Reduced cream is a dairy product sold in New Zealand by Nestlé. It is claimed to contain "38% less fat than thickened cream". It is sold in cans and does not require refrigeration.

Reduction (also Flynns) is an unincorporated community in South Huntingdon Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. United States. The community is located on the Youghiogheny River. Its population is 60, down from a peak of 400.

Reduced vertical separation minima or minimum (RVSM) is the reduction, from 2,000 feet to 1,000 feet, of the standard vertical separation required between aircraft flying between flight level 290 (29,000 ft) and flight level 410 (41,000 ft). Expressed in the International System of Units (SI), it is the reduction, from 600 m to 300 m, of required vertical separation of aircraft between altitudes 8,850 and 12,500 m. This reduction in vertical separation minima therefore increases the number of aircraft that can fly in a particular volume of controlled airspace.

Reduced Instruction Set Computing

Reduced echelon form

Reductions

Reduce is a general-purpose computer algebra system geared towards applications in physics. The development of the Reduce computer algebra system was started in the 1960s by Anthony C. Hearn. Since then, many scientists from all over the world have contributed to its development under his direction. Reduce is written entirely in its own LISP dialect called Portable Standard Lisp, expressed in an ALGOL-like syntax called . The latter is used as a basis for Reduce's user-level language. Implementations of Reduce are available on most variants of Unix, Linux, Microsoft Windows, or Apple Macintosh systems by using an underlying Portable Standard Lisp or implementation. Reduce was open sourced in December 2008 and is available for free under a modified BSD license on SourceForge. Previously it had cost $695.

The Reduced-Moderation Water Reactor (RMWR), also referred to as the Resource-renewable BWR, is a proposed type of light water moderated nuclear power reactor, featuring some characteristics of a fast neutron reactor, thereby combining the established and proven technology of light water reactors with the desired features of fast neutron reactors. The RMWR concept builds upon the Advanced Boiling Water Reactor and is under active development in theoretical studies, particularly in Japan. Hitachi and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency are both involved in research. Even in Generation II PWRs, the neutron spectrum is not fully thermalised. The goal of the RMWR is to depart further from the thermal neutron spectrum in order to achieve a breeder ratio of slightly greater than one, so that after the initial fuel charge no enrichment of the uranium input to the fuel cycle is required. The RMWR concept is dependent on nuclear fuel reprocessing in order to achieve its objective of a resource renewable fuel cycle. Hitachi has proposed the FLUOREX process as reprocessing technology for this purpose, instead of the more conventional Purex technology. In contrast to regular light water reactors and in order to achieve a harder neutron spectrum, which is optimal for breeding purposes, the RMWR uses hexagonal fuel assemblies and Y-shaped control rods. The fuel is MOX (Mixed Oxide), consisting of 18% plutonium, which is surrounded by depleted uranium in the blanket region. The RMWR has an electric output of 1356 MWe, or 3926 MWth. Another RMWR breeder design intends on closing the nuclear fuel cycle by mixing thorium with reprocessed transuranics, which include plutonium, in a thorium containing MOX fuel. The neutron speed would be in the spectrum that could purportedly transmutate the long-lived fission products like Tc-99 & I-127 and as the neutron spectrum is hard/fast enough, to also be capable of burning the usually troublesome minor actinides quite efficiently. Hitachi announced a collaboration with three U.S. universities on the development of the RBWR/RMWR in 2014.

In code optimization during the translation of computer programs into an executable form, and in mathematical reduction generally, a reduction strategy for a term rewriting system determines which reducible subterms (or reducible expressions, redexes) should be reduced (contracted) within a term; it may be the case that a term may contain multiple redexes which are disjoint from one another and that choosing to contract one redex before another may have no influence on the resulting reduced form of the term, or that the redexes in a term do overlap and that choosing to contract one of the overlapping redexes over the other may result in a different reduced form of the term. It is the choice of which redex at each step in the reduction to contract that determines the strategy chosen. This c

Reduced dimensions form

Reductio is open source software written using the Java Programming Language from an idea that originated in a research paper called QuickCheck: A Lightweight Tool for Random Testing of Haskell Programs. Reductio and QuickCheck utilise a testing technique called .

Reducing Agent

Reduced segol

In music, a reduction is an arrangement or transcription of an existing score or composition in which complexity is lessened to make analysis, performance, or practice easier or clearer; the number of parts may be reduced or rhythm may be simplified, such as through the use of block chords.

Reduced patach

In universal algebra and in model theory, a reduct of an algebraic structure is obtained by omitting some of the operations and relations of that structure. The converse of "reduct" is "expansion."

Reduction is a surgical procedure to repair a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. This sense of the term "reduction" does not imply any sort of removal or quantitative decrease but rather implies a restoration: re ("back [to initial position]") + ducere ("lead"/"bring"), i.e., "bringing back to normal". When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their normal anatomical position. Orthopedic surgery attempts to recreate the normal anatomy of the fractured bone by reduction of the displacement. Reduction could be by "closed" or "open" methods.
* Open reduction is where the fracture fragments are exposed surgically by dissecting the tissues.
* Closed reduction is the manipulation of the bone fragments without surgical exposure of the fragments. Because the process of reduction can briefly be intensely painful, it is commonly done under a short-acting anesthetic, sedative, or nerve block. Once the fragments are reduced, the reduction is maintained by application of casts, traction, or held by plates, screws, or other implants, which may in turn be external or internal. It is very important to verify the accuracy of reduction by clinical tests and X-ray, especially in the case with joint dislocations.(See also: Intravenous regional anesthesia)

Reduced Segol

Reducing the risks of Asthma

Reduced form model

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation

Reduction is a surgical procedure to repair a fracture or dislocation to the correct alignment. This sense of the term "reduction" does not imply any sort of removal or quantitative decrease but rather implies a restoration: re ("back [to initial position]") + ducere ("lead"/"bring"), i.e., "bringing back to normal". When a bone fractures, the fragments lose their alignment in the form of displacement or angulation. For the fractured bone to heal without any deformity the bony fragments must be re-aligned to their normal anatomical position. Orthopedic surgery attempts to recreate the normal anatomy of the fractured bone by reduction of the displacement.

Reduced row-echelon form

Reductio ad hitleram

Reduced properties

Reduced to Ashes (Memorain album)

Capitulation of all the French fortresses held by governors sympathetic to the Bonapartist regime

Reduced gas

Reduction of Hours of Work (Glass-Bottle Works) Convention, 1935 (shelved)

Reduced nervous stimulation

Reduchów [rɛˈduxuf] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Szadek, within Zduńska Wola County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately 10 kilometres (6 mi) west of Szadek, 13 km (8 mi) north-west of Zduńska Wola, and 44 km (27 mi) west of the regional capital Łódź.

Reduced-Price Lunch Program

Reduction systems

Reduced Planck Constant

Reduce Residue System

Reductacryl

Reduced Conflict Intersections

In statistics, and particularly in econometrics, the reduced form of a system of equations is the result of solving the system for the endogenous variables. This gives the latter as functions of the exogenous variables, if any. In econometrics, the equations of a structural form model are estimated in their theoretically given form, while an alternative approach to estimation is to first solve the theoretical equations for the endogenous variables to obtain reduced form equations, and then to estimate the reduced form equations.

Reduced dental epithelium

Reduced coupling constant

Reducible complexity

Reduced pressure zone device

Reduction to practice

Reduchów

In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a reduction is an algorithm for transforming one problem into another problem. A sufficiently efficient reduction from one problem to another may be used to show that the second problem is at least as difficult as the first. We write A ≤m B, usually with a subscript on the ≤ to indicate the type of reduction being used (m : mapping reduction, p : polynomial reduction).

