Low-raise jeans

Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance

In human-computer interaction, low-key feedback is a type of output that takes a background role by being very subtle, sometimes nearly imperceptible. Physical machines often provide rich low-key feedback as a byproduct of their design. In computer spyware, the low-key feedback usually needs to be designed in. The benefit of low-key feedback is that it can provide always available indication without cluttering the user interface with explicit indicators such as text labels or indicator lights. The downside of low-key feedback is that it can be too subtle to some users and it often cannot be self-describing to beginners. For example, a person driving an automobile has several means of being informed about the operation of the engine. In addition to the dashboard lights, the driver also perceives the sound and vibration of the engine. An abnormal sound or vibration alerts the driver that there may be a problem, while a typical sound or vibration assures the driver that everything is going as normal. Making the automobile completely silent might negatively impact the performance of the driver, as he must expend additional effort to stay informed about the operation of vehicle. Similarly, a computer program that has two modes of operation might employ low-key feedback to keep the user informed about the current mode. If the program had a view mode and an edit mode, background color of the workspace might subtly change from white to pale yellow when switching to edit mode. A web browser application could keep track of the pages the user has visited and alter the colors of links that point to pages the user has already viewed.

Low-level injection conditions for a p–n junction refers to the state where the number of minority carriers generated is small compared to the majority carriers of the material. The semiconductor's majority-carrier concentration will remain (relatively) unchanged, while the minority-carrier concentration sees a large increase. In this condition minority-carrier recombination rates are linear. The following equation must be satisfied for a semiconductor under carrier injection conditions: Therefore and .

Low-level Radioactive waste

Low-class

Low-fare carrier

Low-enriched uranium

Low-energy building

In the United States and Canada, low-speed vehicle (LSV) regulations allow relaxed design and registration laws for four-wheel vehicles that have a maximum capable speed of about 25 mph (40 km/h). Several other countries have similar regulations.

Low-frequency Collective Motion

Low cycle fatigue has two fundamental characteristics: plastic deformation in each cycle; and low cycle phenomenon, in which the materials have finite endurance for this type of load. The term cycle refers to repeated applications of stress that lead to eventual fatigue and failure; low-cycle pertains to a long period between applications. Study in fatigue has been focusing on mainly two fields: application in designing regarding size in aeronautics and energy production using advanced calculation methods. The LCF result allows us to study the behavior of the material in greater depth to better understand the complex mechanical and metallurgical phenomena (crack propagation, work softening, strain concentration, work hardening, etc.).

Low-carbon transport

In enzymology, a low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + [low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-L-serine ADP + [low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-O-phospho-L-serine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and [[[low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-L-serine]], whereas its two products are ADP and [[[low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-O-phospho-L-serine]].

In telecommunication, the term low-performance equipment has the following meanings:
* Equipment that has imprecise characteristics that do not meet requirements.
* In military communications, equipment that has insufficiently exacting characteristics to permit its use in trunks or links.Note: Low-performance equipment may be used in loops if it meets loop performance requirements.
* Tactical ground and airborne equipment that (a) has size, weight, and complexity characteristics that must be kept to a minimum and (b) is used in systems that have components with similar minimum performance characteristics. This article incorporates public domain material from the General Services Administration document "Federal Standard 1037C" (in support of MIL-STD-188).

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a technology that can be used for therapeutic purposes. It exploits low intensity and pulsed mechanical waves in order to induce regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects on biological tissues, such as bone, cartilage, and tendon. Even if the real mechanism underlying its effectiveness has not been understood yet, it is plausible that the treatment relies on non-thermal phenomena, such as microbubbles and microjets induced by cavitation, acoustic streaming, and mechanical stimulation.

Low-density parity-check codes

Low-frequency effect

Low-tide elevations

Low-k dielectric

Low-threshold treatment programs

Low-temperature thermal desorption (LTTD), also known as low-temperature thermal volatilization, thermal stripping, and soil roasting, is an ex-situ remedial technology that uses heat to physically separate petroleum hydrocarbons from excavated soils. Thermal desorbers are designed to heat soils to temperatures sufficient to cause constituents to volatilize and desorb (physically separate) from the soil. Although they are not designed to decompose organic constituents, thermal desorbers can, depending upon the specific organics present and the temperature of the desorber system, cause some organic constituents to completely or partially decompose. The vaporized hydrocarbons are generally treated in a secondary treatment unit (e.g., an afterburner, catalytic oxidation chamber, condenser, or

Low-delay CELP

Low-frequency collective motion in proteins and DNA

Low-level document

Low-flow

Low-g condition is a phase of aerodynamic flight where the airframe is temporarily unloaded. The pilot—and the airframe—feel temporarily "weightless" because the aircraft is in free-fall or decelerating vertically at the top of a climb. It may also occur during an excessively rapid entry into autorotation. This can have a disastrous effect on the aircraft, particularly in the case of helicopters, some of which need the rotor to constantly be under a non-zero amount of load.

Low-power TV

Low-spin

Low-molecular weight heparin

Low-frequency oscillator

Low-energy light bulb

Low-noise blockconverter

Low-life

Low-emissivity

Low-poly

Low-level Circulation Center

Low-power electronics are electronics, such as notebook processors, that have been designed to use less electric power.

Low-information signaling

Low-fare airline company

Low-molecular-weight phosphotyrosine phosphatase

Low-density lipoprotein receptor

Low-magnitude earthquake

Low-technology

Low-power computing

A low-noise block downconverter (LNB) is the receiving device mounted on satellite dishes used for satellite TV reception, which collects the radio waves from the dish and converts them to a signal which is sent through a cable to the receiver inside the building. Also called a low-noise block, low-noise converter (LNC), or even low-noise downconverter (LND), the device is sometimes inaccurately called a low-noise amplifier (LNA). The LNB is a combination of low-noise amplifier, frequency mixer, local oscillator and intermediate frequency (IF) amplifier. It serves as the RF front end of the satellite receiver, receiving the microwave signal from the satellite collected by the dish, amplifying it, and downconverting the block of frequencies to a lower block of intermediate frequencies (IF). This downconversion allows the signal to be carried to the indoor satellite TV receiver using relatively cheap coaxial cable; if the signal remained at its original microwave frequency it would require an expensive and impractical waveguide line. The LNB is usually a small box suspended on one or more short booms, or feed arms, in front of the dish reflector, at its focus (although some dish designs have the LNB on or behind the reflector). The microwave signal from the dish is picked up by a feedhorn on the LNB and is fed to a section of waveguide. One or more metal pins, or probes, protrude into the waveguide at right angles to the axis and act as antennas, feeding the signal to a printed circuit board inside the LNB's shielded box for processing. The lower frequency IF output signal emerges from a socket on the box to which the coaxial cable connects. The LNB gets its power from the receiver or set-top box, using the same coaxial cable that carries signals from the LNB to the receiver. This phantom power travels to the LNB; opposite to the signals from the LNB. A corresponding component, called a block upconverter (BUC), is used at the satellite earth station (uplink) dish to convert the band of television channels to the microwave uplink frequency.

