List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilayanga

List of rulers of Bosha

List of rulers of Korea

List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Dassa

List of rulers of Palmyra

List of the rulers of the Bamum people, an ethnic group located in Cameroon. Their capital Fumban is also spelled Foumban in some sources. (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office.) Mfon = Ruler

The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Gomma. Gomma was one of the monarchies in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century.

Sabe is a territory located in present-day Benin, based in and around the town of Savé In the Yoruba language, the word Oba means king or ruler. It is also common for the obas of the various Yoruba domains to have their own special titles. In Sabe the Oba is referred to as the Onisabe of Sabe Records for Sabe are fragmentary and conflicting, containing a long succession of rulers styled Ola. It is suggested by one source that recent rulers alternate between descendants of either of two brothers. The list presented here represents a fragment of the record.

List of rulers of Sukhothai

This is a list of Rulers of the Mossi State of Tenkodogo. Comprising part of Burkina Faso, Tenkodogo is the senior Mossi State. Naaba = Ruler

List of Rulers of the Maasai (Kenya) (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) The Laibon originated as chief ritual leaders, later emerging as leaders exercising both political and military authority.(This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.)

Territory located in present-day Burkina Faso. = Ruler

List of rulers of Bagirmi

This is a list of rulers of Duklja.

The Xhosa are a nation that came down from the north of Africa, though it has not been proven. Xhosa, the one after whom the Xhosa people are named, descended, and during his emergence from the north, he fathered Malangana. The Xhosa kingship separated when the line got to Phalo because of what happened when he married.

List of rulers of Ruund (Luunda)

Hanau is a town in Germany and Lichtenberg is a village in Alsace, now France. This list of rulers of Hanau or Hanau-Lichtenberg covers the lords and later counts that ruled the area from the 14th through the 18th centuries (see also Lichtenberg Castle).

List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Ketu

The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Janjero. Janjero was situated in southwestern Ethiopia, in the angle formed by the Omo and the Jimma Gibe Rivers; to the west lay the Kingdom of Jimma and to the south the Kingdom of Garo. It existed from the 15th century to 1894.

List of rulers of the Roman Republic

The following is a list of rulers of baNgwaketse, a territory located in present-day Botswana. = Paramount Chief (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

List of rulers of Marwar

List of rulers of Navarre

This is the list of rulers of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty ("The Horde of the White Sheep"). The 1st Chief of the confederation was (1340 - 1360 C.E.) followed by his son (1360 - 1378/79 C.E.) who formed the Aq Qoyunlu Turkmen Principality. He in turn was followed by his son Qara Yoluq Osman, the founder of Aq Qoyunlu Beylik or State. The dynasty originated around Diyarbakır and ruled the territory now part of present-day Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Their capital was the city of Tabriz after 1471-1472. They gained international significance under Uzun Hasan who became their greatest leader. He conquered the Qara Qoyunlu and defeated the Timurid Empire thus adding significant portions of Iran to his kingdom but eventually losing to the Ottoman Empire weakening his kingdom which eventually was absorbed into Safavid Iran.

List of rulers of Tenochtitlan

Territory located in present-day Zimbabwe. Mwenemutapa = Lord of the Conquered Land. 1760||colspan="2"|Mutapa collapses in Civil War; dynasty survives in Chidima

Territory located in present-day Benin.

List of rulers of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

After Constantin Bodin's death, fighting among his potential successors weakened the state of Duklja and the region succumbed to Rascia's reign between 1183 and 1186. In 1190, Grand Župan of Rascia Stefan Nemanja's son, Vukan II, asserted his right to the Dukljan crown. In 1219, the regent of Zeta and King Vukan's oldest son, Đorđe Nemanjić, became king of Duklja/Zeta. He was succeeded by his second oldest son, Uroš I, who built the 'Uspenje Bogorodice' monastery in Morača. Between 1276 and 1309, Zeta was ruled by Queen Jelena, widow of Serbia's King Uroš I. She restored around 50 monasteries in the region--- most notably Saint Srđ and Vakh on the Bojana River. The name Crna Gora (Montenegro) was formally mentioned for the first time in 1296, in the charter of St. Nicholas' monastery in Vranjina. This charter was issued by the Serbian King Stefan Milutin Nemanjić, who was the youngest son of Uroš I and Helen of Anjou. Crna Gora (Montenegro) was to be understood as the highland region under Mount Lovćen, within the confines of Zeta. By the beginning of the 14th century, during King Milutin's reign, the Archdiocese in Bar was the strongest feudal lord in Zeta. From 1309 to 1321, Zeta was co-ruled by the oldest son of King Milutin, Young King Stefan Uroš III Dečanski. Similarly, from 1321 to 1331, Stefan's young son Stefan Dušan Uroš IV Nemanjić, the future Serbian King and Tsar, co-ruled Zeta with his father. After Tsar Dušan's death in 1355, the Serbian state Kingdom started to crumble and its holdings were divided among Prince (Knjaz) Lazar Hrebeljanović, the short-lived (1353–1391) Bosnian state of Tvrtko I Kotromanić, and a semi-independent chiefdom of Zeta under the House of Balšić, whose founder Balša I came to power in 1356.

Territory in present-day Burkina Faso.

The rulers of Japan have been its Emperors, whether effectively or nominally, for its entire recorded history. These include the ancient legendary emperors, the attested but undated emperors of the Yamato period (early fifth to early 6th centuries), and the clearly dated emperors of 539 to the present. Political power was held in various eras by regents and shōguns, and since 1946 has been exercised exclusively by the Prime Minister as leader of a representative government.

List of rulers of north korea

Territory located in present-day (Congo) = Kings/emperors

List of rulers of Moab

This is a list of rulers of Maluku from proto-historical times until the present. The four sultanates of Ternate, Tidore, Jailolo and Bacan were considered descendants of a legendary figure called Jafar Sadik and formed a ritual quadripartition. Drawing wealth from the spice production and trade with other parts of Asia, Ternate and Tidore lorded over extensive realms which stretched from Sulawesi to Papua, while Jailolo and Bacan merely had local significance. They fell under Portuguese or Spanish influence in the sixteenth century, superseded by Dutch impact in the seventeenth century. The sultanates were subordinated to the Dutch colonial state until 1942 when the Japanese occupied Indonesia. After the outbreak of the Indonesian revolution they belonged to the Dutch-approved quasi-state

The Asantehene is the absolute monarch of the Kingdom of Ashanti, its cultural region Ashantiland, and of the Ashanti (or Asante) people's ethnic group. The Ashanti royal house traces its line to the Oyoko (an Abusua, meaning "clan") Abohyen Dynasty of Nana Twum and the Beretuo Dynasty of Osei Tutu Opemsoo, who formed the Empire of Ashanti in 1701 and was crowned Asantehene (King of all Ashanti). Osei Tutu held the Ashanti throne until his death in battle in 1717, and was the sixth king in Asante royal history. The Asantehene is the ruler of the Ashanti people ethnic group and the Kingdom of Ashanti and Ashantiland, the homeland of the Ashanti people ethnic group, historically a position of great power. The Asantehene is traditionally enthroned on a golden stool known as the Sika 'dwa, and the office is sometimes referred to by this name. The Asantehene is also the titular ruler of Kumasi, capital of Ashanti. The Asante state, or Asanteman (also known as the Kingdom of Ashanti, Ashantiland, Ashanti and Asante, Empire of Ashanti or Ashanti Confederacy), comprises the Ashanti region. The Ashanti Empire and Confederacy comprised part of present-day Ashantiland (southern Ghana) and portions of present-day eastern Côte d'Ivoire between the 17th and 20th centuries. The current Asantehene is Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II, born Nana Kwaku Dua, who ascended as the 16th Asante king in April 1999. Osei Tutu II was one of seven descendants who were eligible to the heir presumptive.

List of rulers of Crete

List of rulers of Tlôkwa

The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Garo or Bosha. Bosha was one of the kingdoms on the periphery of the Gibe region of Ethiopia. It existed from 1567 to 1883.

