Philosophy Documentation Center eCollection

Philosophical Inquiry is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles, reviews, and critical notes in all areas of philosophy. The journal aims to facilitate international communication of philosophical thought, and it does this by publishing submissions in English, German, or French from authors in several countries. Notable contributors include Gerard Casey, Theodoros Christidis, Alexander Nehamas, Vasiliki Karavakou, Fred Miller, Ron Polansky, Michael Polemis, and Nicholas Rescher. The journal is indexed in the International Philosophical Bibliography, The Philosopher's Index, and PhilPapers, and it has a Level 1 classification from the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies.. Philosophical Inquiry was established in 1978 by Prof. Dimitri Z. Andriopoulos and was published for many years in cooperation with the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. This journal is now published by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, London B

Philosophical magazine: A journal of theoretical, experimental and applied physics

Philosophiske Smuler eller En Smule Philosophi

Philosophy Today

Philosophy in Review (PIR), formerly Canadian Philosophical Reviews (CPR), is an English language online, open access journal, specializing in the review of books about philosophy. PIR is published six times a year and covers all areas of and approaches to philosophy.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Philosophy Bites is a podcast series featuring philosophers being interviewed for 15–20 minutes on a specific topic. The series, which has been running since 2007, is hosted by Nigel Warburton, freelance lecturer, and David Edmonds, and has featured interviews with guests including Barry C. Smith, Simon Blackburn, A.C. Grayling, Martha Nussbaum, Peter Singer, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Michael Dummett, Tzvetan Todorov, David Chalmers, and C.A.J. (Tony) Coady. The podcast has been one of the top 20 most downloaded series in the United States and has over 34 million downloads. 400 of the 'Bites' podcast interviews can be found, arranged by theme, here.

Philosophical Library

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences

Musée d'Histoire Naturelle(Jardin des Plantes)

Philosophic school

Philosophische Arzt

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

Philosophical anarchists

The Philosophic Whigs were a significant grouping in the nineteenth century Whig party, who drew on the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment to bring the concept of social change and progress to British political thought.

Philosophical value

Philosophical journal

Philosophical burden of proof

Philosophy and literature

For Philosophy Hall at the University of Washington, now part of Savery Hall, see University of Washington Quad Philosophy Hall is a building on the campus of Columbia University in New York City. It houses the English, Philosophy, and French departments, along with the university's writing center, part of its registrar's office, and the student lounge of its Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. It is one of the original buildings designed for the university's Morningside Heights campus by McKim, Mead, and White, built in the Italian Renaissance Revival style and completed in 1910. Philosophy Hall is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been designated a National Historic Landmark as the site of the invention of FM radio by Edwin Armstrong in the early 1930s.

Philosophical ethology is a rather young multidisciplinary research field gathering natural sciences, social science, human studies and dedicates to the issue of animal subjectivity. It is about an ontological concept needing a philosophical place other than a descriptive issue, just as it was in the 19th century.

Philosophizing

The Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization (PLATO) is a non-profit membership orgsanization established to support the introduction of philosophy to pre-college students (K-12). It was established in 2009 by the American Philosophical Association's Committee on Pre-College-Instruction in Philosophy, and became an independent non-profit organization in 2012. PLATO sponsors the annual journal Questions: Philosophy for Young People. The organization's memberships are managed by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Philosophical idealism

Philosophy Sharing Foundation, or PSF, is a non-profit organisation founded in Malta in 2012. Its mission is to bring together philosophy enthusiasts; to inspire, strengthen and promote philosophical activity in the Maltese Islands; and to contribute towards society through Philosophy. The foundation does not adhere to, or profess, any single creed or ideology. Its official languages are Maltese and English.

Philosophical Society of England

Philosophical Foundations of Marxist-Leninist Atheism

Philosophy (song)

Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology

Philosophical Investigation

Philosophical explanations

Philosophical semantics

Philosophical argument

Philosophical sin

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London

Philosophical Review

Philosophical Dictionary

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B

Philosophy encyclopedias

Philosophical review

Philosophy and Belief is a school subject taught at schools across South America. The subject bears many similarities to Religious Education (RE), a subject taught across the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth Countries. Its main differences are that it has more emphasis on areas such as debating, moral and philosophical issues and dilemmas, wars, and philosophy concerning life and death. It also looks at sexism, racism and religion in the media. It has received criticism for not teaching enough about religion. However, there are others who argue that it does, in a more engaging and fun way. Overall, teaching students about life skills.

Philosophy & Rhetoric

Philosophical Psychology is a peer-reviewed academic journal devoted to the links between philosophy and psychology. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.151, ranking it 20th out of 51 journals in the category "Ethics".

Philosophical fiction refers to the class of works of fiction which devote a significant portion of their content to the sort of questions normally addressed in discursive philosophy. These might include the function and role of society, the purpose of life, ethics or morals, the role of art in human lives, and the role of experience or reason in the development of knowledge. Philosophical fiction works would include the so-called novel of ideas, including some science fiction, utopian and dystopian fiction, and the Bildungsroman.

Philosophy and religion in Star Trek

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B

Philosophical magazine

Philosophy in Malta

Philosophy doctorate

Philosophical psychology

Philosophical work of Bertrand Russell

Philosophy education is the practice of teaching and learning philosophy along with the associated scholarly research. It is not philosophy of education, nor the philosophical study of education in general.

Philosophy Learning and Teaching Organization

Philosophy East & West

Philosophy and Literature

Philosophy: The Best of Bill Hicks is a compilation album of routines by Bill Hicks.

Philosophy and public

Philosophical journals

Philosophy and war

Philosophy and Social Hope is a 1999 book written by philosopher Richard Rorty and published by Penguin. The book is a collection of cultural and political essays intended to reach a wider audience and, like his previous books, it presents Rorty's own version of pragmatism. 'Trotsky and the Wild Orchids' is the most autobiographical piece and explains how he moved from Plato's philosophical framework towards Ludwig Wittgenstein's and John Dewey's anti-essentialism.

Philosophical reason

Philosophical logic refers to those areas of philosophy in which recognized methods of logic have traditionally been used to solve or advance the discussion of philosophical problems. Among these, Sybil Wolfram highlights the study of argument, meaning, and truth, while Colin McGinn presents identity, existence, predication, necessity and truth as the main topics of his book on the subject. Philosophical logic also addresses extensions and alternatives to traditional, "classical" logic known as "non-classical" logics. These receive more attention in texts such as John P. Burgess's Philosophical Logic, the Blackwell Companion to Philosophical Logic, or the multi-volume Handbook of Philosophical Logic edited by Dov M. Gabbay and Franz Guenthner.

