William N. Muster (June 18, 1926 to January 3, 1989) was a photographer, publisher, and marketing executive in Los Angeles. He is remembered for his defense of the Delta Queen Steamboat in 1970, and his role in the photo contest.

* Songwriter

The Lechriodus is a genus of ground-dwelling from the family Myobatrachidae, native to eastern Australia and New Guinea. They are medium-sized frogs and the dorsal skin has a sandpaper-like texture. They are unique amongst myobatrachids genera in that there is more species that occur on New Guinea (3 spp.) than in Australia (1 sp.).

Ericsson Mobile Communications AB

The history of Bible translations into the Konkani language begins with Ignazio Arcamone (1615–1683), an Italian Jesuit working in Salcette, Goa was the first to translate parts of the Bible to Konkani language. It was published under the title "Sogllea Vorunsache Vanjel" from Rachol Seminary Printing Press in 1667. Copies of this book are not available.

Dissolved

Fiduciary Institute of Southern Africa

Red Cow (film)

Ernest Tidyman (January 1, 1928 – July 14, 1984) was an American author and screenwriter, best known for his novels featuring the African-American detective John Shaft. He also co-wrote the screenplay for the film version of Shaft with John D.F. Black in 1971. His screenplay for The French Connection garnered him an Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay, as well as a Golden Globe Award, a Writers Guild of America Award, and an Edgar Award.

Carlos González (born 1930) is a Uruguayan basketball player who competed in the 1956 Summer Olympics.
Carlos González (basketball)

Biggie Tembo Jr. (born 8 April 1988) is a Zimbabwean Jit musician who recorded for Gramma Records who released his debut album, Rwendo, in 2010. He is the son of Bhundu Boys singer Biggie Tembo. In 2012 he was engaged by Alick Macheso to open his shows.

"Big Girls" is a song written by Lin Buckfield and recorded by the Australian band Electric Pandas. It was released in May 1984 as the band's debut single and it peaked at number 18 on the Australian Kent Music Report.

Phillip Longman (born April 21, 1956, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, West Germany) is an American demographer. Presently he is a Schwartz Senior Fellow at the New America Foundation, and he formerly worked as a senior writer and deputy assistant managing editor at U.S. News & World Report.

2019–20 Olimpia Milano season

Fiduciary Institute of Southern Africa (FISA)

The cover of the April 19, 2005 issue of El Nuevo Cojo Ilustrado, the first print issue of the magazine

The El Sur Ranch, located on the Big Sur coast of California, has been continuously operated as a cattle ranch since 1834. The approximately 7,100 acres (2,873 ha) ranch straddles Highway 1 for 6 miles (9.7 km) from the mouth of the Little Sur River to the mouth of the Big Sur River and Andrew Molera State Park. Both the ranch and the park originally comprised the Rancho El Sur land grant given in 1834 by Governor José Figueroa to Juan Bautista Alvarado. It has been owned by the Hill family since 1955, who operate a commercial cow-calf operation. Upon inheriting the ranch while still in college and pressed by increasingly high property taxes, the ranch's current owner James Hill began plans to develop two percent of the property. His plans were protested by Big Sur residents whose efforts persuaded the California Coastal Commission to deny his permit. In 1997, after being denied a permit to build a 200 room hotel at the mouth of Little Sur River, he agreed to a conservation easement covering almost all of the property visible from Highway 1 at a cost of $11 million to California taxpayers. The land has historically used water from the Big Sur River, or from wells drilled in 1949 (old well) and 1984 (new well), and Hill has sought to increase diversion from the river to levels that according to one conservation group might harm endangered steelhead trout.

Black Jamaicans

FCR is an American outsource provider of call centers. Based in Roseburg, Oregon, FCR was founded in 2005 as Comspan Call Center Services, a division of the communications company, Comspan. After the communications company was bought by a Canadian corporation, the call center was established as its own company by Comspan co-founder John Stadter and business partner Matthew Achak. FCR is one of the fastest growing businesses in Oregon and has been named one of the Top Workplaces by The Oregonian for four consecutive years since 2012. The company has over 60 clients in industries including financial, healthcare, retail, e-commerce, as well as start-ups and technology companies based in Silicon Valley. FCR also works with insurance companies and other organizations during natural disasters including Hurricane Katrina. FCR maintains a sales office in Seattle, WA and operates call centers throughout Oregon in Roseburg, Grants Pass, Coos Bay, Veneta, Eugene and Independence. FCR was recognized by Forbes.com as a Company To Watch, citing trends in the call center industry where companies make significant investments in human capital and technology to communicate more effectively with Millennials. FCR was written up by Business View Magazine in April 2018 as an innovative domestic based outsourcer of call center services.

M S Bhaskar

Freedom of religion in Romania refers to the extent to which people in Romania are freely able to practice their religious beliefs, taking into account both government policies and societal attitudes toward religious groups.

Paganism (from classical Latin pāgānus "rural, rustic", later "civilian") is a term first used in the fourth century by early Christians for people in the Roman Empire who practiced polytheism. This was either because they were increasingly rural and provincial relative to the Christian population, or because they were not milites Christi (soldiers of Christ). Alternate terms in Christian texts for the same group were hellene, gentile, and heathen. Ritual sacrifice was an integral part of ancient Graeco-Roman religion and was regarded as an indication of whether a person was pagan or Christian.

