Fiscal General de Guatemala

Firuzi (Persian: فيروزي‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzī; also known as Firuzi Korbal and Fīrūzī-ye Korbāl) is a village in Band-e Amir Rural District, Zarqan District, Shiraz County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 112, in 32 families.

Firuzi (Persian: فيروزي‎, also Romanized as Fīrūz̄ī and Fīrūzī) is a village in Bidak Rural District, in the Central District of Abadeh County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 225, spread over 78 families.

Fisantekraal Airfield is an ex-South African Air Force airfield built circa 1943, and used to operate Lockheed Ventura bombers. It is located approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northeast of Durbanville It has been in private ownership since 1993. The ICAO reference code for Fisantekraal is FAFK.Fisantekraal Airfield serves as a general flying airfield, and is a favourite for flight training in the Cape Town area.

Fiscally liberal

Fiscal easing

Fis phenomenon

Firuzan, Fars

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased income and hence increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted "economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed—from 2010 to 2012—by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.

Fisarmonica

Firuzi (Persian: فیروزی‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzī; also known as Fīrūzī-ye Sar Tom) is a village in Shahidabad Rural District, Mashhad-e Morghab District, Khorrambid County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 69, in 13 families.

Firuzbahram

Firuzi (Persian: فيروزي‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzī) is a village in Bagh Safa Rural District, Sarchehan District, Bavanat County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 54, in 13 families.

Fiscal Capacity

Fis

The Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OFILAC) is an initiative of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, especially by the Division for Economic Development, to contribute to improving fiscal policy through the dissemination of studies and debate. Financial support is provided by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID). Other partners of the Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean are: GIZ, AECID, European Commission, IMF, IADB, OECD, CIAT, and others. OFILAC provides a platform for the analysis, discussion and follow-up of fiscal policy in Latin America and supports debating of fiscal subjects among fiscal authorities, international organizations and other experts in the subject.

Fisch, Richard

دهستان فيروزبهرام

Fiscal drag happens when the government's net fiscal position (spending minus taxation) fails to cover the net savings desires of the private economy, also called the private economy's spending gap (earnings minus spending and private investment). The resulting lack of aggregate demand leads to deflationary pressure, or drag, on the economy, essentially due to lack of state spending or to excess taxation.One cause of fiscal drag may be bracket creep, where progressive taxation increases automatically as taxpayers move into higher tax brackets due to inflation. This tends to moderate inflation, and can be characterized as an automatic stabilizer to the economy. Fiscal drag can also be a result of a hawkish stance towards government finances.

Firuzkuh Industrial Centre (Persian: منطقه صنعتي فيروزكوه‎ – Manṭaqeh-ye Sanʿatī-ye Fīrūzḵūh) is a company town and village in Shahrabad Rural District, in the Central District of Firuzkuh County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 75, in 27 families.

Fiscaglia is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Ferrara in the Italian region Emilia-Romagna, located about 60 kilometres (37 mi) northeast of Bologna and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) east of Ferrara. It was founded on 1 January 2014 from former municipalities of Massa Fiscaglia, Migliarino and Migliaro.

Fiscal

Firuzi (Persian: فيروزي‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzī; also known as Firoozi Marvdasht and Fīrūzī-ye Marvdasht) is a village in Kenareh Rural District, in the Central District of Marvdasht County, Fars Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 2,639, in 699 families.

Fiscal space is the flexibility of a government in its spending choices, and, more generally, to the financial well-being of a government. Peter Heller (2005) defined it “as room in a government’s budget that allows it to provide resources for a desired purpose without jeopardizing the sustainability of its financial position or the stability of the economy.” There are different exact definitions for the term, and different metrics on how to measure it.

Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003

Fiscal conservative

Fiscal Fitness was The Pritish Nandy Business Show, India's first weekly business show, on Zee TV telecasted in the year 1991.