Philosophical apologetics

Philosophism

Philosophical Garden

The Philosophy in 90 Minutes series, written by Paul Strathern, is a series of short introductory biographical overviews on well-known philosophers, set in brief historical context, along with brief impressions of their philosophies. The books are also produced in audio format; read by narrator Robert Whitfield. The series’ intent is to "write about the philosophers' lives, [while] adding in a few of their ideas"

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Series B, Biological Sciences

Philosophical Reflections in the Naisadhacarita is the doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis of Harekrishna Meher done in Banaras Hindu University in 1981. It discusses philosophical ideas as reflected in the Sanskrit Mahakavya ‘Naisadhacaritam’ authored by the distinguished poet Sriharsa (12th century). This book (ISBN 9788185094212), first published in 1989 by Punthi Pustak Calcutta, is circulated worldwide. Philosophical Importance of Naisadhacarita : Author of the Book, Dr. Meher remarks : The Author further expresses : Brief Sketch of the Philosophical Study : Some Comments on this Thesis :

Philosophical Taoism

Philosophy & Public Affairs is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by John Wiley & Sons. It publishes philosophical articles on legal, social, and political issues. The journal was established in 1972 and the editor-in-chief is Debra Satz (Stanford University). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2016 impact factor of 2.182, ranking it 27th out of 165 journals in the category "Political Science" and 4th out of 51 journals in the category "Ethics".

Philosophical Theology

Philosophical gardens

Philosophy Bites

Philosophy-Neurology-Psychology (PNP)

Philosophy in Review

Philosophical Fragments (Danish title: Philosophiske Smuler eller En Smule Philosophi) is a Christian philosophical work written by Danish philosopher Søren Kierkegaard in 1844. It was the second of three works written under the pseudonym Johannes Climacus; the other two were De omnibus dubitandum est in 1841 and Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments in 1846.

Philosophical Investigations (disambiguation)

The existence of philosophical sin was a debate waged in the Catholic Church in the late seventeenth century. A philosophical sin is a morally bad act which violates the natural order of reason, not the divine law. The idea of philosophical sin, as opposed to theological sin, was advocated by those who wished to construct a moral system independent of God. Those who believed in God and divine law yet contended for a distinction between philosophical and theological sin maintained that there are morally bad acts that, while violating the order of reason, are not offensive to God. They believed that the sinner can be ignorant of the existence of God and that, without the knowledge or consideration of God, it is impossible to offend him. This doctrine of philosophical sin was censured as scandalous, temerarious, and erroneous by Pope Alexander VIII in 1690 in his condemnation of the following proposition: Philosophical or moral sin is a human act not in agreement with rational nature and right reason; theological and mortal sin is a free transgression of the Divine law. However grievous it may be, philosophical sin in one who is either ignorant of God or does not actually think of God, is indeed a grievous sin, but not an offense to God, nor a mortal sin dissolving friendship with God, nor worthy of eternal punishment. The Catholic Church maintains the contrary view that sin can be offensive to God even if the sinner either does not know or does not consider God. This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Sin" . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton.

Philosophical Institution of Paisley

Philosophical Perspectives

A philosophy encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work that seeks to make available to the reader a number of articles on the subject of philosophy. Many paper and online encyclopedias of philosophy have been written, with encyclopedias in general dating back to the 1st century AD with Pliny the Elder's Naturalis Historia.

Philosophical objectivism

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences

Philosophic child

Philosophical commentary

Philosophical Psychology

A philosophical language is any constructed language that is constructed from first principles, like a logical language, but may entail a strong claim of absolute perfection or transcendent or even mystical truth rather than satisfaction of pragmatic goals. Philosophical languages were popular in Early Modern times, partly motivated by the goal of recovering the lost Adamic or Divine language. The term ideal language is sometimes used near-synonymously, though more modern philosophical languages such as Toki Pona are less likely to involve such an exalted claim of perfection. It may be known as a language of pure ideology. The axioms and grammars of the languages together differ from commonly spoken languages today.

The Philosophical Radicals were a philosophically-minded group of English political radicals in the nineteenth century inspired by Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and James Mill (1773–1836). Individuals within this group included Francis Place (1771–1854), George Grote (1794–1871), Joseph Parkes (1796–1865), John Arthur Roebuck (1802–1879), Charles Buller (1806–1848), John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), Edward John Trelawny (1792–1881), and William Molesworth (1810–1855). Several became Radical members of Parliament, and the group as a whole attempted to use the Westminster Review to exert influence on public opinion. They rejected any philosophical or legal naturalism and furthered Jeremy Bentham's utilitarian philosophy. Utilitarianism as a moral philosophy argues that maximizing happiness should be the moral standard by which our actions should be measured. It thereby stands in contrast to the rationalistic ethics of Immanuel Kant as well as to the convictions of idealism, amongst others.

Philosophy department of Columbia University

Philosophical Society of Australasia

Philosophy and the Scientific Image of Man

For Philosophy Hall at the University of Washington, now part of Savery Hall, see University of Washington Quad Philosophy Hall is a building on the campus of Columbia University in New York City. It houses the English, Philosophy, and French departments, along with the university's writing center, part of its registrar's office, and the student lounge of its Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. It is one of the original buildings designed for the university's Morningside Heights campus by McKim, Mead, and White, built in the Italian Renaissance Revival style and completed in 1910. Philosophy Hall is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and has been designated a National Historic Landmark as the site of the invention of FM radio by Edwin Armstrong in the early 1930s. The space now occupied by the registrar formerly housed electrical engineering laboratories in which Michael I. Pupin and Edwin Howard Armstrong made several major technological breakthroughs. The building has been home to such notable faculty members as philosophers John Dewey, Frederick J. E. Woodbridge and Ernest Nagel, Guadeloupean novelist Maryse Condé, French literary scholar Michael Riffaterre, poet Kenneth Koch and English literary scholars Lionel Trilling, Edward Said, Carolyn Heilbrun, Quentin Anderson, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak and Mark Van Doren. Philosophy Hall was not occupied by protesters during the 1968 protests. It served instead as a refuge for faculty and a site of contentious debates among them concerning student conduct. The lawn in front of Philosophy Hall is the site of an original cast of The Thinker (Le Penseur), one of the most famous pieces by French sculptor Auguste Rodin. The hall was designated a National Historic Landmark in 2003. It is one of only a handful of buildings on the Columbia campus named for an academic discipline, and not an individual. The others include Mathematics, Journalism, and International Affairs.

Philosophical Topics

Philosophical Magazine

Philosophical Taoist

Philosophy Now is a bimonthly philosophy magazine sold from news-stands and book stores in the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada; it is also available on digital devices, and online. It aims to appeal to the wider public, as well as to students and philosophy teachers. It was established in 1991 and was the first general philosophy magazine.

Philosophical logic refers to those areas of philosophy in which recognized methods of logic have traditionally been used to solve or advance the discussion of philosophical problems. Among these, Sybil Wolfram highlights the study of argument, meaning, and truth, while Colin McGinn presents identity, existence, predication, necessity and truth as the main topics of his book on the subject.

Philosophical interpretation of classical physics

Philosophical Issues is an annual supplement to the journal Noûs published periodically, usually once per year. Each issue explores a specific area of philosophy through invited papers, critical studies, and book symposia. Philosophical Issues was published by Ridgeview Publishing Company for the first nine volumes. It became a supplement to Noûs in 2000, and is currently published by Wiley-Blackwell.

Philosophy for children

Philosophical Transactions B

Philosophy and religion

Philosophical Magazine and Journal

The philosophical aspects of the abortion debate are logical arguments that can be made either in support of or in opposition to abortion.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society. The editor-in-chief is John Pickett (Cardiff University).

