Events from the year 1181 in Ireland.

Events (incomplete) which happened on the Italian peninsula in 1266:

An incomplete list of events in Italy in 1248:

Year 1269 (MCCLXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1186 in Ireland

Year 1225 (MCCXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1206 in Ireland.

The 1070s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1070, and ended on December 31, 1079.== Events ===== 1070 ===Winter of 1069–1070 – Harrying of the North: William I of England quells rebellions in the north of England, following an invasion by Sweyn II of Denmark.

Events from the year 1250 in Ireland.

Year 1260 (MCCLX) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1258 (MCCLVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

11th century in science

Year 1247 (MCCXLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1242 in Ireland.

1215 in Italy

Year 1185 (MCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1202 in Ireland.

Events from the year 1226 in Ireland.

Year 1194 (MCXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1283 in Ireland.

Events from the 1180s in England.

Year 1182 (MCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1210 in Ireland.

1258 in Ireland

Year 1237 (MCCXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

127 BC

Year 1215 (MCCXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 11 BC was either a common year starting on Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Saturday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tubero and Maximus (or, less frequently, year 743 Ab urbe condita).

Events from the year 1230 in Ireland.

1225 in Ireland

The 11th century BC comprises all years from 1100 BC to 1001 BC. Although many human societies were literate in this period, some of the individuals mentioned below may be apocryphal rather than historically accurate.

1226 in Ireland

1206 in Ireland

The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289.Europe in the 1280s was marked by naval warfare on the Mediterranean and consolidation of power by the major states. Ongoing struggles over the control of Sicily provoked lengthy naval warfare: after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion, the French Angevins struggled against Aragon for control of the island. King Rudolph I of Germany established the Habsburg dynasty in Austria when he invested his two sons with power there.

Year 1197 (MCXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1211 (MCCXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1183 (MCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1116 (MCXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1211 in Ireland

1230 in Ireland

Year 1267 (MCCLXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 122 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ahenobarbus and Fannius (or, less frequently, year 632 Ab urbe condita) and the First Year of Yuanshou. The denomination 122 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 119 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Dalmaticus and Cotta (or, less frequently, year 635 Ab urbe condita) and the Fourth Year of Yuanshou. The denomination 119 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 1251 (MCCLI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1266 in Ireland.

Year 1184 (MCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

An incomplete list of events which occurred in 1283 CE on the Italian peninsula.

An incomplete list of events in 1215 in Italy:

Events from the 1260s in England.

120347 Salacia (sal-AY-shee-ə or sə-LAY-shə), provisional designation 2004 SB60, is a trans-Neptunian object in the Kuiper belt, approximately 850 kilometers in diameter and almost certainly a dwarf planet. Its current distance is about 44.2 AU from the sun and apparent magnitude about 20.5.Salacia was discovered on 22 September 2004, by American astronomers Henry Roe, Michael Brown and Kristina Barkume at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States. It has been observed 100 times, with precovery images back to 25 July 1982. Salacia orbits the Sun at an average distance that is slightly larger than that of Pluto. It was named after the Roman goddess Salacia and has a single known moon, Actaea.

An incomplete list of events in Italy in 1260:Battle of Montaperti, an important event which was fought on September 4, 1260, between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. It gained notoriety for an act of treachery that turned the tide of the battle, which was immortalised by Dante Alighieri in his poem Divine Comedy.Jacobus de Voragine compiles his work, the Golden Legend, a late medieval best-seller.Nicola Pisano sculpts the pulpit of the Pisa Baptistery.The mosaic Christ between the Virgin and St Minias is made on the facade of Florence's Basilica di San Miniato al Monte.

Events from the year 1234 in Ireland.

1264 in Ireland

Year 1217 (MCCXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1272 (MCCLXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1191 (MCXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1231 (MCCXXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 11 BC was either a common year starting on Monday or Tuesday or a leap year starting on Sunday, Monday or Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar (the sources differ, see leap year error for further information) and a common year starting on Saturday of the Proleptic Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Tubero and Maximus (or, less frequently, year 743 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 11 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

1276 in Ireland

Year 119 (CXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hadrianus and Rusticus (or, less frequently, year 872 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 119 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

124 BC

11th century BC

Year 126 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lepidus and Orestes (or, less frequently, year 628 Ab urbe condita) and the Third Year of Yuanshuo. The denomination 126 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events from the year 1201 in Ireland.

Events from the year 1238 in Ireland.
1238 in Ireland

Year 1186 (MCLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1262 (MCCLXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 124 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Longinus and Calvinus (or, less frequently, year 630 Ab urbe condita) and the Fifth Year of Yuanshuo. The denomination 124 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

1259 in Ireland

Events from the year 1235 in Ireland.

Year 126 (CXXVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Verus and Ambibulus (or, less frequently, year 879 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 126 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 127 (CXXVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Rufus and Squilla (or, less frequently, year 880 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 127 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 1187 (MCLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1233 (MCCXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1283 in Italy

Events from the year 1270 in Ireland.

Year 1220 (MCCXX) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1263 in Ireland.

1190 in Ireland

Events from the 1240s in England.