Reductions or in Spanish reducciones, also called 'congregaciones', (Portuguese: redução, plural reduções) were settlements created by Spanish rulers in Spanish America and the Spanish East Indies. The Spanish relocated, forcibly if necessary, native inhabitants of their colonies (the indios) into settlements which were modeled on towns and villages in Spain. In Portuguese-speaking Latin America, reductions were also called aldeias.

Reduced To Ashes

Reduced head

Reduced price meal

Reductionist science

Reduced-carrier transmission is an amplitude modulation (AM) transmission in which the carrier signal level is reduced to reduce wasted electrical power. Suppressed-carrier transmission is a special case in which the carrier level is reduced below that required for demodulation by a normal receiver. FM stereo transmissions use a double-sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC) signal from a stereo generator, together with a pilot tone of exactly half the original carrier frequency. This allows reconstitution of the original stereo carrier, and hence the stereo signal.

Reduction formula

Reduced to Ashes Book

Reduced ordered binary decision diagram

In mathematics, reduced homology is a minor modification made to homology theory in algebraic topology, designed to make a point have all its homology groups zero. This change is required to make statements without some number of exceptional cases (Alexander duality being an example). If P is a single-point space, then with the usual definitions the integral homology group H0(P) is isomorphic to (an infinite cyclic group), while for i ≥ 1 we have Hi(P) = {0}. In the usual definition of homology of a space X, we consider the chain complex and define the homology groups by . for positive n and .

Reduced hybrid fertility

In cooking, reduction is the process of thickening and intensifying the flavor of a liquid mixture such as a soup, sauce, wine, or juice by simmering or boiling. Reduction is performed by simmering or boiling a liquid such as stock, fruit or vegetable juices, wine, vinegar, or a sauce until the desired concentration is reached by evaporation. This is done without a lid, enabling the vapor to escape from the mixture. Different components of the liquid will evaporate at slightly different temperatures, and the goal of reduction is to drive away those with lowest points of evaporation.

Reducin [rɛˈdut͡ɕin] is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Górzno, within Garwolin County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately 6 kilometres (4 mi) south-east of Garwolin and 62 km (39 mi) south-east of Warsaw.

Reduction (abstract rewriting)

Reductio ad hitlerum

Reduced (ring theory)

Reduction drives

Reducible representation

The Reducing Excessive Deadline Obligations Act of 2013 (H.R. 2279) is a bill that would change the frequency of reports from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) about solid waste regulations. Instead of being forced to automatically review the regulations every three years, the EPA would be able to review them on an as needed basis. It would also grant precedence to state financial requirements for hazardous substances over federal requirements. The bill was introduced on June 6, 2013 into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

The Reduced Shakespeare Company (RSC) is a touring American acting troupe that performs fast-paced, seemingly improvisational condensations of huge topics. The company's style has been described as "New Vaudeville," combining both physical and verbal humor, as well as highbrow and lowbrow. Known as the "Bad Boys of Abridgment," the RSC has created ten stage shows: The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (abridged) in 1987, The Complete History of America (abridged) in 1992, The Bible: The Complete Word of God (abridged) in 1995, The Complete Millennium Musical (abridged) in 1998, All the Great Books (abridged) in 2002, Completely Hollywood (abridged) in 2005, "The Complete World of Sports (abridged)" in 2010, The Ultimate Christmas Show (abridged) in 2011, The Complete History of Comedy

Reduced vowels in English

Reductions (disambiguation)

Reduction of Hours of Work (Glass-Bottle Works) Convention

Reducetarianism

Reductio ad Stalinum

Reduced media independent interface

Reduced fat milk

Reduction of order is a technique in mathematics for solving second-order linear ordinary differential equations. It is employed when one solution is known and a second linearly independent solution is desired. The method also applies to n-th order equations. In this case the ansatz will yield an (n-1)-th order equation for .

Reduction and oxidation

Reduction oxidation

In statistics, and particularly in econometrics, the reduced form of a system of equations is the result of solving the system for the endogenous variables. This gives the latter as functions of the exogenous variables, if any. In econometrics, the equations of a structural form model are estimated in their theoretically given form, while an alternative approach to estimation is to first solve the theoretical equations for the endogenous variables to obtain reduced form equations, and then to estimate the reduced form equations. Let Y be the vector of the variables to be explained (endogeneous variables) by a statistical model and X be the vector of explanatory (exogeneous) variables. In addition let be a vector of error terms. Then the general expression of a structural form is , where f is a function, possibly from vectors to vectors in the case of a multiple-equation model. The reduced form of this model is given by , with g a function.

Reducing is a 1931 American Pre-Code comedy film directed by Charles Reisner and written by Beatrice Banyard, Robert E. Hopkins, Willard Mack and Zelda Sears. The film stars Marie Dressler, Polly Moran, Anita Page, Lucien Littlefield, William Collier, Jr. and Sally Eilers. The film was released on January 3, 1931, by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.

Reduction system

Any subset R of the integers is called a reduced residue system modulo n if: 1.
* gcd(r, n) = 1 for each r contained in R; 2.
* R contains φ(n) elements; 3.
* no two elements of R are congruent modulo n. Here denotes Euler's totient function. A reduced residue system modulo n can be formed from a complete residue system modulo n by removing all integers not relatively prime to n. For example, a complete residue system modulo 12 is {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11}. The so-called totatives 1, 5, 7 and 11 are the only integers in this set which are relatively prime to 12, and so the corresponding reduced residue system modulo 12 is {1,5,7,11}. The cardinality of this set can be calculated with the totient function: . Some other reduced residue systems modulo 12 are:
* {13,17,19,23}
* {−11,−7,−5,−1}
* {−7,−13,13,31}
* {35,43,53,61}

Reductions with metal alkoxyaluminium hydrides are chemical reactions that involve either the net hydrogenation of an unsaturated compound or the replacement of a reducible functional group with hydrogen by metal alkoxyaluminium hydride reagents.

Reduction of summands is an algorithm for fast binary multiplication of non-signed binary integers. It is performed in three steps: production of summands, reduction of summands, and summation.

Reduction of singularities

Reduced chi-squared

A reducer is the component in a pipeline that reduces the pipe size from a larger to a smaller bore (inner diameter). The length of the reduction is usually equal to the average of the larger and smaller pipe diameters. There are two main types of reducer: concentric and eccentric reducers. A reducer can be used either as nozzle or as diffuser depending on the mach number of the flow. A reducer allows for a change in pipe size to meet hydraulic flow requirements of the system, or to adapt to existing piping of a different size. Reducers are usually concentric but eccentric reducers are used when required to maintain the same top-or bottom-of-pipe level. These fittings are manufactured in inch and metric size.

Reduce function

Reducing ion

Reduction mod p

Reduction relation

Reductive condition

Reducing the invention to practice

In biophysics and related fields, reduced dimension forms (RDFs) are unique on-off mechanisms for random walks that generate two-state trajectories (see Fig. 1 for an example of a RDF and Fig. 2 for an example of a two-state trajectory). It has been shown that RDFs solve two-state trajectories, since only one RDF can be constructed from the data, where this property does not hold for on-off kinetic schemes, where many kinetic schemes can be constructed from a particular two-state trajectory (even from an ideal on-off trajectory). Two-state time trajectories are very common in measurements in chemistry, physics, and the biophysics of individual molecules (e.g. measurements of protein dynamics and DNA and RNA dynamics, activity of ion channels, enzyme activity, quantum dots ), thus making R

Reduced calorie

Reduced enamel epitheliums

Reduced Weights

Reduced pressure principle BFP

Reduced Space Symbology

A reduced fare program refers to special programs providing particular passengers with a discounted fare option for travel on a public transport system. In the United States, public transportation systems that receive federal funding are required to offer, at minimum, half fares to the elderly and handicapped persons during off peak travel.Some transportation systems also extend reduced fare options to youth, students, military personnel, and low-income passengers.