San Marino-Montefeltro

Casualties of the Iraq War

Dioecesis Sammarinensis-Feretrana

Shovel Headed Kill Machine

Bioenhancers or bioavailability enhancers is a new chapter in medical science first scientifically established in 1979 after the discovery of world's first bioenhancer Piperine. It is a pocket friendly drug technology which reduces the destruction, wastage and elimination of several orally administered drugs inside the body. Definition Bioenhancers are defined as substances that increase the bioavailability and bioefficacy of active substances with which they are combined without having any activity of their own at the dose used. Besides several classes of modern drugs like antibiotics, anti cancer drugs, cardiovascular drugs, anti inflammatory, central nervous drugs, etc., they also increase the bioavailability of vitamins and nutrients. Increased Bioavailabiity means increased levels of drug in the blood stream available for drug action. Increased Bioefficacy means the increased effectiveness of the drug due to increased bioavailability and also due to other mechanisms. Significance of BioenhancersDue to an increased bioavailability, the dose and cost of active drug can be reduced, making the formulation cheaper and safer, better tolerated, having better efficacy, better compliance and having lesser risk of developing drug resistance as in case of antibiotics. As it benefits the dose economy,it is particularly of great value to poor ill diseased segment of society.For example, by reducing the required dose of expensive toxic Rifampicin by 60 percent,it correspondingly reduces the cost and side effects of Rifampicin while treating the dreaded disease Tuberculosis. History Bioenhancers or bioavailability enhancers as a term and chapter did not exist in any modern scientific literature prior to 1979. The term bioavailability enhancers was first coined in 1979 at Indian Institute of Integrative medicine, Jammu, formerly RRL,Jammu, by Indian scientists (Dr. C. K. Atal, the Director of institute RRL Jammu proposed the hypothesis of increased bioavailability of drugs from a clue during research on traditional medicinal drugs). Subsequently, the concept of bioavailability enhancers was scientifically researched and scientifically established by him and his research team at RRL Jammu. The institute then discovered and scientifically validated Piperine as the world's first bioenhancer using Sparteine and Vasicine which became the world's first experimentally bioenhanced drugs. Dr.Atal also initiated the bioenhanced anti tubercular drug research project using Rifampicin which later resulted in development of world's first bioenhanced anti tubercular drug formulation. This DCGI approved formulation was officially released by Indian government at Anusandhan Bhawan Delhi on world tuberculosis day 2011, and also presented to Mr. Bill Gates, chairman of Microsoft same day at a function at Le Meridian in Delhi. After the discovery of bioenhancer Piperine in 1979, a new chapter was added in medical science. Since then it has generated global interest and research in the field and has led to discovery of many other new bioenhancers. Piperine remains the most potent and extensively researched bioenhancer till date. It is safe, effective, extremely economical and easily manufactured for commercial use.It is also a broad spectrum bioenhancer acting on several classes of modern drugs as noted elsewhere. Classification bioenhancers can be classified according to their source of origin, either plant based or animal based or else according to their site of action. Bioenhancers so far almost exclusively discovered in plants, increase the bioavailability of other substances in different ways:
* Increase of absorption in the intestine
* Inhibition of degradation in the intestine and the liver by inhibition of drug metabolising enzymes (inhibiting first pass mechanism of destruction of drugs).
* Inhibition of elimination in the drug in gut and through bile by inhibition of efflux pumps.
* Increase of drug permeability of pathogens.
* Inhibition of defense mechanisms of pathogens or tumor tissue (such as efflux of drugs)
* Increasing binding possibilities on binding sites (such as DNA and proteins) of the pathogen
* Improving overcoming of the blood-brain barrier 'Reduced bioavailability of orally administered drugs by Destruction, elimination and wastage inside the body • After oral ingestion and absorption, drugs reach the blood stream where the drug needs to attain a certain desired drug level in the blood to cause desired drug action.• After oral ingestion and absorption, drugs while passing from the gut via the liver to blood stream are inadequately absorbed, wasted, eliminated and destroyed and therefore a reduced percentage of ingested dose reaches the blood stream resulting in lower drug levels in blood.• Therefore, more quantity of drug has to be ingested to compensate for the losses in order to achieve desired blood levels which in turn increase the cost and side effects of drugs. Billions of Dollars are wasted globally in various countries due to poor bioavailability of drugs, which is a huge financial burden on any nation, particularly poor developing countries.This is particularly relevant in serious and dreaded diseases on mankind like tuberculosis for which treatment is expensive, toxic and prolonged and for which an emergency situation has been declared by UN due to emergence of AIDS and development of serious drug resistance. 'BENEFICIAL ROLE OF BIOENHANCERS' Reduced dose- Bioenhancers prevent this wastage of ingested drugs inside the body and increase quantity of drug reaching the blood, therefore a reduced dosage of oral drug is sufficient to achieve the desired blood levels. Reduced burden on raw material of country -This reduced dose needed for desired drug action means beneficial effect on raw materials consumption required to develop drugs which is a great savings for any country. Ecological advantage- This also translates into ecological advantage in case of rare and expensive plant based drugs as less trees or plant have to be consumed to produce drugs, an example being the costly anti cancer drug Taxol derived from very slow growing Yew trees . Reduced drug cost- This reduced dose in turn also reduces the cost of drugs. Reduced adverse reactions- This reduced dose in turn also reduces the side effects of drugs. Improved compliance- Lesser side effects also improve drug tolerability, drug compliance and promote completion of treatment. Reduced drug resistance- This improved tolerability and compliance in turn reduces risk of developing dangerous drug resistance. Added hepatoprotective and gastroprotective actions of bioenhacer piperine reduces gastrointestinal side effects and hepatotoxicity of primary active drug which further makes formulation safer, better tolerated and again reduces drug toxicity and drug resistance. This is a great advantage to poor patients, poor countries and for dreaded diseases of man.

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