Year 1149 (MCXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1259 in Ireland.

Events from the 1210s in England.

Events in Italy in 1237:

1250 in Ireland

Events from the year 1271 in Ireland.

The 120s decade ran from January 1, 120, to December 31, 129.== Events ===== 120 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======Emperor Hadrian visits Britain.Foss Dyke is constructed in Britain.An Indian ambassadorial contingent visits with Hadrian.Suetonius becomes Hadrian's secretary ab epistolis.Approximate dateLegio IX Hispana last known to be in existence.Market Gate of Miletus built at Miletos.

Events from the year 1258 in Ireland.

1207 in Ireland

Events from the year 1231 in Ireland.

The 1050s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1050, and ended on December 31, 1059.

Year 1264 (MCCLXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1246 (MCCXLVI) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1275 in art

11th century in Canada

Events from the year 1205 in Ireland.

1207 Antalyaspor

Year 1270 (MCCLXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

The 1070s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1070, and ended on December 31, 1079.== Events ===== 1070 ===Winter of 1069–1070 – Harrying of the North: William I of England quells rebellions in the north of England, following an invasion by Sweyn II of Denmark. Widespread famine follows the devastation wrought.Spring – King Sweyn II of Denmark joins English rebels, led by Hereward the Wake, and captures the Isle of Ely, in The Fens of eastern England.April 11 – Archbishop of Canterbury Stigand is deposed.June 1 – Hereward plunders Peterborough Abbey, in eastern England.June – Denmark signs a treaty with England; Sweyn and his forces leave the country.August 15 – The Pavian-born Benedictine Lanfranc is appointed as the new Archbishop of Canterbury in England.An invasion of England by Malcolm III of Scotland is repelled.Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester, the first Marcher Lord, invades Wales, capturing parts of Gwynedd.A successful Byzantine counter-attack drives the Seljuq Turks across the Euphrates.Bergen is founded by King Olaf III of Norway; it will function as the main city and capital of Norway, until it is replaced by Oslo in 1314.Chinese Chancellor Wang Anshi starts the Xining Reforms (which last until 1085).Jews from Rouen in Normandy settle in England, at the invitation of King William I.The Temple of Literature, Hanoi, is established in the capital of Vietnam.Uyghur poet Yusuf Khass Hajib of Balasagun, in the Kara-Khanid Khanate, completes the Kutadgu Bilig ("The Wisdom Which Brings Good Fortune"), and presents it to the prince of Kashgar.Song dynasty Chinese astronomer, engineer, and statesman Su Song completes the compilation of the Ben Cao Tu Jing, a pharmaceutical treatise with related subjects of botany, zoology, mineralogy, and metallurgy.Canterbury Cathedral in England is rebuilt, following a fire.The rebuilding of York Minster in England begins.Construction of Richmond Castle in North Yorkshire, England, by Alan Rufus begins.Approximate date – Halsten Stenkilsson is deposed as king of Sweden, with Håkan the Red becoming king in Götaland, and Anund Gårdske being chosen as king of Svealand.=== 1071 ===February 22 – Battle of Cassel: Robert the Frisian (son of Baldwin V) defeats his sister-in-law Richilde (widow of Baldwin VI) and her nephew Arnulf III, in a succession struggle for the County of Flanders, and is appointed count by King Philip.March – Zaynab an-Nafzawiyyah marries Yusuf ibn Tashfin, leader of the Almoravids, and becomes his queen and co-regent.April 15 – The Siege of Bari ends when Bari, the capital and last Byzantine-controlled city in the Catepanate of Italy, is captured by Italo-Norman forces under Robert Guiscard.August 26 – Battle of Manzikert: The Byzantine Empire loses to an army of Seljuq Turks, led by Alp Arslan. Byzantine civil war results in the Turkish conquest of Anatolia.William I of England defeats Hereward the Wake's rebellion, on the Isle of Ely.Edwin, Earl of Mercia rebels against William I of England, but is betrayed and killed, leading to the re-distribution of land within Mercia to William's subjects.=== 1072 ======= By place ========== Europe ======January 10 – The Normans conquer Palermo, in Sicily.May 27 – The Accord of Winchester establishes the primacy of the Archbishop of Canterbury over the Archbishop of York, in the Church of England.June 29 – Romanos IV Diogenes, deposed ruler of the Byzantine Empire, is blinded and sent into exile at the Monastery of the Transfiguration, Kinaliada.William I of England invades Scotland, and also receives the submission of Hereward the Wake.Osbern FitzOsbern becomes Bishop of Exeter.Dunfermline Abbey (the later burial place of several Kings of Scots, including Robert the Bruce) is founded. The associated royal palace will be the birth place of King Charles I.Alfonso VI becomes king of Leon and Castile, following the assassination of his brother Sancho.====== Asia ======The Song dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo is appointed as the head official for the Bureau of Astronomy, where he begins his groundbreaking work with the colleague Wei Pu on accurately plotting the orbital paths of the stars, planets, and moon three times a night, for a continuum of five years.Shen Kuo is sent to supervise Chancellor Wang Anshi's program of surveying the building of silt deposits in the Bian Canal, outside the capital city of Kaifeng. Using an original technique, Shen successfully dredges the canal and demonstrates the formidable value of the silt gathered as a fertilizer.=== 1073 ======= By area ========== Asia ======Emperor Shirakawa ascends to the throne of Japan.Chancellor Wang Anshi of Song dynasty China creates a new bureau of the central government called the Directorate of Weapons, which supervises the manufacture of military armaments and ensures quality control.The Seljuq Turks conquer Ankara from the Byzantines and Jerusalem from the Fatimids.====== Europe ======Sviatoslav II begins his reign as ruler of Kievan Rus.A treaty between the Christian king of Navarre, Sancho IV, and the Muslim ruler of the taifa of Zaragoza, al-Muqtadir, is renewed.Ebles II of Roucy leads a Frankish troop in Spain, to support the king of Aragon in his struggle against his southern Muslim neighbors.==== By topic ========== Arts and culture ======Rabbi Yitchaki Alfassi finishes writing the Rif, an important work of Jewish law.