List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Macakoali

List of rulers of Timor

List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Icha

List of rulers of the Northern state of Dagomba

Akyem Bosome describes a traditional geo political entity. A state with a non contiguous land mass that exists today in the Eastern and Ashanti region of Ghana. The capital of the present date nation state of Akyem Bosome is . It was founded in 1831 through a purchase of land by from the family of Barim Atwere of Aduasa. After the acquisition of the land by Bosompem Ntow II, the Bosome people then migrated from the area around present day lake Bosomtwi to take possession of the land.

(Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

This is a list of the rulers of Gwynedd. Many of them were also acclaimed "King of the Britons" or "Prince of Wales".

The following is a list of rulers of Monaco. Most belong to the House of Grimaldi; exceptions, which consist primarily of the principality's administrators under periods of foreign occupation, are noted.

List of Afghan Rulers in present-day Afghanistan with capital at Kabul:

List of rulers of Ammon

List of rulers of China

List of rulers of Mosul

List of rulers of baTawana

Before 1502 the East African city of Mombasa was part of the Kilwa Sultanate. The independent Mombasa sultanate named Mvita (Swahili) or Manbasa (Arabic) was then established, but was conquered by the Portuguese Empire during the 16th century. After this control alternated between the Portuguese and the Sultanate of Oman, before the establishment of the British East Africa Protectorate in 1887. Mombasa became part of independent Kenya in 1963.

Territory located in present-day Benin. English: Whydah; French: Ouidah (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

This is a list of rulers of Tuggurt, a medieval Tuareg sultanate centered in Tuggurt (Touggourt), Touggourt District, Algeria.

List of rulers of Finland

This is a list of rulers of Hesse (German: Hessen) during the history of Hesse on west-central Germany. These rulers belonged to a dynasty collectively known as the House of Hesse and the House of Brabant, originally the Reginar. Hesse was ruled as a Landgraviate, Electorate and later as a Grand duchy until 1918. The title of all of the following rulers was "Landgrave" (German: Landgraf) unless otherwise noted.

The Asantehene is the absolute monarch of the Kingdom of Ashanti, its cultural region Ashantiland, and of the Ashanti (or Asante) people's ethnic group. The Ashanti royal house traces its line to the Oyoko (an Abusua, meaning "clan") Abohyen Dynasty of Nana Twum and the Beretuo Dynasty of Osei Tutu Opemsoo, who formed the Empire of Ashanti in 1701 and was crowned Asantehene (King of all Ashanti). Osei Tutu held the Ashanti throne until his death in battle in 1717, and was the sixth king in Asante royal history.

List of rulers of the Mahi state of Savalu

Territory located in Ghana

The following is a list of rulers of Gaza. During Mamluk and early Ottoman rule, Gaza served as the capital of a province which at times included most of central and southern Palestine or the coastal plain up to Jaffa.

This article lists the lord ruler of Lan Na from the foundation of the Ngoenyang in 638 until the end of Kingdom of Chiang Mai under Siamese administration in 1939.

Territory located in present-day Botswana. = Paramount Chief

List of rulers of Aumale

List of Rulers of the Nandi (Kenya), or Orkoiyots: (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) 1.
* 2.
* (Kipsegun's son) and (dual administration until the former was ousted) 3.
* (son of Kopokoii)The name means Blessed Mouth _literary 4.
* Kimnyole (son of Torokat), killed by the Nandi in 1890. The Nandi area was formally incorporated into British East Africa in 1888 (though it submitted only in 1906.) 5.
* Koitalel Arap Samoei (son of Kimnyole), killed by British forces in 1905. 6.
* or Tamasun (also son of Kimnyole), whose reign continued past 1909. 7.
* Barsirian Arap Manyei (son of Koitalel Arap Samoei) reigned from 1919 to 1922 when he was detained by the British.

This page lists the Achaemenid satraps and Hellenistic kings of Cappadocia, an ancient region in central Anatolia.

The kings (mbangs) or sultans of Bagirmi ruled the sultanate of Bagirmi in central Africa (mostly within present-day Chad). They include:

The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Gumma. Gumma was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 18th century.

List of rulers of Transylvania, from the 10th century, until 1918.

List of rulers of Ligny

List of rulers of Iceland

Gyaaman is located in present-day Ghana and Côte d'Ivoire.

List of Afghan Rulers in present-day Afghanistan with capital at Kandahar

List of rulers of Tlokwa

This is a list of the rulers of the Iraqi city of Mosul .

List of rulers of Slovakia

List of rulers of Comoros

List of rulers of Schönborn

List of rulers of Pate

List of rulers who converted to Christianity

The following is a list of rulers of the Bariba (Borgu) state of :

The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Jimma. Jimma was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 19th century.

List of rulers of Saudi Arabia

List of rulers of the Lunda Empire

Territory located in present-day Benin. Oba = Ruler.

This is a list of rulers who converted to Christianity. The conversion of monarchs was often an important step in the process of Christianization.

This article lists rulers of Thrace and Dacia, and includes Thracian, Paeonian, Celtic, Dacian, Scythian, Persian or Ancient Greek up to the point of itsfall to the Roman empire, with a few figures from Greek mythology.

The territory is located in (Ghana).

List of rulers of the Electoral Palatinate

List of rulers of the Gurmanche state of Jugu

List of rulers of the Kingdom of Dagbon

List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Okere

List of Rulers of the Akan state of The Guan are believed to have begun to migrate from the Mossi region of modern Burkina Faso around A.D. 1000. Moving gradually through the Volta valley in a southerly direction, they created settlements along the Black Volta, throughout the Afram Plains, in the Volta Gorge, and in the Akuapem Hills before moving farther south onto the coastal plains. Some scholars postulate that the wide distribution of the Guan suggests that they were the Neolithic population of the region. Later migrations by other groups such as the Akan, Ewe, and Ga-Adangbe into Guan-settled areas would then have led to the development of Guan-speaking enclaves along the Volta and within the coastal plains. The Guan have been heavily influenced by their neighbours. The Efutu, a subgroup of the Guan, for example, continue to speak Guan dialects, but have adopted (with modifications) the Fante version of some Akan institutions and the use of some Fante words in their rituals. As far as the other Guan subgroups are concerned, the Anum-Boso speak a local Ewe dialect, whereas the Larteh and Kyerepong have customs similar to Akwapim groups. Constituting about a quarter of the Guan, the Gonja to the north have also been influenced by other groups. The Gonja are ruled by members of a dynasty, probably Mande in origin. The area is peopled by a variety of groups, some of which do not speak Guan. The ruling dynasty, however, does speak Guan, as do substantial numbers of commoners. Although neither the rulers nor most of the commoners are Muslims, a group of Muslims accompanied the Mande invaders and have since occupied a special position as scribes and traders. Led by their leader Gyedu Nkansa, a quarter of the Guan settled in present-day Akuapem mountains. Prior to the founding of Akuapem State, the institution of chieftaincy as we know of today was non-existent. The leadership of highland community made up mainly of Guans and the Kyerepongs consisted of priests and priestesses. Nana Offei Kwasi Agyeman of the Aduana fame, a trader from Gyakiti, and a chief in his own right, had already left Akwamu with his people to live at a village called Adenya. Surrounded by his band of Mpoti Asafo with their proverbial seven guns. He later settled at Boampong (Kaabi) the northern part of present-day Akropong. When the Akwamus' brutalities on the Guans and the Kyerepongs had gone beyond control and intolerable, the leadership had these settlers summon a meeting to chart and discuss a way out of their predicaments. Gyadu Nkansa, then the king of the Guans and in that capacity the leader of Akuapem, in his old age and at his hour of death just at the beginning of his successor Ohene Berentiri gave authority to Ofei Agyemang, chief of Gyakiti and Sediesa (Asare Diedsa), chief of the Kyerepongs to extend an invitation to the Akims for assistance to fight the Akwamus. The delegation to Akim was led by Opanyin Ayeh Kissi, an elder of Nana Offei Kwasi Agyeman. The Okyenhene and elders readily agreed to help. He therefore dispatched his warriors led by his nephew Safori to join the bandwagon of the Guans and the Kyerepongs. A thousand forces (Akuw apem) thus swooped down the hill unto the hopeless Akwamu regiment at Nsakye as they advanced. Unable to withstand the shock of this highland change, the Akwamu forces broke, scattered and fled across the Volta river to present-day Akwamufie. This was the famous battle of Nsakye (1730) after which the Akwamu's unspeakable acts of cruelty and depredation on the highland community came to an end. The remnants of Akwamu, the people of present-day Aburi and its envious readily submit themselves to the new power,and thus pave the way for the establishment of Akuapem State as enshrined in the famous Abotakyi Accord in 1733.

