Israel–Jordan relations

Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015)

Israelites

Israelization (Hebrew: ישראליזציה‎; Other English spellings: Israelification or Israelisation) is a term in sociology, study of culture, and politics of Israel that refers to the processes occurring among minority groups in Israel. A process in which minority groups adopt, at various levels, the lifestyle, language, culture, political and other characteristics of the dominant group in Israel – Israeli-born secular Jews.

This article examines Israeli views of the peace process that is ongoing concerning the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. There are a multitude of opinions and views of the peace process elicited at various points during Israel's history and by a variety of people. A popular understanding of the origins of the conflict from the Israeli point of view is that it began following the 1967 Six-Day War with Israel's occupation of the territories and consequently the peace process negotiations should stem from this. However, there are other understandings of the conflict and therefore the solution for peace, including some Israeli academics' and peace activists' understanding that a much longer history is involved, differing from the popular narrative often recited. Suggestions for how to achieve peace in the region include a two state solution where an Israeli sovereign state and a Palestinian sovereign state exist side by side, or the suggestion of a one state secular solution where power is shared by Israelis and Palestinians. Hardliners believe that Israel should maintain sovereignty over the land it currently occupies and give no concessions to Palestinians, others believe keeping up the military campaign, occupation of the Gaza Strip and the West Bank and separation from Palestinians is the only current way forward. There is also a note of despair and uncertainness as to how to proceed among some, particularly following the failure of peace summits in the 1990s and early 21st century and the second Intifada, as Kaufman et al. have stated; "there is a growing consensus that the current political leadership are not able to build a stable peace and resolve the conflict between Israel and the Palestinian people". As Cowen says "almost everyone wants peace [but] on his or her terms" and this is the crux of the problem. The article looks at the views demonstrated in Israel following particular attempts to create peace between Israel and Palestinian groups; such as the Oslo Accords, the Camp David 2000 summit and the Road Map for Peace. Also scrutinized are the views of key Israeli political figures and public opinions at particular points. This article intentionally only focuses on Israeli points of view and not Palestinian views (see: Palestinian views of the peace process), it is not a history of the peace process (see: Israeli–Palestinian peace process) or the conflict (see: history of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) and it specifically looks at the Israeli–Palestinian conflict and peace process and not Israel's relations more generally with the Arab world (see: Arab–Israeli conflict; history of the Arab–Israeli conflict). Almost every Israeli prime minister has called for peace talks with moderate Arab leaders over the years.(See also: Palestinian views on the peace process)

Israel–Peru relations

Israeli violations of Lebanese sovereignty

Israel–Iran proxy conflict

Israeli science

Israel–North Korea relations

Israeli option

Israels Plads

Israel–Kosovan relations

Israelitische Cultusgemeinde Zürich

Israeli security services

Israeli television

Israel–Myanmar relations

Israel–Egypt relations

Israeli state-sponsored terrorism

Israeli prisoners of war

Israeli violations of Lebanese territory

Israeli–Palestinian conflict in Hebron

Israeli racism

Israel–Papua New Guinea relations

Israel–Canada relations

Israeli presidential election, 1952

Israel and Oman established unofficial trade relations in 1994. Despite this, as of 2008 Israeli citizens were prohibited entry into Oman. Economic cooperation between the two countries, though not significant, helped Oman to become a bridge between the Arab world and Israel. In 2018, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu led a delegation to Oman and met with Sultan Qaboos and other senior Omani officials.

Israelite Bay (33°36′36″S 123°52′34″E﻿ / ﻿33.61°S 123.876°E, postcode: 6452) is a bay and locality on the south coast of Western Australia – frequently mentioned in Bureau of Meteorology weather reports as a geographical marker although it does not have a climate record. Situated in the Shire of Esperance local government area, it lies east of Esperance, where the western end of the Great Australian Bight commences. It is part of Cape Arid National Park. The eastern island group of the Recherche Archipelago is near Israelite Bay.

Israeli presidential election, 1988

Israelnationalnews.com

The Israelite Association of Venezuela, (Spanish: Asociación Israelita de Venezuela), known as Tiferet Israel, founded in the 1920s by Sephardic Jews, is the oldest surviving Jewish organization in Venezuela. An association of Sephardic Jews, it supports a large synagogue in Caracas and counts about 800 families among its members.

Israelite highland settlement refers to ancient Israelite settlement in the highlands north of Jerusalem discovered in archaeological field surveys conducted in Israel since the 1970s. These surveys found a large increase in the settled population dating to 1200 BCE. It is not known whether the Israelites arrived in the wake of conquests or the new villages were established by former nomads or displaced persons. A similar increase was not found in the surrounding lowland areas. According to archaeological evidence, these areas may have been inhabited by Canaanites or Sea People.

Israeli prime ministerial and legislative election, 1996

Israel–Nauru relations are diplomatic and other relations between the Israel and Nauru. Israel has a non-resident ambassador in Jerusalem and honorary consulate (Yaren), Nauru has an honorary consulate (Rosh HaAyin). In 2010 the President of Nauru, Marcus Stephen and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Nauru, Dr. Kieren Keke, along with Nauru's ambassador to the United Nations, Marlene Moses visited Israel, and at that meeting President Stephen expressed unqualified support for Israel.

The Israelite–Aramean War was waged between the Israelites and Aramea, Bashan, and the Amorites. Israel took over the Golan, a vital landmark.

Israelite diaspora

Israeli propaganda

Israelitisches Familienblatt

Israel–Lebanon relations

Israeli rock (Hebrew: רוק ישראלי‎, Rok Yisra'eli) is rock music created by Israeli bands and singers.

The Israeli paradox is a catchphrase, first used in 1996, to summarize the apparently paradoxical epidemiological observation that Israeli Jews have a relatively high incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), despite having a diet relatively low in saturated fats, in apparent contradiction to the widely held belief that the high consumption of such fats is a risk factor for CHD. The paradox is that if the thesis linking saturated fats to CHD is valid, the Israelis ought to have a lower rate of CHD than comparable countries where the per capita consumption of such fats is higher. The observation of Israel's paradoxically high rate of CHD is one of a number of paradoxical outcomes for which a literature now exists, regarding the thesis that a high consumption of saturated fats ought to lead to an increase in CHD incidence, and that a lower consumption ought to lead to the reverse outcome. The most famous of these paradoxes is known as the "French paradox": France enjoys a relatively low incidence of CHD despite a high per-capita consumption of saturated fat. The Israeli paradox implies two important possibilities. The first is that the hypothesis linking saturated fats to CHD is not completely valid (or, at the extreme, is entirely invalid). The second possibility is that the link between saturated fats and CHD is valid, but that some additional factor in the typical Israeli diet, lifestyle or genes creates another CHD risk—presumably with the implication that if this factor can be identified, it can be isolated in the diet and / or lifestyle of other countries, thereby allowing both the Israelis, and others, to avoid that particular risk.

Malawi and Israel established diplomatic relations with each other in July 1964 and have continued relations since.

Israels Venner pa Stortinget

Israelândia is a municipality in eastern Goiás state, Brazil.

Israelite Central Consistory of France

The Pruta (Hebrew: פרוטה‎, plural: prutot) was a denomination of currency in Israel prior to 1960. The pruta was introduced shortly after the establishment of the state of Israel, as the 1000th part of the Israeli pound. It replaced the mil, which was the 1000th part of the Palestine pound, a currency issued by the British Mandate of Palestine prior to May 1948.

Israeli pro wrestling

Israeli unilateral disengagement plan

Israelis in India may be immigrants and expatriates from Israel, or Indians of Israeli descent. Many of them reside in Goa., Thane and Raigad districts of Maharashtra . Some have started businesses such as restaurants and boutiques. Their children may learn local languages such as Marathi especially Bene Israel. Konkani and Hindi as well as Hebrew.

Israeli support for South African Aparteid

The Israelites (; Hebrew: בני ישראל‎ Bnei Yisra'el) were a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes of the ancient Near East, who inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods. According to the religious narrative of the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites' origin is traced back to the Biblical patriarchs and matriarchs Abraham and his wife Sarah, through their son Isaac and his wife Rebecca, and their son Jacob who was later called Israel, whence they derive their name, with his wives Leah and Rachel and the handmaids Zilpa and Bilhah.