====== Religion ======April 22 – Pope Gregory VII (Cardinal Hildebrand) succeeds Pope Alexander II, as the 157th pope.John IX bar Shushan ends his term as Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.=== 1074 ===February 7 – Battle of Montesarchio: Prince Pandulf IV of Benevento is killed while fighting the encroaching Normans.November 25 – Magreb unites the Tengizi Islands, and becomes the first king of the Kingdom of Tengiz.The Liao dynasty emperor rejects a proposal for all Khitan people to adopt surnames.Shanghai becomes a market town.=== 1075 ===February – Pope Gregory VII holds a council that publishes a decree against lay investiture.April – Pope Gregory VII publishes the Dictatus papae (Sayings of the Pope, aka the Dictates of Hildebrand), in which he asserts papal authority over earthly as well as spiritual rulers.Revolt of the Earls: Three earls rebel against William I of England (William the Conqueror), in the last serious act of resistance to the Norman Conquest.First Battle of Langensalza: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats the Saxon nobles and subjugates Saxony.The Liao dynasty version of the Buddhist Tripiṭaka is completed (approximate date).Anund Gårdske is deposed as king of Svealand, and King Håkan the Red of Götaland proclaims himself king of all Sweden.The Seljuq Turks take Jerusalem from the Fatimids.Lý dynasty forces under Lý Thường Kiệt defend Vietnam, against invasion by Song Dynasty China.The Song Dynasty Chinese polymath scientist and statesman Shen Kuo solves a heated border dispute with the Liao Dynasty, by dredging up old diplomatic records; he refutes Emperor Daozong of Liao's bluffs point for point, during a meeting at Mt. Yongan (near modern Pingquan in Hebei), and reestablishes the Song's rightful borders.=== 1076 ===January – The German bishops who have been invested by Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, withdraw their allegiance from Pope Gregory VII.February 14 – Pope Gregory VII excommunicates Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.October 8 – Demetrius Zvonimir is crowned as King of Croatia in Solin (near Split), by a representative of Pope Gregory VII.November 1 – In England, a frost begins that lasts until April 1077.December 25 – Polish King Bolesław II the Bold (Polish: Bolesław Śmiały) is crowned in Gniezno.Anselm of Canterbury completes Monologion.The Almoravids capture the Ghanaian capital of Kumbi.Count Dirk V reconquers most of West Frisia (historical) from the bishop of Utrecht.The Trial of Penenden Heath is thought to have been held, with an important ruling regarding land rights, subsequent to the Norman Conquest of England.Dmitar Zvonimir of Croatia donated the town of Vrana and Benedictine monastery of St. Gregory, as a sign of loyalty to Pope Gregory VII.Vikramaditya VI deposes his older brother Someshvara II, and becomes king of the Western Chalukya.Battle of Như Nguyệt River: Lý Dynasty Vietnamese troops hold back invading Song Dynasty Chinese forces, and a truce is concluded.=== 1077 ======= By area ========== Africa ======The Almoravids complete the conquest of the Ghana Empire, and reach Spain.====== Asia ======The Seljuk Turks capture Nicaea.Suleyman I of Rûm becomes the leader of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm, in modern Turkey.Anushtegin Gharchai becomes, as a Seljuk vassal, leader of the Khwarezmid Empire.====== Europe ======January 26 – Walk to Canossa: Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, visits Pope Gregory VII as a penitent, asking him to remove the sentence of excommunication.January 28 – The excommunication of Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor is lifted.April 3The first Parliament of Friuli is created.Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor grants the county of Friuli, with ducal status, to Sigaerd, Patriarch of Aquileia.Robert Curthose instigates his first insurrection against his father, William the Conqueror, in Normandy.The Kingdom of Duklja is founded.The first recorded trial by combat is held in England.Vsevolod of Kiev becomes the prince of Kievan Rus'.Alfonso VI of Castile conquers Coria.Pope Gregory VII places the island of Corsica under the secular rule of the Archbishop of Pisa.Hugh of Burgundy supports the king of Aragon, in his conquest of the castle of Muñones from the emir of Zaragossa.==== By topic ========== Arts ======The Bayeux Tapestry is made.====== Religion ======The first English Cluniac Benedictine priory is established, at Lewes.Paul of Caen is installed as Abbot of St. Albans in England; the building of St Albans Abbey Church commences.Pope Christodolos of Alexandria ends his reign as Coptic Pope.Dionysius V Lazaros becomes Syriac Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch.=== 1078 ======= By place ========== Europe ======July 11 – The Romanesque tympanum of Santiago de Compostela Cathedral in Galicia (Spain) is constructed.August 7 – Battle of Mellrichstadt: Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV defeats the German anti-king Rudolf of Swabia.Anselm is elected abbot of Bec Abbey, in Normandy.Approximate date – The White Tower of the Tower of London is begun, under the direction of Bishop Gundulf of Rochester.====== Asia ======Battle of Kalavrye: The Byzantine imperial forces of General Alexios I Komnenos are victorious over the rebellious governor of Dyrrhachium, Nikephoros Bryennios the Elder.Philaretos Brachamios abandons his claim to the Byzantine Empire, on being appointed Duke of Antioch, a foundation of the later Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia.By this year, the iron industry in Song Dynasty China is producing a total weight of 127,000,000 kg (125,000 t) of iron product per year.====== Africa ======The Almoravid emir, Yusuf ibn Tashfin, besieges Ceuta. Since the city can receive help from the sea, the siege will last until 1083.=== 1079 ===April 11 – Stanislaus of Szczepanów (Pol. Stanisław ze Szczepanowa), Bishop of Kraków, is murdered by Bolesław II the Bold, King of Poland, who flees the country, leaving his brother Władysław I Herman to succeed him.Persian astronomer Omar Khayyám computes the length of the year to be exactly 365.24219858156 days, the most accurate calculation of his time. Khayyam also, in his Treatise on Demonstrations of Problems in Algebra, produces a complete classification of cubic equations and their geometric solutions.Upon the death of Håkan the Red, Halsten returns as King of Sweden, jointly with his brother Inge the Elder.William I of England establishes the New Forest.Constance of Burgundy founds a monastery in Burgos.