List of rulers of Kasongo Luunda (Yaka)

List of rulers of Sintang

List of rulers of Wanga

List of rulers of Halych and Volhynia

This is a list of rulers of Guastalla, a town in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, on the right bank of the Po River. The County of Guastalla was established in 1406 for the Torelli family. In 1456, the county was partitioned, with Montechiarugolo and Casei going to . The County of Guastalla was raised to ducal status in 1621, when it became the Duchy of Guastalla.

The following is a list of rulers of Nri. The title of the ruler of Nri is eze Nri. He held religious and political authority over the Kingdom of Nri. The Nri culture is believed to stretch back to at least the 13th century, with a traditional foundation by Eri dated 948.The 15th recorded eze Nri, Òbalíke, was deposed by the British administration in favour of the "warrant chief" system, but the title continued to be held; the current eze Nri, Ènweleána II Obidiegwu Onyeso, was instated in 1988.

List of rulers of Sicily

List of rulers of Mombasa

List of rulers of Ukraine

This is the list of rulers of Morocco, since the establishment of the first Moroccan state in 789. The common and formal titles of these rulers has varied, depending on the time period. Since 1957, the designation King has been used.

List of rulers of Schoenborn

Territory located in present-day northern half of Botswana. = Paramount Chief

List of rulers of Balete (baMalete)

List of rulers of Gaza

List of rulers of Mandara

List of rulers of the Akan state of Denkyira

This article lists the Kings of Tír Eoghain or Tyrone from 1185 to 1616. They are listed from their date of accession to date of death, unless otherwise stated. Prior to this, the ruling dynasty - the Cenél nEógain - were most of the Kings of Ailech. During the tenth and eleventh centuries, two main septs within the dynasty emerged; the Meic Lochlainn and the Ó Néill. The latter family pushed aside the Meic Lochlainn, and from 1241 onwards the kingdom was ruled exclusively by members of the Ó Néill family. For the O'Neill kingdom, distinct from Tyrone, that was ruled by the descendants of Aedh Buidhe mac Domnaill Óg below, see Clandeboye.

List of rulers of Melilla

List of rulers of the Bamun

This is a list of rulers of Bassein (Pathein), one of the three main Mon-speaking provinces of Lower Burma.

The rulers of the Duala are the headmen, chiefs, paramount chiefs, and kings of the Duala people of Cameroon. The earliest known Duala rulers, according to Duala oral history, were Mbongo and his son Mbedi. From Mbedi's home at Pīti, northeast of the modern city of Douala, his sons migrated southward. Ewale a Mbedi settled on the Wouri River at the Bight of Bonny (modern Douala) and became the eponymous founder of the Duala people.

List of rulers of Thrace and Dacia

The combination of heredity succession to the election. The king is elected by heads of clans, among the son or brothers of King deceased mother's side. This procedure ensures that all clans have a chance to power.

List of rulers of Wurttemberg

Territory located in present-day Benin. Also known as Ardrah (Ardra), Ardrah Empire, Adja-Tado. Known to the French as Allada or Ardres. (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) () = King

Territory located in present-day Benin. Saka = Ruler.

Territory located in present-day Burkina Faso.

List of rulers of the Kievan Rus

This is a list of rulers of the Duchy of Brittany. In different epochs the sovereigns of Brittany were kings, princes, and dukes. The Breton ruler was sometimes elected, sometimes attained the position by conquest or intrigue, or by hereditary right. Hereditary dukes were sometimes a female ruler, carrying the title duchesse of Brittany. Its principal cities and regions were ruled by counts who often found themselves in conflict with the Breton ruler, or who became the Breton ruler.

List of rulers of the Gcaleka

List of rulers of Mithila

During his history as independent entity, Mantua knew different rulers, who governed on the city and the lands of Mantua from Middle Ages to early modern period. Since 970 to 1115, the Counts of Mantua were members of the House of Canossa. During its time as free commune and signoria ("lordship"), the Lords of Mantua were exponents of the Bonacolsi and Gonzaga families. From 1328, Mantua was informally led by Gonzagas until 1433, when Gianfrancesco Gonzaga assumed the noble title of Marquess of Mantua. In 1530, Federico II received the title of Duke of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the vacant Marquisate of Montferrat through marriage. In 1627, Duke Vincent II deceased without heirs, ending the original line of Gonzagas. From 1628 to 1631, a succession war was fought between the Duke of Guastalla, supported by the Holy Roman Empire, and the Duke of Nevers, supported by France, for the control of the Duchy of Mantua. Finally, the Duke of Nevers was recognized as only Duke. In 1708, Mantua was seized by the Habsburgs, ending Gonzaga rule. Montferrat's territories were ceded to the Duke of Savoy. The emperor compensated the Duke of Lorraine, heir in the female line of the Gonzaga, for the loss of Montferrat by ceding the Duchy of Teschen to the Lorraine. In 1745, Mantua was formally unified with the Duchy of Milan, until its dissolution in 1796.

List of rulers of Copan

The state of Ketu is located in present-day Republic of Benin. In the Yoruba language, the word oba means king or ruler. It is also common for the rulers of the various Yoruba domains to have their own special titles. In Ketu the Oba is referred to as the Aleketu of Ketu

This is a list of Gã Mantse, rulers of the in southern Ghana.

List of rulers of Oldenburg

List of rulers of Cappadocia

This is a list of rulers of Damascus from ancient times to the present. General context: History of Damascus.

List of Rulers of the Akan state of Bono-Tekyiman 1962-1988 Kwarkye Ameyaw

Note that dates are quite uncertain for most Makurian rulers.

This article lists dukes, electors, and kings ruling over different territories named Saxony from the beginning of the Saxon Duchy in the 9th century to the end of the Saxon Kingdom in 1918. The electors of Saxony from John the Steadfast (or, according to some accounts, Frederick the Wise) onwards have been Lutheran until Augustus II of Saxony converted to Roman Catholicism in order to be elected King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania. His descendants (including all Kings of Saxony) have since been Roman Catholic.

List of rulers of Mali Empire

List of rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko (Gomani)

List of rulers of Halych and Volyn

List of rulers of the Masai

This page lists rulers of Bithynia, an ancient kingdom in northwestern Anatolia.

List of rulers of Württemberg

This is a list of the rulers of Thuringia, an historical and political region of Central Germany.

List of rulers of the Netherlands

List of rulers of the Bariba state of Nikki

The Kingdom of the Isles comprised the Hebrides, the islands of the Firth of Clyde and the Isle of Man from the 9th to the 13th centuries AD. The islands were known to the Norse as the Suðreyjar, or "Southern Isles" as distinct from the Norðreyjar or Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland. The historical record is incomplete and the kingdom was probably not a continuous entity throughout the entire period. The islands concerned are sometimes referred to as the "Kingdom of Mann and the Isles", although only some of the later rulers claimed that title. At times the rulers were independent of external control, although for much of the period they had overlords in Norway, Ireland, England, Scotland or Orkney. At times there also appear to have been competing claims for all or parts of the terri

Rulers of Mitanni - List of kings of Mittanifrom the 16th to the 13th century BC.