Israeli security fence

Israeli soccer players

Israeli space program

Israeli press

Israeli–Mexican relations are the diplomatic relations between Israel and Mexico. Both nations are members of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, the United Nations and the World Trade Organization.

Israeli–Arab organ donations

Israeli solar energy

Israelization

Israel–Kazakhstan relations refers to the current and historical relations between Israel and Kazakhstan. Both countries established diplomatic relations on April 10, 1992. The embassy of Israel in Kazakhstan opened in August 1992. The embassy of Kazakhstan in Israel opened in May 1996. Israel has an embassy in Nur-Sultan and Kazakhstan maintains an embassy in Tel Aviv.

Israeli security forces

Israeli visa

Israeli pruta

Israeli war of independence

Israeli people

Israel–Namibia relations

Israel–Lithuania relations

Israel – Micronesia relations are diplomatic and other relations between the State of Israel and the Federated States of Micronesia. Israel was among the first countries to establish formal diplomatic relations with Micronesia.

Israel–Algeria relations

Israel–Lebanon border

Israel–Austria relations

Israeli pound

Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition

Israeli policy of demolishing Palestinian homes

Israelitische Kultusgemeinde für Tirol und Vorarlberg

Israeli wine is produced by hundreds of wineries, ranging in size from small boutique enterprises to large companies producing over ten million bottles per year. Wine has been produced in the Land of Israel since biblical times. In 2011, Israeli wine exports totaled over $26.7 million.

The Israeli–Palestinian Joint Water Committee (JWC) is a joint Israeli–Palestinian authority, created in 1995 by the Oslo II Accord. Its purpose is to manage water and sewage related infrastructure in the West Bank, particularly to take decisions on maintenance of existing infrastructure and approval of new projects. Although it was originally intended to be a temporary organ for a five years interim period, it still exists as of 2015.

Israeli registration plates

Israeli presidential election, 1951

Battle of the Golan

Israel and Mauritania relations refers to the historic and current bilateral relationship between Israel and Mauritania. In 1999, Mauritania became the third member of the Arab League to recognize Israel as a sovereign state. The two countries established full diplomatic relations in October 1999. However, as a response to the Gaza War (2008–09), relations were frozen since 2009.

Israel–Norway relations refers to the bilateral relations between Israel and Norway. Norway was one of the first countries to recognize Israel on 4 February 1949. Both countries established diplomatic relations later that year. Israel has an embassy in Oslo, which serves Norway and Iceland. Norway has an embassy in Tel Aviv and two honorary consulates (in Eilat and Haifa). 553 Israeli citizens live in Norway and 260 Norwegians live in Israel.

Israeli wall in the West Bank

Israel–Mauritania relations

Israeli political party

Israel–Armenia relations

The Israelites (; Hebrew: בני ישראל‎ Bnei Yisra'el) were a confederation of Iron Age Semitic-speaking tribes of the ancient Near East, who inhabited a part of Canaan during the tribal and monarchic periods. According to the religious narrative of the Hebrew Bible, the Israelites' origin is traced back to the Biblical patriarchs and matriarchs Abraham and his wife Sarah, through their son Isaac and his wife Rebecca, and their son Jacob who was later called Israel, whence they derive their name, with his wives Leah and Rachel and the handmaids Zilpa and Bilhah. Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the religious narrative, with it being reframed as constituting an inspiring national myth narrative. The Israelites and their culture, according to the modern archaeological account, did not overtake the region by force, but instead branched out of the indigenous Canaanite peoples that long inhabited the Southern Levant, Syria, ancient Israel, and the Transjordan region through the development of a distinct monolatristic—later cementing as monotheistic—religion centered on Yahweh. The outgrowth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of cultic practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group, setting them apart from other Canaanites. In the Hebrew Bible the term Israelites is used interchangeably with the term Twelve Tribes of Israel. Although related, the terms Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews are not interchangeable in all instances. "Israelites" (Yisraelim) refers specifically to the direct descendants of any of the sons of the patriarch Jacob (later called Israel), and his descendants as a people are also collectively called "Israel", including converts to their faith in worship of the god of Israel, Yahweh. "Hebrews" (ʿIvrim), on the contrary, is used to denote the Israelites' immediate forebears who dwelt in the land of Canaan, the Israelites themselves, and the Israelites' ancient and modern descendants (including Jews and Samaritans). "Jews" (Yehudim) is used to denote the descendants of the Israelites who coalesced when the Tribe of Judah absorbed the remnants of various other Israelite tribes. During the period of the divided monarchy "Israelites" was only used to refer to the inhabitants of the northern Kingdom of Israel, and it is only extended to cover the people of the southern Kingdom of Judah in post-exilic usage. The Israelites are the ethnic stock from which modern Jews and Samaritans originally trace their ancestry. Modern Jews are named after and also descended from the southern Israelite Kingdom of Judah, particularly the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, Simeon and partially Levi. Many Israelites took refuge in the Kingdom of Judah following the collapse of the Kingdom of Israel. Finally, in Judaism, the term "Israelite" is, broadly speaking, used to refer to a lay member of the Jewish ethnoreligious group, as opposed to the priestly orders of Kohanim and Levites. In texts of Jewish law such as the Mishnah and Gemara, the term יהודי (Yehudi), meaning Jew, is rarely used, and instead the ethnonym ישראלי (Yisraeli), or Israelite, is widely used to refer to Jews. Samaritans commonly refer to themselves and to Jews collectively as Israelites, and they describe themselves as the Israelite Samaritans.

Israeli vehicle registration plate

Israel–Brazil relations

Israel–Jordan Peace Treaty

Israels Venner på Stortinget

Israelian nationality law

Israeli–Japanese relations (In Hebrew יחסי ישראל יפן in Japanese 日イスラエル関係) began on May 15, 1952, when Japan recognized Israel and an Israeli legation opened in Tokyo. In 1954 Japan's ambassador to Turkey assumed the additional role of minister to Israel. In 1955 a Japanese legation with a Minister Plenipotentiary opened in Tel Aviv. In 1963, relations were upgraded to Embassy level, and have remained on that level since then. Japan's trade relations with Arab League members and most Muslim-majority countries have taken a precedence over those with Israel. However, due to the declining price of oil in early 2015, as well as internal political shifting in Japan, the two nations are seeking increased research, economic and cultural ties, particularly in the area of tech start-ups and defense. Today ties between Israel and Japan were strengthened significantly, with many mutual investment between the two nations. Japanese prime minister Shinzo Abe visited Israel twice - once in 2015 and a second time in 2018.

Israeli wine is produced by hundreds of wineries, ranging in size from small boutique enterprises to large companies producing over ten million bottles per year. Wine has been produced in the Land of Israel since biblical times. In 2011, Israeli wine exports totaled over $26.7 million. The modern Israeli wine industry was founded by Baron Edmond James de Rothschild, owner of the Bordeaux estate Château Lafite-Rothschild. Today, Israeli winemaking takes place in five vine-growing regions: Galil (Galilee, including the Golan Heights), the region most suited for viticulture due to its high elevation, cool breezes, marked day and night temperature changes and rich, well-drained soils; the Judean Hills, surrounding the city of Jerusalem; Shimshon (Samson), located between the Judean Hills and the Coastal Plain; the Negev, a semi-arid desert region, where drip irrigation has made grape growing possible; and the Sharon plain near the Mediterranean coast and just south of Haifa, surrounding the towns of Zichron Ya'akov and Binyamina, which is the largest grape growing area in Israel.

Israeli radio

Israeli singers

Security forces in Israel (also known as Israel security establishment, Hebrew: מערכת הבטחון‎, Ma'arechet ha'Bitachon) include a variety of organizations, including law enforcement, military, paramilitary, governmental, and intelligence agencies.