Low-molecular weight-heparin

Low-pressure laminate

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a rare type of low grade sarcoma first described by Harry Evans in 1987. It is characterized by a long and indolent clinical course and the possibility of local recurrence or distant metastases in a subset of patients. Unlike many other types of cancer, low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma can metastasize after many years, sometimes decades after the initial presentation of the tumor.

Low-power FSM synthesis

Low-ki

Low-sodium salt

Low-pass band-pass transformation

Low-information rationality

Low-power laser therapy

Low-density amorphous ice

Low-carbon steel

Low-hanging fruit

Low-slung pants

Low-earth orbit

Low-mass X-ray binary

Low-eye catfish

Low-energy electron microscopy

Low-rise jeans

Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding protein

Low-frequency radar

A low-probability-of-intercept radar (LPIR) is a radar employing measures to avoid detection by passive radar detection equipment (such as a radar warning receiver (RWR), or electronic support receiver) while it is searching for a target or engaged in target tracking. This characteristic is desirable in a radar because it allows finding and tracking an opponent without alerting them to the radar's presence. This also protects the radar installation from anti-radiation missiles (ARM). LPI measures include:
* Power management and high duty cycle (long integration times)
* Wide bandwidth (or Ultra-wideband)
* Frequency Agility, and frequency selection
* Advanced/irregular scan patterns
* Coded pulses (coherent detection)
* High processing gain
* Low sidelobe antennas

Low-temperature thermal desorption

Low-pulsed

Low-degree saturation

Low-rise is a style of clothing designed to sit low on, or below, the hips. The style can also be called lowcut, hipster, or hip-hugger. and can apply to garments worn by males or females. The term can be applied to all garments that cover the wearer's crotch area, including trousers, jeans, shorts, skirts, panties, briefs, bikinis, pantyhose, and tights.

Low-cost housing (disambiguation)

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma

Low-rider

Low-powered television

Low-powered broadcasting

Low-cut dress

In telecommunication, the term low-performance equipment has the following meanings:
* Equipment that has imprecise characteristics that do not meet requirements.
* In military communications, equipment that has insufficiently exacting characteristics to permit its use in trunks or links.Note: Low-performance equipment may be used in loops if it meets loop performance requirements.
* Tactical ground and airborne equipment that (a) has size, weight, and complexity characteristics that must be kept to a minimum and (b) is used in systems that have components with similar minimum performance characteristics.

Low-set ears

Low-cost airlines

Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr; also known as chromodulin) is an oligopeptide that seems to transport chromium in the body. It consists of four amino acid residues; aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, and glycine, bonded with four (Cr3+) centers. It interacts with the insulin receptor, by prolonging kinase activity through stimulating the tyrosine kinase pathway, thus leading to improved glucose absorption. and has been confused with glucose tolerance factor. The exact mechanisms underlying this process are currently unknown. Evidence for the existence of this protein comes from the fact that the removal of 51Cr in the blood exceeds the rate of 51Cr formation in the urine. This indicates that the transport of Cr3+ must involve an intermediate (i.e. chromodulin) and that Cr3+ is moved from the blood to tissues in response to increased levels of insulin. Subsequent protein isolations in rats, dogs, mice and cows have shown the presence of a similar substance, suggesting that it is found extensively in mammals. This oligopeptide is small, having a molecular weight of around 1 500 g/mol and the predominant amino acids present are glutamic acid, glycine, and cysteine. Despite recent efforts to characterize the exact structure of chromodulin, it is still relatively unknown.

Low-pressure experiment

Low-rolling resistance tyres

Low-code platform

Low-frequency collective motion in proteins and DNA refers to the application of statistical thermodynamics to understand low-frequency vibrations in biomolecules. The concept was first proposed by Professors Kuo-Chen Chou (周国城) and Nian-Yi Chen (陈念贻) in studying the binding interaction between proteins such as insulin and insulin receptor . It was noted by them that enumerating the known explanations for the free energy change, such as translational and rotational entropy, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions, did not fully account for the observed free energy change for the reaction. It was inferred that the deficit could be explained by the creation of extra vibrational modes with very low wave numbers in the range of 10–100 cm−1, corresponding to the

Low-k

Low-observable

Low-post

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8 (LRP8), also known as apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRP8 gene. ApoER2 is a cell surface receptor that is part of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family. These receptors function in signal transduction and endocytosis of specific ligands. Through interactions with one of its ligands, reelin, ApoER2 plays an important role in embryonic neuronal migration and postnatal long-term potentiation. Another LDL family receptor, VLDLR, also interacts with reelin, and together these two receptors influence brain development and function. Decreased expression of ApoER2 is associated with certain neurological diseases.

Low-dimensional chaos in stellar pulsations

Low-cost country sourcing

Low-profit limited liability company

Low-information voter

Low-level design (LLD) is a component-level design process that follows a step-by-step refinement process. This process can be used for designing data structures, required software architecture, source code and ultimately, performance algorithms. Overall, the data organization may be defined during requirement analysis and then refined during data design work. Post-build, each component is specified in detail. The LLD phase is the stage where the actual software components are designed.

Finite state machines (FSMs) are widely used to implement control logic in various applications such as microprocessors, digital transmission, digital filters and digital signal processing. Even for designs containing a good number of datapath elements, the controller occupies a sizeable portion. As the devices are mostly portable and hand-held, reducing power dissipation has emerged as the primary concern of today’s VLSI designers. While the datapath elements can be shut down when they are not being used, controllers are always active. As a result, the controller consumes a good amount of system power. Thus, power-efficient synthesis of FSM has come up as a very important problem domain, attracting a lot of research. The synthesis method must be able to reduce both dynamic power and leaka

A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission. The spectra typically include line emission from weakly ionized or neutral atoms, such as O, O+, N+, and S+. Conversely, the spectral line emission from strongly ionized atoms, such as O++, Ne++, and He+, is relatively weak. The class of galactic nuclei was first identified by in the third of a series of papers on the spectra of galactic nuclei that were published in 1980.

Low-mid back unrounded vowel

Low-glycemic index diet

Low-power mode

Low-threshold treatment programs are harm reduction-based health care centers targeted towards drug users. "Low-threshold" programs are programs that make minimal demands on the patient, offering services without attempting to control their intake of drugs, and providing counselling only if requested. Low-threshold programs may be contrasted with "high-threshold" programs, which require the user to accept a certain level of control and which demand that the patient accept counselling. Low-threshold treatment programs are not to be confused with simple needle exchange programs, and may include comprehensive healthcare and counseling services. The International Journal of Drug Policy in its volume 24 published an Editorial which endeavoured to define a service known to be "low-threshold", based on some popular and known criteria. According to that Editorial, low-threshold services for drug users can be defined as those which offer services to drug users; do not impose abstinence from drug use as a condition of service access; and endeavour to reduce other documented barriers to service access.

Low-speed electric car

Low-meat diet

Low-income country

Low-grade pyrexia

Low-level injection

A low-flush toilet (or low-flow toilet or high-efficiency toilet) is a flush toilet that uses significantly less water than a full-flush toilet. Low-flush toilets use 4.8 litres (1.3 US gal; 1.1 imp gal) or less per flush, as opposed to 6 litres (1.6 US gal; 1.3 imp gal) or more. They came into use in the United States in the 1990s, in response to water conservation concerns. Low-flush toilets include single-flush models and dual-flush toilets, which typically use 1.6 USgpf for the full flush and 1.28 US for a reduced flush.