Fis phenomenon is a phenomenon of child language acquisition that demonstrates that perception of phonemes occurs earlier than the ability of the child to produce those phonemes. It is also illustrative of a larger theme in child language acquisition: that skills in linguistic comprehension generally precede corresponding skills in linguistic production.The name comes from an incident reported in 1960 by J. Berko and R. Brown. A child referred to his inflatable plastic fish as a fis. However, when adults asked him, "Is this your fis?" he rejected the statement. When he was asked, "Is this your fish?" he responded, "Yes, my fis." This shows that although the child could not produce the phoneme /ʃ/, he could perceive it as being different from the phoneme /s/. In some cases, the sounds produced by the child are actually acoustically different, but not significantly enough for others to distinguish since the language in question does not make such contrasts.

Fiscal Drag

Fisa warrant

Fiscal is a parish in Amares Municipality in the Braga District in Portugal. The population in 2011 was 718, in an area of 3.90 km².Fiscal is the birthplace of Portuguese singer António Ribeiro, mostly known as António Variações. Being homaged with a bust located in his birthplace of Fiscal and the name of a street in the city of Amares.

Firuzi, Razavi Khorasan

Firuzkooh

Fiscal (disambiguation)

Firuzi

Firuzeh Rural District

Fiscal sustainability, or public finance sustainability, is the ability of a government to sustain its current spending, tax and other policies in the long run without threatening government solvency or defaulting on some of its liabilities or promised expenditures. There is no consensus among economists on a precise operational definition for fiscal sustainability, rather different studies use their own, often similar, definitions. Many countries and research institutes have published reports which assess the sustainability of fiscal policies based on long-run projections of country's public finances (see for example, and ). These assessments attempt to determine whether an adjustment to current fiscal policies that is required to reconcile projected revenues with projected expenditures. The size of the required adjustment is given with measures such as the Fiscal gap.

Fisantekraal Airport

FiscalNote, Inc.

شهرستان فیروزه

Fiscal system

Fiscal multiplier

Fiscella, Andrew

A fiscal adjustment is a reduction in the government primary budget deficit, and it can result from a reduction in government expenditures, an increase in tax revenues, or both simultaneously.There is no a clear consensus about the definition of fiscal adjustment, but it is commonly understood as a process, instead of as a status: governments run fiscal deficits, fiscal surpluses or balanced budgets, and the process from a budget deficit to a sustained period of balanced budget is a fiscal adjustment.There are two significant features in any fiscal adjustment: the duration of the process, usually measured in years, that defines the intensity of the effort; and the composition of the adjustment, measured as the proportion of the adjustment obtained from expenditure cuts compared to the proportion gained from tax increases.

Fiscalization of cash registers

Fiscal drag happens when the government's net fiscal position (spending minus taxation) fails to cover the net savings desires of the private economy, also called the private economy's spending gap (earnings minus spending and private investment).

Fiscal Information Agency

Global Initiative for Fiscal Transparency

Fischa River

Fisch.

FiscalNote is a privately held software, data, and media company headquartered in Washington DC. The company was founded by Timothy Hwang in 2013, with the help of Gerald Yao and Jonathan Chen.. FiscalNote provides software tools and platforms, data services, and news to companies and organizations through the FiscalNote Government Relationship Management (GRM) service, its core revenue-generating product.According to Entrepreneur Magazine, the GRM "aggregates legislation, regulations and government filings from thousands of federal, state and local agencies, uses artificial intelligence to structure it and normalize it, and delivers personalized data feeds to companies to show how government may be impacting their businesses." It is primarily used by Congressional offices, law firms, trade associations, lobbyists, corporations, embassies, federal contractors, and public affairs professionals. . It now covers over 40 countries around the world and hopes to reach all 200 by 2019.

Fiscal Times

Fiscaglia

Fiscal agent

The Fiscal Information Agency (FIA; Chinese: 財政部財政資訊中心; pinyin: Cáizhèngbù Cáizhèng Zīxùn Zhōngxīn) is the agency of the Ministry of Finance of the Taiwan (ROC).

Firuzjah Rural District

The Fiscal Responsibility Act 2010 (c.3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that received Royal Assent on 10 February 2010. The Act was repealed by section 10(c) of the Budget Responsibility and National Audit Act 2011 on 23 March 2011.It was first presented (first reading) in the House of Commons on 10 December 2009 and received its third reading on 20 January 2010. It was first read in the House of Lords on 21 January 2010 and received its second and third readings on 10 February 2010.