Events from the year 1198 in Ireland.

Events from the 1280s in England.

Events from the year 1227 in Ireland.

Year 1228 (MCCXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1243 in Ireland.

1199 in Ireland

1263 in Ireland

121 BC

Events from the year 1229 in Ireland.

1200s may refer to:The century from 1200 to 1299, almost synonymous with the 13th century (1201–1300)The period from 1200 to 1209, known as the 1200s decadeTechnics SL-1200, a common turntable for DJing in dance and hip hop music

1180s in England

Year 1261 (MCCLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

The 1240s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1240, and ended on December 31, 1249.

1261 in Ireland

This is a summary of the 11th century in science and technology.Al-Biruni is regarded as one of the greatest scholars of 11th century and was well versed in physics, mathematics, astronomy, and natural sciences, and also distinguished himself as a historian, chronologist and linguist.Of the 146 books known to have been written by Bīrūnī, 95 were devoted to astronomy, mathematics, and related subjects like mathematical geography.

The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269.In Asia, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the supreme leader of the Mongol Empire, although his title was only partially recognized. After defeating his younger brother Ariq Böke, he moved his capital to Beijing; while he fought the southern Chinese Song Dynasty, the empire saw its first significant military defeats — first in Palestine at the hands of the Mamluks of Egypt, and later in the Caucasus. The Mamluks, led by their new sultan Baibars, quickly became a regional power in the Middle East by capturing a number of crusader states and repulsing Mongol attacks. The Empire of Nicaea succeeded in capturing Constantinople and the rest of the Latin Empire, thus re-establishing the Byzantine Empire.In Europe, political strife and territorial disputes led to widespread warfare around the continent. England witnessed the Second Barons' War, a civil war fought over the aristocracy's disillusionment with King Henry III's attempts to maintain an absolute monarchy. The pope of the Catholic Church, aligned against the Hohenstaufen dynasty of the Holy Roman Emperor, succeeded in eliminating the line when the last male heir, Conradin, was killed by papal ally Charles I of Sicily, a Frenchman. Meanwhile, King Otakar II of Bohemia became the most powerful prince in Europe, expanding his territories through both warfare and inheritance. In other developments, both Iceland and Greenland accepted the overlordship of Norway, but Scotland was able to repulse a Norse invasion and broker a favorable peace settlement. In Spain, the Reconquista continued as several important cities were recaptured from the Moors. Political reforms were instituted in the election procedures of the pope and the doges of Venice, and the parliaments of Ireland and England met for the first time.Several important cultural achievements were made in the decade, including publication of Roger Bacon's important scientific work Opus Majus and Thomas Aquinas' Summa contra Gentiles. Masterpieces of architecture and sculpture were completed at cathedrals around Europe, including the Cathedral of Chartres and Nicola Pisano's pulpits for the Duomo di Siena and Pisa's Baptistery. In religion, the Sukhothai kingdom in Thailand adopted Buddhism as its official religion. In Europe anti-Semitism intensified, as several authorities promulgated laws requiring Jews to wear identifying yellow badges, Jews were massacred in England, and the Talmud was attacked and censored by the Catholic Church.