Reduction criterion

Reduction's formulas

A reduced-gravity aircraft is a type of fixed-wing aircraft that provides brief near-weightless environments for training astronauts, conducting research and making gravity-free movie shots. Versions of such airplanes were operated by the . The unofficial nickname "vomit comet" became popular among those who experienced their operation.

Reduced to Ashes (2006) is an album by Greek metal band Memorain.

Reductions with hydrosilanes are chemical reactions that involve the combination of an organosilane (R3SiH) with an organic substrate containing unsaturated or electron-withdrawing functionality. Products in which the electron-withdrawing group has been replaced by hydrogen or the unsaturated group has been hydrogenated result.

Reduced-price meal is a term used in the United States to describe a federally reimbursable meal, or snack, served to a qualified child when the family of the child's income is between 130 and 185 percent of the US federal poverty threshold. Schools may not charge more than US$0.40 for reduced-price lunches, nor more than US$0.30 for reduced-price breakfasts.

Reduced kamatz

Reduction To Practice

Reduced chi-square

Reduction half reaction

Reducing equivalent

Reduced eyes

Reduction of capital or capital reduction is to decrease stock of a company. During reduction of capital, sometimes the company returns a portion of the stock of a company to shareholder.

Reduced group

Reductio ab absurdo

Reductions with diimide are a chemical reactions that convert unsaturated organic compounds to reduced alkane products. In the process, diimide (N2H2) is oxidized to dinitrogen.

Reducing Agents

Reduction of order

A reduced pressure zone device (RPZD, RPZ, or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination. RPZDs may also be known as reduced pressure principle (RP), reduced pressure principle backflow prevention devices, reduced pressure zone assemblies (RPZA), or reduced pressure principle assembly (RPPA). Backflow preventers are categorized into three groupings, an Assembly, a Device or a Method. With the exception of elimination, these are the only ways one can control backflow from taking place.

Reducing Excessive Deadline Obligations Act of 2013

In quantum mechanics, especially in the study of open quantum systems, reduced dynamics refers to the time evolution of a density matrix for a system coupled to an environment. Consider a system and environment initially in the state (which in general may be entangled) and undergoing unitary evolution given by . Then the reduced dynamics of the system alone is simply If we assume that the mapping is linear and completely positive, then the reduced dynamics can be represented by a quantum operation. This mean we can express it in the operator-sum form

Reduced to Ashes is the fifth full-length studio album by the American death metal band Deeds of Flesh. It was released in 2003.

In mathematics, the reduced derivative is a generalization of the notion of derivative that is well-suited to the study of functions of bounded variation. Although functions of bounded variation have derivatives in the sense of Radon measures, it is desirable to have a derivative that takes values in the same space as the functions themselves. Although the precise definition of the reduced derivative is quite involved, its key properties are quite easy to remember:
* it is a multiple of the usual derivative wherever it exists;
* at jump points, it is a multiple of the jump vector.

Reduced Lateral Separation Minima (RLAT or RLatSM), is an aeronautical flight term identifying the reduction from standard lateral separation minima between aircraft to a lower amount deemed safe, first introduced on the North Atlantic in December 2015 for the North Atlantic Tracks.

Reduced gradient bubble model

Reduced-Size Multimedia Card

Reduced Mass

In thermodynamics, the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables normalized by the fluid's state properties at its critical point. These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor, provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of corresponding states. Reduced properties are also used to define the Peng–Robinson equation of state, a model designed to provide reasonable accuracy near the critical point. They are also used to critical exponents, which describe the behaviour of physical quantities near continuous phase transitions.

Reduced Vertical Separation Minimums

Reducing end xylose-releasing exo-oligoxylanase

Reduced volume

After the defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo and the advance on Paris by the Coalition armies during the months of June and July 1815, although they besieged and took some towns and fortresses as they advance, they bypassed many of them and detached forces to observe and reduce them. The last of the French fortresses did not capitulate until September of that year.

Reductio ad Nazium

Reducible manifold

Reduced-price meal is a term used in the United States to describe a federally reimbursable meal, or snack, served to a qualified child when the family of the child's income is between 130 and 185 percent of the US federal poverty threshold. Schools may not charge more than US$0.40 for reduced-price lunches, nor more than US$0.30 for reduced-price breakfasts. Potential effectiveness of the program has been reduced by students' selective consumption of meal servings. In 2014 the journal Public Health Nutrition wrote: "Plate waste was estimated from 899 lunch trays; 535 elementary and 364 middle-school students. Only 45% of elementary and 34% middle-school students selected a vegetable. Elementary-school students wasted more than a third of grain, fruit and vegetable menu items. Middle-school students left nearly 50% of fresh fruit, 37% of canned fruit and nearly a third of vegetables unconsumed. Less than half of the students met the national meal standards for vitamins A and C, or Fe."

The reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM) is an algorithm developed by Dr Bruce Wienke for calculating decompression stops needed for a particular dive profile. It is related to the Varying Permeability Model. but is conceptually different in that it rejects the gel-bubble model of the varying permeability model.

Reduction of Order

Reduced Genome

Reduction of capital

Reduced folate carrier type 1

A Reducing Machine was a type of pantograph lathe used until the 21st century to manufacture coin dies. Prior to the machine's introduction, designs were cut by hand into metal dies by a specialist engraver. The reducing machine changed this by allowing artists to create designs on a larger surface area and then have them scaled down and cut into a die automatically. The most successful version of the machine, created by Victor Janvier, was used by mints all around the world including the US Mint who operated one as late as 2008 when it was replaced by CNC milling machines.

Reduced Interframe Space (RIFS) is one of the new features introduced in IEEE 802.11n to improve its efficiency. RIFS is the time in micro seconds by which the multiple transmissions from a single station is separated. RIFS is used when no SIFS separated response frames are expected from the receiver. The value of RIFS is 2μs for 802.11n phy. The use of RIFS is obsolete from 802.11ac amendment onwards. An 802.11ac station will not transmit frames separated by RIFS. So a 11ac station operating in HT mode sets the RIFS mode field in HT operation element to 0.

Reduction fishery

Reduced dimensions forms

Reductio

Reduction of Hours of Work (Public Works) Convention, 1936 is an International Labour Organization Convention. It was established in 1936, with the preamble stating: Considering that the question of the reduction of hours of work on public works undertaken or subsidised by Governments is the third item on the agenda of the Session;,...

Reduced-oxygen environment

Reduction of Hours of Work (Glass-Bottle Works) Convention, 1935 (shelved) is an International Labour Organization Convention. It was established in 1935, with the preamble stating: Considering that the question of the reduction of hours of work is the sixth item on the agenda of the Session; Confirming the principle laid down in the Forty-Hour Week Convention, 1935, including the maintenance of the standard of living; Having determined to give effect to this reduction forthwith in the case of glass-bottle works,...