List of rulers of Lete (Malete)

List of rulers of the Akan state of Manya Krobo

List of rulers of Asante

List of rulers of Poland

List of rulers of Peshawar

List of rulers of the Gibe state of Limu-'Enarya

This article lists the Counts, Dukes, Electors, and Kings who ruled over different territories named Württemberg from the beginning of the County of Württemberg in the 11th century to the end of the Kingdom of Württemberg in 1918.

This is a list of viceroys and governors of Ava (Inwa) for periods in which it was not the capital of Upper Burma-based kingdoms. This is not a list of monarchs of Ava who ruled from Ava during five separate periods (1365–1555, 1599–1613, 1635–1752, 1765–1783, 1821–1842). The dates after 1582 are on the Gregorian calendar.

List of rulers of the Mahi state of Fitta

List of rulers of Mitanni

List of rulers of Bhutan

List of rulers of Aq Qoyunlu

List of rulers of Hungary

List of rulers of Egypt

The following list of rulers of Estonia indicates the rules throughout that nation's history. This list starts with the ancient Counties and Parishes each headed by Seniores and Meliores (Elders) as noted by Henry of Livonia. The highest political institutions in Estonia during ancient times were the Maavald Kingdom (king Lembitu Wytamas 1211-1217, ruler of the Estonian army) (memorial Lembitu) The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders were limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous until the German and Danish conquest in the 13th century. Ending with the states and the rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present-day Estoni

This is a list of rulers of Saba and Himyar. It is based on Jawad Ali's The history of Arab nations before Islam which reconstructs the lines of kings of Saba and Himyar from inscriptions and other historiographical evidence. Mukarrib (Mukrab, Karab), a religious title that means "near to God", was used by rulers of Saba' until Karab El Watar changed his title to Malik at the time of the kingdom of Saba' and Dhu Raydan that was established between Himyarites and Sabaeans. The title Tubba, which means "the one who follows the sun like a shadow" was used by Himyarites to refer to their rulers.

List of rulers of Eritrea

List of sailors at the Summer Olympics

List of rulers of Zeta

List of rulers of Moldavia

List of rulers of Maluku

Territory located in present-day Ethiopia Moti = King

List of rulers of Ecatepec

List of rulers of Bithynia

List of Rulers of Wituland (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

List of rulers of Kabul

List of rulers of Nanumba

List of rulers of Sardinia

List of rulers of the Ewe state of Agwe

List of rulers of the Principality of Moldavia

List of rulers of the Duala

`This list consists of sailors who have competed at the Summer Olympics. = Female, = MaleThe number of flags equals the number of times a sailor represents his country. The country name behind each flags links to the national team in the specific Summer Olympics.

The rulers of Lorraine have held different posts under different governments over different regions. The first rulers of the region were kings of the Franks whose kingdom was called Lotharingia. The Latin construction "Lotharingia" evolved over time into "Lorraine" in French, "Lotharingen" in Dutch and "Lothringen" in German. After the Carolingian kingdom was absorbed into its neighbouring realms in the late ninth century, dukes were appointed over the territory. In the mid-tenth century, the duchy was divided into Lower Lorraine and Upper Lorraine, the first evolving into the historical Low Countries, the second became known as the Duchy of Lorraine and existed well into the modern era.

List of rulers of Damascus

This is a list of the rulers of the region of Kosovo.

This is a list of rulers of Martaban (Mottama), one of the three main Mon-speaking provinces of Lower Burma, from the 13th to 17th centuries. Martaban was the capital of Hanthawaddy Kingdom (Ramanya) from 1287 to 1364.

List of rulers of Italy in the period 476–773

List of rulers of Remo

The following is an incomplete list of the rulers of the Kingdom of Matamba, a late medieval West−Central African state centered in a region of present day Angola.

List of rulers of Sweden

List of rulers of Frisia

List of rulers of Hesse

List of rulers of Halych

List of rulers of the Akan state of Dwaben

List of rulers of Prussia

List of Rulers of the Nungu Kingdom sometimes referred to as the Gurma Kingdom or Empire. The state was created by the Gurmanche people who are closely related to the Mossi people This territory located in present-day Burkina Faso. = Ruler

List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bilanga

List of rulers of Kosovo

List of rulers of Commagene

List of rulers of England

List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Bongandini

List of rulers of Dagbon

List of rulers of Kel Ahaggar

List of Rulers of the Nandi (Kenya), or Orkoiyots: (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) 1.
* 2.
* (Kipsegun's son) and (dual administration until the former was ousted) 3.
* (son of Kopokoii)The name means Blessed Mouth _literary 4.
* Kimnyole (son of Torokat), killed by the Nandi in 1890. The Nandi area was formally incorporated into British East Africa in 1888 (though it submitted only in 1906.) 5.
* Koitalel Arap Samoei (son of Kimnyole), killed by British forces in 1905. 6.
* or Tamasun (also son of Kimnyole), whose reign continued past 1909. 7.
* Barsirian Arap Manyei (son of Koitalel Arap Samoei) reigned from 1919 to 1922 when he was detained by the British. The Orkoiyots originated as chief ritual leaders (or "medicine men", later emerging as leaders exercising both political and military authority. The position is hereditary, and the dynasty descend from Maasai origins.

List of rulers of Matamba

The following is a list of the Rulers of the Lunda Empire. The Lunda Empire was a pre-colonial Central African state centered in the Democratic Republic of the Congo whose sphere of influence stretched into Angola and Zambia. The Lunda were initially ruled by kings with the title Mwaantaangaand meaning "owners of the land". This later became "Mwaantayaav" or "Mwaant Yaav" with the rise of Mbala I Yaav.

Territory located in present-day Benin and Togo.

This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Comoros.

List of rulers of dependencies

This is a list of rulers of Prome (Pyay) from the end of Pagan period to the beginning of Restored Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). Strategically located at the border of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, the city of Prome (Pyay) was governed closely by the central government throughout the Small Kingdoms period (1287–1555). Unlike in other locations, the high kings at Ava by and large did not allow hereditary viceroyship at Prome. A new governor, usually a senior prince close to the royal family, was appointed. The arrangement broke down in 1482 when the Prome Kingdom gained independence from Ava. In the early 17th century, Restored Toungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawaddy valley. After Pye Min, the office became strictly an appointed mayoralty, with the title of the office changed to wun (mayor/minister) from hitherto prevalent titles min (viceroy) or ne-sa (governor).

List of rulers of the Nandi

Rulers and Signatories of the Fante Confederation (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

The Marquises and Dukes of Montferrat were the rulers of a territory in Piedmont south of the Po and east of Turin called Montferrat. The March of Montferrat was created by Berengar II of Italy in 950 during a redistribution of power in the northwest of his kingdom. It was originally named after and held by the Aleramici. In 1574, Montferrat was raised to a Duchy by Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor (see Duchy of Montferrat).

List of rulers of Iran

List of rulers of India

List of rulers of Orissa

List of rulers of Tlatelolco

List of rulers of Qusantina (Constantine)

List of rulers of the Akan states of Akwamu and Twifo-Heman

List of rulers of Gã (Nkran)

List of rulers of Brittany

List of rulers of Kandahar

This is a list of rulers of Saudi Arabia, a Kingdom on the Arabian Peninsula

List of rulers of Martaban

This is a list of rulers of the Duchy of Brittany. In different epochs the sovereigns of Brittany were kings, princes, and dukes. The Breton ruler was sometimes elected, sometimes attained the position by conquest or intrigue, or by hereditary right. Hereditary dukes were sometimes a female ruler, carrying the title duchesse of Brittany. Its principal cities and regions were ruled by counts who often found themselves in conflict with the Breton ruler, or who became the Breton ruler. During the declining years of the Roman Empire, the earliest Breton rulers in Gaul were styled "kings" of the small realms of Cornouaille and Domnonia. Some such kings may have had a form of hegemony over all of the Brythonic populations in the Armorican peninsula, and Riothamus is called King of the Britons by the chronicler Jordanes. However, there are no certain rulers of the whole of Brittany, which was divided into the fiefdoms of local counts. The Duchy of Brittany had its origins in the Battle of Trans-la-Forêt of 939, which established the river Couesnon as the boundary between Brittany and Normandy. In 942, Alan II paid homage to Louis IV of France, however the duchy did not gain royal attention until 1123, when Louis VI of France confirmed the bishop of Nantes. No other Duke of Brittany repeated Alan II's homage until Arthur I recognised Philip II of France as his liege in 1202. The area was often called a Duchy, and its rulers were considered independent Sovereign Dukes. However one historical view is that before the middle of the 12th century the Dukes of Brittany were often also called Counts by the Kings of France, as the kingdom of France then saw Brittany as no more than a county. In 1297, the peninsula was elevated into a Duchy in the peerage of France. This view is not consistent with the manner in which Charles VIII of France and then Louis XII of France approached the Duchy and the rights of Anne of Brittany who married each in succession.