Philosophical method/Introduction

Philosophical Fragments

Philosophy and Public Affairs

Philosophy, Psychiatry and Psychology

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences

Philosophical Satanism

Philosophy Research Archives

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A:

Philosophical Rudiments Concerning Government and Society

Philosophical theologian

Philosophical conceptualism

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A

Philosophofee

Philosophical Institution

Philosophical materialist

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser. A

The Philosophical Radicals were a philosophically-minded group of English political radicals in the nineteenth century inspired by Jeremy Bentham (1748–1832) and James Mill (1773–1836). Individuals within this group included Francis Place (1771–1854), George Grote (1794–1871), Joseph Parkes (1796–1865), John Arthur Roebuck (1802–1879), Charles Buller (1806–1848), John Stuart Mill (1806–1873), Edward John Trelawny (1792–1881), and William Molesworth (1810–1855).

Philosophical scepticism

Philosophical zombies

Philosophical dictionaries and encyclopaedias

Philosophical literature

Philosophy Talk is a talk radio program co-hosted by John Perry, Ken Taylor, and Joshua Landy, who are professors at Stanford University. The show is also available as a podcast, available for purchase. The program deals both with fundamental problems of philosophy and with the works of famous philosophers, especially as these relate to our contemporary, day-to-day lives. Some of the wide range of topics of past programs include terrorism, misogyny, intellectual humility, democracy, Descartes, genetic engineering, and virtue. The program is broadcast from the studios of KALW, 91.7 FM, San Francisco, California and is nationally syndicated, airing on radio stations around the country as well as on SiriusXM. The show focuses on one topic or famous philosopher for an hour at a time, with an invited guest who is an expert on the philosopher or area of philosophy in question. Listener questions are invited and responded to. As with most philosophical discussions, each show usually provides some factual information about the topic, as well as methods and points of view that are helpful in thinking about the topic. The Philosophy Talk motto is, “the program that questions everything, except your intelligence.”

Philosophical school of Isfahan

Philosophical Topics (journal)

A philosophical language is any constructed language that is constructed from first principles, like a logical language, but may entail a strong claim of absolute perfection or transcendent or even mystical truth rather than satisfaction of pragmatic goals. Philosophical languages were popular in Early Modern times, partly motivated by the goal of recovering the lost Adamic or Divine language. The term ideal language is sometimes used near-synonymously, though more modern philosophical languages such as Toki Pona are less likely to involve such an exalted claim of perfection. It may be known as a language of pure ideology. The axioms and grammars of the languages together differ from commonly spoken languages today. In most older philosophical languages, and some newer ones, words are constructed from a limited set of morphemes that are treated as "elemental" or fundamental. "Philosophical language" is sometimes used synonymously with "taxonomic language", though more recently there have been several conlangs constructed on philosophical principles which are not taxonomic. Vocabularies of oligosynthetic languages are made of compound words, which are coined from a small (theoretically minimal) set of morphemes; oligoisolating languages, such as Toki Pona, similarly use a limited set of root words but produce phrases which remain series of distinct words. Toki Pona is based on minimalistic simplicity, incorporating elements of Taoism. Láadan is designed to lexicalize and grammaticalize the concepts and distinctions important to women, based on muted group theory. A priori languages are constructed languages where the vocabulary is invented directly, rather than being derived from other existing languages (as with Esperanto or Ido). Philosophical languages are almost all a priori languages, but most a priori languages are not philosophical languages. For example, Quenya, Sindarin, and Klingon are all a priori but not philosophical languages: they are meant to seem like natural languages, even though they have no genetic relation to any natural languages.

Philosophical arguments for censorship

Philosophical foundations of Marxist–Leninist atheism

Philosophy and film

Philosophy and real politics

Philosophical objections to Cantor's theory

Philosophy Hall

Philosophical problems

A philosophical poet is an author or scholar who employs poetic devices, styles, or forms to explore subjects common to the field of philosophy. Their writing often addresses questions related to the meaning of life, the nature of being (ontology), theories of knowledge and knowing (epistemology), principles of beauty (aesthetics), first principles of things (metaphysics) or the existence of God. Some may make broad philosophical inquires and engage with diverse philosophical topics throughout their poetry, while others may concentrate within one branch of philosophical poetry. For example, Dante is considered by some to be both a philosophical poet, in a general sense, as well as a metaphysical poet. Although a group discussion may provide fruitful conditions for some to explore philosophical themes, poetry may be seen an alternative entry into philosophical thinking. Children and young writers may find it easier to begin writing philosophical poetry if they start by using poetic styles other than rhyme, such as repetitive form, since rhyme can be distracting and may interfere with the free flow of their philosophical thoughts. Most, but not all, philosophical poets do eventually develop one preferred form of philosophical verse when it comes to the style of their writing. For example, Rumi and Hafiz often utilize the single verse form, while Dickinson usually adheres to the quatrain form. Philosophical poets hail from both the Eastern and Western traditions.

Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences

Philosophy & Belief

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character

Philosophical materialism

Philosophy For All (PFA) is a London-based association of people interested in philosophy. It was founded in 1998. It aims to bridge the gap between professional and amateur philosophers, by holding talks, lectures and debates. Many of its events are held in pubs; and others in adult education colleges. During the early years of the new millennium it organised a series of Round Table debates in which four leading philosophers and an audience of around 150 people would debate issues such as the relationship between science and philosophy.

Philosophy encyclopedia

Philosophical theology is both a branch and form of theology in which philosophical methods are used in developing or analyzing theological concepts. It therefore includes natural theology as well as philosophical treatments of orthodox and heterodox theology. Philosophical theology is also closely related to the philosophy of religion.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Part 2

The Philosophical Magazine and Journal; The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science

Philosophical Transactions

Philosophical Magazine Part A

Philosophical school of isfahan

Philosophy Today is an international peer-reviewed journal that reflects the current questions, topics and debates of contemporary philosophy, with a particular focus on continental philosophy. The journal is especially interested in original work at the intersection of philosophy, political theory, comparative literature, and cultural studies. It seeks to provoke discussion and debate among various intellectual traditions, including critical theory, phenomenology, hermeneutics, feminism, and psychoanalysis. The journal provides space for reviews, as well as short translations of the works of contemporary philosophical figures originally published in other languages. It publishes special issues dedicated to particular topics, and for many years published Selected Studies in Phenomenology a

Philosophy and Theology is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles and reviews exploring connections between philosophy and theology. It was established in 1986 by Andrew Tallon at Marquette University and is the journal of the . One issue of each volume is dedicated to Rahner's thought. Since 1997 the journal has been published on behalf of Marquette University by the Philosophy Documentation Center. All issues are available in electronic format.

Philosophical anarchism

The Philosophical Gourmet Report (also known as the Leiter Report or PGR), founded by philosophy and law professor Brian Leiter and now edited by philosophy professors Berit Brogaard and Christopher Pynes, is a ranking of graduate programs in philosophy in the English-speaking world.