Reduction (computer science)

Reduced glutathione

Reduced to Ashes

Reduce harm

Reduced planck's constant

Reducor

Reduced Gravity Student Flight Opportunities Program

Reduction of compound lotteries

Reduced-dissuaded demand

Reducetarian Foundation

In United States patent law, the reduction to practice is the step in the formation of an invention beyond the conception thereof. Reduction to practice may be either actual (the invention is actually carried out and is found to work for its intended purpose) or constructive (a patent application having a sufficient disclosure is filed). The date of reduction to practice was critical to the determination of priority between inventors in an interference proceeding under the discontinued first-to-invent system as well as for swearing behind a reference under that system. Conception is the "formation in the mind of the inventor, of a definite and permanent idea of the complete and operative invention, as it is hereafter to be applied in practice." Hybritech Inc. v. Monoclonal Antibodies, Inc., 802 F.2d 1367, 1376 (Fed. Cir. 1986) (quoting 1 Robinson On Patents 532 (1890). The reduction to practice of an invention can either be:
* Actual reduction to practice: "[R]equires that the claimed invention work[s] for its intended purpose." Brunswick Corp. v. U.S., 34 Fed. Cl. 532, 584 (1995).
* Constructive reduction to practice: "[O]ccurs upon the filing of a patent application on the claimed invention." Brunswick Corp. v. U.S., 34 Fed. Cl. 532, 584 (1995).
* "Simultaneous conception and reduction to practice": "In some instances, such as the discovery of genes or chemicals, an inventor is unable to establish a conception until he has reduced the invention to practice through a successful experiment." The Regents of the University of California v. Synbiotics Co., 849 F.Supp. 740, 742 (S.D.Cal., 1994) (citing Amgen, Inc. v. Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 927 F.2d 1200, 1206 (Fed. Cir. 1991)). The court will apply this doctrine in so-called "unpredictable arts" such as biology and chemistry where the invention is a "biologically active composition of matter," also called a "bio-chemical substance."

Reduced cost

The Reducetarian Foundation is a nonprofit organization that promotes a "reducetarian" diet, where participants reduce the amount of meat (as well as eggs and dairy) they consume in order to improve their health, protect the environment, and spare farmed animals from cruelty. Brian Kateman is the cofounder and president of the organization and one of the main proponents of the diet. He is skeptical of only using "all or nothing" messages like veganism and vegetarianism, believing that many people will be more excited about only partially reducing their animal product consumption.

Reduced lipoic acid

Reduced Dimensions Forms

In mathematics, the reduced derivative is a generalization of the notion of derivative that is well-suited to the study of functions of bounded variation. Although functions of bounded variation have derivatives in the sense of Radon measures, it is desirable to have a derivative that takes values in the same space as the functions themselves. Although the precise definition of the reduced derivative is quite involved, its key properties are quite easy to remember:
* it is a multiple of the usual derivative wherever it exists;
* at jump points, it is a multiple of the jump vector. The notion of reduced derivative appears to have been introduced by and Florian Theil in 2004.

Reduced-price meal

Reduce is a general-purpose computer algebra system geared towards applications in physics. The development of the Reduce computer algebra system was started in the 1960s by Anthony C. Hearn. Since then, many scientists from all over the world have contributed to its development under his direction. Reduce is written entirely in its own LISP dialect called Portable Standard Lisp, expressed in an ALGOL-like syntax called . The latter is used as a basis for Reduce's user-level language.

Reduced fare programs

Reduced iron

Reduction tree

Reduction (mathematics)

Reduction (motion)

Reduction in force

Reduced vertical separation minima

Reduced cohomology

In quantum information theory, the reduction criterion is a necessary condition a mixed state must satisfy in order for it to be separable. In other words, the reduction criterion is a separability criterion. It was first proved and independently formulated in 1999. Violation of the reduction criterion is closely related to the distillability of the state in question.

In biochemistry, the term reducing equivalent refers to any of a number of chemical species which transfer the equivalent of one electron in redox reactions. A redox reaction (oxidation-reduction reaction) is a chemical reaction with a transfer of electrons between chemical species, resulting in a change of oxidation state for each species. A chemical species is reduced when it gains electrons and is oxidized when it loses electrons. A reducing equivalent serves as the electron donor in a redox reaction and becomes oxidized (loses electrons) when it donates an electron to an electron acceptor. A reducing equivalent can donate an electron in multiple ways: a lone electron, hydrogen atom, a hydride, or bond formation with an oxygen atom. Each form of reducing equivalent is characterized by t

Reduced dental epithelia

Reduced Gravity

Reduced libido

Reduced Patakh

The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013 (H.R. 935) is a bill that would prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states authorized to issue a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) from requiring a permit for some discharges of pesticides authorized for use under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The bill would clarify the law so that people did not have to get two permits in order to use the same pesticide.

Reduced derivative

Reduction ordering

Reducible femoral hernia

Reduced Interframe Space

Reducing government

Reduced Planck's constant

Reductionist

Reduction preorder

Reduction (chemistry)

Reducing environment

Reduction mammoplasty

Reduction fisheries are fisheries that "reduce," or process their catch, into fishmeal and fish oil. They rely largely on small and medium-sized pelagic species; that is, fish found in the upper layers of the open sea, such as menhaden, anchovies, and sardines.

Reduction (song)

Reduction mixing

Reduction context

Reduction of structure group

Reduced instruction set

Reduced cone

Reduced Gravity Aircraft

Reduced to Ashes (disambiguation)

In mathematics, reduced homology is a minor modification made to homology theory in algebraic topology, designed to make a point have all its homology groups zero. This change is required to make statements without some number of exceptional cases (Alexander duality being an example). If P is a single-point space, then with the usual definitions the integral homology group H0(P) is isomorphic to (an infinite cyclic group), while for i ≥ 1 we have Hi(P) = {0}. More generally if X is a simplicial complex or finite CW complex, then the group H0(X) is the free abelian group with the connected components of X as generators. The reduced homology should replace this group, of rank r say, by one of rank r − 1. Otherwise the homology groups should remain unchanged. An ad hoc way to do this is to think of a 0-th homology class not as a formal sum of connected components, but as such a formal sum where the coefficients add up to zero. In the usual definition of homology of a space X, we consider the chain complex and define the homology groups by . To define reduced homology, we start with the augmented chain complex where . Now we define the reduced homology groups by for positive n and . One can show that ; evidently for all positive n. Armed with this modified complex, the standard ways to obtain homology with coefficients by applying the tensor product, or reduced cohomology groups from the cochain complex made by using a Hom functor, can be applied.

Reduction of Hours of Work (Textiles) Convention

Reduce computer algebra system

Reduced Planck units

Reduced sexual desire

Reduced latency DRAM

Reduced Conflict Intersection

Reduced Bohr radius

Reduced frequency is the dimensionless number used in general for the case of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. It is one of the parameters that defines the degree of unsteadiness of the problem. For the case of flutter analysis, lift history for the motion obtained from the Wagner analysis (Herbert A. Wagner) with varying frequency of oscillation shows that magnitude of lift decreases and a phase lag develops between the aircraft motion and the unsteady aerodynamic forces. Reduced frequency can be used to explain the amplitude attenuation and the phase lag of the unsteady aerodynamic forces compared to the quasi steady analysis (which in theory assumes no phase lag). Reduced frequency is denoted by the letter "k" and given by the expression where:
* ω = circular frequency
* b = airfoil semi-chord
* V = flow velocity The semi-chord is used instead of the chord due to its use in the derivation of unsteady lift based on thin airfoil theory. Based on the value of reduced frequency "k", we can roughly divide the flow into: 1.
* Steady state aerodynamics – k=0 2.
* Quasi-steady aerodynamics – 0≤k≤0.05 3.
* Unsteady aerodynamics – k>0.05 [k>0.2 is considered highly unsteady]

A reduction drive is a mechanical device to shift rotational speed. A planetary reduction drive is a small scale version using ball bearings in an epicyclic arrangement instead of toothed gears. Reduction drives are used in engines of all kinds to increase the amount of torque per revolution of a shaft: the gearbox of any car is a ubiquitous example of a reduction drive. Common household uses are washing machines, food blenders and window-winders. Reduction drives are also used to decrease the rotational speed of an input shaft to an appropriate output speed. Reduction drives can be a gear train design or belt driven. Planetary reduction drives are typically attached between the shaft of the variable capacitor and the tuning knob of any radio, to allow fine adjustments of the tuning capacitor with smooth movements of the knob. Planetary drives are used in this situation to avoid "backlash", which makes tuning easier. If the capacitor drive has backlash, when one attempts to tune in a station, the tuning knob will feel sloppy and it will be hard to perform small adjustments. Gear-drives can be made to have no backlash by using split gears and spring tension but the shaft bearings have to be very precise.