The following is a list of rulers currently known from the history of the ancient Levantine kingdom Ammon. Ammon was originally ruled by a king, called the "king of the children of Ammon" (Ammonite: 𐤌𐤋𐤊 𐤁𐤍𐤏𐤌𐤍; Hebrew: מֶלֶךְ בְּנֵי עַמֹּון‎ melekh bənê-ʿAmmôn). After the conquest of the Neo-Babylonian and Achaemenid Empires, Ammon was maintained by an administrator (עֶבֶד ʿebhedh, literally "servant"; Greek: ἡγούμενος hēgoúmenos, "leader"). Only a modest number of Ammonite kings are known today, mostly from the Bible and epigraphic inscriptions.

List of rulers of Brandenburg and Prussia

Below is a list of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con, a territory located in present-day Burkina Faso.

List of rulers of Duklja

List of rulers of Waterford

List of rulers of the Janjero state of Gimirra

List of rulers of Wadai

The Parthian Empire ruled over an area roughly corresponding to present-day Iran from the third century BC to the third century AD. It contained a varying number of subordinate semi-autonomous kingdoms each with its own ruler.

List of rulers of Burundi

This is a list of rulers of Maluku from proto-historical times until the present. The four sultanates of Ternate, Tidore, Jailolo and Bacan were considered descendants of a legendary figure called Jafar Sadik and formed a ritual quadripartition. Drawing wealth from the spice production and trade with other parts of Asia, Ternate and Tidore lorded over extensive realms which stretched from Sulawesi to Papua, while Jailolo and Bacan merely had local significance. They fell under Portuguese or Spanish influence in the sixteenth century, superseded by Dutch impact in the seventeenth century. The sultanates were subordinated to the Dutch colonial state until 1942 when the Japanese occupied Indonesia. After the outbreak of the Indonesian revolution they belonged to the Dutch-approved quasi-state East Indonesia from 1946 to 1950 when they were incorporated in the unitary Indonesian state.

List of rulers of the Akan state of Asante

List of rulers of Pate Located at Pate Island, Kenya.

The following is a list of rulers of the ancient kingdom of Moab .

List of rulers of seperate Emirates of the United Arab Emirats

List of rulers of Tuggurt

List of rulers of the Northern state of Wa

List of rulers of Jülich

List of rulers of the Northern state of Gonja

List of rulers of the Akan state of Adanse

List of rulers of the Akan state of Bono-Tekyiman

List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Guan

List of rulers of Sumer

List of rulers of Nassau

List of rulers of Gwynedd

List of rulers of the Inca Empire

List of rulers of Brandenburg

List of rulers of the Lanna Kingdom

List of rulers of Aleppo

List of rulers of Wuerttemberg

List of rulers of separate Emirates of the United Arab Emirates

List of rulers of the Gibe state of Guma

List of rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Jere (Qeko)

This is a list of rulers of Taungoo, the predecessor principality of the Taungoo Dynasty of what is now Myanmar. The principality of Taungoo, at the edge of the realm of Upper Burma-based kingdoms, was a rebellion-prone vassal state. The region was ruled by hereditary viceroys as well as appointed governors, depending on the power of the high king at Pinya, and later Inwa (Ava). Many of the rulers of Taungoo were assassinated while in office, and a few others died in action, showing the frontier nature of the region. The high kings at Ava at times had only nominal control or no control in many stretches. After 1612, the office of viceroy at Taungoo became a mere appointed governorship as the Restored Taungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawaddy valley.

List of rulers of Monaco

Of the first historically verifiable rulers of Frisia, whether they are called dukes or kings, the last royal dynasty below is established by the chronicles of Merovingian kings of the Franks, with whom they were contemporaries. In these contemporary chronicles, they were styled dux, a Latin term for leader which is the origin of the title duke and its cognates in other languages (duc, duce, doge, duque, etc.). They were independent until the death of Radbod at the earliest. Finn, son of Folcwald, is a semi-legendary figure. He was killed by Hengest, who later migrated to Britain and founded the Kingdom of Kent. For rulers prior to Finn the later Frisians developed a rich store of legend and myth, and these too are listed here in chronological order. After coming under Frankish rule, Frisia was governed by Frankish counts and by potestates elected by the Frisians.

List of Afghan Rulers in present-day Afghanistan with capital at Peshawar

List of rulers of Rascia

List of ruling parties by country

List of rulers of Nkamanga

List of rulers of the Ewe state of Peki

List of rulers of Transylvania

List of rulers of Tir Eoghain

List of rulers of the Akan state of Assin Apimenem

List of rulers of Saxony

List of rulers of the Bariba state of Kwande

List of rulers of the Northern state of Nanumba

List of rulers of Kongo

List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem

List of rulers of Tír Eoghain

This is a list of rulers of the Kel Ahaggar. Kel Ahaggar was a Tuareg territory located in present-day Algeria. Amenokal denotes Ruler. Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office.

This is the list of rulers of Aq Qoyunlu dynasty ("The Horde of the White Sheep"). The 1st Chief of the confederation was (1340 - 1360 C.E.) followed by his son (1360 - 1378/79 C.E.) who formed the Aq Qoyunlu Turkmen Principality. He in turn was followed by his son Qara Yoluq Osman, the founder of Aq Qoyunlu Beylik or State. The dynasty originated around Diyarbakır and ruled the territory now part of present-day Turkey, Iraq and Iran. Their capital was the city of Tabriz after 1471-1472. They gained international significance under Uzun Hasan who became their greatest leader. He conquered the Qara Qoyunlu and defeated the Timurid Empire thus adding significant portions of Iran to his kingdom but eventually losing to the Ottoman Empire weakening his kingdom which eventually was absorbed i

List of rulers of Cambodia

List of rulers of Algeria before independence

List of rulers of the Fon state of Danhome

List of rulers of Leqa Naqamte

This is a list of rulers of Prome (Pyay) from the end of Pagan period to the beginning of Restored Toungoo Dynasty of Burma (Myanmar). Strategically located at the border of the Hanthawaddy Kingdom, the city of Prome (Pyay) was governed closely by the central government throughout the Small Kingdoms period (1287–1555). Unlike in other locations, the high kings at Ava by and large did not allow hereditary viceroyship at Prome. A new governor, usually a senior prince close to the royal family, was appointed. The arrangement broke down in 1482 when the Prome Kingdom gained independence from Ava. In the early 17th century, Restored Toungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawaddy valley. After Pye Min, the office became strictly an appointed mayoral

List of rulers of Herat

List of rulers of Schonborn

This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire. The Mark, or March, of Brandenburg was one of the primary constituent states of the Holy Roman Empire. It was created in 1157 as the Margraviate of Brandenburg by Albert the Bear, Margrave of the Northern March. In 1356, by the terms of the Golden Bull of Charles IV, the Margrave of Brandenburg was given the permanent right to participate in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor with the title of Elector (German: Kurfürst). The early rulers came from several different dynasties, but from 1415 Brandenburg and its successor states were ruled by the House of Hohenzollern for over 500 years. From 1618 onward, Brandenburg was ruled in personal union with the Duchy of Prussia. The Hohenzollerns raised Prussia to a kingdom as the Kingdom of Prussia in 1701, and from then on Brandenburg was de facto treated as part of the kingdom even though it was legally still part of the Holy Roman Empire. The titles of Margrave of Brandenburg and Elector of Brandenburg were abolished along with the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, and Brandenburg was formally integrated into Prussia. Despite this, the Prussian kings still included the title "Margrave of Brandenburg" in their royal style. From 1871 to 1918 the Hohenzollerns were also German Emperors.