Low-level windshear alert system

kininogen 1

Low-flying aircraft

Low-intensity warfare

Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy

In enzymology, a low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (EC 2.7.11.29) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP + [low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-L-serine ADP + [low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-O-phospho-L-serine Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are ATP and [[[low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-L-serine]], whereas its two products are ADP and [[[low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-O-phospho-L-serine]]. This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in proteins (protein-serine/threonine kinases). The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP:[low-density-lipoprotein receptor]-L-serine O-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include ATP:low-density-lipoprotein-L-serine O-phosphotransferase, LDL receptor kinase, [low-density-lipoprotein] kinase, low-density lipoprotein kinase, low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase (phosphorylating), and STK7.

Low-set ears are ears with depressed positioning of the pinnae two or more standard deviations below the population average. It can be associated with conditions such as:
* Down syndrome
* Turner syndrome
* Noonan syndrome
* Patau syndrome
* DiGeorge syndrome
* Cri du chat syndrome
* Edwards syndrome
* Fragile X syndrome It is usually bilateral, but it can be unilateral in Goldenhar syndrome. A lethal form of low-set ears manifests in otocephaly, a very rare disorder characterized by absence of the mandible (agnathia) and partial or total merging of the ears at the midline (synotia). Due to the extent of craniofacial malformations, fetuses with otocephaly never survive to birth. Otocephaly occurs 1 in every 70,000 embryos.

Low-level (computing)

Low-pass equivalent

Low-grade heat

Low-frequency collective motion in proteins and DNA refers to the application of statistical thermodynamics to understand low-frequency vibrations in biomolecules. The concept was first proposed by Professors Kuo-Chen Chou (周国城) and Nian-Yi Chen (陈念贻) in studying the binding interaction between proteins such as insulin and insulin receptor . It was noted by them that enumerating the known explanations for the free energy change, such as translational and rotational entropy, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals interactions, and hydrophobic interactions, did not fully account for the observed free energy change for the reaction. It was inferred that the deficit could be explained by the creation of extra vibrational modes with very low wave numbers in the range of 10–100 cm−1, corresponding to the range of terahertz frequency (3×1011 to 3×1012 Hz). Subsequently, the aforementioned low-frequency modes have been indeed observed by Raman spectroscopy for a number of protein molecules and different types of DNA. These observed results have also been further confirmed by neutron scattering experiments.

Low-gravity

Low-level nuclear waste

The low-level equilibrium trap is a concept in economics developed by Richard R. Nelson, in which at low levels of per capita income people are too poor to save and invest much, and this low level of investment results in low rate of growth in national income. As per capita income rises above a certain minimum level at which there is zero saving, a rising proportion of income will be saved and invested and this will lead to higher rate of growth in income.

Low-threshold treatment programs are harm reduction-based health care centers targeted towards drug users. "Low-threshold" programs are programs that make minimal demands on the patient, offering services without attempting to control their intake of drugs, and providing counselling only if requested. Low-threshold programs may be contrasted with "high-threshold" programs, which require the user to accept a certain level of control and which demand that the patient accept counselling.

Low-light level TV

Low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy ("LEACH") is a TDMA-based MAC protocol which is integrated with clustering and a simple routing protocol in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The goal of LEACH is to lower the energy consumption required to create and maintain clusters in order to improve the life time of a wireless sensor network.

A low-noise amplifier (LNA) is an electronic amplifier that amplifies a very low-power signal without significantly degrading its signal-to-noise ratio. A typical amplifier increases the power of both the signal and the noise present at its input, whereas LNAs are designed to amplify a signal while minimizing additional noise. Designers can minimize additional noise by using low-noise components, operating points, and circuit topologies. Minimizing additional noise must balance with other goals such as power gain and impedance matching.

A low-cost account is a Canadian bank account that costs $4 or less per month. In February 2001, an agreement was reached with the Canadian federal government, which involved eight of Canada's major banks offering low-cost accounts to consumers, ensuring that every person has affordable banking. The accounts have benefits that include free deposits, a free debit card, cheques, free monthly statements, and up to 15 transactions per month.

Low-frequency effects

Low-fossil-fuel economy

Low-gain antenna

Low-power TV station

Low-grade fever

Low-grade

Low-level Waste

Low-slung trousers

Low-level formatting

Low-carbon power comes from processes or technologies that produce power with substantially lower amounts of carbon dioxide emissions than is emitted from conventional fossil fuel power generation. It includes low carbon power generation sources such as wind power, solar power, hydropower and nuclear power. The term largely excludes conventional fossil fuel plant sources, and is only used to describe a particular subset of operating fossil fuel power systems, specifically, those that are successfully coupled with a flue gas carbon capture and storage (CCS) system.

Low-latency

Low-hours contract

Low-surface-brightness galaxy

Low-fare airline

Low-sulfur diet

Low-frequency radar is radar which uses frequencies lower than 1 GHz such as L-band, UHF, VHF, and HF, as opposed to the usual radar bands, which range from 2 GHz and up, and the maximum is 40 GHz.The radar cross section of any target depends on the radar transmitted frequency. Below 900 MHz the target radar cross section increases exponentially, however the increased radar cross section means that there is much more radar return from undesirable sources, such as cloud cover and rain (cf. weather radar). It is because of this that radars are traditionally at much higher frequency, with an exception being the radars operated in the 3-30 MHz band which are used as over-the-horizon radar stations because signals in that range are able to reflect off the ionosphere. This technology was used by the Serbs in Kosovo during the Kosovo War in 1999. This technology was used to shoot down an F-117 Nighthawk via a specially modified anti-aircraft missile to use this radar to guide it towards the target. The Serbs say that this radar's drawback is that of the huge amount of clutter it creates because of the sensitivity of this radar. They also say that it is highly effective against stealth aircraft, stealth ships, etc. pending clutter can be reduced. Recent interest has accumulated in developing radars which operate in these low frequencies to help counter the advancement in stealth technology by applying advanced digital signal processing to these bands in order to reduce radar clutter. If the radar wavelength is roughly twice the size of the target, a half-wave resonance effect can still generate a significant return. However, low-frequency radar is limited by shortage of unused frequencies, lack of accuracy given the long wavelength, and by the radar's size, making it difficult to transport and making for an easy target. A long-wave radar may detect a target and roughly locate it, but not identify it, and the location information lacks sufficient weapon targeting accuracy

Low-fiber/low-residue diet

Low-speed vehicles

Low-caste Indians

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP-4), also known as multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains 7 (MEGF7), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LRP4 gene. LRP-4 is a member of the Lipoprotein receptor-related protein family and may be a regulator of Wnt signaling.

Low-noise block converter

Low-loader dolliy

The low-rate picture transmission (LRPT) is a digital transmission system, intended to deliver images and data from an orbital weather satellite directly to end users via a VHF radio signal. It is used aboard polar-orbiting, near-Earth weather satellite programs such as MetOp and NPOESS.