Reduced ring

In mathematics, reduction refers to the rewriting of an expression into a simpler form. For example, the process of rewriting a fraction into one with the smallest whole-number denominator possible (while keeping the numerator an integer) is called "reducing a fraction". Rewriting a radical (or "root") expression with the smallest possible whole number under the radical symbol is called "reducing a radical". Minimizing the number of radicals that appear underneath other radicals in an expression is called denesting radicals.

Reducible variety

Reduced trace

Reduced Patach

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Reduction

Any subset R of the integers is called a reduced residue system modulo n if: 1.
* gcd(r, n) = 1 for each r contained in R; 2.
* R contains φ(n) elements; 3.
* no two elements of R are congruent modulo n. Here denotes Euler's totient function.
* {13,17,19,23}
* {−11,−7,−5,−1}
* {−7,−13,13,31}
* {35,43,53,61}

Reducible matrix

Reduced Instruction Set Computer

Reduced frequency is the dimensionless number used in general for the case of unsteady aerodynamics and aeroelasticity. It is one of the parameters that defines the degree of unsteadiness of the problem. Reduced frequency is denoted by the letter "k" and given by the expression where:
* ω = circular frequency
* b = airfoil semi-chord
* V = flow velocity The semi-chord is used instead of the chord due to its use in the derivation of unsteady lift based on thin airfoil theory. Based on the value of reduced frequency "k", we can roughly divide the flow into:

Reducing emissions from deforestation and degradation

Reduction sauce

In biophysics and related fields, reduced dimension forms (RDFs) are unique on-off mechanisms for random walks that generate two-state trajectories (see Fig. 1 for an example of a RDF and Fig. 2 for an example of a two-state trajectory). It has been shown that RDFs solve two-state trajectories, since only one RDF can be constructed from the data, where this property does not hold for on-off kinetic schemes, where many kinetic schemes can be constructed from a particular two-state trajectory (even from an ideal on-off trajectory). Two-state time trajectories are very common in measurements in chemistry, physics, and the biophysics of individual molecules (e.g. measurements of protein dynamics and DNA and RNA dynamics, activity of ion channels, enzyme activity, quantum dots ), thus making RDFs an important tool in the analysis of data in these fields. Since RDFs are uniquely obtained from the data, they have many advantages over other mathematical and statistical methods that were developed for solving two-state trajectories.

Reduced glucose tolerance

Reducing substance

A reduced pressure zone device (RPZD, RPZ, or RPZ valve) is a type of backflow prevention device used to protect water supplies from contamination. RPZDs may also be known as reduced pressure principle (RP), reduced pressure principle backflow prevention devices, reduced pressure zone assemblies (RPZA), or reduced pressure principle assembly (RPPA).
* ASSE Standard 1013 - Reduced Pressure Backflow Assembly
* ASSE Standard 1015 - Double Check Valve Assembly
* ASSE Standard 1020 - Pressure Vacuum Breaker
* ASSE Standard 1047 - Reduced Pressure Detector Assembly
* ASSE Standard 1047 - Reduced Pressure Detector Assembly Type II
* ASSE Standard 1048 - Double Check Detector Assembly
* ASSE Standard 1048 - Double Check Detector Assembly Type II
* ASSE Standard 1056 - Spill Resistant Vacuum Breaker Backflow preventers are categorized into three groupings, an Assembly, a Device or a Method. With the exception of elimination, these are the only ways one can control backflow from taking place. The eight (8) named backflow assemblies ALL have two resilient seated isolation/shut off valves with properly located test ports. These assemblies have the distinct advantage of being in-line serviceable and can be tested & repaired without having to remove an installed assembly. Special accredited courses are given to test & repair backflow assemblies and only certified testers may test backflow assemblies. There are approximately fifteen (15) devices related to backflow which cannot be tested as they do NOT have isolation valves or test ports and there are no standards (Test Procedures) set in place to test for any device. This is what sets apart an assembly from a device, an assembly is testable, a device is not. Lastly, an air gap or barometric loop are methods to prevent backflow from taking place. These are also non-testable.

Reducing Machine

Reduction drive

Reduction (recursion theory)

Reduced price supper

Reduction of capital stock

Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden

Reduced flavodoxin:dinitrogen oxidoreductase

The reduced gradient bubble model (RGBM) is an algorithm developed by Dr Bruce Wienke for calculating decompression stops needed for a particular dive profile. It is related to the Varying Permeability Model. but is conceptually different in that it rejects the gel-bubble model of the varying permeability model. It is used in several dive computers, particularly those made by Suunto, Aqwary, Mares, HydroSpace Engineering, and Underwater Technologies Center. It is characterised by the following assumptions: blood flow (perfusion) provides a limit for tissue gas penetration by diffusion; an exponential distribution of sizes of bubble seeds is always present, with many more small seeds than large ones; bubbles are permeable to gas transfer across surface boundaries under all pressures; the haldanean tissue compartments range in half time from 1 to 720 minutes, depending on gas mixture. Some manufacturers such as Suunto have also devised approximations of Wienke's model. Suunto uses a modified haldanean nine-compartment model with the assumption of reduced off-gassing caused by bubbles. This implementation offers both a depth ceiling and a depth floor for the decompression stops. The former maximises tissue off-gassing and the latter minimises bubble growth. The model has been correlated and validated in a number of published articles using collected dive profile data.

Reduced Latency DRAM

Reduced functionality mode

Reduced take-off thrust

Reduced penetrance

Reduced Size Multi Media Card

Reduced chi-squared statistic

Reduction of Lagos

Reduced gravity aircraft

Reduced Row Echelon Form

Reduced sodium salt

Reduced Planck energy

In computability theory and computational complexity theory, a reduction is an algorithm for transforming one problem into another problem. A sufficiently efficient reduction from one problem to another may be used to show that the second problem is at least as difficult as the first. Intuitively, problem A is reducible to problem B if an algorithm for solving problem B efficiently (if it existed) could also be used as a subroutine to solve problem A efficiently. When this is true, solving A cannot be harder than solving B. "Harder" means having a higher estimate of the required computational resources in a given context (e.g., higher time complexity, greater memory requirement, expensive need for extra hardware processor cores for a parallel solution compared to a single-threaded solution, etc.). We write A ≤m B, usually with a subscript on the ≤ to indicate the type of reduction being used (m : mapping reduction, p : polynomial reduction). The mathematical structure generated on a set of problems by the reductions of a particular type generally forms a preorder, whose equivalence classes may be used to define degrees of unsolvability and complexity classes.