Events from the year 1196 in Ireland.

Year 1254 (MCCLIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1221 in Ireland.

Events from the year 1237 in Ireland.

Year 1244 (MCCXLIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

The decade of the 1280s in art involved some significant events.

Year 1219 (MCCXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1188 in Ireland.

1237 in Ireland

Year 1218 (MCCXVIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

An incomplete list of events in Italy in 1241:Battle of Meloria (1241)The first Battle of Meloria took place on 3 May 1241 near Meloria islet, off Livorno, Italy. It was fought between the fleet of the emperor Frederick II, called Stupor Mundi, in alliance with Pisa, against a Genoese squadron bringing a number of English, French and Spanish prelates to attend the council summoned to meet at the Lateran by Pope Gregory IX. Three Genoese galleys were sunk and twenty-two taken.

The 1280s is the decade starting January 1, 1280 and ending December 31, 1289.Europe in the 1280s was marked by naval warfare on the Mediterranean and consolidation of power by the major states. Ongoing struggles over the control of Sicily provoked lengthy naval warfare: after the Sicilian Vespers rebellion, the French Angevins struggled against Aragon for control of the island. King Rudolph I of Germany established the Habsburg dynasty in Austria when he invested his two sons with power there. In England, King Edward I of England completed the conquest of Wales and annexed the territory via the Statute of Rhuddlan; he also constructed a series of castles in Wales to suppress any future rebellions. Edward I also established several important legal traditions, including a court system to hear claims on the king's behalf and a codification of the separation of church and state legal powers. The death of King Alexander III of Scotland fomented political wrangling in Scotland which would soon lead to increased English influence over Scotland. In Sweden, King Magnus I of Sweden founded a Swedish nobility.In Asia, the Mongols continued to expand their territories, although at a slower pace and with less success than in previous decades. Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty established control over the Khmer Empire in Cambodia, the Pagan Empire in Myanmar, and a kingdom of Laos, but failed a second attempted invasion of Japan and was twice defeated in attempted invasions of Vietnam. The Thai kingdoms of Lanna and Sukhothai also exercised power in the region, avoiding conflict with the Yuan Dynasty to the north. Across the continent in the Middle East, the Mamluk sultanate of Egypt continued to extinguish crusader states under the leadership of Qalawun, capturing Margat, Latakia, and the County of Tripoli. In Anatolia, Osman I became a local chief, or bey, planting the seed that would eventually grow into the Ottoman Empire.The 1280s was also a busy decade in culture. In Thailand, King Ramkhamhaeng the Great invented the Thai alphabet. In the Netherlands, the St. Lucia's flood killed 50,000 while creating the Zuider Zee, thus giving Amsterdam the sea access it would later need to rise to prominence as an important port. In legal reforms, King Edward I of England started the use of drawing and quartering as punishment for traitors, King Philip IV of France created the gabelle, an onerous tax on salt, and the Scots Parliament passed laws allowing women to propose marriage to men, but only in leap years. The northern branch of the Grand Canal of China was constructed during the first half of the decade, the Uppsala Cathedral was begun, and a partial collapse set back construction of the Cathédrale Saint-Pierre de Beauvais in a blow to the aspirations of its Gothic architecture. Colleges at the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge were founded. The cities of Al Mansurah, Egypt and Guiyang, China were founded, while Hamburg, Germany burnt to the ground in a catastrophic fire. Jews continued to be persecuted across Europe, while Taoists suffered under Kublai Khan's Yuan Dynasty in China.

Year 147 (CXLVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalinus and Largus (or, less frequently, year 900 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 147 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Year 1249 (MCCXLIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1251 in Ireland.

11th century in Wales

Year 1278 (MCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1271 in Ireland

Year 1255 (MCCLV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 120 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Manilius and Carbo (or, less frequently, year 634 Ab urbe condita) and the Third Year of Yuanshou. The denomination 120 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

This article concerns the period 129 BC – 120 BC.

Events from the year 1192 in Ireland.

Year 1196 (MCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1241 in Ireland.

1250s in England

1266 in Ireland

Events from the year 1184 in Ireland.

Year 1242 (MCCXLII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

A list of events which happened in 1268 in Italy:

Year 1239 (MCCXXXIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

The Eleventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1809 to March 4, 1811, during the first two years of James Madison's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Second Census of the United States in 1800. Both chambers had a Democratic-Republican majority.

Year 1273 (MCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 122 (CXXII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Aviola and Neratius (or, less frequently, year 875 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 122 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

1266 in Italy

1240s in England

Events from the year 1213 in Ireland.

Year 1236 (MCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1251 in Ireland

Year 1181 (MCLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1219 in Ireland

Year 1276 (MCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.It is the only Year of Four Popes.

Events from the year 1449 in Ireland.

Events from the year 1233 in Ireland.

Events from the year 1247 in Ireland.

1204 in Ireland

Events from the year 1217 in Ireland.