Low-cost solar cell

Low-pass filters

Low-level

Low-noise amplifier

Low-doc loan

Low-power communication device

Low-speed flight

A low-level windshear alert system (LLWAS) measures average surface wind speed and direction using a network of remote sensor stations, situated near runways and along approach or departure corridors at an airport. Wind shear is the generic term for wind differences over an operationally short distance (in relation to flight) which encompass meteorological phenomena including gust fronts, microbursts, vertical shear, and derechos.

Low-dimensional topology

Low-energy electron microscopy, or LEEM, is an analytical surface science technique used to image atomically clean surfaces, atom-surface interactions, and thin (crystalline) films. In LEEM, high-energy electrons (15-20 keV) are emitted from an electron gun, focused using a set of condenser optics, and sent through a magnetic beam deflector (usually 60˚ or 90˚). The “fast” electrons travel through an objective lens and begin decelerating to low energies (1-100 eV) near the sample surface because the sample is held at a potential near that of the gun. The low-energy electrons are now termed “surface-sensitive” and the near-surface sampling depth can be varied by tuning the energy of the incident electrons (difference between the sample and gun potentials minus the work functions of the samp

Low-energy ion scattering
Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), sometimes referred to simply as ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials. LEIS involves directing a stream of charged particles known as ions at a surface and making observations of the positions, velocities, and energies of the ions that have interacted with the surface. Data that is thus collected can be used to deduce information about the material such as the relative positions of atoms in a surface lattice and the elemental identity of those atoms. LEIS is closely related to both (MEIS) and high-energy ion scattering (HEIS, known in practice as Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, or RBS), differing primarily in the energy range of the ion beam used to probe the surface. While much of the information collected using LEIS can be obtained using other surface science techniques, LEIS is unique in its sensitivity to both structure and composition of surfaces. Additionally, LEIS is one of a very few surface-sensitive techniques capable of directly observing hydrogen atoms, an aspect that may make it an increasingly more important technique as the hydrogen economy is being explored.

Low-fidelity

Low-relief

Low-fi

Low-tech

Low-ionization nuclear emission line region

Low-speed electric vehicle

A low-fiber/low-residue diet is a diet whose goal is fewer and smaller bowel movements each day. The diet may be used as part of the bowel preparation before a diagnostic procedure such as colonoscopy or as a short-term therapy for acute stages of gastrointestinal illnesses such as Crohn's disease, diverticulitis, bowel obstruction, and ulcerative colitis. In addition, a low-fiber diet is often prescribed before and/or after abdominal surgery or cancer treatments.

Low-energy construction

Low-molecular-weight kininogen is a form of kininogen, which has been identified in mice, guinea pigs, and whales. It is also found in humans.

Low-discrepancy sequences

Low-power (Helium-Neon gas) lasers

Low-hour contract

Low-saturated fat diet

Low-emission vehicle

The low-frequency effects (LFE) channel is the name of an audio track specifically intended for deep, low-pitched sounds ranging from 3-120 Hz. This track is normally sent to a speaker that is specially designed for low-pitched sounds called the subwoofer. While LFE channels originated in Dolby Stereo 70 mm film prints, they became commonplace in the 1990s and 2000s in home theater systems used to reproduce film soundtracks for DVDs and Blu-ray discs.

Low-level programming

Low-pulsed ultrasounds

Low-threshold health care

Low-level radioactive Waste

Low-energy nuclear reaction

Low-pressure cell

Low-frequency electric resistance weld

Low-iron glass is a type of high-clarity glass that is made from silica with very low amounts of iron. This low level of iron removes the greenish-blue tint that can be seen especially on larger and thicker sizes of glass.Low-iron glass is used for aquariums, display cases, some windows, and other applications where clarity is desired. Low-iron glass typically has a ferric oxide content of about 0.01%. Ordinary plate glass has about 10x as much iron content. Low-iron glass is made from low-iron silica sand. In the United States, the primary sources for such sand are in Wisconsin. Fallingwater, a house designed by Frank Lloyd Wright and built in 1939, was one of the first houses to use low-iron glass for windows. Low iron glass is widely used in solar panels. Low-iron glass is sold under various brand names. Guardian Industries calls it "UltraClear" or "Ultrawhite". Pilkington calls it "Optiwhite". Vitro calls it "Starphire". Other brand names include "Starlite", "Krystal Klear", "Diamant" and "Eurowhite".

Low-melting alloys

Low-pressure sodium light

Low-latency queuing

Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound

Low-rise

Low-frequency oscillation (band)

Low-mid front unrounded vowel

Low-dispersion glass

Low-level Radioactive Waste

Low-mid front rounded vowel

Low-flow showerhead

Low-context society

Low-energy collision-induced dissociation

Low-pulsed ultrasound

Low-speed vehicle

Low-power radio

Low-mass x-ray binary

Low-maintenance

Low-cost country sourcing (LCCS) is procurement strategy in which a company sources materials from countries with lower labour and production costs in order to cut operating expenses. LCCS falls under a broad category of procurement efforts called global sourcing. The process of low-cost sourcing consists of two parties. The customer and the supplier countries like US, UK, Canada, Australia, and West European nations are considered as (HCC) whereas resource rich and regulated wage labor locations like China, India, Indonesia, Bolivia, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, and East European nations are considered (LCC). In low-cost-country sourcing the material (products) flows from LCC to HCC while the technology flows from HCC to LCC. The primary principle behind LCCS is to obtain sourcing efficiencies through identifying and exploiting cost arbitrage between geographies. Aside from price other reasons for engaging in global sourcing can include improved manufacturing capacity/ time frames, quality of goods, improved customer services and logistics benefits.

Low-crowned seahorse

Low-cost air carrier

Low-level design (LLD) is a component-level design process that follows a step-by-step refinement process. This process can be used for designing data structures, required software architecture, source code and ultimately, performance algorithms. Overall, the data organization may be defined during requirement analysis and then refined during data design work. Post-build, each component is specified in detail. The LLD phase is the stage where the actual software components are designed. During the detailed phase the logical and functional design is done and the design of application structure is developed during the high-level design phase.

Low-cycle fatigue

Low-flush toilet

Low-impact development (LID) has been defined as "development which through its low negative environmental impact either enhances or does not significantly diminish environmental quality". The interplay between would-be developers and the UK planning authorities since the 1980s has led to a diversity of unique, locally adapted developments, often making use of natural, local and reclaimed materials in delivering highly affordable, low or zero carbon housing. These LIDs often strive to be self-sufficient in terms of waste management, energy, water and other needs.

Low-mass high-density planet

Low-level injection conditions for a p–n junction refers to the state where the number of minority carriers generated is small compared to the majority carriers of the material. The semiconductor's majority-carrier concentration will remain (relatively) unchanged, while the minority-carrier concentration sees a large increase. In this condition minority-carrier recombination rates are linear. The following equation must be satisfied for a semiconductor under carrier injection conditions: where is the number of electrons, is the excess carriers injected into the semiconductor, and is the equilibrium concentration of electrons in the semiconductor The following relation must also be true, because for every electron injected a hole must also be created to keep a balance of charge: The assumption of low-level injection can be made regarding an n-type semiconductor, which affects the equations in the following way: Therefore and . In comparison, a semiconductor in means that the number of generated carriers is large compared to the background doping density of the material. In this condition minority carrier recombination rates are proportional to the number of carriers squared.