The Firzovik Detachment of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Firzovik Müfrezesi) was one of the Detachments under the command of the Ottoman Vardar Army of the Western Army. It was formed in Firzovik (present day: Uroševac) area during the First Balkan War.

The Fiscal Responsibility Act 2010 (c.3) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that received Royal Assent on 10 February 2010. The Act was repealed by section 10(c) of the Budget Responsibility and National Audit Act 2011 on 23 March 2011.It was first presented (first reading) in the House of Commons on 10 December 2009 and received its third reading on 20 January 2010.

Fisaru

Fiscal Federalism Network

Fiscal issues

Fiscal policies

Fiscal (Amares)

Fiscal equalisation

Fiscal Parish

Fiscennia carmina

Firuzanids

Fiscalization

Fiscal Policy in the United States

Firuzeh, Kermanshah

A fiscal agent, fiscal sponsor, or financial agent is a proxy that manages fiscal matters on behalf of another party. A fiscal agent may assist in the redemption of bonds or coupons at maturity, disbursing dividends, and handling tax issues. For example, the United States Federal Reserve is the fiscal agent of the federal government of the United States.

Fiscal Policy

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2007 (H.R. 500) was introduced to the United States Congress by Rep. Nathan Deal of Georgia's 9th congressional district on January 16, 2007.The bill, which has eight co-sponsors, was referred to the House Administration Committee and the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. The bill's purpose is to give members of Congress a personal financial incentive to prevent the federal government from running budget deficits. H.R. 500 is endorsed by the American Conservative Union and Downsize DC.The bill would cut the pay of members of Congress every year the federal government runs a budget deficit. An exception is made for spending that the Director of the Congressional Budget Office determines is directly related to a military conflict lasting over 30 days or in response to a terrorist attack on the United States.The bill, if passed, would take effect no earlier than the 2008 fiscal year. If the federal government is determined by the Director of the Congressional Budget Office to have run a deficit in 2008, then the pay of members of Congress will be docked in 2009. Any cost-of-living adjustments they might have received will be nullified, and Representatives and Senators will take a 5% cut from their 2008 pay rates. If the federal government runs a deficit the following year, in 2009, then members will receive a 10% cut from their 2008 pay rates, and will continue to receive a 10% cut for each succeeding, consecutive year the federal government runs a deficit. If, following one or more years in which Members' pay is reduced under the Fiscal Responsibility Act, there occurs a fiscal year in which there is no deficit, then salaries for Members shall be restored to what they were before reductions took place, plus any cost-of-living adjustments they would have received.

Fisantekraal Airfield

Fiscal Shrike (disambiguation)

Fiscal Responsibility Act (disambiguation)

Fiscal space is the flexibility of a government in its spending choices, and, more generally, to the financial well-being of a government. Peter Heller (2005) defined it “as room in a government’s budget that allows it to provide resources for a desired purpose without jeopardizing the sustainability of its financial position or the stability of the economy.” There are different exact definitions for the term, and different metrics on how to measure it. The most influential definitions of the term come from international institutions, e.g., the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, the United Nations agencies, e.g., United Nations Development Program, World Health Organization and UNICEF, and the aid organizations, e.g. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.The crucial point of debate is in how resources that define the 'fiscal space' should be viewed and thus calculated. In particular, unlike the IMF-World Bank, the UN agencies advocates defining it in relation to the extent to which a government can mobilize resources to a means to combat poverty and achieve the Millennium Development Goals.The term featured during campaigning ahead of the 2016 Irish general election.Moody's Analytics provides monthly estimates of the fiscal space of many countries. They define it as the difference between an estimated upper limit of public debt (beyond which action would have to be taken to avoid default) and actual public debt, expressed as a percentage of GDP or equivalently as the difference between the debt-limit-to-GDP percentage and the actual-debt-to-GDP percentage.

Fiscal Responsability

Fiscal horsepower

Fiscal burden of government

Fiscal capacity is the ability of the state to extract revenues to provide public goods and carry out other functions of the state, given an administrative, fiscal accounting structure. In economics and political science, fiscal capacity may be referred to as tax capacity, extractive capacity or the power to tax, as taxes are a main source of public revenues. Nonetheless, though tax revenue is essential to fiscal capacity, taxes may not be the government's only source of revenue. Other sources of revenue include foreign aid and natural resources.In addition to the amount of public revenue the state extracts, fiscal capacity is the state's investment in "state structures—including monitoring, administration, and compliance through such things as training tax inspectors and running the revenue service efficiently". When investment in these administrative or bureaucratic fiscal structures are specific to the state's power to extract resources, fiscal capacity is moreover related to a larger concept of state capacity. Finally, given that public goods funded by fiscal capacity include infrastructure development, health, education, military and social insurance, a state's fiscal capacity is essential to its economic growth, development, and state-building.