Philosophical anarchist

Philosophy and Social Criticism

Philosophical Logic

Philosophical Society of South Australia

Philosophy Today is an international peer-reviewed journal that reflects the current questions, topics and debates of contemporary philosophy, with a particular focus on continental philosophy. The journal is especially interested in original work at the intersection of philosophy, political theory, comparative literature, and cultural studies. It seeks to provoke discussion and debate among various intellectual traditions, including critical theory, phenomenology, hermeneutics, feminism, and psychoanalysis. The journal provides space for reviews, as well as short translations of the works of contemporary philosophical figures originally published in other languages. It publishes special issues dedicated to particular topics, and for many years published Selected Studies in Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy in cooperation with the Society for Phenomenology and Existential Philosophy (SPEP). It has a Level 1 classification from the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies. and a SHERPA/RoMEO "green" self-archiving policy. Philosophy Today is owned by the Philosophy Department of DePaul University and published on its behalf by the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Philosophical problems of testimony

Philosophy and Literature is an academic journal founded in 1977 by Denis Dutton. It explores the connections between literary and philosophical studies by presenting ideas on the aesthetics of literature, critical theory, and the philosophical interpretation of literature. The journal, which has been characterized as "culturally conservative", aims to challenge "the cant and pretensions of academic priesthoods by publishing an assortment of lively, wide-ranging essays, notes, and reviews that are written in clear, jargon-free prose". The journal is normally published twice a year, in April and October, by the Johns Hopkins University Press. Circulation is 823 and the average length of an issue is 224 pages. The current editor is Garry Hagberg of Bard College.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series A

Philosophical furnace

Philosophical counselling

Philosophy in Malta refers to the philosophy of Maltese nationals or those of Maltese descent, whether living in Malta or abroad, whether writing in their native Maltese language or in a foreign language. Though Malta is not more than a tiny European island in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, for the last six centuries its very small population happened to come in close contact with some of Europe’s main political, academic and intellectual movements. Philosophy was among the interests fostered by its academics and intellectuals. For the greater part of its history, in Malta philosophy was simply studied as part of a basic institutional programme which mainly prepared candidates to become priests, lawyers or physicians. It was only during the latter part of the 20th century that philosophy began to acquire an ever-growing importance of its own. Nevertheless, throughout the years a few Maltese academics and intellectuals have stood out for their philosophical prowess and acumen. Despite their limitations, they gave their modest share for the understanding of philosophy and some of the areas it covers. Though, from the mid-16th century onwards, in Malta philosophy was taught at various institutions of higher education, from the latter part of the 18th century onwards the main academic body which promoted philosophical activity and research was the University of Malta. Today, mainly due to easier access to data sources and to enhanced communication networks, such philosophical inquiries and pursuits are more extensive in prevalence as in content.

Philosophical cosmology

Philosophical Society of Edinburgh

Philosophical behaviorism

Philosophy and Social Hope

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biology

Philosophicall rudiments concerning government and society

Philosophy and economics, also philosophy of economics, studies topics such as rational choice, the appraisal of economic outcomes, institutions and processes, and the ontology of economic phenomena and the possibilities of acquiring knowledge of them. It is useful to divide philosophy of economics in this way into three subject matters which can be regarded respectively as branches of action theory, ethics (or normative social and political philosophy), and philosophy of science. Economic theories of rationality, welfare, and social choice defend substantive philosophical theses often informed by relevant philosophical literature and of evident interest to those interested in action theory, philosophical psychology, and social and political philosophy. Economics is of special interest to those interested in epistemology and philosophy of science both because of its detailed peculiarities and because it has many of the overt features of the natural sciences, while its object consists of social phenomena.

Philosophical optimism

Philosophical Spiritualism and Materialism

Philosophical School of Elis

Philosophical Topics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all major areas of philosophy. Each thematic issue consists entirely of invited papers. Recent issues have been concerned with perception, agency, modern philosophy, identity, and free will. The journal is published by the University of Arkansas philosophy department and the University of Arkansas Press. The editor-in-chief is Jack Lyons. Philosophical Topics was established in 1970 as The Southwestern Journal of Philosophy and obtained its current title in 1981. All issues of both journals are available in electronic format from the Philosophy Documentation Center.

Philosophy Cafe

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B: biological sciences

Philosophical Notebooks

Philosophy and Spiritualism of Sri Aurobindo

Philosophy & Social Criticism is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes papers nine times a year in the field of philosophy. The editor-in-chief is David Rasmussen (Boston College). It was established in 1973 and is currently published by SAGE Publications.

Philosophy and economics, also philosophy of economics, studies topics such as rational choice, the appraisal of economic outcomes, institutions and processes, and the ontology of economic phenomena and the possibilities of acquiring knowledge of them. Economics is of special interest to those interested in epistemology and philosophy of science both because of its detailed peculiarities and because it has many of the overt features of the natural sciences, while its object consists of social phenomena.

Philosophy East and West is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering non-Western traditions of philosophy in relation to Anglo-American philosophy, integrating the discipline with literature, science, and social practices. Special issues have been devoted to topics as diverse as "Problems of the Self", "Existence: An East-West Dialogue", "Philosophy and Revolution", and "Environmental Ethics". The journal was established in 1951 by Charles A. Moore as an outgrowth of the work of the East-West Philosophers' Conferences sponsored by the University of Hawaiʻi Department of Philosophy. It was also the first journal to bear the imprint of the University of Hawaii Press, established in 1947. In 1967 the editorship passed to Eliot Deutsch, in 1986 to Roger T. Ames, and in 2017 to , all affiliated with the University of Hawaiʻi. Philosophy East and West appears quarterly in January, April, July, and October. Its first electronic edition appeared in 2001 on Project MUSE. Back volumes up to three years behind the current volume are available at JSTOR.

Philosophical dictionary

Philosophical Method

PhilosophyOfReligion

Philosophy in Malta refers to the philosophy of Maltese nationals or those of Maltese descent, whether living in Malta or abroad, whether writing in their native Maltese language or in a foreign language. Though Malta is not more than a tiny European island in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, for the last six centuries its very small population happened to come in close contact with some of Europe’s main political, academic and intellectual movements. Philosophy was among the interests fostered by its academics and intellectuals.

Philosophical language

Philosophical Radicals

Philosophical transactions

Philosophical Hall

Philosophical Inquiry is a peer-reviewed academic journal that publishes articles, reviews, and critical notes in all areas of philosophy. The journal aims to facilitate international communication of philosophical thought, and it does this by publishing submissions in English, German, or French from authors in several countries. Notable contributors include Gerard Casey, Theodoros Christidis, Alexander Nehamas, Vasiliki Karavakou, Fred Miller, Ron Polansky, Michael Polemis, and Nicholas Rescher. The journal is indexed in the International Philosophical Bibliography, The Philosopher's Index, and PhilPapers, and it has a Level 1 classification from the Publication Forum of the Federation of Finnish Learned Societies.. Philosophical Inquiry was established in 1978 by Prof. Dimitri Z. Andriop