1490s in art

Year 1248 (MCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1232 in Ireland

Year 1282 (MCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1280s in art

Year 1240 (MCCXL) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1245 (MCCXLV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1241 in Italy

1192 in Ireland

Events from the 1250s in England.

120s BC

1243 in Ireland

Year 1283 (MCCLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1189 in Ireland

1449 in Ireland

Year 1275 (MCCLXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1268 (MCCLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

120347 Salacia (sal-AY-shee-ə or sə-LAY-shə), provisional designation 2004 SB60, is a trans-Neptunian object in the Kuiper belt, approximately 850 kilometers in diameter and almost certainly a dwarf planet. Its current distance is about 44.2 AU from the sun and apparent magnitude about 20.5.Salacia was discovered on 22 September 2004, by American astronomers Henry Roe, Michael Brown and Kristina Barkume at the Palomar Observatory in California, United States.

Events from the year 1195 in Ireland.

118 BC

The 1220s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1220, and ended on December 31, 1229.

Year 1277 (MCCLXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1227 in Ireland

Year 1210 (MCCX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1226 (MCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

120 BC

Events from the year 1225 in Ireland.

11th Avenue (Manhattan)

1248 in Italy

1184 in Ireland

Events from the 11th century in Canada.

1200s in England

1248 in Ireland

Year 1279 A.D (MCCLXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1201 in Ireland

Events from the year 1232 in Ireland.

1216 in Ireland

Events from the 1270s in England.

Year 1193 (MCXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1235 in Ireland

Events from the year 1244 in Ireland.

Year 1209 (MCCIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1204 in Ireland.

Events during the year 1199 in Ireland.

Year 1229 (MCCXXIX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1221 in Ireland

Year 1189 (MCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In English law, 1189 - specifically the beginning of the reign of Richard I - is considered the end of time immemorial.

Year 1206 (MCCVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1273 in Ireland

1210s in England

Events from the 1190s in England.

1280s in England

The decade of the 1490s in art involved some significant events.

Year 1257 (MCCLVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1208 (MCCVIII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 124 (CXXIV) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Glabrio and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 877 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 124 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events from the year 1260 in Ireland.

Year 118 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cato and Rex (or, less frequently, year 636 Ab urbe condita) and the Fifth Year of Yuanshou. The denomination 118 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

1181 in Ireland

Events from the year 1273 in Ireland.

1196 in Ireland

1268 in Italy

Events from the year 1183 in Ireland.

Year 127 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Ravilla and Cinna (or, less frequently, year 627 Ab urbe condita) and the Second Year of Yuanshuo. The denomination 127 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events from the year 1248 in Ireland.

Year 1271 (MCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1216 in Ireland.

125 BC

Year 1222 (MCCXXII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1257 in Ireland.

11th United States Congress

1268 in Ireland

Events from the year 1208 in Ireland.

Year 1238 (MCCXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1252 in Ireland.

1260 in Italy

1234 in Ireland

Year 1188 (MCLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

12-metre class

Events from the year 1261 in Ireland.

1230s in England

122 BC

11th millennium BC

1217 in Ireland

119 BC

Year 1266 (MCCLXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1202 in Ireland

Year 1250 (MCCL) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

The 1250s decade ran from January 1, 1250, to December 31, 1259.

Events from the year 1203 in Ireland.

120347 Salacia

Year 1204 (MCCIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

The 1230s was a decade of the Julian Calendar which began on January 1, 1230, and ended on December 31, 1239.

1215 in Ireland

Year 1212 (MCCXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 1213 (MCCXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1211 in Ireland.

1229 in Ireland

Events from the year 1207 in Ireland.

1190s in England

1241 in Ireland

Year 1205 (MCCV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

The 1260s is the decade starting January 1, 1260 and ending December 31, 1269.In Asia, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the supreme leader of the Mongol Empire, although his title was only partially recognized. After defeating his younger brother Ariq Böke, he moved his capital to Beijing; while he fought the southern Chinese Song Dynasty, the empire saw its first significant military defeats — first in Palestine at the hands of the Mamluks of Egypt, and later in the Caucasus.

Events from the year 1264 in Ireland.

The 1270s is the decade starting January 1, 1270, and ending December 31, 1279.In Europe, power struggles within the Holy Roman Empire escalated into civil war as the 23-year interregnum without an emperor came to an end. Election of Rudolph I of Germany as King of Germany over Otakar II of Bohemia in 1273 led to open war in 1276 and Otakar's death in 1278 at the climactic Battle of Marchfeld.

Events from the 1040s in England.

1195 in Ireland

1260s in England

1233 in Ireland

1203 in Ireland

Year 1256 (MCCLVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

An incomplete list of events in Italy in 1260:Battle of Montaperti, an important event which was fought on September 4, 1260, between Florence and Siena in Tuscany as part of the conflict between the Guelphs and Ghibellines.

Year 1224 (MCCXXIV) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1200 in Ireland

1280 in Ireland

This article is about the particular significance of the century 1001 - 1100 to Wales and its people.