The Israelite Tower (Hebrew: המגדל הישראלי‎) is an archaeological site in Jerusalem's Jewish Quarter. The site features remains of the city's Iron Age fortifications which were later incorporated into the Hasmonean city walls. It was excavated by Israeli archaeologist Nahman Avigad during the 1970s. Finds unearthed at the site attest to the Babylonian destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BCE.

Israel–Afghanistan relations

In June 2012, Israel,handed over the remains of 91 Palestinian suicide bombers and other militants, who died while carrying out attacks against Israeli targets, as part of a goodwill gesture to PA chairman Mahmoud Abbas to help revive the peace talks and reinstate direct negotiations between Israel and the Palestinians, although President Mahmoud Abbas did not indicate whether he was willing to return to talks. American Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said that there was an opportunity for negotiations and hoped that this move had enhanced it.

Israeli prime minister

Israel–Papua New Guinea relations are diplomatic and other relations between the State of Israel and Papua New Guinea. Israel and Papua New Guinea established diplomatic relations in 1978, about 3 years after Papua New Guinea was granted independence.

Israeli war of Independence

Israeli vegetable salad

Israel–Germany relations

Israeli settlement/Gaza Strip Israeli Population Statistics

Israella Kafui Mansu is a reputed young female entrepreneur in Ghana, Founder and CEO of Mansuki Ghana Ltd.

Israel–Egypt Peace Treaty

The Israeli–Palestinian conflict in Hebron refers to an ongoing conflict between Palestinians and Jewish settlers in the West Bank city of Hebron in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Hebron has a Palestinian majority, consisting of an estimated 208,750 citizens (2015) and a small Jewish minority, variously numbered between 500 and 800. The H1 sector of Hebron, home to around 170,000 Palestinians, is governed by the Palestinian Authority. H2, which was inhabited by around 30,000 Palestinians is under Israeli military control with an entire brigade in place to protect some 800 Jewish residents living in the old Jewish quarter. As of 2015, Israel has declared that special areas of Hebron's old Quarter constitute a closed military zone. Palestinians shops have been forced to clo

Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition (or Israel-PLO Recognition or Letters of Mutual Recognition) were a series of official letters of recognition between the government of Israel and its Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and the Palestine Liberation Organization's Chairman Yasser Arafat dated September 9, 1993. The letters set the stage for, and were in reality the "preamble" to, the Oslo Accords ("Declaration of Principles On Interim Self-Government Arrangements") of September 13, 1993.

Israel–Kenya relations are foreign relations between Israel and Kenya. The countries established diplomatic relations in December 1963. Israel has an embassy in Nairobi. Kenya has an embassy in Tel Aviv.

Israeli Whist is a four player card game. It is a variation of the classical Whist, that evolved among Israeli IDF soldiers in the nineteen eighties, and is still popular among soldiers and travelers. In Israel, it is simply known as "whist".

Israel–Kosovo relations

Israeli support for Iran during the Iran-Iraq war

Israeli occupied territories

Israeli settlement/West Bank Israeli Population Statistics

Israeli wines

Israelite Bay (33°36′36″S 123°52′34″E﻿ / ﻿33.61°S 123.876°E, postcode: 6452) is a bay and locality on the south coast of Western Australia – frequently mentioned in Bureau of Meteorology weather reports as a geographical marker although it does not have a climate record. Situated in the Shire of Esperance local government area, it lies east of Esperance, where the western end of the Great Australian Bight commences. It is part of Cape Arid National Park. It was the site of a significant telegraph station in the early 1900s. It was also a location serviced by the W.A. Government State Steamship Service South Coast Service in the early 1900s. The eastern island group of the Recherche Archipelago is near Israelite Bay.

Israeli officials

Israeli violations of Lebanese sovereignity

Israeli–Arab conflict in Hebron

Israeli presidential election, 1998

Israelite highland settlement

Israel–Peru relations are foreign relations between Israel and Peru. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1957. Israel has an embassy in Lima. Peru has an embassy in Tel Aviv.

The Pruta (Hebrew: פרוטה‎, plural: prutot) was a denomination of currency in Israel prior to 1960. The pruta was introduced shortly after the establishment of the state of Israel, as the 1000th part of the Israeli pound. It replaced the mil, which was the 1000th part of the Palestine pound, a currency issued by the British Mandate of Palestine prior to May 1948. The word pruta was borrowed from Mishnaic Hebrew, in which it meant "a coin of smaller value". This word was probably derived originally from an Aramaic word with the same meaning. The pruta was abolished in 1960, when the Israeli government decided to change the subdivision of the Israeli pound into 100 agorot. This move was necessary due to the constant devaluation of the Israeli pound, which rendered coins smaller than 10 prutot redundant. This pruta should not be confused with the halachic pruta, which is the minimal value of money for a variety of halachic applications—among them, the minimal value one is obligated to return if stolen, the minimal value needed to effect a marriage, and the minimal investment needed to be considered an investor (it is equivalent to 0.025 grams of pure silver).

Israeli presidential election, 1962

Israeli–Gaza conflict

Israeli zoological militancy conspiracy theories

Israeli retreat from the entire Gaza Strip

Israelis (Hebrew: ישראלים Yiśraʾelim, Arabic: الإسرائيليين‎ al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are the citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel, a multiethnic state populated by people of different ethnic backgrounds. The largest ethnic groups in Israel are Jews (75%), followed by Arabs (20%) and other minorities (5%). Among the Israeli Jewish population, hundreds of thousands of Jews born in Israel are descended from Ashkenazi Jew, Mizrahi Jews, Sephardi Jews and an array of groups from all the Jewish ethnic divisions, though over 50% of Israel’s Jewish population is of at least partial Mizrahi descent.

Israeli right-wing

This article examines Israeli views of the peace process that is ongoing concerning the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. There are a multitude of opinions and views of the peace process elicited at various points during Israel's history and by a variety of people. A popular understanding of the origins of the conflict from the Israeli point of view is that it began following the 1967 Six-Day War with Israel's occupation of the territories and consequently the peace process negotiations should stem from this. However, there are other understandings of the conflict and therefore the solution for peace, including some Israeli academics' and peace activists' understanding that a much longer history is involved, differing from the popular narrative often recited. Suggestions for how to achieve pea

Israeli paradox

Israeli sheqel

Israeli response in the 2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

Israelite people

Israeli settlement/Jewish Population Statistics

Israeli wars

The Israeli Ceremonial Protocol does not define an order of precedence. It does define, however, the group of officials that are to attend ceremonial events (Hebrew: Segel Aleph, סגל א'). This group consists of:

Israeli settlements are civilian communities inhabited by Israeli citizens, almost exclusively of Jewish ethnicity, built predominantly on lands within the Palestinian territories, which Israel has militarily occupied since the 1967 Six-Day War, and partly on lands considered Syrian territory also militarily occupied by Israel since the 1967 war. Such settlements within Palestinian territories currently exist in Area C of the West Bank and in East Jerusalem, and within Syrian territory in the Golan Heights.

Israel–Azerbaijan relations

Israel–Myanmar relations refer to the bilateral relations between Israel and Myanmar. The two nations established diplomatic ties in 1953. Israel has an embassy in Yangon, and Myanmar has an embassy in Tel Aviv. The Jewish state has a longtime friendship with Myanmar, which was among the first countries in Asia to recognize Israel's independence and establish diplomatic ties with the young state. There is a lot of cooperation between the two countries especially in the fields of agriculture and education.

Israels

Israel–Nigeria relations

Israel–Mexico relations

Israeli textbooks

The Israeli–Palestinian conflict in Hebron refers to an ongoing conflict between Palestinians and Jewish settlers in the West Bank city of Hebron in the context of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. Hebron has a Palestinian majority, consisting of an estimated 208,750 citizens (2015) and a small Jewish minority, variously numbered between 500 and 800. The H1 sector of Hebron, home to around 170,000 Palestinians, is governed by the Palestinian Authority. H2, which was inhabited by around 30,000 Palestinians is under Israeli military control with an entire brigade in place to protect some 800 Jewish residents living in the old Jewish quarter. As of 2015, Israel has declared that special areas of Hebron's old Quarter constitute a closed military zone. Palestinians shops have been forced to close; despite protests Palestinian women are reportedly frisked by men, and residents, who are subjected every day to repeated body searches, must register to obtain special permits to navigate through the 18 military checkpoints Israel has set up in the city center.