Philosophical principles

Philosophy-of-science

Philosophic Whigs

Philosophical Letters

Philosophy, Politics and Economics or Politics, Philosophy, and Economics (PPE) is an interdisciplinary undergraduate/post-graduate degree which combines study from three disciplines. The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the University of Oxford in the 1920s. This particular course has produced a significant number of notable graduates such as Aung San Suu Kyi, Burmese politician, State Counsellor of Myanmar, Nobel Peace Prize winner; Christopher Hitchens, the British–American polemicist, Oscar winning writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck; Philippa Foot a British philosopher; Harold Wilson, Edward Heath and David Cameron, former Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom; Hugh Gaitskell, William Hague and Ed Miliband, former Leaders of the Opposition; former Prime Minister of Pakistan Benazir Bhutto and current Prime Minister of Pakistan Imran Khan; and Malcolm Fraser, Bob Hawke and Tony Abbott, former Prime Ministers of Australia. The course received fresh attention in 2017, when Nobel Peace Prize winner Malala Yousafzai earned a place. In the 1980s, the University of York went on to establish its own PPE degree based upon the Oxford model; King's College London, the University of Warwick, the University of Manchester, and other British universities later followed. According to the BBC, the Oxford PPE "dominate[s] public life" (in the UK). It is now offered at several other leading colleges and universities around the world. More recently Warwick University and King’s College added a new degree under the name of PPL (Politics, Philosophy and Law) with the aim to bring an alternative to the more classical PPE degrees.

Philosophical Issues

Philosophical child

Philosophy in Australia

Philosophy (Ben Folds Five Song)

Philosophical toys

PhilosophyOfLanguage

Philosophy and literature involves the literary treatment of philosophers and philosophical themes (the literature of philosophy), and the philosophical treatment of issues raised by literature (the philosophy of literature).

Philosophy basic topics

Philosophy and Belief is a school subject taught at schools across South America. The subject bears many similarities to Religious Education (RE), a subject taught across the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth Countries. Its main differences are that it has more emphasis on areas such as debating, moral and philosophical issues and dilemmas, wars, and philosophy concerning life and death. It also looks at sexism, racism and religion in the media.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of LondonSeries B, Biological Sciences

Philosophical anarchism is an anarchist school of thought which holds that the state lacks moral legitimacy while not supporting violence to eliminate it. Though philosophical anarchism does not necessarily imply any action or desire for the elimination of the state, philosophical anarchists do not believe that they have an obligation or duty to obey the state, or conversely that the state has a right to command. Philosophical anarchism is a component especially of individualist anarchism.

Philosophical transactions b

Philosophical fiction

Philosophy and Literature is an academic journal founded in 1977 by Denis Dutton. It explores the connections between literary and philosophical studies by presenting ideas on the aesthetics of literature, critical theory, and the philosophical interpretation of literature. The journal, which has been characterized as "culturally conservative", aims to challenge "the cant and pretensions of academic priesthoods by publishing an assortment of lively, wide-ranging essays, notes, and reviews that are written in clear, jargon-free prose".

Philosophy and Theology

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society: Biological Sciences

Philosophical Gourmet Report

Philosophical Society at Newcastle-on-Tyne

Philosophical ethology

Philosophy and Belief

Philosophy and economics

Philosophy education

Philosophy & Rhetoric is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering rhetorical theory, ethics, continental philosophy, informal logic, argumentation theory, critical social theory, and political theory. It is published by Penn State University Press and was established in 1968. The editor-in-chief is Erik Doxtader (University of South Carolina). The journal was established in 1968 by Henry Johnstone Jr. and Carroll Arnold, who saw a need for a journal that would, among other things, investigate "rhetoric as a philosophical concept". Johnstone was the journal’s first editor, serving from 1967 to 1977, and then again from 1987 to 1997. Next to Johnstone, Gerard A. Hauser was the longest serving editor of the journal, filling the post from 1987 to 1993, and then from 2003 to 2017.

Philosophical Transactions A

Philosophy For All (PFA) is a London-based association of people interested in philosophy. It was founded in 1998. It aims to bridge the gap between professional and amateur philosophers, by holding talks, lectures and debates. Many of its events are held in pubs; and others in adult education colleges. According to its website, its aims are: "to encourage philosophical debate between professional and non-professional philosophers in a non-technical way; to provide a forum for an active exchange of ideas and information; to give guidance and information concerning courses as well as relevant literature in philosophy; to inspire those interested in philosophy to develop their interest further." It is believed to be the largest philosophy organisation in London in terms of membership. Its bi-annual Public Lecture is often attended by more than 100 people and its monthly Kant's Cave talks, which are often given by notable academics, regularly draw 70 or so people to a room above a pub in Euston. During the early years of the new millennium it organised a series of Round Table debates in which four leading philosophers and an audience of around 150 people would debate issues such as the relationship between science and philosophy. The PFA Public Lectures are a series of lectures held every six months or so (from around 2003 onwards) in which a well-known thinker gives a lecture and then holds a lengthy discussion session with the audience. The lectures give members of the public the opportunity to question and discuss with internationally-known philosophers who have included as Simon Blackburn, Antony Flew, Piers Benn, Jonathan Glover, Anthony Grayling, Ted Honderich, Moshe Machover, Nicholas Maxwell, Mary Margaret McCabe, Mary Midgley, David Papineau, Janet Radcliffe Richards, Barry C. Smith, Jonathan Wolff, Raymond Tallis, and Colin Wilson. Other regular monthly Philosophy For All events include a philosophy film club, seminars on important philosophical texts and regular Philosophical Walks in the countryside around London.

Philosophical Magazine B

Philosophy: The Best of Bill Hicks

Philosophical Library is a United States publisher specializing in psychology, philosophy, religion, and history. It was founded in 1941 by Dagobert D. Runes to publish the works of European intellectuals after the 1930s diaspora in the face of racial and religious discrimination. It has published works for 22 Nobel Prize winners and other key figures including Albert Einstein, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Paramahansa Yogananda and Albert Schweitzer. The company is based in New York City. Since 2007, the company has reissued out-of-print titles as print-on-demand through Amazon.com.

Philosophical logic

Philosophies of time

Philosophical skeptic

Philosophical anarchism is an anarchist school of thought which holds that the state lacks moral legitimacy while not supporting violence to eliminate it. Though philosophical anarchism does not necessarily imply any action or desire for the elimination of the state, philosophical anarchists do not believe that they have an obligation or duty to obey the state, or conversely that the state has a right to command. Philosophical anarchism is a component especially of individualist anarchism. Scholar Michael Freeden identifies four broad types of individualist anarchism. He says the first is the type associated with William Godwin that advocates self-government with a "progressive rationalism that included benevolence to others". The second type is egoism, most associated with Max Stirner. The third type is "found in Herbert Spencer's early predictions, and in that of some of his disciples such as Donisthorpe, foreseeing the redundancy of the state in the source of social evolution". The fourth type retains a moderated form of egoism and accounts for social cooperation through the advocacy of the market, having such followers as Benjamin Tucker and Henry David Thoreau.

Philosophisches Archiv

Philosophical doubt

Philosophy for Children, sometimes abbreviated to P4C, is a movement that aims to teach reasoning and argumentative skills to children. There are also related methods sometimes called "Philosophy for Young People" or "Philosophy for Kids". Often the hope is that this will be a key influential move towards a more democratic form of democracy. However, there is also a long tradition within higher education of developing alternative methods for teaching philosophy both in schools and colleges (see "philosophy education"). Although the noted developmental psychologist Jean Piaget was of the impression that children were not capable of critical thinking until age 11 or 12, the experience of many philosophers and teachers with young children gives reason to believe that children benefit from philosophical inquiry even in early primary school. Furthermore, there is empirical evidence that teaching children reasoning skills early in life greatly improves other cognitive and academic skills and greatly assists learning in general.