This is a list of rulers of Iceland, ruling from 1262 to 1944. Iceland was settled in the late 9th and early 10th centuries, principally by people of Norwegian and other Scandinavian origin. In 930, the ruling chiefs established a republican constitution and an assembly called the Althing—the oldest parliament in the world. Iceland remained independent until 1262, when it entered into a treaty which established a union with the Norwegian monarchy. In the late 14th century Norway and Denmark entered into a union. The union between Denmark and Norway, ignoring some shorter periods, lasted until 1814, when Norway briefly gained independence, and Iceland became an integral part of Denmark until 1918, when Iceland was recognised as a fully sovereign state united with Denmark under a common mona

List of rulers of Serbia

List of rulerss of Sintang

List of rulers of Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel

List of rulers of Kampuchea

This article lists the Margraves and Electors of Brandenburg during the period of time that Brandenburg was a constituent state of the Holy Roman Empire. The Mark, or March, of Brandenburg was one of the primary constituent states of the Holy Roman Empire. It was created in 1157 as the Margraviate of Brandenburg by Albert the Bear, Margrave of the Northern March. In 1356, by the terms of the Golden Bull of Charles IV, the Margrave of Brandenburg was given the permanent right to participate in the election of the Holy Roman Emperor with the title of Elector (German: Kurfürst).

List of rulers of Alamannia

List of rulers of the Bariba state of Kandi

List of rulers of Witu

List of rulers of the Bariba state of Paraku

This is a list of the paramounts of the Gcaleka Xhosa of the Eastern Cape province.
* Gcaleka kaPhalo (1775-1792)
* Khawuta kaGcaleka (1792-1804)
* Nqoko kaGcaleka (1804-1820)
* Hintsa kaKhawuta (1820-1835)
* Sarili kaHintsa (1835-1892)
* Sigcawu kaSarili (1892-1902)
* Salukaphathwa Gwebi'nkumbi Sigcawu (1902-1921)
* Daliza Sigcawu (1921-1923)
* Mpisekhaya Ngangomhlaba Sigcawu (1923-1933)
* Bungeni Zwelidumile Sigcawu (1933-1965)
* Xolilizwe Mzikayise Sigcawu (1965-2005)
* Zwelonke Sigcawu (2005–present)

List of rulers of the United Kingdom and predecessor states

List of rulers of Rolong

The Vikings, who had created a longphort near Waterford in 853, finally settled and created a town in 914. These were led by Ottir Iarla. Ragnall ua Ímair then installed himself over them in 917, however leaving a year later to Britain, with Ottir, and presumably placing a deputy in control. Several of the 11th century Norse kings, the descendants of Ímar (died 1000), were both allied to and vassals of the powerful O'Brien dynasty, with whom they may also have intermarried, and who in at least one case in the 1070s (Diarmait, son of Toirrdelbach Ua Briain) exercised direct rule over the small city.
* Ottir Iarla (914–917)
* Ragnall ua Ímair (917-920/1)
* Ímar (died 1000)
* Ragnall mac Ímair (died 1018)
* Sitriuc mac Ímair (died 1022)
* Ragnall ua Ímair (reigned 1022–1035)
* Cú Inmain ua Robann (died 1037)
* Wadter (?-?)
* Ragnall (?-1170)
* O'Faoláin (?-1170) The fate of the Waterford Norse is uncertain after the Norman invasion. Forced out of their own city, they are recorded occupying some of the surrounding countrysides for a period afterwards. Also uncertain is how long the Uí Ímair continued to provide rulers.

List of rulers of Hanau

List of rulers of the Bamum

List of rulers of modern Egypt

List of rulers of Modern Egypt

List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Bosume

List of rulers of Swabia

This is a list of rulers and office-holders of Iran.

List of rulers of the Mossi state of Tenkodogo

List of rulers of Bohemia

The Vikings, who had created a longphort near Waterford in 853, finally settled and created a town in 914. These were led by Ottir Iarla. Ragnall ua Ímair then installed himself over them in 917, however leaving a year later to Britain, with Ottir, and presumably placing a deputy in control. Several of the 11th century Norse kings, the descendants of Ímar (died 1000), were both allied to and vassals of the powerful O'Brien dynasty, with whom they may also have intermarried, and who in at least one case in the 1070s (Diarmait, son of Toirrdelbach Ua Briain) exercised direct rule over the small city.

List of rulers of Thuringia

List of rulers of the Mali Empire

List of rulers of France

List of Rulers of the Akan state of The Guan are believed to have begun to migrate from the Mossi region of modern Burkina Faso around A.D. 1000. Moving gradually through the Volta valley in a southerly direction, they created settlements along the Black Volta, throughout the Afram Plains, in the Volta Gorge, and in the Akuapem Hills before moving farther south onto the coastal plains. Some scholars postulate that the wide distribution of the Guan suggests that they were the Neolithic population of the region. Later migrations by other groups such as the Akan, Ewe, and Ga-Adangbe into Guan-settled areas would then have led to the development of Guan-speaking enclaves along the Volta and within the coastal plains. The Guan have been heavily influenced by their neighbours. The Efutu, a subgr

List of rulers of the Fante Confederation

List of rulers of Elbeuf

This is a list of rulers of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, which from 15 March 1939 until 5 May 1945 comprised the German-occupied parts of Czechoslovakia. It includes both the representatives of the recognized Czech authorities as well as the German Reichsprotektoren ("Reich protectors") and the Minister of State, who held the real executive power.

List of rulers of baNgwaketse

List of rulers of Orungu

The Rulers of the Wadai Sultanate ruled a territory today located in the north of the Republic of Chad.

List of rulers of the Gibe state of Goma

List of rulers of Wanga (Kenya) (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office)

List of rulers of Lan Na

Territory located in present-day Benin. = Ruler.

List of rulers of Saba and Himyar

After Constantin Bodin's death, fighting among his potential successors weakened the state of Duklja and the region succumbed to Rascia's reign between 1183 and 1186. In 1190, Grand Župan of Rascia Stefan Nemanja's son, Vukan II, asserted his right to the Dukljan crown. In 1219, the regent of Zeta and King Vukan's oldest son, Đorđe Nemanjić, became king of Duklja/Zeta. He was succeeded by his second oldest son, Uroš I, who built the 'Uspenje Bogorodice' monastery in Morača.

List of rulers of Asanteman

List of rulers of the Mossi state of Wogodogo

List of rulers of the Northern state of Mamprusi

List of Rulers of the Ngoni Dynasty of Maseko () (Malawi):

List of rulers of Dos Pilas

List of rulers of Sri Lanka

The rulers of the Duala are the headmen, chiefs, paramount chiefs, and kings of the Duala people of Cameroon. The earliest known Duala rulers, according to Duala oral history, were Mbongo and his son Mbedi. From Mbedi's home at Pīti, northeast of the modern city of Douala, his sons migrated southward. Ewale a Mbedi settled on the Wouri River at the Bight of Bonny (modern Douala) and became the eponymous founder of the Duala people. Over time, the Duala split into various lineages. The earliest of these were the , which established independence from the in the late 18th century. The followed suit sometime in the early 19th century. Each of these families established a population centre along the banks of the Wouri. By the 19th century, Douala was thus divided into several of these residential areas, referred to as towns. Beginning as early as the 18th century with Doo a Makongo, European traders began referring to the Duala rulers as chiefs and kings (kine in Duala). A dichotomy emerged under which the rulers of Akwa and Bell were kings, while the leaders of smaller lineages were chiefs or princes. These rulers were often given Europeanised names, such as King George or King Akwa. Beginning with the colonial era, German, French, and British colonial governments designated various Duala rulers as paramount chiefs. During this era, Duala rulers were often deposed and even exiled for any perceived infraction against the colonial government. Traditions of royalty have since ceased in some of these lineages, although in modern times, the royal line of some lineages has been reconstituted after an interregnum.