Fisa

Fiscal compact treaty

A fiscal fine (formally a fixed penalty conditional offer) is a form of deferred prosecution agreement in Scotland issued by a procurator fiscal for certain summary offences as an alternative to prosecution.

The Firuzanids (Perozanids) were an Iranian princely family of Daylamite origin which ruled Shukur, and at their greatest extent ruled all of Tabaristan.

Firuzabad Rural District

فیروزی

Fiscal centrism

Firuzabad Pain

Fiscal radicalism

Fiscal localism

Fiscal Policy of the Philippines

Fis (disambiguation)

Fiscal flycatcher

Fiscal progressivism

The Fiscal and Customs Police (Spanish: Policia Fiscal y Aduanera, POLFA) is a unit of the Colombian National Police under the command of its Operative Directorate. This unit is in charge of investigating large finance frauds and usually supports the National Directorate of Taxes and Customs (Spanish: Dirección de Impuestos y Aduanas Nacionales, DIAN).The POLFA was created by Law 633, article 53 in the year 2000 to work under the orders and structure of the DIAN to support fiscal processes and control, as well as operations involving tax evasion, money exchange piracy and contraband in Colombia. It also provides vigilance and security at ports where international importing and exporting take place in Colombia, as well as warehouses where illegally introduced products are sometimes stored.

Fiscal policy in the United States

The Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2007 (H.R. 500) was introduced to the United States Congress by Rep. Nathan Deal of Georgia's 9th congressional district on January 16, 2007.The bill, which has eight co-sponsors, was referred to the House Administration Committee and the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee. The bill's purpose is to give members of Congress a personal financial incentive to prevent the federal government from running budget deficits. H.R.

Firuzeh (Persian: فيروزه‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzeh; also known as Tolombeh-ye Fīrūzeh) is a village in Sharifabad Rural District, in the Central District of Sirjan County, Kerman Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 305, in 79 families.

Firuzkuh County

Fiscal autonomy for Scotland

Fiscal year closing

The fiscal gap is a measure of a government's total indebtedness proposed by economists Laurence Kotlikoff and Alan Auerbach, who define it as the difference between the present value of all of government's projected financial obligations, including future expenditures, including servicing outstanding official federal debt, and the present value of all projected future tax and other receipts, including income accruing from the government's current ownership of financial assets. According to Kotlikoff and Auerbach, the "fiscal gap" accounting method can be used to calculate the percentage of necessary tax increases or spending reductions needed to close the fiscal gap in the long-run.Generational accounting, an accounting method closely related to the fiscal gap, has been proposed by the same authors as a measure of the future burden of closing the fiscal gap. The "generational accounting" assumes that current taxpayers are neither asked to pay more in taxes nor receive less in transfer payments than current policy suggests and that successive younger generations' lifetime tax payments net of transfer payments received rise in proportion to their labor earnings.According to Kotlikoff and Auerbach, "fiscal gap accounting" and "generational accounting" reports have been done for roughly 40 developed and developing countries either by their treasury departments, finance ministries, or central banks, or by the IMF, the World Bank, or other international agencies, or by academics and think tanks.

Firuzjah Rural District (Persian: دهستان فيروزجاه‎) (به محلي پريجا ) is a rural district (dehestan) in Bandpey-ye Sharqi District, Babol County, Mazandaran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 3,201, in 861 families. The rural district has 61 villages.

Firuzeh

Fiscal conservatism in Canada

Fiscal amnesty

Fiscal Studies

Firyazan

Firuzkuh Industrial Centre

Firuzbahram Rural District (Persian: دهستان فيروزبهرام‎) is a rural district (dehestan) in Chahardangeh District, Eslamshahr County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 10,882, in 2,780 families. The rural district has 5 villages.