Israelites' High Priest

Israel–Jordan relations refers to the diplomatic, economic and cultural relations between Israel and Jordan. The two countries have had official diplomatic relations since the 1994 signing of the Israel–Jordan peace treaty. Recently, relations have been strained due to the conflict over the Al-Aqsa mosque.

Israeli public diplomacy

Israeli segregation Wall

Israeli soccer

Israel–Egypt barrier

Israelization (Hebrew: ישראליזציה‎; Other English spellings: Israelification or Israelisation) is a term in sociology, study of culture, and politics of Israel that refers to the processes occurring among minority groups in Israel. A process in which minority groups adopt, at various levels, the lifestyle, language, culture, political and other characteristics of the dominant group in Israel – Israeli-born secular Jews. The term is mostly used to describe the changes in the lifestyle and culture of the Arab citizens of Israel since Israel's creation. In this context, the term "Palestinization" is used to describe the opposite process – resistance from being overtaken by Israelisation proponents and strengthening political and cultural ties with Palestinians living beyond the Green Line. However, sociologist Majid Al-Haj suggests these are not contradictory processes, and that there is an emergence of two parallel identities among Arab citizens of Israel which he called "Politicization". The equivalent term in Arabic is "Asralah" (أسرلة) derived from the name of "Israel" in Arabic (إسرائيل - Aisraail). Israelization has been noted amongst the Druze community in Israel. One study noted a trend whereas the post-1950 Druze generation the younger the generation is, the likelier that there is a preference for Hebrew instead of Arabic with many younger Druze using social media having a near absence of Arabic usage amongst other Druze peers. The term "Israelization" is also used occasionally to describe the social and political changes in Haredi society in Israel, in particular to describe integration into the Israeli political system, their increasing use of the general media in the Hebrew language, integration into the Israeli labor market etc. In addition, it is sometimes used to describe the assimilation of Jewish immigrants to Israel (Aliyah) among the native-born Israelis and amongst the veterans Jewish immigrants.

Israeli shelling of Beit Hanoun

Israeli presidential election, 1973

Israelândia

Israelite-Aramean War

Israel–Lebanon conflict

Israel–Lebanon relations have never existed under normal economic or diplomatic conditions, but Lebanon was the first Arab league nation to signal a desire for an armistice treaty with Israel in 1949. Lebanon did not participate in the Six-Day War in 1967 nor the Yom Kippur War in 1973 in any significant way, and until the early 1970s Lebanon's border with Israel was the calmest frontier between Israel and any of the other adjacent Arab League states. Israeli law enforcement treats Lebanon as an "enemy state".

Israel–Australia relations

Israella Kafui Mansu

Israelis in the United Arab Emirates

Israeli sculpture

Israeli society

Israeli views of the peace process in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict

Israeli–Arab organ donations refers to organ donations in Israel in which the families of Jews and Arabs killed in the Israeli-Arab conflict donate organs to transplant patients on the "opposite side." Examples are Yoni Jesner, a 19-year-old student at Yeshivat Har Etzion in Gush Etzion, and Ahmed Khatib, a Palestinian boy shot by Israeli Defense Forces soldiers who mistook his toy gun for a real one. The generosity of families prepared to donate the organs of their loved ones under such circumstances has been praised. Their story was also made the subject of an award-winning BBC World Service program, Heart and Soul, in 2007.

Israelite Association of Venezuela

Israelis in the United Kingdom are citizens or residents of the United Kingdom who were originally from Israel or are of Israeli descent.

Israel–Nauru relations are diplomatic and other relations between the Israel and Nauru. Israel has a non-resident ambassador in Jerusalem and honorary consulate (Yaren), Nauru has an honorary consulate (Rosh HaAyin). In 2010 the President of Nauru, Marcus Stephen and Minister of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Nauru, Dr. Kieren Keke, along with Nauru's ambassador to the United Nations, Marlene Moses visited Israel, and at that meeting President Stephen expressed unqualified support for Israel. During the visit, the President, Marcus Stephen also planted a tree with Micronesian President, Emanuel Mori in honor of diplomatic relations. In early December 2017, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu donated $72,000 to Nauru's wastewater treatment plant. Two weeks later, Nauru voted against a United Nations General Assembly resolution which declared the status of Jerusalem as Israel's capital as "null and void".

Israelophobia

This is a timeline of the development of and controversy over Israeli settlements.

Israeli separation barrier

Israelnationalnews

Israeli palestinian conflict

Israeli terrorism

Israeli–Palestinian Comedy Tour was founded in November 2006 by Palestinian comedian and columnist Ray Hanania and Israeli comedian and online Podcaster Charley Warady. Arab-American Palestinian comedian and award-winning journalist Ray Hanania and his companions from the Israeli–Palestinian Comedy Tour operate under the slogan: "If we can laugh together, we can live together".

Israeli–Arab organ donations refers to organ donations in Israel in which the families of Jews and Arabs killed in the Israeli-Arab conflict donate organs to transplant patients on the "opposite side." Examples are Yoni Jesner, a 19-year-old student at Yeshivat Har Etzion in Gush Etzion, and Ahmed Khatib, a Palestinian boy shot by Israeli Defense Forces soldiers who mistook his toy gun for a real one. The generosity of families prepared to donate the organs of their loved ones under such circumstances has been praised. Their story was also made the subject of an award-winning BBC World Service program, Heart and Soul, in 2007. According to a 2004 study, "the rate of organ donations among Arabs and Jews in Israel is proportional to their representation in the general population," and the main reason for donating organs was altruism that cuts across the boundaries of religion and ethnic groups.

Israel–Kazakhstan relations

Israeli salad (Hebrew: סָלָט יְרָקוֹת יִשְׂרְאֵלִי‎, romanized: salat yerakot yisra'eli, "Israeli vegetable salad", also known as Arab salad) is a chopped salad of finely diced tomato, onion, cucumber, and bell or chili peppers. It has been described as the "most well-known national dish of Israel", and is a standard accompaniment to most Israeli meals. Salads following essentially the same recipe, with different names, are widespread and popular throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. It was adopted from local versions by Jewish immigrants to the Levant in the late 19th century.

Israel–Nigeria relations refers to the bilateral diplomatic, cultural and economic relations between Israel and Nigeria. The Nigerian ambassador to Israel is David Oladipo Obasa.

Israeli–Palestinian Joint Water Committee

Israeli poetry

Israelitischer Friedhof Unterer Friesenberg

Israeli settlements, Palestinians and human rights

Israeli presidential election, 1968

Israelvis

Israelian

Israelite Bay

Israeli presidential election, 2000

Israeli-North Korean relations are very hostile. North Korea does not recognise Israel, denouncing it as an "imperialist satellite". Since 1988 it recognises the sovereignty of the State of Palestine over all of Israel, except for the disputed region of the Golan Heights, which it recognises as part of Syria. Israel considers North Korea and its nuclear missile program as a major threat to global security. It has called for international action on the issue. At times, Israel has been the subject of fiery threats from North Korean state media.

Israel–Lebanon relations have never existed under normal economic or diplomatic conditions, but Lebanon was the first Arab league nation to signal a desire for an armistice treaty with Israel in 1949. Lebanon did not participate in the Six-Day War in 1967 nor the Yom Kippur War in 1973 in any significant way, and until the early 1970s Lebanon's border with Israel was the calmest frontier between Israel and any of the other adjacent Arab League states. Historically, both are Ottoman successor states. The two countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean and many other international organizations. Israeli law enforcement treats Lebanon as an "enemy state". Israeli citizens or any other person who holds any passport bearing stamps, visas, or seals issued by Israel are strictly prohibited from entry to Lebanon and may be subject to arrest or detention for further inspection. In 2008 A Pew Research Center survey found that negative views concerning Jews were most common in Lebanon, with 97% of Lebanese having unfavorable opinion of Jews. In a 2011 survey again by the Pew Research Center, on the Muslim-majority Middle Eastern countries polled held strongly negative views of Jews. In the questionnaire, only 3% of Lebanese reported having a positive view of Jews.