Year 1093 (MXCIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

118th United States Congress

Year 125 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hypsaeus and Flaccus (or, less frequently, year 629 Ab urbe condita) and the Fourth Year of Yuanshuo. The denomination 125 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

1188 in Ireland

1237 in Italy

Events from the year 1276 in Ireland.

Year 1232 (MCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1190 in Ireland.

Year 1234 (MCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Year 120 (CXX) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Fulvus (or, less frequently, year 873 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 120 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

Events from the year 1268 in Ireland.

1242 in Ireland

An incomplete list of events in Italy in 1241:Battle of Meloria (1241)The first Battle of Meloria took place on 3 May 1241 near Meloria islet, off Livorno, Italy. It was fought between the fleet of the emperor Frederick II, called Stupor Mundi, in alliance with Pisa, against a Genoese squadron bringing a number of English, French and Spanish prelates to attend the council summoned to meet at the Lateran by Pope Gregory IX. Three Genoese galleys were sunk and twenty-two taken. Several of the prelates perished, and many were carried prisoners to the camp of the emperor.

Year 1252 (MCCLII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the 1200s in England.

560Year 1216 (MCCXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1215 in Ireland.

Events from the year 1219 in Ireland.

1247 in Ireland

Events from the year 1186 in Ireland.

Year 1190 (MCXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1208 in Ireland

Events from the 1230s in England.

Year 121 BC was a year of the pre-Julian Roman calendar. At the time it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Opimius and Allobrogicus (or, less frequently, year 633 Ab urbe condita) and the Second Year of Yuanshou. The denomination 121 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years.

The 120s decade ran from January 1, 120, to December 31, 129.== Events ===== 120 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======Emperor Hadrian visits Britain.Foss Dyke is constructed in Britain.An Indian ambassadorial contingent visits with Hadrian.Suetonius becomes Hadrian's secretary ab epistolis.Approximate dateLegio IX Hispana last known to be in existence.Market Gate of Miletus built at Miletos. (Moved in modern times to Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Antikensammlung.)====== Asia ======Change of era name from Yuanchu (7th year) to Yongning of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty.The Scythians dominate western India: Punjab, Sind, the north of Gujarat and a portion of central India.=== 121 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======Roman settlement in present-day Wiesbaden, Germany is first mentioned.Emperor Hadrian fixes the border between Roman Britain and Caledonia on a line running from the River Tyne to the Solway Firth.Construction of the Temple of Venus and Roma begins in Rome.====== Asia ======Era name changes from Yongning (2nd year) to Jianguang in the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty.=== 122 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======Emperor Hadrian orders that a 73-mile (117-kilometer) wall be built to mark the northern Roman Empire while personally visiting the area. Hadrian's Wall, as it comes to be known, is intended to keep the Caledonians, Picts and other tribes at bay.Vindolanda a Roman auxiliary fort (castrum) in northern England is garrisoned by cohort VIIII Batavorum.September 13 – The building of Hadrian's Wall begins.Hadrian gives up the territories conquered in Scotland.====== Asia ======Change of era name from Jianguang (2nd year) to Yanguang of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty.=== 123 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======Emperor Hadrian averts a war with Parthia by a personal meeting with Osroes I.Housesteads Fort is constructed on Hadrian's Wall north of Bardon Mill.Hadrian's Villa at Tivoli is built.====== Europe ======Mug Nuadat defeats the High King of Ireland, Conn of the Hundred Battles.====== Asia ======In China, Ban Yong, son of Ban Chao, reestablishes the Chinese control over the Tarim Basin.The Chinese government establishes Aide of the Western Regions over the Tarim Basin.==== By topic ========== Arts and sciences ======Chinese scientist Zhang Heng corrects the calendar to bring it into line with the four seasons.=== 124 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======Emperor Hadrian begins to rebuild the Olympeion in Athens.Antinous becomes Hadrian's beloved companion on his journeys through the Roman Empire.During a voyage to Greece, Hadrian is initiated in the ancient rites known as the Eleusinian Mysteries.====== Asia ======In northern India, Nahapana, king of the Scythians, is defeated and dies in battle while fighting against King Andhra Gautamiputra Satakarni. This defeat destroys the Scythian dynasty of Ksaharâtas.=== 125 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======The Pantheon is constructed in (Rome) as it stands today by Hadrian.Emperor Hadrian establishes the Panhellenion.Hadrian distributes imperial lands to small farmers.Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is started to be built (approximate date).====== Africa ======Plague sweeps North Africa in the wake of a locust invasion that destroys large areas of cropland. The plague kills as many as 500,000 in Numidia and possibly 150,000 on the coast before moving to Italy, where it takes so many lives that villages and towns are abandoned.====== Asia ======Last (4th) year of the Yanguang era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.Change of emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty from Han Andi to Marquis of Beixiang, then to Han Shundi.Gautamiputra Satakarni, a king of the Andhra dynasty, destroys the kingdom of Maharashtra near Bombay. He now controls central India from coast to coast.Zhang Heng of Han Dynasty China invents a hydraulic-powered armillary sphere.==== By topic ========== Arts and sciences ======The Satires of Juvenal intimate that bread and circuses (panem et circenses) keep the Roman people happy.====== Religion ======Pope Telesphorus succeeds Pope Sixtus I as the eighth pope.=== 126 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======The old Pantheon is demolished by Hadrian and the construction of a new one begins.====== Asia ======First year of the Yongjian era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.=== 127 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======Emperor Hadrian returns to Rome after a seven year voyage to the Roman provinces.Hadrian, acting on the advice of his proconsul of Asia, Minucius Fundanus, determines that Christians shall not be put to death without a trial.====== India ======Kanishka I starts to rule in Kushan Empire (approximate date).==== By topic ========== Religion ======The philosopher Carpocrates rejects ownership of private property as being un-Christian.=== 128 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======Emperor Hadrian visits the Roman province of North Africa, in order to inspect Legio III Augusta stationed at Lambaesis. For strategic reasons the legionnaires are located in the Aurès Mountains.Hadrian's Wall is completed in Britain. Built mostly of stone in the east and with a wooden palisade in the west. They construct at least 16 forts, about 15,000 legionaries digging ditches, quarrying rock and cutting stone, preventing idleness which led to unrest and rebellions in the ranks.Roman agriculture declines as imports from Egypt and North Africa depress wheat prices, making it unprofitable to farm and forcing many farmers off the land.Roman bakeries produce dozens of bread varieties, and the Romans distribute free bread for the poor.Hadrian begins his inspection of the provinces of Greece, Asia Minor and Egypt.====== Asia ======King Gaeru of Baekje succeeds to the throne of Baekje in the Korean peninsula.==== By topic ========== Arts and sciences ======The fossils of large prehistoric animals are discovered in Dalmatia.Pantheon, Rome is finished.=== 129 ======= By place ========== Roman Empire ======A defense for Numidia is constructed at Lambaesis by Legio III Augusta.Emperor Hadrian continues his voyages, now inspecting Caria, Cappadocia and Syria.==== By topic ========== Religion ======Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Diogenes to Eleutherius.