Reduction to Hitler

The Reduced Shakespeare Company (RSC) is a touring American acting troupe that performs fast-paced, seemingly improvisational condensations of huge topics. The company's style has been described as "New Vaudeville," combining both physical and verbal humor, as well as highbrow and lowbrow. Known as the "Bad Boys of Abridgment," the RSC has created ten stage shows: The Complete Works of William Shakespeare (abridged) in 1987, The Complete History of America (abridged) in 1992, The Bible: The Complete Word of God (abridged) in 1995, The Complete Millennium Musical (abridged) in 1998, All the Great Books (abridged) in 2002, Completely Hollywood (abridged) in 2005, "The Complete World of Sports (abridged)" in 2010, The Ultimate Christmas Show (abridged) in 2011, The Complete History of Comedy (abridged) in 2013 and William Shakespeare's Long Lost First Play (abridged) in 2016. The company tours most frequently across the U.S. and Great Britain, and it has also performed in Belgium, Holland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Japan, China, Singapore, Barbados, Bermuda, Israel, Qatar and Ireland. The Reduced Shakespeare Company is heard frequently on both NPR and the BBC.

Reducible crossing

Reduced Shakespeare Company

Reduced price breakfast

Reducible (complexity)

Reduced Emissions from deforestation and degradation

Reduced-(S)-usnate:NAD+ oxidoreductase (ether-bond-forming)

Reductions with hydrosilanes

Reduced affect

Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs

Reductio ad Hitlerem

Reduced moderation water reactor

A reducer is the component in a pipeline that reduces the pipe size from a larger to a smaller bore (inner diameter). The length of the reduction is usually equal to the average of the larger and smaller pipe diameters. There are two main types of reducer: concentric and eccentric reducers. A reducer can be used either as nozzle or as diffuser depending on the mach number of the flow. These fittings are manufactured in inch and metric size.

Reduction strategy (code optimization)

Reductio is open source software written using the Java Programming Language from an idea that originated in a research paper called QuickCheck: A Lightweight Tool for Random Testing of Haskell Programs. Reductio and QuickCheck utilise a testing technique called . The primary objective of Reductio is to make testing as rigorous as possible, while alleviating developer effort through automation of many common testing tasks. Reductio includes usage examples that demonstrate how this objective has been met using both traditional Java 1.5 and Java 7 BGGA syntax as well as Scala programming language examples.

Reduction (cooking)

Reducin

Reducing global warming

Reduction of /hl/

Reduced frequency

Reduced folate carrier

Reducio ad absurdum

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+) was first negotiated under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2005, with the objective of mitigating climate change through reducing net emissions of greenhouse gases through enhanced forest management in developing countries. Most of the key REDD+ decisions were completed by 2013, with the final pieces of the rulebook finished in 2015. In the last two decades, various studies estimate that land use change, including deforestation and forest degradation, accounts for 12-29% of global greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason the inclusion of reducing emissions from land use change is considered essential to achieve the objectives of the UNFCCC. During the negotiations for the Kyoto Protocol, and then in particular its Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), the inclusion of tropical forest management was debated but eventually dropped due to anticipated methodological difficulties in establishing – in particular – additionality and leakage (detrimental effects outside of the project area attributable to project activities). What remained on forestry was "Afforestation and Reforestation", sectoral scope 14 of the CDM. Under this sectoral scope areas of land that had no forest cover since 1990 could be replanted with commercial or indigenous tree species. In its first eight years of operation 52 projects had been registered under the "Afforestation and Reforestation" scope of the CDM. The cumbersome administrative procedures and corresponding high transaction costs are often blamed for this slow uptake. Beyond the CDM, all developed countries that were parties to the Kyoto Protocol also committed to measuring and reporting on efforts to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions from forests. The United States also measures and reports on the net greenhouse gas sequestration in its forests. In response to what many perceived to be a failure to address a major source of global greenhouse gas emissions, the Coalition for Rainforest Nations (CfRN) was established and in 2005 they proposed to the Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC policy approaches and positive incentives for the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases stemming from tropical deforestation and forest degradation as a climate change mitigation measure.

Reduction reaction

Reduced Pressure Principle BFP

Reductio ad absurdam

Reducing sugars

Reduced Media Independent Interface

Reduced form

Reduced-carrier transmission is an amplitude modulation (AM) transmission in which the carrier signal level is reduced to reduce wasted electrical power. Suppressed-carrier transmission is a special case in which the carrier level is reduced below that required for demodulation by a normal receiver. Reduction of the carrier level permits higher power levels in the sidebands than would be possible with conventional AM transmission. Carrier power must be restored by the receiving station to permit demodulation, usually by means of a beat frequency oscillator (BFO). Failure of the BFO to match the original carrier frequency when receiving such a signal will cause a heterodyne. Suppressed carriers are often used for single sideband (SSB) transmissions, such as for amateur radio on shortwave. That system is referred to in full as SSB suppressed carrier (SSBSC) or (SSB-SC). International broadcasters agreed in 1985 to also use SSBSC entirely by 2015, though IBOC and IBAC digital radio (namely Digital Radio Mondiale) seems likely to make this irrelevant. FM stereo transmissions use a double-sideband suppressed carrier (DSBSC) signal from a stereo generator, together with a pilot tone of exactly half the original carrier frequency. This allows reconstitution of the original stereo carrier, and hence the stereo signal.

Reduced gravity

Reductant

Reduced Lateral Separation Minima

Reduction gear

Reduced relative clause

Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) is an efficient and high-throughput technique for analyzing the genome-wide methylation profiles on a single nucleotide level. It combines restriction enzymes and bisulfite sequencing to enrich for areas of the genome with a high CpG content. Due to the high cost and depth of sequencing to analyze methylation status in the entire genome, Meissner et al. developed this technique in 2005 to reduce the amount of nucleotides required to sequence to 1% of the genome. The fragments that comprise the reduced genome still include the majority of promoters, as well as regions such as repeated sequences that are difficult to profile using conventional bisulfite sequencing approaches.

Reduced Julian date

Reduce (computer algebra system)

Reduction (philosophy)

Reduction (music)

Reduction (Sweden)

In biochemistry, the term reducing equivalent refers to any of a number of chemical species which transfer the equivalent of one electron in redox reactions. A redox reaction (oxidation-reduction reaction) is a chemical reaction with a transfer of electrons between chemical species, resulting in a change of oxidation state for each species. A chemical species is reduced when it gains electrons and is oxidized when it loses electrons. A reducing equivalent serves as the electron donor in a redox reaction and becomes oxidized (loses electrons) when it donates an electron to an electron acceptor. A reducing equivalent can donate an electron in multiple ways: a lone electron, hydrogen atom, a hydride, or bond formation with an oxygen atom. Each form of reducing equivalent is characterized by the donation of at least one electron.

Reduced to Ashes: The Insurgency and Human Rights in Punjab

Reduced ramification index of an extension of valuations

Reduced enamel epithelia

In linear programming, reduced cost, or opportunity cost, is the amount by which an objective function coefficient would have to improve (so increase for maximization problem, decrease for minimization problem) before it would be possible for a corresponding variable to assume a positive value in the optimal solution. It is the cost for increasing a variable by a small amount, i.e., the first derivative from a certain point on the polyhedron that constrains the problem. When the point is a vertex in the polyhedron, the variable with the most extreme cost, negatively for minimization and positively maximization, is sometimes referred to as the steepest edge. Given a system minimize subject to , the reduced cost vector can be computed as , where is the dual cost vector. It follows directly that for a minimization problem, any non- at their lower bounds with strictly negative reduced costs are eligible to enter that basis, while any basic variables must have a reduced cost that is exactly 0. For a maximization problem, the non-basic variables at their lower bounds that are eligible for entering the basis have a strictly positive reduced cost.

Reduction fallacy

Reductionism is a form of improvised music that developed towards the end of the 20th century. The centres of the music include Berlin, London, Tokyo and Vienna. The key characteristics of the music include microtonality, extended techniques, very soft and quiet dynamics, silence, and unconventional sounds and timbres. Some of the leading names associated with reductionism are Radu Malfatti, Toshimaru Nakamura, Axel Dörner and Rhodri Davies.