Philosophical Forum

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B: Biological Sciences

Philosophy for Everyone

Philosophische

Philosophicians

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences is a fortnightly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by the Royal Society. It publishes original research and review content in a wide range of physical scientific disciplines. Articles can be accessed online a few months prior to the printed journal. All articles become freely accessible two years after their publication date. The current editor-in-chief is John Dainton.

Philosophical posthumanism

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society Biological Sciences

The existence of philosophical sin was a debate waged in the Catholic Church in the late seventeenth century. A philosophical sin is a morally bad act which violates the natural order of reason, not the divine law. The idea of philosophical sin, as opposed to theological sin, was advocated by those who wished to construct a moral system independent of God. This doctrine of philosophical sin was censured as scandalous, temerarious, and erroneous by Pope Alexander VIII in 1690 in his condemnation of the following proposition:

Philosophical Studies is a peer-reviewed academic journal for philosophy in the analytic tradition. The journal is devoted to the publication of papers in exclusively analytic philosophy and welcomes papers applying formal techniques to philosophical problems. It was established in 1950 by Herbert Feigl and Wilfrid Sellars. Starting in 1972, publication was assumed by D. Reidel. It is currently published by Springer, a corporate heir of D. Reidel.

Philosophy For All

Philosophical Studies

Philosophical Psychology (journal)

Philosophus Autodidactus

Philosophy and science

Philosophical tradition

Philosophy, politics, and economics

Philosophical Library is a United States publisher specializing in psychology, philosophy, religion, and history. It was founded in 1941 by Dagobert D. Runes to publish the works of European intellectuals after the 1930s diaspora in the face of racial and religious discrimination. It has published works for 22 Nobel Prize winners and other key figures including Albert Einstein, Jean-Paul Sartre, Simone de Beauvoir, Paramahansa Yogananda and Albert Schweitzer. Philosophical Library’s top sellers include Einstein's Out of My Later Years, Khalil Gibran's Tears and Laughter, Max Planck's Classical Mathematics, and Sartre’s Being and Nothingness. The company is based in New York City. Since 2007, the company has reissued out-of-print titles as print-on-demand through Amazon.com.

Philosophical Gourmet

PhilosophyOfPerception

Philosophic value

Philosophie zoologique ("Zoological Philosophy, or Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals") is an 1809 book by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in which he outlines his pre-Darwinian theory of evolution, part of which is now known as Lamarckism.

Philosophical Institute of Victoria

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Containing Papers of a Biological Character

Philosophical radicals

Classical Newtonian physics has, formally, been replaced by quantum mechanics on the small scale and relativity on the large scale. Because most humans continue to think in terms of the kind of events we perceive in the human scale of daily life, it became necessary to provide a new philosophical interpretation of classical physics. Classical mechanics worked extremely well within its domain of observation but made inaccurate predictions at very small scale – atomic scale systems – and when objects moved very fast or were very massive. Viewed through the lens of quantum mechanics or relativity, we can now see that classical physics, imported from the world of our everyday experience, includes notions for which there is no actual evidence. For example, one commonly held idea is that there exists one absolute time shared by all observers. Another is the idea that electrons are discrete entities like miniature planets that circle the nucleus in definite orbits. The correspondence principle says that classical accounts are approximations to quantum mechanics that are for all practical purposes equivalent to quantum mechanics when dealing with macro-scale events. Various problems occur if classical mechanics is used to describe quantum systems, such as the ultraviolet catastrophe in black-body radiation, the Gibbs paradox, and the lack of a zero point for entropy. Since classical physics corresponds more closely to ordinary language than modern physics does, this subject is also a part of the philosophical interpretation of ordinary language, which has other aspects, as well.

Philosophy and Literature (journal)

Philosophy cafe

Philosophy, Christian View Of

Philosophy Sharing Foundation

Philosophical Society of Glasgow

Philosophical View

Philosophical

Philosophy for Children, sometimes abbreviated to P4C, is a movement that aims to teach reasoning and argumentative skills to children. There are also related methods sometimes called "Philosophy for Young People" or "Philosophy for Kids". Often the hope is that this will be a key influential move towards a more democratic form of democracy. However, there is also a long tradition within higher education of developing alternative methods for teaching philosophy both in schools and colleges (see "philosophy education").

Philosophy and the general public

Philosophy: Who Needs It

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences

PhilosophyAndLogic

Philosophische Untersuchungen über das Wesen der menschlichen Freiheit und die damit zusammenhängenden Gegenstände

Philosophical dictionaries and encyclopedias

Philosophies

Philosophical Topics is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering all major areas of philosophy. Each thematic issue consists entirely of invited papers. Recent issues have been concerned with perception, agency, modern philosophy, identity, and free will. The journal is published by the University of Arkansas philosophy department and the University of Arkansas Press. The editor-in-chief is Jack Lyons.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London A

Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Benedikt XVI

Philosophy East and West is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering non-Western traditions of philosophy in relation to Anglo-American philosophy, integrating the discipline with literature, science, and social practices. Special issues have been devoted to topics as diverse as "Problems of the Self", "Existence: An East-West Dialogue", "Philosophy and Revolution", and "Environmental Ethics".

Philosophy in China

Philosophical vial

Philosophical novels

Philosophical gardening

Philosophical aspects of the abortion debate

Philosophy Talk

Philosophy and space and time

Philosophy Malta

Philosophical schools

Philosophical Perspectives is an annual peer-reviewed academic journal of philosophy. Each annual volume is dedicated to a specific theme addressing philosophical problems. The founding editor-in-chief was , who edited the series from 1987 to 2002. Philosophical Perspectives became a supplement to Noûs in 1996 and is currently published by Wiley-Blackwell.

Philosophy Talk is a talk radio program co-hosted by John Perry, Ken Taylor, and Joshua Landy, who are professors at Stanford University. The show is also available as a podcast, available for purchase. The program deals both with fundamental problems of philosophy and with the works of famous philosophers, especially as these relate to our contemporary, day-to-day lives. Some of the wide range of topics of past programs include terrorism, misogyny, intellectual humility, democracy, Descartes, genetic engineering, and virtue. The program is broadcast from the studios of KALW, 91.7 FM, San Francisco, California and is nationally syndicated, airing on radio stations around the country as well as on SiriusXM.

Philosophoumena

Philosophy in America

Philosophical Hall is a historic building at 104 5th Street in Center City, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US. Located near Independence Hall, the building has, for over 200 years, been the headquarters of the American Philosophical Society. It was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1965 for its association with that organization.

Philosophy & Rhetoric is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering rhetorical theory, ethics, continental philosophy, informal logic, argumentation theory, critical social theory, and political theory. It is published by Penn State University Press and was established in 1968. The editor-in-chief is Erik Doxtader (University of South Carolina). The journal was established in 1968 by Henry Johnstone Jr. and Carroll Arnold, who saw a need for a journal that would, among other things, investigate "rhetoric as a philosophical concept".