Year 1087 (MLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events from the year 1200 in Ireland.

1198 in Ireland

Events from the year 1280 in Ireland.

1183 in Ireland

1040s in England

Year 1243 (MCCXLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

1260 in Ireland

1213 in Ireland

1283 in Ireland

11 BC

1257 in Ireland

1270 in Ireland

1210 in Ireland

1205 in Ireland

1252 in Ireland

1244 in Ireland

126 BC

The 1270s is the decade starting January 1, 1270, and ending December 31, 1279.In Europe, power struggles within the Holy Roman Empire escalated into civil war as the 23-year interregnum without an emperor came to an end. Election of Rudolph I of Germany as King of Germany over Otakar II of Bohemia in 1273 led to open war in 1276 and Otakar's death in 1278 at the climactic Battle of Marchfeld. The resultant power structure in central Europe firmly established the Habsburg dynasty's rule, one that would continue in Austria and other regional territories until the end of World War I in 1918. King Edward I of England returned from the Eighth Crusade to take the throne and was able to subjugate Wales by the end of the decade; Scotland quelled an uprising on the Isle of Man, in doing so confirming the concession of that territory made in 1266 by Norway in the Treaty of Perth. The Statute of Westminster established a series of individuals' rights in England. Both the Eighth Crusade and Ninth Crusade were brief efforts that quickly ended in failure, with King Louis IX of France dying during the former.In Asia, the Mongols continued expanding their territories. Kublai Khan moved his capital to present-day Beijing and renamed his empire the Yuan Dynasty, reflecting the new eastward focus of the empire. The Yuan Dynasty conquered the Southern Song Dynasty of China by the end of the decade. By this time the Mongols had subjugated most of continental Asia. The conquest of Southern Song witnessed the first use of firearms in war. The western Ilkhanate established a capital at Tabriz, in present-day Iran. The Mongols were able to quell the Sambyeolcho Rebellion in Korea and defeat the Nakhi and Pagan Empires, but failed an attempted invasion of Japan in 1274. Marco Polo reached Kublai Khan's summer court Shangdu by 1275, and stayed with the court for over 20 years.The Mamluk sultanate of Egypt continued to expand its territory and dodge two crusades—the Eighth Crusade never reached its intended target, and the Ninth rapidly became a failure. The sultan Baibars was successful in expanding his territory as far north as the Sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, east into Syria, and south into Makurian Nubia. After Baibars died in 1277, his successor Qalawun continued expansionist policies.European culture witnessed the arrival of several important scientific works in translation from centuries-old Arabic sources, including Alhazen's work on optics and Al-Razi's medical works. The two major surveys of the English census known as the Hundred Rolls were conducted. Thomas Aquinas completed his seminal work Summa Theologica late in 1273, and died in 1274. Leadership of the Catholic Church attempted to address the East-West Schism of the church through the Second Council of Lyons, but despite apparent success the effort was ultimately doomed to fail. In Japan, Nichiren continued to lead a life that would come to be revered in Nichiren Buddhism.In North America, a severe 23-year drought began in the Grand Canyon area, which would eventually force the local Anasazi people to emigrate from the region.

1270s in England

1231 in Ireland