Low-fiber diet

Low-carbon energy

A low-life is a term for a person who is considered morally unacceptable by his or her community. Examples of people often labeled low-lives include aggressive panhandlers, bullies, criminals, drug dealers, freeloaders, hobos, gangsters, people associated with adhering to low culture, people who make constant use of profanities, prostitutes, pimps, scammers, sexual abusers, substance abusers, and thieves.

Low-level design

Low-frequency radio range

Low-fi.vs.sci-fi

Low-pressure sodium-vapor lamp

Low-molecular-weight kininogen

Low-mid vowel

Low-cost account

Low-fare air carrier

Low-pressure discharge

Low-income countries

Low-level circulation center

Low-key photography is a genre of photography consisting of shooting dark-colored scenes, and emphasizing natural or artificial light only on specific areas in the frame. This photographic style is usually used to create a mysterious atmosphere, that only suggests various shapes, often graphic, letting the viewer experience the photograph through subjective interpretation and often implies painting objects or the human body with black non-toxic dyes or pigments. Edward Weston, Yousuf Karsh and Irving Penn are among the photographers experienced with the "black on black" technique.

Low-rise (fashion)

In a scale-free network the degree distribution follows a power law function. In some empirical examples this power-law fits the degree distribution well only in the high degree region, however for small degree nodes the empirical degree-distribution deviates from it. See for example the network of scientific citations. This deviation of the observed degree-distribution from the theoretical prediction at the low-degree region is often referred as low-degree saturation. Typically the empirical degree-distribution deviates downwards from the power-law function fitted on higher order nodes, which means low-degree nodes are less frequent in real data than what is predicted by the Barabási–Albert model.

Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

Finite state machines (FSMs) are widely used to implement control logic in various applications such as microprocessors, digital transmission, digital filters and digital signal processing. Even for designs containing a good number of datapath elements, the controller occupies a sizeable portion. As the devices are mostly portable and hand-held, reducing power dissipation has emerged as the primary concern of today’s VLSI designers. While the datapath elements can be shut down when they are not being used, controllers are always active. As a result, the controller consumes a good amount of system power. Thus, power-efficient synthesis of FSM has come up as a very important problem domain, attracting a lot of research. The synthesis method must be able to reduce both dynamic power and leakage power consumed by the circuit.

Low-income

Low-impact development (disambiguation)

Low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) is a desalination technique which takes advantage of the fact that water evaporates at lower temperatures at low pressures, even as low as ambient temperature. The system uses vacuum pumps to create a low pressure, low-temperature environment in which water evaporates even at a temperature gradient of 8°C between two volumes of water. Cooling water is supplied from deep sea depths of as much as 600 metres (2,000 ft). This cold water is pumped through coils to condense the evaporated water vapor. The resulting condensate is purified water. The LTTD process may also take advantage of the temperature gradient available at power plants, where large quantities of warm cooling water are discharged from the plant, reducing the energy input needed to create a temperature gradient. The principle of LTTD has been known for some time, originally stemming from ocean thermal energy conversion research. Some experiments were conducted in the U.S. and Japan to test low-temperature-driven desalination technology. In Japan, a spray ﬂash evaporation system was developed by Saga University. In the U.S. Hawaiian Islands, the National Energy Laboratory tested an open-cycle OTEC plant with fresh water and power production using a temperature of 20°C between surface water and water at a depth of around 500 m. LTTD was studied by India's National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) from 2004. Their first LTTD plant was opened in 2005 at Kavaratti in the Lakshadweep islands. The plant's capacity is 100,000 litres (22,000 imp gal; 26,000 US gal)/day, at a capital cost of INR 50 million (€922,000). The plant uses deep sea water at a temperature of 7 to 15 °C (45 to 59 °F). In 2007, NIOT opened an experimental floating LTTD plant off the coast of Chennai with a capacity of 1,000,000 litres (220,000 imp gal; 260,000 US gal)/day. A smaller plant was established in 2009 at the North Chennai Thermal Power Station to prove the LTTD application where power plant cooling water is available.

Low-paying job

Low-noise converter

Low-code development platforms

Low-entry bus

Low-mass stars

Low-key

Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

Low-cost, low-fare airline

Low-performance equipment

The low-frequency radio range (LFR), also known as the four-course radio range, LF/MF four-course radio range, A-N radio range, Adcock radio range, or commonly "the range", was the main navigation system used by aircraft for instrument flying in the 1930s and 1940s, until the advent of the VHF omnidirectional range (VOR), beginning in the late 1940s. It was used for en route navigation as well as instrument approaches and holds. Based on a network of radio towers which transmitted directional radio signals, the LFR defined specific airways in the sky. Pilots navigated the LFR by listening to a stream of automated "A" and "N" Morse codes. For example, they would turn the aircraft to the right when hearing an "N" stream ("dah-dit, dah-dit, ..."), to the left when hearing an "A" stream ("di-dah, di-dah, ..."), and fly straight ahead while hearing a steady tone. As the VOR system was phased in around the world, the LFR was gradually phased out, mostly disappearing by the 1970s. There are no remaining operational LFR facilities today. At its maximum deployment, there were nearly 400 LFR stations in the U.S. alone.

A low-sulfur diet is a diet with reduced sulfur content. Sulfur containing compounds may also be referred to as thiols or mercaptans. Important dietary sources of sulfur and sulfur containing compounds may be classified as essential mineral (e.g. elemental sulfur), essential amino acid (methionine) and semi-essential amino acid (e.g. cysteine). Despite the importance of sulfur, restrictions of dietary sulfur are sometimes recommended for certain diseases and for other reasons.

Low-molecular weight kininogen

Low-flow toilet

Low-frequency collective motion

Low-energy laser therapy

Low-impact development (LID) has been defined as "development which through its low negative environmental impact either enhances or does not significantly diminish environmental quality". The interplay between would-be developers and the UK planning authorities since the 1980s has led to a diversity of unique, locally adapted developments, often making use of natural, local and reclaimed materials in delivering highly affordable, low or zero carbon housing. These LIDs often strive to be self-sufficient in terms of waste management, energy, water and other needs. There are numerous examples of LIDs throughout the UK, and local and national authorities have come to recognise the need for the concept to be incorporated into planning strategies.

A low-pass filter (LPF) is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than a selected cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency. The exact frequency response of the filter depends on the filter design. The filter is sometimes called a high-cut filter, or treble-cut filter in audio applications. A low-pass filter is the complement of a high-pass filter. In the optical domain, high-pass and low-pass have the opposite meanings, with a "high-pass" filter (more commonly "long-pass") passing only longer wavelengths (lower frequencies), and vice-versa for "low-pass" (more commonly "short-pass"). Low-pass filters exist in many different forms, including electronic circuits such as a hiss filter used in audio, anti-aliasing filters for conditioning signals prior to analog-to-digital conversion, digital filters for smoothing sets of data, acoustic barriers, blurring of images, and so on. The moving average operation used in fields such as finance is a particular kind of low-pass filter, and can be analyzed with the same signal processing techniques as are used for other low-pass filters. Low-pass filters provide a smoother form of a signal, removing the short-term fluctuations and leaving the longer-term trend. Filter designers will often use the low-pass form as a prototype filter. That is, a filter with unity bandwidth and impedance. The desired filter is obtained from the prototype by scaling for the desired bandwidth and impedance and transforming into the desired bandform (that is low-pass, high-pass, band-pass or band-stop).