List of rulers of Nabatea

This is a list of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Kotoku.

List of rulers of the Gibe state of Gera

List of rulers of Tawana

List of rulers of Welayta

List of rulers of Texcoco

List of rulers of Japan

List of rulers of baTlôkwa

This is a list of rulers of Iceland, ruling from 1262 to 1944. Iceland was settled in the late 9th and early 10th centuries, principally by people of Norwegian and other Scandinavian origin. In 930, the ruling chiefs established a republican constitution and an assembly called the Althing—the oldest parliament in the world. Iceland remained independent until 1262, when it entered into a treaty which established a union with the Norwegian monarchy. In the late 14th century Norway and Denmark entered into a union. The union between Denmark and Norway, ignoring some shorter periods, lasted until 1814, when Norway briefly gained independence, and Iceland became an integral part of Denmark until 1918, when Iceland was recognised as a fully sovereign state united with Denmark under a common monarch, on 1 December that same year. Following a constitutional referendum between 20 and 23 May 1944, Iceland formally became an independent republic on 17 June 1944. Since Denmark was still occupied by Germany, many Danes felt offended that the step should have been taken at the time. Still, the King of Denmark, Christian X, sent a message of congratulations to the Icelandic people.

This is a List of rulers of Moldavia, from the first mention of the medieval polity east of the Carpathians and until its disestablishment in 1862, when it united with Wallachia, the other Danubian Principality, to form the modern-day state of Romania.

This is the list of rulers of the Bariba state of Kwande.

This article lists the Kings of Tír Eoghain or Tyrone from 1185 to 1616. They are listed from their date of accession to date of death, unless otherwise stated. Prior to this, the ruling dynasty - the Cenél nEógain - were most of the Kings of Ailech. During the tenth and eleventh centuries, two main septs within the dynasty emerged; the Meic Lochlainn and the Ó Néill. The latter family pushed aside the Meic Lochlainn, and from 1241 onwards the kingdom was ruled exclusively by members of the Ó Néill family.

List of rulers of Luba

List of rulers of the Berba state of Gwande

The Gibe kingdom is located in present-day Ethiopia. Source: Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.

List of Rulers of Leqa Naqamte, a territory located in present-day Ethiopia (see Nekemte) Moti = Rulers

The Netherlands, or Low Countries, possessed clearly delineated boundaries only after 1500. Still in many respects they demonstrated common traits and underwent similar development that differentiated them from surrounding countries. The social, economic and political similarities evident throughout most of the region stem from the High Middle Ages, when the Scheldt, Maas and Rhine delta area became an important center of trade. Next to Northern Italy, the Low Countries became the most urbanised and prosperous region in Europe.

The western half of the Ijebu Kingdom in Nigeria is known as Remo. It was initially settled roughly around the second half of the 15th century and was consolidated into a major sector of the kingdom with its own dominant ruling family around the early 16th century. This is a list of the Akarigbo's of Remo, who in many present day sources can also be referred to as the Oba or King of Sagamu (pronounced shagamu).

List of rulers of Sheba

Bhutan was founded and unified as a country by Ngawang Namgyal, 1st Zhabdrung Rinpoche in the mid–17th century. After his death in 1651, Bhutan nominally followed his recommended "dual system of government". Under the dual system, government control was split between a civil administrative leader, the Druk Desi (འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་, aka Deb Raja); and a religious leader, the Je Khenpo (རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་). Since the rise of the unified House of Wangchuck in 1907, the Druk Gyalpo (འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་; lit. "Dragon King") have been the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

List of rulers of Montenegro

List of rulers of Taungoo

List of rulers of Kasongo-Lunda

This is the list of rulers of the Kara Koyunlu dynasty ("The Horde of the Black Sheep"). The dynasty ruled the territory now part of present-day Iran, Iraq, Azerbaijan and eastern Turkey. Their capital was the city of Tabriz.

List of rulers of Ga (Nkran)

List of rulers of Montferrat

The following list of rulers of Estonia indicates the rules throughout that nation's history. This list starts with the ancient Counties and Parishes each headed by Seniores and Meliores (Elders) as noted by Henry of Livonia. The highest political institutions in Estonia during ancient times were the Maavald Kingdom (king Lembitu Wytamas 1211-1217, ruler of the Estonian army) (memorial Lembitu) The administrative jurisdiction of the parish and county elders were limited, the counties themselves remained autonomous until the German and Danish conquest in the 13th century. Ending with the states and the rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present-day Estonia, as well as the leaders of the independent Republic of Estonia since 1918.

List of rulers of the Kingdom of Gomma

List of rulers of the Yoruba state of Sabe

List of rulers of the Mossi state of Yatenga

This is a list of rulers of Timor since the 17th century. Timor was traditionally divided into a large number of small kingdoms whose rulers were variously known as liurais, rajas, regulos, na'i, etc. They were drawn into the colonial spheres of the Dutch East India Company and Portugal from the 17th century onwards. The succession of the individual kingdoms is only partly known from the existing literature. After the achieving of Indonesian independence the kingdoms in West Timor were phased out and eventually abolished in about 1962. In Portuguese East Timor the kingdoms (reinos) lost much of their functions after 1912, although they have persisted as ritual domains until the present.

List of rulers of Ngwaketse

List of rulers of the Philippines

This is a list of rulers and office-holders in Burundi.

List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Con

List of run-of-river hydroelectric power stations

List of rulers of Thrace

Bhutan was founded and unified as a country by Ngawang Namgyal, 1st Zhabdrung Rinpoche in the mid–17th century. After his death in 1651, Bhutan nominally followed his recommended "dual system of government". Under the dual system, government control was split between a civil administrative leader, the Druk Desi (འབྲུག་སྡེ་སྲིད་, aka Deb Raja); and a religious leader, the Je Khenpo (རྗེ་མཁན་པོ་). Both the Druk Desi and Je Khenpo were under the nominal authority of the Zhabdrung Rinpoche, a reincarnation of Ngawang Namgyal. In practice however, the Zhabdrung was often a child under the control of the Druk Desi, and regional penlops often administered their districts in defiance of the power of the Druk Desis until the rise of the unified House of Wangchuck in 1907. Since the rise of the unified House of Wangchuck in 1907, the Druk Gyalpo (འབྲུག་རྒྱལ་པོ་; lit. "Dragon King") have been the head of state of the Kingdom of Bhutan.

List of rulers of the Akan state of Assin Atadanso

List of rulers of Morocco

This is a list of rulers and office-holders of France.

List of rulers of Mutapa

List of rulers of Huahine

List of rulers of Dacia

List of rulers of Makuria

List of rulers of Illyria

List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

List of rulers of Tahiti

List of rulers of the Mossi state of Gurunsi

For Lists of rulers of India, see:
* List of Indian monarchs (c. 1700 BC–1951)
* List of Indian presidents (1950–present)
* List of Prime Ministers of India (1947–present)

List of rulers of the Maasai

List of rulers of Prome

The rulers of Aleppo ruled as kings, Emirs and Sultans of the city and its region since the later half of the 3rd millennium BC, starting with the kings of Armi, followed by the Amorite dynasty of Yamhad, and ending with the Ayyubid dynasty which was ousted by the Mongol conquest in 1260. The rulers of Yamhad used the titles of King and Great King, the Hittite dynasty monarchs used the titles of king and viceroy. The Emirate of Halab was established in 945 by the Hamdanid dynasty and lasted until 1086, when it was elevated to the rank of Sultanate under the Seljuq dynasty, the sultanate was sometimes ruled along with Damascus by the same sultan. The Artuqids rulers used the Titles of King (Malik) and Emir, so did the Zengid rulers in addition to the title Atabeg, while the Ayyubid monarchs used the titles of Sultan and Malik The dates for Yamhad and the Hittite Dynasties are proximate and calculated by the Middle chronology.