Israeli remembrance day

Israeli road signs

Israel–Nepal relations, established on 1 June 1960, are the relations between Israel and Nepal making Nepal one of the first Asian countries to have diplomatic ties with Israel. Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal from 1959 to 1960, had a strongly pro-Israel foreign policy. Various head of states, including king, head of government, ministers etc. have visited Israel and continued his foreign policy. Except for a brief 9 months period of Maoist government in Nepal, all other Nepalese government in general have had a strongly pro-Israel foreign policy. However, Nepal is not one of the nations that refrained from allowing Palestine an observer status unlike nations such as the United States, Australia, Canada, Israel, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Czech Republi

Israelis in the United Kingdom

Israelite God

Israeli separation wall

Israeli raid on Beit Hanoun (2004)

Israel–Gaza Strip barrier

Israeli wars and armed conflicts

Israeli settlement

Israelis in China, as compared to other foreign communities, are not large in number. There are at most a few hundred in each of a few major cities, and possibly more scattered around in other locations outside the major cities.

Israeli–Palestinian War

Israeli professional wrestling

Israeli–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian Civil War

Israeli war for independence

Israeli prime ministerial and legislative election, 1999

Israel–Kurdistan relations

Israelvis is a Norwegian rock band from Trondheim formed in 1988 by members of Angor Wat, a punk band that had just broke up.

Israeli presidential election, 2014

Israeli settler violence refers to acts of violence committed by Jewish Israeli settlers and their supporters against Palestinians and Israeli security forces, predominantly in the West Bank. Although the majority of settlers do not engage in violence, there has been a rise in violent acts by extremists against Palestinians, non-Jews, Israel Police, and IDF troops in the early twenty-first century. In 2007 Israeli prosecutors determined that of 515 criminal suits relating to violent activity committed by Israeli settlers against Palestinians and Israeli security forces, 502 were related to right-wing Jewish settlers in the Occupied Territories. In 2008, the senior Israeli commander in the West Bank said that a hard core of a few hundred activists were involved in violence against the Palestinians and Israeli soldiers. Some prominent Jewish religious figures living in the occupied territories, as well as Israeli government officials, have condemned and expressed outrage over such behavior, while religious justifications for settler killings have also been given. While Israeli media said the defense establishment began taking a harder line against unruly settlers starting in 2008, an EU heads of mission report found that settler violence had more than tripled in the three years up to 2011. United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) figures state that the annual rate of settler attacks (2,100 attacks in 8 years) has almost quadrupled between 2006 and 2014. Palestinian police are forbidden from reacting to acts of violence by Israeli settlers, a fact which diminishes their credibility among Palestinians. UN figures from 2011 showed that 90% of complaints filed against settlers by Palestinians with the Israeli police never led to indictment.

Israeli tilapia

Israel–Japan relations

Israeli song

Israels declaration of statehood

Israel–Nepal relations, established on 1 June 1960, are the relations between Israel and Nepal making Nepal one of the first Asian countries to have diplomatic ties with Israel. Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of Nepal from 1959 to 1960, had a strongly pro-Israel foreign policy. Various head of states, including king, head of government, ministers etc. have visited Israel and continued his foreign policy. Except for a brief 9 months period of Maoist government in Nepal, all other Nepalese government in general have had a strongly pro-Israel foreign policy. However, Nepal is not one of the nations that refrained from allowing Palestine an observer status unlike nations such as the United States, Australia, Canada, Israel, Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Palau, Panama, Czech Republic, and Nauru.

Israeli presidential election, 2007

Israeli troops

Israeli–Palestinian conflict summary

Israeli trance

The Israelite Central Consistory of France (French: Consistoire central israélite de France) is an institution set up by Napoleon I by the Imperial Decree of 17 March 1808 to administer Jewish worship and congregations in France. He also directed the establishment of regional Israelite Consistories, subordinate to the Central Consistory, across France. The consistories were ranked as établissements publics du culte (public-law corporations of cult). Given Napoleon's political emancipation of the Jews, he wanted a representative body that could deal with his government. Following the separation of religion and state in 1905, the Israelite consistories lost their public-law status. Jewish congregations of France developed Jewish liturgical associations under an umbrella organisation called the Union of Jewish Congregations of France (). It retained the name of Central Consistory for its executive body. The 12 members of the Central Consistory elect the Chief Rabbi of France. In the 21st century, France has the third-largest Jewish congregation after Israel and the United States.

Israeli separation barrier (disambiguation)

Israeli settlers

Israelite tribes

Israeli–Palestinian peace accord

Israeli soldier

Israelophobe

Israeli state

Israeli–Arab

Israel–Moldova relations

Israels Plads (literally Israel's Square) is a large public square in central Copenhagen, Denmark, located in the area between Nørreport station and The Lakes. Its north end is home to a covered food market while the south end is currently subject to a comprehensive redesign which will integrate it with the adjoining Ørsted Park.

The Israel–Philippines relations refers to the bilateral ties between the State of Israel and the Republic of the Philippines. Full diplomatic relations between the two countries were realized upon the signing of the Treaty of Friendship on February 26, 1958. The Israeli embassy in Manila and the Philippine embassy in Tel Aviv both opened in 1962.

Israel–Albania relations

Israel–Federated States of Micronesia relations

Israeli right-wing politics

Israelsson

Israeli salad (Hebrew: סָלָט יְרָקוֹת יִשְׂרְאֵלִי‎, romanized: salat yerakot yisra'eli, "Israeli vegetable salad", also known as Arab salad) is a chopped salad of finely diced tomato, onion, cucumber, and bell or chili peppers. It has been described as the "most well-known national dish of Israel", and is a standard accompaniment to most Israeli meals. Salads following essentially the same recipe, with different names, are widespread and popular throughout the Eastern Mediterranean. It was adopted from local versions by Jewish immigrants to the Levant in the late 19th century. The name Israeli Salad is used mainly outside of Israel. In Israel, it is commonly referred to as salat katzutz (Hebrew: סָלָט קָצוּץ‎, "chopped salad"), as well as salat aravi (Hebrew: סָלָט עֲרָבִי‎, "Arab salad"), or salat yerakot (Hebrew: סָלָט יְרָקוֹת‎, "vegetable salad"). Palestinians may call their traditional dish salatat al-bandura or salatat banadura ("tomato salad"), or salata na'meh.

Israeli police

Israel–New Zealand relations are the foreign relations between Israel and New Zealand.

Israeli soldiers

The Israeli paradox is a catchphrase, first used in 1996, to summarize the apparently paradoxical epidemiological observation that Israeli Jews have a relatively high incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD), despite having a diet relatively low in saturated fats, in apparent contradiction to the widely held belief that the high consumption of such fats is a risk factor for CHD. The paradox is that if the thesis linking saturated fats to CHD is valid, the Israelis ought to have a lower rate of CHD than comparable countries where the per capita consumption of such fats is higher.

Israeli tennis players

Israel–New Zealand relations

Israeli peace camp

Israeli sculpture designates sculpture produced in the Land of Israel from 1906, the year the "Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts" (today called the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design) was established. The process of crystallization of Israeli sculpture was influenced at every stage by international sculpture. In the early period of Israeli sculpture, most of its important sculptors were immigrants to the Land of Israel, and their art was a synthesis of the influence of European sculpture with the way in which the national artistic identity developed in the Land of Israel and later in the State of Israel. Efforts toward the development of a local style of sculpture began in the late 1930s, with the creation of "Caananite" sculpture, which combined influences from European sculpture with motifs taken from the East, and particularly from Mesopotamia. These motifs were formulated in national terms and strived to present the relationship between Zionism and the soil of the homeland. In spite of the aspirations of abstract sculpture, which blossomed in Israel in the middle of the 20th century under the influence of the "New Horizons" movement and attempted to present sculpture that spoke a universal language, their art included many elements of earlier "Caananite" sculpture. In the 1970s, many new elements found their way into Israeli art and sculpture, under the influence of international conceptual art. These techniques significantly changed the definition of sculpture. In addition, these techniques facilitated the expression of political and social protest, which up to this time had been downplayed in Israeli sculpture.