Low-key photography

Low-occupant vehicle

A low-emission zone (LEZ) is a defined area where access by some polluting vehicles is restricted or deterred with the aim of improving the air quality. This may favour vehicles such as (certain) alternative fuel vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or zero-emission vehicles such as all-electric vehicles. A zero-emission zone (ZEZ) is a LEZ where only zero-emission vehicles (ZEVs) are allowed. In such areas, all internal combustion engine vehicles are banned; this includes hybrid vehicles. Only all-electric vehicles are allowed in a ZEZ, along with walking and cycling and fully electric public transport vehicles, e.g. trams, electric buses etc.

Low-power rockets

Low-temperature physics

Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region galaxy

Low-probability-of-intercept radar

Low-carbon technology (disambiguation)

Low-income housing

Low-cost housing

Low-energy light-bulb

Low-sulfur coal

Low-point system is a point system in the Racing Rules of Sailing where all the boats in each race of the series score the same number of points as they finish in the race, so that the first boat to cross the finish line gets one point, the second two points. Boats that don't start, finish, retires or are disqualified are scored one more point than the total entrants of the series. In a series with nine entrants, a disqualified boat scores 10 points in the race it is disqualified in.

Low-energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEIS), sometimes referred to simply as ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), is a surface-sensitive analytical technique used to characterize the chemical and structural makeup of materials. LEIS involves directing a stream of charged particles known as ions at a surface and making observations of the positions, velocities, and energies of the ions that have interacted with the surface. Data that is thus collected can be used to deduce information about the material such as the relative positions of atoms in a surface lattice and the elemental identity of those atoms. LEIS is closely related to both (MEIS) and high-energy ion scattering (HEIS, known in practice as Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, or RBS), differing primarily in the energy range

Low-speed pre-ignition (LSPI), also known as stochastic pre-ignition (SPI), is a pre-ignition event that occurs in gasoline vehicle engines when there is a premature ignition of the main fuel charge. LSPI is most common in certain turbocharged direct-injection vehicles operating in low-speed and high-load driving conditions. LSPI events are random and infrequent, and their effects on impacted vehicles can include very high-pressure spikes, loud knocking noises and sometimes catastrophic engine damage.

Low-power electronics

Low-context culture

Low-level radioactive waste

Low-grade astrocytoma

Low-dynamic-range rendering

Low-frequency radar is radar which uses frequencies lower than 1 GHz such as L-band, UHF, VHF, and HF, as opposed to the usual radar bands, which range from 2 GHz and up, and the maximum is 40 GHz.The radar cross section of any target depends on the radar transmitted frequency. Below 900 MHz the target radar cross section increases exponentially, however the increased radar cross section means that there is much more radar return from undesirable sources, such as cloud cover and rain (cf. weather radar). It is because of this that radars are traditionally at much higher frequency, with an exception being the radars operated in the 3-30 MHz band which are used as over-the-horizon radar stations because signals in that range are able to reflect off the ionosphere.

Low-level mesocyclone

Low-metal

Low-cost photovoltaic cell

Low-carbon power

Low-emission zone

Low-power rocketry

Low-pressure sodium lamp

Low-carbon buildings

Low-power television

Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region

Low-mass X-ray binaries

Low-loader

Low-intensity frequent fires

Low-code

Low-molecular-weight heparin

Low-cost airline

Low-speed aerodynamics

Low-level Nuclear Waste

Low-gluten beer

Low information rationality is a social theory that states that people are information consumers with limited benefits and time for processing and understanding information. Due to the limited benefits and time individuals have for learning new information, individuals use various shortcuts and heuristics to understand information quicker. Simply put, it does not make sense for the average individual to develop in depth understandings of most issues. The theory is often used to explain the limited understanding of politics and scientific technologies by the general public.

A low-noise block downconverter (LNB) is the receiving device mounted on satellite dishes used for satellite TV reception, which collects the radio waves from the dish and converts them to a signal which is sent through a cable to the receiver inside the building. Also called a low-noise block, low-noise converter (LNC), or even low-noise downconverter (LND), the device is sometimes inaccurately called a low-noise amplifier (LNA).

Low-mid

The low-frequency radio range (LFR), also known as the four-course radio range, LF/MF four-course radio range, A-N radio range, Adcock radio range, or commonly "the range", was the main navigation system used by aircraft for instrument flying in the 1930s and 1940s, until the advent of the VHF omnidirectional range (VOR), beginning in the late 1940s. It was used for en route navigation as well as instrument approaches and holds.

A low-life is a term for a person who is considered morally unacceptable by his or her community. Examples of people often labeled low-lives include aggressive panhandlers, bullies, criminals, drug dealers, freeloaders, hobos, gangsters, people associated with adhering to low culture, people who make constant use of profanities, prostitutes, pimps, scammers, sexual abusers, substance abusers, and thieves. Often, the term is used as an indication of disapproval of antisocial or destructive behaviors, usually bearing a connotation of contempt and derision. This usage of the word dates to 1911. The long-term origins of the ideas behind this in the Western world trace back to ancient times with the distinction of high culture associated with aristocracy at the top of the social hierarchy who were regarded in aristocrat-dominated society as compared with low culture associated with commoners at the bottom of the social hierarchy that included many impoverished people among them.

Low-power AM

Low-threshold services

Low-cost

Low-pressure discharges are discharges made under gas pressures from a few millitorr to a little less than atmospheric. They have the benefit of less power requirement of sustenance of the discharge as volume-recombination rates are lower. It is easier to achieve uniform discharges at low pressure. Normally, the system is pumped down and only necessary plasma gases are then flown into the plasma chamber. Argon is a typical background gas because it has low ionization potential and therefore is easier to break down and sustain. Most discharges used in the semiconductor industry employ low-pressure plasmas.

Low-density-lipoprotein receptor kinase

Low-fi vs sci-fi

Low-pass

Low-level format

A low-noise amplifier (LNA) is an electronic amplifier that amplifies a very low-power signal without significantly degrading its signal-to-noise ratio. A typical amplifier increases the power of both the signal and the noise present at its input, whereas LNAs are designed to amplify a signal while minimizing additional noise. Designers can minimize additional noise by using low-noise components, operating points, and circuit topologies. Minimizing additional noise must balance with other goals such as power gain and impedance matching. LNAs are found in radio communications systems, medical instruments and electronic test equipment. A typical LNA may supply a power gain of 100 (20 decibels (dB)) while decreasing the signal-to-noise ratio by less than a factor of two (a 3 dB noise figure (NF)). Although LNAs are primarily concerned with weak signals that are just above the noise floor, they must also consider the presence of larger signals that cause intermodulation distortion.