List of rulers of the Fon state of Alada

The rulers of Aleppo ruled as kings, Emirs and Sultans of the city and its region since the later half of the 3rd millennium BC, starting with the kings of Armi, followed by the Amorite dynasty of Yamhad, and ending with the Ayyubid dynasty which was ousted by the Mongol conquest in 1260. The rulers of Yamhad used the titles of King and Great King, the Hittite dynasty monarchs used the titles of king and viceroy. The Artuqids rulers used the Titles of King (Malik) and Emir, so did the Zengid rulers in addition to the title Atabeg, while the Ayyubid monarchs used the titles of Sultan and Malik

The Netherlands, or Low Countries, possessed clearly delineated boundaries only after 1500. Still in many respects they demonstrated common traits and underwent similar development that differentiated them from surrounding countries. The social, economic and political similarities evident throughout most of the region stem from the High Middle Ages, when the Scheldt, Maas and Rhine delta area became an important center of trade. Next to Northern Italy, the Low Countries became the most urbanised and prosperous region in Europe. Its political system exhibited, from relatively early on, a degree of representative government that differed from the more feudal arrangements then existent in much of Europe. Internationally, the region served both as a mediator for and a buffer to the surrounding great powers, France, England, and Germany.

This is a list of the rulers and governors of the island of Crete throughout its history.

List of rulers of Ava

List of rulers of Greece

List of rulers of Baguirmi

Of the first historically verifiable rulers of Frisia, whether they are called dukes or kings, the last royal dynasty below is established by the chronicles of Merovingian kings of the Franks, with whom they were contemporaries. In these contemporary chronicles, they were styled dux, a Latin term for leader which is the origin of the title duke and its cognates in other languages (duc, duce, doge, duque, etc.). They were independent until the death of Radbod at the earliest. After coming under Frankish rule, Frisia was governed by Frankish counts and by potestates elected by the Frisians.

List of rulers of Toungoo

List of rulers of the Gibe state of Jimma

This is a list of the monarchs of the traditional Kingdom of Dagbon, the kingdom of the Dagomba people, located in northern Ghana. The term Ya-Na means "king of strength" in the Dagbani language. It was adopted by king (Na) Sitobu, and has since been the term for the king of Dagbon.

The following is a list of rulers of the Kingdom of Gera. The Gibe kingdom of Gera was one of the kingdoms in the Gibe region of Ethiopia that emerged in the 19th century.

List of rulers of the United Kingdom

List of rulers of Mantua

List of Rulers "Chikulamayembe" of (Malawi):

List of rulers of the palatinate

List of rulers of Jolof

List of rulers of Britain

Territory located in present-day Benin. Later known as Ajache Ipo or Ajashe (Adjatshe/Adjatché). Ahosu = King.

The Kingdom of Commagene was a small Hellenized Armenian kingdom in southern Anatolia near Antioch, which began life as a tributary state of the Seleucid Empire and later became an independent kingdom, before eventually being annexed by the Roman Empire in 72.

List of rulers of Hogbonu (Porto-Novo)

During his history as independent entity, Mantua knew different rulers, who governed on the city and the lands of Mantua from Middle Ages to early modern period. Since 970 to 1115, the Counts of Mantua were members of the House of Canossa. During its time as free commune and signoria ("lordship"), the Lords of Mantua were exponents of the Bonacolsi and Gonzaga families. From 1328, Mantua was informally led by Gonzagas until 1433, when Gianfrancesco Gonzaga assumed the noble title of Marquess of Mantua. In 1530, Federico II received the title of Duke of Mantua. In 1531, the family acquired the vacant Marquisate of Montferrat through marriage.

List of rulers of Bassein

The Kingdom of the Isles comprised the Hebrides, the islands of the Firth of Clyde and the Isle of Man from the 9th to the 13th centuries AD. The islands were known to the Norse as the Suðreyjar, or "Southern Isles" as distinct from the Norðreyjar or Northern Isles of Orkney and Shetland. The historical record is incomplete and the kingdom was probably not a continuous entity throughout the entire period. The islands concerned are sometimes referred to as the "Kingdom of Mann and the Isles", although only some of the later rulers claimed that title. At times the rulers were independent of external control, although for much of the period they had overlords in Norway, Ireland, England, Scotland or Orkney. At times there also appear to have been competing claims for all or parts of the territory. The islands involved have a total land area of over 8,300 square kilometres (3,205 sq mi) and extend for more than 500 kilometres (310 mi) from north to south. Viking influence in the area commenced in the late 8th century, and whilst there is no doubt that the Uí Ímair dynasty played a prominent role in this early period, the records for the dates and details of the rulers are speculative until the mid-10th century. Hostility between the Kings of the Isles and the rulers of Ireland, and intervention by the crown of Norway (either directly or through their vassals the Earls of Orkney) were recurring themes. Invasion by Magnus Barelegs in the late 11th century resulted in a brief period of direct Norwegian rule over the kingdom, but soon the descendants of Godred Crovan re-asserted a further period of largely independent overlordship. This came to an end with the emergence of Somerled, on whose death in 1164 the kingdom was split in two. Just over a century later the islands became part of the Kingdom of Scotland, following the 1266 Treaty of Perth. The orthography of the rulers' names is complicated as Old Norse and Gaelic were both spoken throughout the region for much of period under consideration. Thus a single individual might be referred to as Rognvaldr in Icelandic sources, Rag(h)nall in Gaelic, Reginaldus in Latin and perhaps "Rognvald" or "Reginald" in English language sources.

The following were the rulers of the Wolayta kingdom and province in present-day southern Ethiopia.

This is a list of the rulers of the Kingdom of Kongo known commonly as the Manikongos (KiKongo: Mwenekongo). Mwene (plural: Awene) in Kikongo meant a person holding authority, particularly judicial authority, derived from the root -wene which meant, by the sixteenth century at least, territory over which jurisdiction was held. The ruler of Kongo was the most powerful mwene in the region who the Portuguese regarded as the king (in Kikongo ntinu king upon their arrival in 1483.

List of rulers of Leqa Qellam

List of rulers of the Akan state of Akuapem Anafo

List of rulers of Macedon

List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Nungu

List of Afghan Rulers in present-day Afghanistan with capital at Herat

List of rulers of the Xhosa

The Shan State, a state of Myanmar (also known as Burma), was once made up of a large number of traditional monarchies or fiefdoms. These are collectively known as Shan States.

List of rulers of the Kievan Rus'

List of rulers of Kara Koyunlu

List of rulers of Italy in the period 476-773

List of rulers of Estonia

List of rump states

List of rulers of the Kingdom of the Isles

List of rulers of Bangwato (bamaNgwato)

List of rulers of Lorraine

List of rulers of Savoy

List of rulers of the Akan state of Akyem Kotoku

List of rulers of seperate Emirates of the United Arab Emirates

List of rulers of the Fon state of Savi Hweda

List of rulers of Nri

List of rulerss of the palatinate

This is a list of rulers of Taungoo, the predecessor principality of the Taungoo Dynasty of what is now Myanmar. The principality of Taungoo, at the edge of the realm of Upper Burma-based kingdoms, was a rebellion-prone vassal state. The region was ruled by hereditary viceroys as well as appointed governors, depending on the power of the high king at Pinya, and later Inwa (Ava). Many of the rulers of Taungoo were assassinated while in office, and a few others died in action, showing the frontier nature of the region. The high kings at Ava at times had only nominal control or no control in many stretches. After 1612, the office of viceroy at Taungoo became a mere appointed governorship as the Restored Taungoo kings abolished then existing hereditary viceroyships throughout the entire Irrawa

List of rulers of Vojvodina

List of rulers of the Protectorate Bohemia and Moravia

List of rulers of Shan states

List of rulers of Ceylon

List of rulers of the Ouaddai Kingdom

List of rulers of the Gurma Mossi state of Piela

List of rulers of Guastalla

List of rulers of Barolong

List of rulers of Numenor

List of rulers of Pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran

List of rulers of Bulgaria

List of rulers of the Akan state of Gyaaman