Israeli restaurants

Israel–Sierra Leone relations are the official and diplomatic relations between the State of Israel and the west African Republic of Sierra Leone. Both nations have friendly ties, established in 1961 when Sierra Leone gained independence. Israel has no embassy in Freetown, and is represented through its embassy in Senegal. Likewise, Sierra Leone does not maintain a diplomatic representation in Israel, and is instead represented by its consul of honor, Israeli media personality David Ben Basat. Israel aids Sierra Leone in many fields. Israel has even donated a dialysis machine to a hospital in Freetown, which serves the county's entire population of roughly 6 million. Sierra Leonean president Ernest Bai Koroma visited Israel in 2017 and met with Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu. Koroma praised the long lasting warm ties between the two nations, and invited Netanyahu to visit Sierra Leone. Sierra Leone abstained on the UN vote in 1975 which defined Zionism as racism. Later, in 1991, Sierra Leone supported a UN resolution that rescinded the former resolution from 1975.

Israeli wrestling

Israelis in Shanghai

Israeli submarine Dakar

Israel–Gaza war (2008–09)

Israeli prime ministerial election, 1996

Israeli politics

Israeli presidential election, 1957

Israelite

Israeli records in athletics

Israeli secret service

"Israelites" is a song written by Desmond Dekker and Leslie Kong that became a hit for Dekker's group, Desmond Dekker & The Aces, peaking in 1969. Although few could understand all the lyrics, the single was the first UK reggae number one and among the first to reach the US top ten (peaking at number 9). It combined the Rastafarian religion with rude boy concerns, to make what has been described as a "timeless masterpiece that knew no boundaries".

Israel–Papua New Guinea relations are diplomatic and other relations between the State of Israel and Papua New Guinea. Israel and Papua New Guinea established diplomatic relations in 1978, about 3 years after Papua New Guinea was granted independence. Israel's ambassador to Australia acts as non-resident ambassador to Papua New Guinea. While Papua New Guinea does not have an embassy in Israel, it has a consulate in Ramat HaSharon, with jurisdiction over the Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area. Since 2007, Ya'akov Weiss has been the Honorary Consul General of Papua New Guinea to Israel, and acts as the diplomatic representative of Papua New Guinea to Israel.

Israelite Moses

Israelim

Israel–India relations

Israel–Namibia relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Israel and Namibia. Governmental relations were established in 1994, four years after Namibia gained independence from South Africa. Israel's ambassador to Namibia, , resides in South Africa. While Namibia does not have an embassy in Israel, it has an honorary consul, Gil Dankner, based in Atlit, with jurisdiction over the Haifa region.

Israelis in China

Israel–Jordan Treaty of Peace

Israelite–Aramean War

Israeli settlement bypass road

Israeli–Kurdish relations

Israel–Iraq relations

Israel–Bangladesh relations

Israel–Bahrain relations

Israel–Argentina relations

Israeli security wall

Israel–Finland relations

Israeli sculpture designates sculpture produced in the Land of Israel from 1906, the year the "Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts" (today called the Bezalel Academy of Art and Design) was established. The process of crystallization of Israeli sculpture was influenced at every stage by international sculpture. In the early period of Israeli sculpture, most of its important sculptors were immigrants to the Land of Israel, and their art was a synthesis of the influence of European sculpture with the way in which the national artistic identity developed in the Land of Israel and later in the State of Israel.

Maldives-Israel relations refer to foreign relations between Israel and the Maldives. From 1978 to 2008 there were no official relations between two countries. On 25 September 2009, Maldives restored diplomatic relations with Israel, 15 years after suspending them. The first ambassador from Israel to Maldives was Abraham Darome.

Israelis

Israeli technology

The Israelite Central Consistory of France (French: Consistoire central israélite de France) is an institution set up by Napoleon I by the Imperial Decree of 17 March 1808 to administer Jewish worship and congregations in France. He also directed the establishment of regional Israelite Consistories, subordinate to the Central Consistory, across France. The consistories were ranked as établissements publics du culte (public-law corporations of cult). Given Napoleon's political emancipation of the Jews, he wanted a representative body that could deal with his government.

Israeli presidential election, 1978

The Raid on Beit Hanoun of 2004 or "Operation Forward Shield" was a 37 days long invasion and siege of Beit Hanoun in northern Gaza by the Israeli army, from 29 June to 5 August 2004. The stated goal was to prevent future rocket attacks from Gaza following the deaths of two residents of the Israeli town of Sderot on 28 June. 19 or 20 Palestinians were killed, including 6 children, and about 70 houses were destroyed.

Israeli support for Iran during the Iran–Iraq war

Israeli presidents

Israeli violations of Lebanese airspace

Israeli–Japanese relations

Israeli presidential election, 1949

Israelisation

Israel–Iran relations

Israel–Gaza barrier

Israel–Malawi relations

Israeli rap

Israeli–Palestinian Comedy Tour

Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015–present)

Israelis in Palestine

Israel–Kosovo relations refer to bilateral relations between Israel and the Republic of Kosovo. Although Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, Israel has not recognised sovereign Kosovo, but in 2015, gave indications that its stance could change in the future.

Israeli–Venezuelan relations

Israelis in Australia

Israeli prime-minister

Israel–Kenya relations

Israel–Lithuania relations are foreign relations between Israel and Lithuania. Israel recognized Lithuania's independence in 1991. Both countries established diplomatic relations in 1992. Israel is represented in Lithuania through its embassy in Vilnius. Lithuania has an embassy in Tel Aviv and two honorary consulates, in Herzliya and Ramat Gan. There are 2,600 Jews living in Lithuania. Both countries are full members of the Union for the Mediterranean.

Israeli–Arab conflict

Israeli views on the peace process

Israeli wars and armed conflict

Israeli racing drivers

Israel–Maldives relations

Israeli settler violence refers to acts of violence committed by Jewish Israeli settlers and their supporters against Palestinians and Israeli security forces, predominantly in the West Bank. Although the majority of settlers do not engage in violence, there has been a rise in violent acts by extremists against Palestinians, non-Jews, Israel Police, and IDF troops in the early twenty-first century. In 2007 Israeli prosecutors determined that of 515 criminal suits relating to violent activity committed by Israeli settlers against Palestinians and Israeli security forces, 502 were related to right-wing Jewish settlers in the Occupied Territories. In 2008, the senior Israeli commander in the West Bank said that a hard core of a few hundred activists were involved in violence against the Pales

Israel–Sierra Leone relations are the official and diplomatic relations between the State of Israel and the west African Republic of Sierra Leone. Both nations have friendly ties, established in 1961 when Sierra Leone gained independence. Israel has no embassy in Freetown, and is represented through its embassy in Senegal. Likewise, Sierra Leone does not maintain a diplomatic representation in Israel, and is instead represented by its consul of honor, Israeli media personality David Ben Basat.

Israeli surname

Israel–Gaza conflict

Israelis in India

Israeli unauthorized outpost

Israel–Oman relations

Israeli political violence

Israeli salad

Israeli–Lebanese Ceasefire Understanding

Israeli–American

Israelite Community of Tyrol and Vorarlberg

Israeli political parties

Israel–East Timor relations

Israel–Philippines relations

Israelitisches Familienblatt (literally: Israelite Family Paper; originally: Israelitisches Familienblatt für Hamburg, Altona und Wandsbek) was a rather impartial Jewish weekly newspaper, which directed at Jewish readers of all alignments. Max Lessmann and Leo Lessmann founded the Familienblatt, which was published by the printing- and publishing house Buchdruckerei und Verlagsanstalt Max Lessmann first in Hamburg (1898–1935), and then in Berlin (1935–1938). The editorial and printing offices were located in ABC-Straße 57 in Hamburg. The Hamburg agglomeration, consisting of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, the Danish-Holsteinian cities of Altona and Wandsbek as well as the Hanoverian city of Harburg upon Elbe, had been an important Jewish centre in Europe and in number - ca. 9,000 persons - the biggest in Germany. Only by the first third of the 19th century Berlin, Prussia's capital, overtook with Jews migrating from the former Polish provinces, which Prussia annexed in the Polish Partitions. Originally directed to readers in Hamburg's metropolitan area the Familienblatt gained more and more readers and spread nationwide in Germany. Israelitisches Familienblatt was prohibited to appear any further after the November Pogroms on November 9–10, 1938.