Reduction (anatomy)

Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013

Reduced dynamics

Reduced-carrier transmission

Reduced algebra

Reduced-gravity aircraft

Reductil

Reducing agents

Reduced fare program

Reduced to Ashes (Deeds of Flesh album)

Reduced in rank

Reducna

Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing

In ring theory, a ring R is called a reduced ring if it has no non-zero nilpotent elements. Equivalently, a ring is reduced if it has no non-zero elements with square zero, that is, x2 = 0 implies x = 0. A commutative algebra over a commutative ring is called a reduced algebra if its underlying ring is reduced. The nilpotent elements of a commutative ring R form an ideal of R, called the nilradical of R; therefore a commutative ring is reduced if and only if its nilradical is zero. Moreover, a commutative ring is reduced if and only if the only element contained in all prime ideals is zero.

Reducing equivalents

In United States patent law, the reduction to practice is the step in the formation of an invention beyond the conception thereof. Reduction to practice may be either actual (the invention is actually carried out and is found to work for its intended purpose) or constructive (a patent application having a sufficient disclosure is filed). The date of reduction to practice was critical to the determination of priority between inventors in an interference proceeding under the discontinued first-to-invent system as well as for swearing behind a reference under that system.

In computability theory, many reducibility relations (also called reductions, reducibilities, and notions of reducibility) are studied. They are motivated by the question: given sets A and B of natural numbers, is it possible to effectively convert a method for deciding membership in B into a method for deciding membership in A? If the answer to this question is affirmative then A is said to be reducible to B.

Reduction (kinematics)

Reduction (orthopedic surgery)

Reduce

Reduced words

Reduced pressure

Reduction strategy (disambiguation)

Reducing pills

In ring theory, a ring R is called a reduced ring if it has no non-zero nilpotent elements. Equivalently, a ring is reduced if it has no non-zero elements with square zero, that is, x2 = 0 implies x = 0. A commutative algebra over a commutative ring is called a reduced algebra if its underlying ring is reduced. The nilpotent elements of a commutative ring R form an ideal of R, called the nilradical of R; therefore a commutative ring is reduced if and only if its nilradical is zero. Moreover, a commutative ring is reduced if and only if the only element contained in all prime ideals is zero. A quotient ring R/I is reduced if and only if I is a radical ideal. Let D be the set of all zerodivisors in a reduced ring R. Then D is the union of all minimal prime ideals. Over a Noetherian ring R, we say a finitely generated module M has locally constant rank if is a locally constant (or equivalently continuous) function on Spec R. Then R is reduced if and only if every finitely generated module of locally constant rank is projective.

Reducetarian

Reductionistic

Reduced-Size Multi Media Card

Reduction of the structure group

A reduced relative clause is a relative clause that is not marked by an explicit relative pronoun or complementizer such as who, which or that. An example is the clause I saw in the English sentence "This is the man I saw.". Unreduced forms of this relative clause would be "This is the man that I saw." or "...whom I saw.". Another form of reduced relative clause is the "reduced object passive relative clause", a type of nonfinite clause headed by a past participle, such as the clause found here in: "The animals found here can be dangerous."

Reduction labiaplasty

Reduced to practice

Reduction strategy

Reducible fraction

Reduced Level

A reduction drive is a mechanical device to shift rotational speed. A planetary reduction drive is a small scale version using ball bearings in an epicyclic arrangement instead of toothed gears. Reduction drives are used in engines of all kinds to increase the amount of torque per revolution of a shaft: the gearbox of any car is a ubiquitous example of a reduction drive. Common household uses are washing machines, food blenders and window-winders. Reduction drives are also used to decrease the rotational speed of an input shaft to an appropriate output speed. Reduction drives can be a gear train design or belt driven.

Reduction gearing

Reductio ad absurdem

Reducing end

Reduction ad absurdum

Reduction of /hr/

Reducing (film)

The Reduction of Gustav I of Sweden, was an important reform during the Protestant Swedish Reformation, in which king Gustav I of Sweden ordered for a reduction of church property and land to the crown. This was a major reform which made the church in Sweden dependent upon the crown. It was also, in practice, the end of monastic life in Sweden. It was, in effect, the organisation of the confiscation of the property of the Swedish Catholic church and transfer of church property to the Crown, and the economic phase of the Swedish Reformation. The reform was introduced in 1527, proceeded through the 1530s, and was finalized in the 1540s. It was followed by the Örebro Synod, which, in contrast to this reform, dealt with the theological side of the reformation.

Reduced homology group

The proposal for reduction of military conscription in Cyprus has been an old suggestion made by different Cypriot politicians, an idea which still exists today. Conscription in Cyprus was in force long before the Turkish invasion and subsequent occupation. Turkey occupies 38% of the Island and British Sovereign bases utilise 3% (with the cooperation of the Cyprus Government). Conscription in Cyprus has been introduced in 1974 to defend the island from future military threat from Turkey which occupied and still controls approximately one third of Cyprus. However, supporters of reduction of military conscription propose a professional army personnel, trained specially for the preservation of peace and stability of the island. The main political parties which support this proposal are Democratic Rally and Progressive Party of Working People together with a number of pressure and activist groups.

Reduction, Pennsylvania

The proposal for reduction of military conscription in Cyprus has been an old suggestion made by different Cypriot politicians, an idea which still exists today. Conscription in Cyprus was in force long before the Turkish invasion and subsequent occupation. Turkey occupies 38% of the Island and British Sovereign bases utilise 3% (with the cooperation of the Cyprus Government). Conscription in Cyprus has been introduced in 1974 to defend the island from future military threat from Turkey which occupied and still controls approximately one third of Cyprus. However, supporters of reduction of military conscription propose a professional army personnel, trained specially for the preservation of peace and stability of the island. The main political parties which support this proposal are Democr

Reduction (military)

In statistics, the reduced chi-squared statistic is used extensively in goodness of fit testing. It is also known as mean square weighted deviation (MSWD) in isotopic dating and variance of unit weight in the context of weighted least squares. Its square root is called regression standard error, standard error of the regression, or standard error of the equation(see Ordinary least squares#Reduced chi-squared)

Reduced level

Reduced vowel

Reduction (computability)

The reduced eye is an idealized model of the optics of the human eye. Introduced by Franciscus Donders, the reduced eye model replaces the several refracting bodies of the eye (the cornea, lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor) are replaced by an ideal air/water interface surface that is located 20 mm from a model retina. This, converts a system with six cardinal points (two focal points, two principal points and two nodal points) into one with three cardinal points (two focal points and one nodal point).

Reduction (kinesiology)

Reduction (town)

Reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries (REDD+) was first negotiated under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 2005, with the objective of mitigating climate change through reducing net emissions of greenhouse gases through enhanced forest management in developing countries. Most of the key REDD+ decisions were completed by 2013, with the final pieces of the rulebook finished in 2015.

A reduced gas is a gas with a low oxidation number (or high reduction), and is usually hydrogen-rich. Strongly reduced gases include methane, ammonia, and hydrogen sulfide.

Reductions with metal alkoxyaluminium hydrides

Reducibility relation

Reduction of the structure group of a bundle

Reduced

Reduction theory

The Reduction of Lagos or Bombardment of Lagos involved the British Royal Navy's attacks on Lagos in the fourth quarter of 1851 under the pretext of abolishing the Atlantic slave trade. Many intersecting interests including British empire building, British missionary motivations, British mercantile motivations, a deposed monarch's motivations (Akitoye), and Saro recaptive motivations, provided Whitehall with the necessary impetus for military action against the sovereign of Lagos, Oba Kosoko.