Low-key photography is a genre of photography consisting of shooting dark-colored scenes, and emphasizing natural or artificial light only on specific areas in the frame. This photographic style is usually used to create a mysterious atmosphere, that only suggests various shapes, often graphic, letting the viewer experience the photograph through subjective interpretation and often implies painting objects or the human body with black non-toxic dyes or pigments. Renaissance and Baroque, represented by different painting styles including sfumato and chiaroscuro used by artists like Leonardo da Vinci and Rubens), tenebroso (it. dark, mysterious) used by artists such as Caravaggio, Rembrandt, Jusepe de Ribera among others, produced paintings in which black was predominant on the canvas and the light often come from only one source to achieve dramatic scenes. Edward Weston, Yousuf Karsh and Irving Penn are among the photographers experienced with the "black on black" technique.

Low-income housing tax credit

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4

Low-impact development (Canada/US)

Low-ionization nuclear emission region

Low-density-lipoprotein

Low-rise pants, also known as "hipster jeans", "low-cut jeans", and "lowriders", are a type of pants that sit low on, or below, the hips, usually at least 8 centimetres (3 inches) lower than the navel. Low-rise pants have been available since the 1900s, in styles for both men and women, with popularity increasing in the 2000s.

Low-level Nuclear waste

Low-salt diet

Low-cost airline company

Low-power rocket

In human-computer interaction, low-key feedback is a type of output that takes a background role by being very subtle, sometimes nearly imperceptible. Physical machines often provide rich low-key feedback as a byproduct of their design. In computer spyware, the low-key feedback usually needs to be designed in.

Low-e

Low-dose chemotherapy

Low-pass filter

Low-temperature thermal desorption (LTTD), also known as low-temperature thermal volatilization, thermal stripping, and soil roasting, is an ex-situ remedial technology that uses heat to physically separate petroleum hydrocarbons from excavated soils. Thermal desorbers are designed to heat soils to temperatures sufficient to cause constituents to volatilize and desorb (physically separate) from the soil. Although they are not designed to decompose organic constituents, thermal desorbers can, depending upon the specific organics present and the temperature of the desorber system, cause some organic constituents to completely or partially decompose. The vaporized hydrocarbons are generally treated in a secondary treatment unit (e.g., an afterburner, catalytic oxidation chamber, condenser, or carbon adsorption unit) prior to discharge to the atmosphere. Afterburners and oxidizers destroy the organic constituents. Condensers and carbon adsorption units trap organic compounds for subsequent treatment or disposal. Some preprocessing and postprocessing of soil is necessary when using LTTD. Excavated soils are first screened to remove large (greater than 2 inches in diameter) objects. These may be sized (e.g., crushed or shredded) and then introduced back into the feed material. After leaving the desorber, soils are cooled, re-moistened to control dust, and stabilized (if necessary) to prepare them for disposal or reuse. Treated soil may be redeposited onsite, used as cover in landfills, or incorporated into asphalt.

In mathematics, low-dimensional topology is the branch of topology that studies manifolds, or more generally topological spaces, of four or fewer dimensions. Representative topics are the structure theory of 3-manifolds and 4-manifolds, knot theory, and braid groups. It can be regarded as a part of geometric topology. It may also be used to refer to the study of topological spaces of dimension 1, though this is more typically considered part of continuum theory.

Low-temperature bath

Low-impact development

Low-set ears are ears with depressed positioning of the pinnae two or more standard deviations below the population average. It can be associated with conditions such as:
* Down syndrome
* Turner syndrome
* Noonan syndrome
* Patau syndrome
* DiGeorge syndrome
* Cri du chat syndrome
* Edwards syndrome
* Fragile X syndrome It is usually bilateral, but it can be unilateral in Goldenhar syndrome.

Low-density lipoproteins

Low-cost carriers

Low-carbon technology

Low-pressure system

Low-flow irrigation system

A low-pass filter (LPF) is a filter that passes signals with a frequency lower than a selected cutoff frequency and attenuates signals with frequencies higher than the cutoff frequency. The exact frequency response of the filter depends on the filter design. The filter is sometimes called a high-cut filter, or treble-cut filter in audio applications. A low-pass filter is the complement of a high-pass filter.

Low-power processor

Low-noise block downconverter

Low-impact development (UK)

Low-power (disambiguation)

Low-mass star

Low-intensity operations

Low-fat raw veganism

Low-pressure permanent mold casting

Low-intensity laser therapy

Low-end fortified wines

Low-case

Low-level description

Low-melting alloy

Low-energy architecture

Low-fat raw vegan

A low-sulfur diet is a diet with reduced sulfur content. Sulfur containing compounds may also be referred to as thiols or mercaptans. Important dietary sources of sulfur and sulfur containing compounds may be classified as essential mineral (e.g. elemental sulfur), essential amino acid (methionine) and semi-essential amino acid (e.g. cysteine). Sulfur is an essential dietary mineral primarily because amino acids contain it. Sulphur is thus considered fundamentally important to human health, and conditions such as nitrogen imbalance and protein-energy malnutrition may result from deficiency. Methionine cannot be synthesized by humans, and cysteine synthesis requires a steady supply of sulfur. The recommended daily allowance (RDA) of methionine (combined with cysteine) for adults is set at 13–14 mg kg-1 day-1 (13–14 mg per kg of body weight per day), but some researchers have argued that this figure is too low, and should more appropriately be 25 mg kg-1 day-1. Despite the importance of sulfur, restrictions of dietary sulfur are sometimes recommended for certain diseases and for other reasons.

Low-rolling resistance tire

Low-level equilibrium trap

Low-cost air services

Low-latency queuing (LLQ) is a feature developed by Cisco to bring strict priority queuing (PQ) to class-based weighted fair queuing (CBWFQ). LLQ allows delay-sensitive data (such as voice) to be given preferential treatment over other traffic by letting the data to be dequeued and sent first.

Low-interest loan

Low-pressure discharges are discharges made under gas pressures from a few millitorr to a little less than atmospheric. They have the benefit of less power requirement of sustenance of the discharge as volume-recombination rates are lower. It is easier to achieve uniform discharges at low pressure. Normally, the system is pumped down and only necessary plasma gases are then flown into the plasma chamber. Argon is a typical background gas because it has low ionization potential and therefore is easier to break down and sustain.

Low-temperature thermal desalination (LTTD) is a desalination technique which takes advantage of the fact that water evaporates at lower temperatures at low pressures, even as low as ambient temperature. The system uses vacuum pumps to create a low pressure, low-temperature environment in which water evaporates even at a temperature gradient of 8°C between two volumes of water. Cooling water is supplied from deep sea depths of as much as 600 metres (2,000 ft). This cold water is pumped through coils to condense the evaporated water vapor. The resulting condensate is purified water.

Low-rise pants

A low-profit limited liability company (L3C) is a legal form of business entity in the United States that was created to bridge the gap between non-profit and for-profit investing by providing a structure that facilitates investments in socially beneficial, for-profit ventures by simplifying compliance with Internal Revenue Service rules for program-related investments, a type of investment that private foundations are allowed to make.