Israeli wine

Israelite Hebrew

Israeli prime ministerial election, 1999

The Israel−Gaza security barrier is a border barrier first constructed by Israel in 1994 between the Gaza Strip and Israel. The barrier runs along the entire land border of the Gaza Strip. Entry into the Gaza Strip by land is through five crossing points: the northern Erez Crossing into Israel, the southern Rafah Crossing into Egypt, the eastern Karni Crossing used only for cargo, and the other cargo crossing points, the Kerem Shalom Crossing on the border with Egypt and the Sufa Crossing farther north.

Israeli separation fence

Israelian Hebrew (or IH) is a proposed northern dialect of biblical Hebrew (BH). It is proposed as an explanation for various irregular linguistic features of the Masoretic Text (MT) of the Hebrew Bible. It competes with the alternative explanation that such features are Aramaisms, indicative either of late dates of composition, or of editorial emendations. Although IH is not a new proposal, it only started gaining ground as a challenge to older arguments to late dates for some biblical texts since about a decade before the turn of the 21st century: linguistic variation in the Hebrew Bible might be better explained by synchronic rather than diachronic linguistics, meaning various biblical texts could be significantly older than many 20th century scholars supposed.

Israel–Norway relations

Israeli old shekel

Israelite Bay, Western Australia

Israeli–Palestinian Comedy Tour was founded in November 2006 by Palestinian comedian and columnist Ray Hanania and Israeli comedian and online Podcaster Charley Warady. Arab-American Palestinian comedian and award-winning journalist Ray Hanania and his companions from the Israeli–Palestinian Comedy Tour operate under the slogan: "If we can laugh together, we can live together". Warady and Hanania grew up in the same Chicago neighborhood, Pill Hill/South Shore Valley in the 1960s. Warady discovered Hanania while exploring the internet for references to Pill Hill and found Hanania's online book "Midnight Flight: The Story of White Flight in Chicagoland" (2000, Online, www.hanania.com). When Warady contacted Hanania and identified himself as an Israeli comedian, Hanania challenged Warady to appear on the same comedy stage with a Palestinian comedian to challenge the animosity enveloping both their peoples. Warady and Hanania arranged the first-ever Palestinian-Israeli comedy tour in the world, with four shows in Israel and one show in East Jerusalem in January 2007. The shows were internationally acclaimed and the duo organized a second tour of Israel and the Palestinian territories in June 2007. The comedians are joined by Aaron Freeman, a veteran of Second City in Chicago and an African American convert to Judaism, and by Yisrael Campbell, a Hasidic Jewish convert from Catholicism.

Israeli settlements are civilian communities inhabited by Israeli citizens, almost exclusively of Jewish ethnicity, built predominantly on lands within the Palestinian territories, which Israel has militarily occupied since the 1967 Six-Day War, and partly on lands considered Syrian territory also militarily occupied by Israel since the 1967 war. Such settlements within Palestinian territories currently exist in Area C of the West Bank and in East Jerusalem, and within Syrian territory in the Golan Heights. Following the 1967 war, Israeli settlements also existed within Egyptian territory in the Sinai Peninsula, and within the Palestinian territory of the Gaza Strip; however, Israel evacuated the Sinai settlements following the 1979 Egypt–Israel peace agreement and from the Gaza Strip in 2005 under Israel's unilateral disengagement plan. Israel dismantled 18 settlements in the Sinai Peninsula in 1982, while in 2005 all 21 settlements in the Gaza Strip were dismantled, along with four in the West Bank. In the West Bank, however, Israel continues to expand its remaining settlements as well as settling new areas, despite pressure from the international community to desist. According to the Israeli investigative reporter Uri Blau, settlements received funding by private tax-exempt U.S. NGOs of $220 million for 2009–2013, suggesting that the U.S. is indirectly subsidizing their creation. The international community considers the settlements in occupied territory to be illegal, and the United Nations has repeatedly upheld the view that Israel's construction of settlements constitutes a violation of the Fourth Geneva Convention. The Israeli-occupied area known as East Jerusalem and the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights are also considered settlements by the international community, though Israel has applied its civil law to both territories and does not consider its developments there to be settlements. The International Court of Justice also says these purportedly annexed settlements are illegal in a 2004 advisory opinion. In April 2012, UN secretary general Ban Ki-Moon, in response to moves by Israel to legalise Israeli outposts, reiterated that all settlement activity is illegal, and "runs contrary to Israel's obligations under the Road Map and repeated Quartet calls for the parties to refrain from provocations." Similar criticism was advanced by the EU and the US. Israel disputes the position of the international community and the legal arguments that were used to declare the settlements illegal. In December 2016 United Nations Security Council Resolution 2334 confirmed the illegality of the settlement enterprise and renders Israeli citizens involved with settling the West Bank vulnerable to lawsuits throughout the world. The presence and ongoing expansion of existing settlements by Israel and the construction of settlement outposts is frequently criticized as an obstacle to the Israeli–Palestinian peace process by the Palestinians, and third parties such as the OIC, the United Nations, Russia, the United Kingdom, France, the European Union, and the United States have echoed those criticisms.

Israel–Gaza border

Israeli views of the peace process in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Israeli security barrier

Israeli women

Israeli targeted killings

Israelian Hebrew
Israelian Hebrew (or IH) is a proposed northern dialect of biblical Hebrew (BH). It is proposed as an explanation for various irregular linguistic features of the Masoretic Text (MT) of the Hebrew Bible. It competes with the alternative explanation that such features are Aramaisms, indicative either of late dates of composition, or of editorial emendations. Although IH is not a new proposal, it only started gaining ground as a challenge to older arguments to late dates for some biblical texts since about a decade before the turn of the 21st century: linguistic variation in the Hebrew Bible might be better explained by synchronic rather than diachronic linguistics, meaning various biblical texts could be significantly older than many 20th century scholars supposed. What constitutes linguistic irregularity in the MT is not in dispute, nor is the affinity of many these features to aspects of Aramaic. What distinguishes the theories is a historical question of language contact. It is known that the southern kingdom of ancient Israel, Judah (from which name the Jewish people are known), suffered a defeat at the hands of the Aramaic speaking Babylonians,which involved deportation according to standard Babylonian practice. This language contact is recognised by all scholars, as are the resultant Aramaisms in Late Biblical Hebrew (LBH). What the IH proposal explains, which LBH does not, is the Aramaisms (and other features) that appear in texts that many scholars would consider antedated the period of exile in Babylon. The two theories are thus not incompatible, which is why they co-existed throughout the 20th century. However, the more recent work does pose a challenge to the traditional dating of some specific texts in the Bible, the Song of Songs in particular.

Israel–Nauru relations

Israeli textbook controversy

Israel–Sierra Leone relations

Israeli whist

Israeli outposts

Israelite People

Israeli–Palestinian Conflict

Israelite Union

Israelite invasion of Canaan

Israeli targeted strikes against Palestinian fighting groups

Israel–Latvia relations

Israeli prisoner exchanges

Israelite period

The Israeli pound (Hebrew: לירה ישראלית Lira Yisr'elit, Arabic: جنيه إسرائيلي‎ Junayh Isra'eeli) or Israeli lira was the currency of the State of Israel from 9 June 1952 until 23 February 1980, when it was replaced with the shekel on 24 February 1980, which was again replaced with the New Shekel in 1985. Until 1952, the name used on the notes of the Anglo-Palestine Bank was Palestine pound, in Hebrew לירה א"י (lira E.Y. i.e. lira Eretz-Yisraelit). In Arabic, the name was given as junayh filisţīnī (جنيه فلسطيني). On 1 May 1951, all the assets and liabilities of the Anglo Palestine Bank were transferred to a new company called Bank Leumi Le-Yisrael (Israel National Bank) and the currency name became: lira yisraelit (לירה ישראלית) in Hebrew, junayh isrāīlī in Arabic, and Israel pound in English. The new currency was issued in 1952, and entered circulation on June 9. From 1955, after the Bank of Israel was established and took over the duty of issuing banknotes, only the Hebrew name was used, along with the symbol "I£".