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, B

Philosophy, Politics, Economics

A philosophical poet is an author or scholar who employs poetic devices, styles, or forms to explore subjects common to the field of philosophy. Their writing often addresses questions related to the meaning of life, the nature of being (ontology), theories of knowledge and knowing (epistemology), principles of beauty (aesthetics), first principles of things (metaphysics) or the existence of God. Some may make broad philosophical inquires and engage with diverse philosophical topics throughout their poetry, while others may concentrate within one branch of philosophical poetry. For example, Dante is considered by some to be both a philosophical poet, in a general sense, as well as a metaphysical poet.

Philosophical intuition

The Philosophical Institute of Victoria was a scientific institute functioned in Victoria, Australia during 19th century. It was founded in 1854 through the amalgamation of the Victorian Institute for the Advancement of Science and the Philosophical Society of Victoria. The first meeting of the newly amalgamated group was held on 10 July 1855 at the Museum of Natural History, chaired by a representative of the Victorian Institute, Dr J. Maund. According to the amalgamation statement, 'the objects of the Philosophical Institute shall be the same as that of the Philosophical Society, and that the mode of operation of the new Institute shall be the same as that of the old Society'. The inaugural president was the Victorian Surveyor General Captain Andrew Clark. Papers read at the first meeting included:
* 'On the physical character of the County of Heytesbury'. By Robert Scott.
* 'On the favourable geological and chemical nature of the principal rocks and soils of Victoria, in reference to the production of ordinary cereals and wine.' By Clement Hodgkinson.
* A meteorological table of the climatology for June of that year was also presented, while large numbers of natural history specimens, some new to science, were also exhibited. In 1857 the Philosophical Institute formed an Exploration Committee with the aim of investigating the practicability of fitting out an exploring expedition. A number of prominent Victorian scientists and engineers including Redmond Barry, Clement Hodgkinson and Ferdinand von Mueller. The Institute became the Royal Society of Victoria after receiving a Royal Charter in 1859.

Philosophical pitch

Philosophical method

Philosophical Institute of Canterbury

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Part 1

American Philosophical Society Hall

Philosophical Society of Newcastle-on-Tyne

Philosophise

Philosophical Inquiry

Philosophical Zombie

Philosophical Inquiries into the Nature of Human Freedom

Philosophical Counseling

Philosophy Students Association (Concordia)

Philosophy & Public Affairs

Philosophical instrument

Philosophy in Iran

Philosophical interpretation of quantum physics

Philosophical Radical

Philosophical progress

Philosophy East and West

Philosophy, Politics, and Economics

Philosophical theories

Philosophie zoologique ("Zoological Philosophy, or Exposition with Regard to the Natural History of Animals") is an 1809 book by the French naturalist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, in which he outlines his pre-Darwinian theory of evolution, part of which is now known as Lamarckism. In the book, Lamarck named two supposed laws that would enable animal species to acquire characteristics under the influence of the environment. The first law stated that use or disuse would cause body structures to grow or shrink over the generations. The second law asserted that such changes would be inherited. Those conditions together imply that species continuously change by adaptation to their environments, forming a branching series of evolutionary paths. Lamarck was largely ignored by the major French zoologist Cuvier, but he attracted much more interest abroad. The book was read carefully, but its thesis rejected, by nineteenth century scientists including the geologist Charles Lyell and the comparative anatomist Thomas Henry Huxley. Darwin acknowledged Lamarck as an important zoologist, and his theory a forerunner of Darwin's evolution by natural selection.

Philosophies of mind

Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Benedikt XVI. Heiligenkruez

Philosophy Now

Philosophical naturalist

Philosophical perfectionism

Philosophic reason

Philosophical naturalism

Philosophical hermeneutics

Philosophy: Who Needs It is a collection of essays by Ayn Rand, published posthumously in 1982. It was the last book on which Rand worked during her lifetime.

Philosophical Subdisciplines

Philosophical poets

Philosophy in 90 Minutes series

Philosophical critiques of science

The Philosophical Magazine is one of the oldest scientific journals published in English. It was established by Alexander Tilloch in 1798; in 1822 Richard Taylor became joint editor and it has been published continuously by Taylor & Francis ever since.

The Philosophical Notebooks of Lenin were a series of summaries and commentaries on philosophical works by Lenin. Included were works by Aristotle, Hegel, Feuerbach, Marx, and Deborin. Lenin's notes on dialectics played an influential role in Soviet and Chinese studies on contradiction and the unity of opposites. The Notebooks are often contrasted by scholars with Lenin's Empiriocriticism. The proper interpretation of the notebooks would play a major role in the Mechanist debate of the 1920s in the USSR and the One Divides Into Two controversy of 1964 in China.