Low-iron glass is a type of high-clarity glass that is made from silica with very low amounts of iron. This low level of iron removes the greenish-blue tint that can be seen especially on larger and thicker sizes of glass.Low-iron glass is used for aquariums, display cases, some windows, and other applications where clarity is desired. Low-iron glass typically has a ferric oxide content of about 0.01%. Ordinary plate glass has about 10x as much iron content. Low-iron glass is made from low-iron silica sand. In the United States, the primary sources for such sand are in Wisconsin.

Low-income groups

Low-energy lighting

Low-dose chemotherapy is being studied/used in the treatment of cancer to avoid the side effects of conventional chemotherapy. Historically, oncologists have used the highest possible dose that the body can tolerate in order to kill as many cancer cells as possible. After high-dose treatments, the body reacts, sometimes quite severely. Infections from external causes become a leading threat of death.

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 8

Low-flow irrigation

Low-context

Low-church

Low-profile motherboard

Low-fat

Low-profile Quad Flat Package

Low-frequency electric resistance weld, LF-ERW is Electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe manufactured by cold-forming a sheet of steel into a cylindrical shape. Current is then passed between the two edges of the steel to heat the steel to a point at which the edges are forced together to form a bond without the use of welding filler material. Initially this manufacturing process used low frequency A.C. current to heat the edges. This low frequency process was used from the 1920s until 1970. In 1970, the low frequency process was superseded by a high frequency ERW process which produced a higher quality weld. Over time, the welds of low frequency ERW pipe was found to be susceptible to selective seam corrosion, hook cracks, and inadequate bonding of the seams, so low frequency ERW is no longer used to manufacture pipe. The high frequency process is still being used to manufacture pipe for use in new pipeline construction. The Poplar Pipeline was built in the 1950s using pipe made with low-frequency electric resistance welds as was the Pegasus Pipeline.

Low-end fortified wine

Low-temperature thermal desalination

Low-doc

Low-residency

Low-flow irrigation systems

Low-sock

Low-occupancy vehicle

Low-speed pre-ignition

Low-dispersion glass (LD glass) is a type of glass with low dispersion. Crown glass is an example of a relatively inexpensive low-dispersion glass. Special low dispersion glass (SLD glass) and extraordinary low-dispersion glass (ELD glass) are glasses with yet lower dispersion (and yet higher price). Other glasses in this class are extra-low-dispersion glass (ED glass), and ultra-low-dispersion glass (UL glass).

Low-energy electron microscopy, or LEEM, is an analytical surface science technique used to image atomically clean surfaces, atom-surface interactions, and thin (crystalline) films. In LEEM, high-energy electrons (15-20 keV) are emitted from an electron gun, focused using a set of condenser optics, and sent through a magnetic beam deflector (usually 60˚ or 90˚). The “fast” electrons travel through an objective lens and begin decelerating to low energies (1-100 eV) near the sample surface because the sample is held at a potential near that of the gun. The low-energy electrons are now termed “surface-sensitive” and the near-surface sampling depth can be varied by tuning the energy of the incident electrons (difference between the sample and gun potentials minus the work functions of the sample and system). The low-energy elastically backscattered electrons travel back through the objective lens, reaccelerate to the gun voltage (because the objective lens is grounded), and pass through the beam separator again. However, now the electrons travel away from the condenser optics and into the projector lenses. Imaging of the back focal plane of the objective lens into the object plane of the projector lens (using an intermediate lens) produces a diffraction pattern (low-energy electron diffraction, LEED) at the imaging plane and recorded in a number of different ways. The intensity distribution of the diffraction pattern will depend on the periodicity at the sample surface and is a direct result of the wave nature of the electrons. One can produce individual images of the diffraction pattern spot intensities by turning off the intermediate lens and inserting a contrast aperture in the back focal plane of the objective lens (or, in state-of-the-art instruments, in the center of the separator, as chosen by the excitation of the objective lens), thus allowing for real-time observations of dynamic processes at surfaces. Such phenomena include (but are not limited to): tomography, phase transitions, adsorption, reaction, segregation, thin film growth, etching, strain relief, sublimation, and magnetic microstructure. These investigations are only possible because of the accessibility of the sample; allowing for a wide variety of in situ studies over a wide temperature range. LEEM was invented by Ernst Bauer in 1962; however, not fully developed (by Ernst Bauer and ) until 1985.

Low-iron glass

Low-level programming languages

Low-top

Low-molecular-weight chromium-binding substance (LMWCr; also known as chromodulin) is an oligopeptide that seems to transport chromium in the body. It consists of four amino acid residues; aspartate, cysteine, glutamate, and glycine, bonded with four (Cr3+) centers. It interacts with the insulin receptor, by prolonging kinase activity through stimulating the tyrosine kinase pathway, thus leading to improved glucose absorption. and has been confused with glucose tolerance factor.

A low-probability-of-intercept radar (LPIR) is a radar employing measures to avoid detection by passive radar detection equipment (such as a radar warning receiver (RWR), or electronic support receiver) while it is searching for a target or engaged in target tracking. This characteristic is desirable in a radar because it allows finding and tracking an opponent without alerting them to the radar's presence. This also protects the radar installation from anti-radiation missiles (ARM). LPI measures include:

Low-cost country sourcing (LCCS) is procurement strategy in which a company sources materials from countries with lower labour and production costs in order to cut operating expenses. LCCS falls under a broad category of procurement efforts called global sourcing. The primary principle behind LCCS is to obtain sourcing efficiencies through identifying and exploiting cost arbitrage between geographies. Aside from price other reasons for engaging in global sourcing can include improved manufacturing capacity/ time frames, quality of goods, improved customer services and logistics benefits.

Low-g condition

Low-earth-orbit

Low-point system

Low-mid back rounded vowel

Low-level language

Low-temperature

Low cycle fatigue has two fundamental characteristics: plastic deformation in each cycle; and low cycle phenomenon, in which the materials have finite endurance for this type of load. The term cycle refers to repeated applications of stress that lead to eventual fatigue and failure; low-cycle pertains to a long period between applications.

Low-power FM

Low-rolling-resistance tires

Low-level nuclear Waste

A low-emission zone (LEZ) is a defined area where access by some polluting vehicles is restricted or deterred with the aim of improving the air quality. This may favour vehicles such as (certain) alternative fuel vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, or zero-emission vehicles such as all-electric vehicles.

Low-fat milk

Low-rolling resistance tires

Low-cut filter

Low-glycemic diet

Low-rate picture transmission

Low-frequency electric resistance weld, LF-ERW is Electric resistance welded (ERW) pipe manufactured by cold-forming a sheet of steel into a cylindrical shape. Current is then passed between the two edges of the steel to heat the steel to a point at which the edges are forced together to form a bond without the use of welding filler material. Initially this manufacturing process used low frequency A.C. current to heat the edges. This low frequency process was used from the 1920s until 1970. In 1970, the low frequency process was superseded by a high frequency ERW process which produced a higher quality weld.

Low-key feedback

Low-light photography

Low-power

In a scale-free network the degree distribution follows a power law function. In some empirical examples this power-law fits the degree distribution well only in the high degree region, however for small degree nodes the empirical degree-distribution deviates from it. See for example the network of scientific citations. This deviation of the observed degree-distribution from the theoretical prediction at the low-degree region is often referred as low-degree saturation.

Low-lying coast

Low-point beer