Israel–Nepal relations

Israeli presidential election, 1993

Israeli–Palestinian conflict (2015–16)

Israeli settlements

Israeli president

Israelite Tower

Israelitischer Friedhof Oberer Friesenberg

The Israeli pound (Hebrew: לירה ישראלית Lira Yisr'elit, Arabic: جنيه إسرائيلي‎ Junayh Isra'eeli) or Israeli lira was the currency of the State of Israel from 9 June 1952 until 23 February 1980, when it was replaced with the shekel on 24 February 1980, which was again replaced with the New Shekel in 1985. Until 1952, the name used on the notes of the Anglo-Palestine Bank was Palestine pound, in Hebrew לירה א"י (lira E.Y. i.e. lira Eretz-Yisraelit). In Arabic, the name was given as junayh filisţīnī (جنيه فلسطيني).

Israel–Angola relations

Israel–Cameroon relations

Israelification

Israel–Palestinian peace process

Israeli presidency

Israelitisches Familienblatt (literally: Israelite Family Paper; originally: Israelitisches Familienblatt für Hamburg, Altona und Wandsbek) was a rather impartial Jewish weekly newspaper, which directed at Jewish readers of all alignments. Max Lessmann and Leo Lessmann founded the Familienblatt, which was published by the printing- and publishing house Buchdruckerei und Verlagsanstalt Max Lessmann first in Hamburg (1898–1935), and then in Berlin (1935–1938). The editorial and printing offices were located in ABC-Straße 57 in Hamburg. The Hamburg agglomeration, consisting of the Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg, the Danish-Holsteinian cities of Altona and Wandsbek as well as the Hanoverian city of Harburg upon Elbe, had been an important Jewish centre in Europe and in number - ca. 9,000 p

Israeli order of precedence

Israeli transfer of Palestinian militant bodies (2012)

Israeli settlement timeline

Israeli–Japanese relations (In Hebrew יחסי ישראל יפן in Japanese 日イスラエル関係) began on May 15, 1952, when Japan recognized Israel and an Israeli legation opened in Tokyo. In 1954 Japan's ambassador to Turkey assumed the additional role of minister to Israel. In 1955 a Japanese legation with a Minister Plenipotentiary opened in Tel Aviv. In 1963, relations were upgraded to Embassy level, and have remained on that level since then. Japan's trade relations with Arab League members and most Muslim-majority countries have taken a precedence over those with Israel. However, due to the declining price of oil in early 2015, as well as internal political shifting in Japan, the two nations are seeking increased research, economic and cultural ties, particularly in the area of tech start-ups and defense

Israeli parliamentary election, 2019

Israel–France relations

The Israeli Ceremonial Protocol does not define an order of precedence. It does define, however, the group of officials that are to attend ceremonial events (Hebrew: Segel Aleph, סגל א'). This group consists of: 1.
* The President of Israel (נשיא מדינת ישראל) 2.
* The Prime Minister of Israel (ראש ממשלת ישראל) 3.
* The Speaker of the Knesset (יו"ר הכנסת) 4.
* The President of the Supreme Court of Israel (נשיא בית המשפט העליון) 5.
* The Chief Rabbis (הרבנים הראשיים לישראל) 6.
* Former Presidents of Israel (נשיאי המדינה בעבר) 7.
* Ministers of the Government 8.
* The Leader of the Opposition (יו"ר האופוזיציה) 9.
* Head of the Coalition (ראש הקואליציה) 10.
* Justices of the Supreme Court of Israel (שופטי בית המשפט העליון) 11.
* The Attorney General of Israel (היועץ המשפטי לממשלה) 12.
* The State Comptroller (מבקר המדינה) 13.
* The Governor of the Bank of Israel (נגיד בנק ישראל) 14.
* Chairman of the World Zionist Organization (יו" הנהלת ההסתדרות הציונית העולמית) 15.
* Chairman of the Jewish Agency for Israel (יו"ר הסוכנות היהודית לארץ ישראל) 16.
* The Dean of the Diplomatic Corps (זקן הסגל הדיפלומטי) 17.
* The Chief of Staff of the Israeli Defense Forces (הרמטכ"ל) 18.
* The Police Commissioner (מפכ"ל המשטרה) 19.
* Members of the Knesset (חברי הכנסת) 20.
* Commander of the Prison Service, Commissioner of the Fire and Rescue Commission 21.
* Former Prime Ministers, Speakers of Knesset, Chief Rabbis, Presidents of the Supreme court and widows of former Presidents 22.
* Heads of Diplomatic Missions 23.
* Representatives of the minority communities in Israel – Christians, Muslims, Druze, and Circassians 24.
* Mayor of Jerusalem

Israelite highland settlement refers to ancient Israelite settlement in the highlands north of Jerusalem discovered in archaeological field surveys conducted in Israel since the 1970s. These surveys found a large increase in the settled population dating to 1200 BCE. It is not known whether the Israelites arrived in the wake of conquests or the new villages were established by former nomads or displaced persons. A similar increase was not found in the surrounding lowland areas. According to archaeological evidence, these areas may have been inhabited by Canaanites or Sea People. A 2005 book by Robert D. Miller applies statistical modeling to the sizes and locations of the villages, grouping them by economic and political features. He found highland groupings centered on Dothan, Tirzah, Shechem, and Shiloh. The tribal territory of Benjamin was not organized around any main town. This evidence does not prove there was a conquest as described in the Book of Joshua, but if the biblical reference to "daughter villages" means all villages closest to a specific town, the list of Canaanite towns not taken in the Book of Judges (Judges 1:27-35), which begins: "Nor did Manesseh drive out Bet Shean and her daughter-villages ...", the correspondence to the survey results is remarkably accurate. Towns not captured in the central zone were Taanach, Ibleam, Meggido, Dor, Gezer, Aijalon, Shaalbim, and Jerusalem.

Israeli resuce services

Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip

Israeli settler

Israeli wall

Israeli security establishment

Israeli–Turkish relations

Israelite Diaspora

Israelites (song)

Israeli overflights of Lebanese territory

Israeli settlements and international law

Israeli settler violence

Israeli shekel

Israeli rock

Israeli settlements, Palestinians, and human rights

Israeli settlement (disambiguation)

Israel–Palestine conflict

Israelis (Hebrew: ישראלים Yiśraʾelim, Arabic: الإسرائيليين‎ al-ʾIsrāʾīliyyin) are the citizens or permanent residents of the State of Israel, a multiethnic state populated by people of different ethnic backgrounds. The largest ethnic groups in Israel are Jews (75%), followed by Arabs (20%) and other minorities (5%). Among the Israeli Jewish population, hundreds of thousands of Jews born in Israel are descended from Ashkenazi Jew, Mizrahi Jews, Sephardi Jews and an array of groups from all the Jewish ethnic divisions, though over 50% of Israel’s Jewish population is of at least partial Mizrahi descent. Large-scale Jewish immigration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries from Jewish diaspora communities in Europe and the Middle East and more recent large-scale immigration from North Africa, Western Asia, North America, South America, the former Soviet Union and Ethiopia introduced many new cultural elements and have had profound impact on the Israeli culture. Israelis and people of Israeli descent live across the world: in the United States, Russia (with Moscow housing the single largest community outside Israel), India, Canada, the United Kingdom, throughout Europe, and elsewhere. Almost 10% of the general population of Israel is estimated to be living abroad.