Philosophy & Theology & Mysticism Book Review

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Part A

Philosophical radical

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, B: Biological Sciences

Philosophical view

Philosophical essay

Philosophical investigations

Philosophische Untersuchungen

Philosophy for Children

Philosophical Cosmology

Philosophies of science

Philosophical ism

Philosophical problem

Philosophical Reflections in the Naisadhacarita is the doctoral (Ph.D.) thesis of Harekrishna Meher done in Banaras Hindu University in 1981. It discusses philosophical ideas as reflected in the Sanskrit Mahakavya ‘Naisadhacaritam’ authored by the distinguished poet Sriharsa (12th century). This book (ISBN 9788185094212), first published in 1989 by Punthi Pustak Calcutta, is circulated worldwide. Naisadhacarita Mahakavya of poet enjoys a prominent position among the five great epics of Sanskrit Literature. Also known as ‘’ or ‘Naishadhiya’, this epic contains twenty-two cantos completed with 2827 verses. Its main theme is the story of love between Nala, the King of Nisadha country and Damayanti, the Princess of Vidarbha. The story of Nala and Damayanti is found in the Mahabharata of Vyasa and Kathasaritsagara of Somadeva. The episode of the epic has been taken from the Mahabharata. Poet Sriharsa has remodelled the story and has added the sentiment of love to it. Philosophical Importance of Naisadhacarita : In Naisadhacarita, Indian literature and philosophy are interwoven. Indian philosophy has the celebrity all over the world for its intellectual and practical eminence. The keynote of almost all the philosophical systems is the realization of Truth and Self, annihilation of mundane sufferings and attainment of supreme happiness. Ways are many, but the destination is one. Sriharsa’s epic has several philosophical trends in the light of the thoughts revealed by the minds of the great Aryan thinkers. Poet Sriharsa is a deep-delved philosopher. His Naisadhacarita, even with its epical characteristics, forms a philosophical profile. This literary composition addresses itself to a critical review of social norms and ethics. Romanticism of the Nala-Damayanti-episode reigns superb; yet other factors of life are also taken into account in the greater perspective of human existence. Sriharsa has not dilated upon all the topics of all the Indian philosophical systems; still his philosophical purview provides a general survey. Various philosophical notions are compressed and communed with the literary matter of the epic. No sequence is seen in the philosophical allusions and they are found scattered in over two hundred and thirty verses of different cantos. For the philosophical affluence with scriptural influence, Canto-XVII is really remarkable. Some definite items of almost all the systems, theist and atheist, spiritual and non-spiritual, orthodox and heterodox, are traced with unfailing philosophical focuses. This significant canto forms an excellent index of Sriharsa’s dexterous genius, originality and inviting innovations in the Indian.philosophical sphere. It may be observed that with the infusion of philosophical phenomena, Sriharsa’s aim is to suitably embellish the aesthetic status of his literary work and to sincerely evince his philosophical acumen as well. He has successfully designed his poetic art with the philosophical features noticeable not only in plain illustrations, but also in many a double entendre. Author of the Book, Dr. Meher remarks : "Sriharsa’s Naisadhacarita seems burdensome for general readers; but it serves as a repository of epical riches. This literary composition earns high admirations from many noted Sanskrit scholars, both oriental and occidental. For the felicitous expression, bold approach, intellectual relevance, emotional charm, scriptural significance, philosophical probing and above all, scholarly structure of Indian wisdom, this epic is renowned as a monumental masterpiece in Sanskrit." The Author further expresses : "Sriharsa’s eruditions on all the philosophical systems are very well marked and the sublimity of Monistic Vedanta has been maintained in the Naisadhacarita. Literary merit has not been belittled by the philosophical concepts inserted into the literature; rather it has been enhanced, since they have been contextually and befittingly utilized as some favourable figures of speech without causing any levity of meaning and without marring the literary beauty of the epic. * * Bearing, though unsystematically, the outlines of diverse philosophical aspects, from Carvaka up to Vedanta in a bird’s eye-view, this literary epic appears as an epitome of Indian Philosophy weighed carefully by the poet-philosopher Sriharsa. Through the scriptural and canonical connections, all the thoughts signify the cultural heritage of the vast country of India and Indianness." Brief Sketch of the Philosophical Study : The book "Philosophical Reflections in the Naisadhacarita" is accomplished with ten chapters.
* Chapter- I bears Introduction regarding general observations on Sriharsa and his works.
* In Chapter- II, the heterodox materialism of Carvaka has been analysed.
* In Chapter -III, views of Samkhya philosophy have been summarized.
* In Chapter- IV, Concepts of Yoga philosophy have been discussed.
* In Chapter -V, Mimamsa philosophy has found a place of discourse.
* In Chapter -VI, some doctrines of philosophy have been elucidated.
* In Chapter- VII, Jaina philosophy has been briefly brought to the philosophical disquisition.
* Chapter -VIII comprises the concepts of Nyaya-Vaisesika philosophy.
* In Chapter -IX, Vedanta philosophy has been critically construed.
* Chapter- X forms the concluding review on the epic from different angles. Depicting the literary theme of love, Poet Sriharsa has looked into the inner sense of life through various philosophical topics in his Mahakavya ‘Naisadhacarita’. Some Comments on this Thesis : “Sriharsha has the catholicity to absorb the teachings of both theistic and atheistic schools, and one is astounded to see the fusion of conflicting trends in his court-epic. The writer of the present dissertation has discussed all these issues in the work which can claim originality on many counts. On the whole, my impression on the thesis is extremely favourable. The work is marked by originality of thought and freshness of approach, and I have every reason to believe that it will be admired by posterity as a document successful in its attempt to enrich the stock of human knowledge.”
* (Prof. Dr.Rama Ranjan Mukherjee, Former Vice-Chancellor of Burdwan University) “The thesis is a definite contribution to the studies of the Naisadhacarita. The study, further, has been very critical and exhaustive as can well be seen from the scholarly examination of the views of the different systems of Indian Philosophy like the Carvakas, the Nyaya-Vaisesikas, the Samkhyas, the Jainas, the different schools of Buddhism and the Advaita Vedanta, so laboriously culled from the poem. This presentation reveals not only the hard work on the part of the candidate, but also his sound understanding of the text before him and of Indian Philosophy also. The thesis has been arranged and presented in a systematic manner and has been lucidly written.”
* (Prof. Dr. T.G.Mainkar, Former Director, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Pune) “The candidate has taken serious pains to see how the poet has worked out the theme in the light of Indian metaphysics and ethics. It is a remarkable amalgam of truth and fiction, fact and artifact. I congratulate the candidate for his honest and sincere attempts, his critical acumen and deep philosophical insight. I have reasons to believe that it is a real contribution to the world of academicians.”
* (Prof. Dr. K.N. Chatterjee, Former Prof. Rabindra Bharati University, Calcutta) (Courtesy : Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India)

The Philosophical Institute of Victoria was a scientific institute functioned in Victoria, Australia during 19th century. It was founded in 1854 through the amalgamation of the Victorian Institute for the Advancement of Science and the Philosophical Society of Victoria. The first meeting of the newly amalgamated group was held on 10 July 1855 at the Museum of Natural History, chaired by a representative of the Victorian Institute, Dr J. Maund. According to the amalgamation statement, 'the objects of the Philosophical Institute shall be the same as that of the Philosophical Society, and that the mode of operation of the new Institute shall be the same as that of the old Society'. The inaugural president was the Victorian Surveyor General Captain Andrew Clark.

Philosophy, Politics and Economics or Politics, Philosophy, and Economics (PPE) is an interdisciplinary undergraduate/post-graduate degree which combines study from three disciplines. The first institution to offer degrees in PPE was the University of Oxford in the 1920s. This particular course has produced a significant number of notable graduates such as Aung San Suu Kyi, Burmese politician, State Counsellor of Myanmar, Nobel Peace Prize winner; Christopher Hitchens, the British–American polemicist, Oscar winning writer and director Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck; Philippa Foot a British philosopher; Harold Wilson, Edward Heath and David Cameron, former Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom; Hugh Gaitskell, William Hague and Ed Miliband, former Leaders of the Opposition; former Prime

Philosophical nominalism

Philosophical practice

Philosophy & Social Criticism

Philosophical ontology

Philosophical biography

Philosophical viewpoint

Philosophical Society of Paisley

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, Series B

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B

Philosophical poetry

Philosophy in Russia

PhilosophicalMethod

Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science

Philosophical Consultancy

Philosophical Society

Philosophy in the Boudoir

Philosophical Magazine Letters

Philosophical terminism

Philosophical Movements

Philosophische Aphorismen nebst einigen Anleitungen zur philosophischen Geschichte

Philosophical theology

Philosophical Reflections in the Naisadhacarita

Philosophical law

Philosophy and Religion in Star Trek

Classical Newtonian physics has, formally, been replaced by quantum mechanics on the small scale and relativity on the large scale. Because most humans continue to think in terms of the kind of events we perceive in the human scale of daily life, it became necessary to provide a new philosophical interpretation of classical physics. Classical mechanics worked extremely well within its domain of observation but made inaccurate predictions at very small scale – atomic scale systems – and when objects moved very fast or were very massive. Viewed through the lens of quantum mechanics or relativity, we can now see that classical physics, imported from the world of our everyday experience, includes notions for which there is no actual evidence. For example, one commonly held idea is that there e

Philosophiæ Doctor

Philosophical Fragments, or a Fragment of Philosophy