The Reducing Regulatory Burdens Act of 2013 (H.R. 935) is a bill that would prohibit the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states authorized to issue a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) from requiring a permit for some discharges of pesticides authorized for use under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA). The bill would clarify the law so that people did not have to get two permits in order to use the same pesticide. The bill was introduced into the United States House of Representatives during the 113th United States Congress.

Reduction of military conscription in Cyprus

In code optimization during the translation of computer programs into an executable form, and in mathematical reduction generally, a reduction strategy for a term rewriting system determines which reducible subterms (or reducible expressions, redexes) should be reduced (contracted) within a term; it may be the case that a term may contain multiple redexes which are disjoint from one another and that choosing to contract one redex before another may have no influence on the resulting reduced form of the term, or that the redexes in a term do overlap and that choosing to contract one of the overlapping redexes over the other may result in a different reduced form of the term. It is the choice of which redex at each step in the reduction to contract that determines the strategy chosen. This can be seen as a practical application of the theoretical notion of reduction strategy in lambda calculus.

Reduction function

Reduced Planck mass

In military tactics, a reduction is accomplished when an encircling force conducts successful offensive operations over an invested force. The "reduction" refers to the shrinking in size of the pocket of territory occupied by the invested force, which would appear to be reduced as seen from a map. It is one of the four possible outcomes of investment, the others being relief, surrender or a breakout

Reductional

Reduction of Hours of Work (Public Works) Convention, 1936

Reduced Gigabit Media Independent Interface

Reduction modulo p

Reduced flavodoxin:dinitrogen oxidoreductase (ATP-hydrolysing)

Reduced word

Reduction ad absurbum

Reduced dental epitheliums

Reduced ferredoxin:dinitrogen oxidoreductase (ATP-hydrolysing)

Reduced temperature

Reduced specific volume

Reduction gearbox

Reduced cream

Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum

Reduction of poverty

Reduced lateral separation minima

Reduction (disambiguation)

Reduced residue system

Reduced price snack

Reduced density matrix

Reduction to absurdity

Reduced scheme

Reduction of summands

Reducio ad hitlerum

Reductionism (music)

Reductions with diimide

Reducer

In linear programming, reduced cost, or opportunity cost, is the amount by which an objective function coefficient would have to improve (so increase for maximization problem, decrease for minimization problem) before it would be possible for a corresponding variable to assume a positive value in the optimal solution. It is the cost for increasing a variable by a small amount, i.e., the first derivative from a certain point on the polyhedron that constrains the problem. When the point is a vertex in the polyhedron, the variable with the most extreme cost, negatively for minimization and positively maximization, is sometimes referred to as the steepest edge.

Reduced Echelon Form

Reductase kinase

Reduced row echelon form

Reduced Level in surveying refers to equating elevations of survey points with reference to a common assumed datum. It is a vertical distance between survey point and adopted datum plane. Thus it is considered as the base elevation which is used as reference to reckon heights or depths of other important places. Reduced here means equating and Level means Elevations. Datum may be real or imaginary location with a nominated elevation of straight zero.

A reduced relative clause is a relative clause that is not marked by an explicit relative pronoun or complementizer such as who, which or that. An example is the clause I saw in the English sentence "This is the man I saw.". Unreduced forms of this relative clause would be "This is the man that I saw." or "...whom I saw.". Another form of reduced relative clause is the "reduced object passive relative clause", a type of nonfinite clause headed by a past participle, such as the clause found here in: "The animals found here can be dangerous." Reduced relative clauses are given to ambiguity or garden path effects, and have been a common topic of psycholinguistic study, especially in the field of sentence processing.

The reduced eye is an idealized model of the optics of the human eye. Introduced by Franciscus Donders, the reduced eye model replaces the several refracting bodies of the eye (the cornea, lens, aqueous humor, and vitreous humor) are replaced by an ideal air/water interface surface that is located 20 mm from a model retina. This, converts a system with six cardinal points (two focal points, two principal points and two nodal points) into one with three cardinal points (two focal points and one nodal point). The reduced eye model is used by medical students when studying refractive errors such as myopia and hyperopia (near- and far-sightedness) and by ophthalmologists to simplify corrective lens computations.

Reduction of the French fortresses in 1815

Reductive conditions

Reducibility (numbering)

Reduced vowels

Reduced conflict intersection

In cooking, reduction is the process of thickening and intensifying the flavor of a liquid mixture such as a soup, sauce, wine, or juice by simmering or boiling. Reduction is performed by simmering or boiling a liquid such as stock, fruit or vegetable juices, wine, vinegar, or a sauce until the desired concentration is reached by evaporation. This is done without a lid, enabling the vapor to escape from the mixture. Different components of the liquid will evaporate at slightly different temperatures, and the goal of reduction is to drive away those with lowest points of evaporation. While reduction does concentrate the flavors left in the pan, reducing too much will drive away all liquid in the sauce, leaving a "sticky, burnt coating" on the pan. Sauces from basic brown sauce to Béchamel sauce and even tomato sauce are simmered for long periods (from 1 to 10 hours) but not boiled. Simmering not only develops the maximum possible flavor, but also allows impurities to collect at the top and be skimmed off periodically as the sauce cooks. Boiling diffuses the impurities into the liquid and results in a bitter taste and unclear stock. Broths are also simmered rather than boiled, and for the same reasons.

Reduced acceptor

Reduced oxygen

Reduction modulo a prime

Reduced action

Reduction of fracture

Reduced tillage

Reduced totient function

Reducing substances

Reduction (complexity)

Reduced eye

Reduced homology

Reduct

Reducible

In computability theory, many reducibility relations (also called reductions, reducibilities, and notions of reducibility) are studied. They are motivated by the question: given sets A and B of natural numbers, is it possible to effectively convert a method for deciding membership in B into a method for deciding membership in A? If the answer to this question is affirmative then A is said to be reducible to B. The study of reducibility notions is motivated by the study of decision problems. For many notions of reducibility, if any noncomputable set is reducible to a set A then A must also be noncomputable. This gives a powerful technique for proving that many sets are noncomputable.

Reduced oxygen environment

Reduced carrier

Reduction mill

Reducible expression

Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-coenzyme Q reductase

In thermodynamics, the reduced properties of a fluid are a set of state variables normalized by the fluid's state properties at its critical point. These dimensionless thermodynamic coordinates, taken together with a substance's compressibility factor, provide the basis for the simplest form of the theorem of corresponding states.

The Reduced-Moderation Water Reactor (RMWR), also referred to as the Resource-renewable BWR, is a proposed type of light water moderated nuclear power reactor, featuring some characteristics of a fast neutron reactor, thereby combining the established and proven technology of light water reactors with the desired features of fast neutron reactors. The RMWR concept builds upon the Advanced Boiling Water Reactor and is under active development in theoretical studies, particularly in Japan. Hitachi and the Japan Atomic Energy Agency are both involved in research.

Reduced Kamatz

Reducibility

Reductions of Paraguay

In quantum mechanics, especially in the study of open quantum systems, reduced dynamics refers to the time evolution of a density matrix for a system coupled to an environment. Consider a system and environment initially in the state (which in general may be entangled) and undergoing unitary evolution given by . Then the reduced dynamics of the system alone is simply If we assume that the mapping is linear and completely positive, then the reduced dynamics can be represented by a quantum operation. This mean we can express it in the operator-sum form where the are operators on the Hilbert space of the system alone, and no reference is made to the environment. In particular, if the system and environment are initially in a product state , it can be shown that the reduced dynamics are completely positive. However, the most general possible reduced dynamics are not completely positive.

Reduced cat

Reduced (chemistry)