Fiscal Responsibility Act

Fiscal waterboarding

Fiscal Procurator

Firuzbahram Rural District

The fiscal imbalance in Australia is the disparity between the revenue generation ability of the three levels of governments in Australia relative to their spending obligations; but in Australia the term is commonly used to refer more specifically to the vertical fiscal imbalance, the discrepancy between the federal government's extensive capacity to raise revenue and the responsibility of the States to provide most public services, such as physical infrastructure, health care, education etc., despite having only limited capacity to raise their own revenue. In Australia, vertical fiscal imbalance is addressed by the transfer of funds as grants from the federal government to the State and territory.

Fiscal crisis

Fiscal localism comprises institutions of localized monetary exchange. Sometimes considered a backlash against global capitalism or economic globalization, fiscal localism affords voluntary, market structures that help communities trade more efficiently within their communities and regions.

Fisaga

Fiscal transparency

Fiscal cliff (United States)

Fiscal and Customs Police

فيروزيان

In Polynesian mythology, Fisaga is the god of the light, gentle breeze. He is the only wind god that Maui did not take control of.

Firuzeh County (Persian: شهرستان فیروزه‎) is a county in Razavi Khorasan Province in Iran. The capital of the county is Firuzeh. It was known as That-e Jolgeh previously. It was separated from Nishapur County in April 2010. At the 2006 census, its population was 49,823, in 12,581 families. The county has two districts: Central District and Taghenkoh District. The county has two cities: Firuzeh and Hemmatabad.

Fiscal pedaling (from Brazilian Portuguese pedalada fiscal, or simply pedaladas) is a governmental creative accounting technique involving the use of state-owned banks to front funds required for paying general government obligations without officially declaring a loan, thus hiding these transfers from public scrutiny and delaying repayment from the Treasury to these banks. As such it is a kind of "overdraft" implying a positive balance sheet that does not really exist.

Fiscalist view

Firyal Al-Adhamy (born 1950 in Baghdad, Iraq) is a Bahrain-based British Iraqi artist.Born in Baghdad, she graduated from the University of Baghdad.Firyal’s latest collection “Postcards from Mesopotamia” is inspired by her reaction to the tragic looting of the museum of Baghdad in 2003.She has participated in many joint exhibitions, both in London and in the Persian Gulf.

Fiscal Equalization

Fiscal stamp

Fiscal Fitness

Firuzi, Marvdasht

Fisch

Fiscal plan

Fiscal imbalance is a mismatch in the revenue powers and expenditure responsibilities of a government.In the literature on fiscal federalism, two types of fiscal imbalances are measured: Vertical Fiscal Imbalance and Horizontal Fiscal Imbalance. When the fiscal imbalance is measured between the two levels of government (Center and States or Provinces) it is called Vertical Fiscal Imbalance. When the fiscal imbalance is measured between the governments at the same level it is called Horizontal Fiscal imbalance. This imbalance is also known as regional disparity.While Horizontal Fiscal Imbalance requires equalization transfers, Vertical Fiscal Imbalance is a structural issue and thus needs to be corrected by reassignment of revenue and expenditure responsibilities between the two senior order of the governments.

Fis.com

Fiscalini Field

The Fiscal and Customs Police (Spanish: Policia Fiscal y Aduanera, POLFA) is a unit of the Colombian National Police under the command of its Operative Directorate.

Fisc. Stud.

Fiscal is a municipality in the province of Huesca, Sobrarbe comarca, Aragon, Spain. As of 2010, it had a population of 317 inhabitants.

Fiscal imbalance in Nigeria

Firzan

Under the Merovingians and Carolingians, the fisc (from Latin fiscus, whence we derive "fiscal") applied to the royal demesne which paid taxes, entirely in kind, from which the royal household was meant to be supported, though it rarely was. Though their personal territory was at first enormous, the Merovingian kings, faced with stiff resistance to taxation from their Frankish and Gallo-Roman subjects and ill-served by their illiterate peers, relied on constant conquests to renew the fisc which they were in the habit of granting away to ensure continued fidelity among their followers. Once fresh Frankish conquests were no longer forthcoming, constant redivision of the "fisc" among heirs reduced Merovingian kingship to a cluster of competitive kinglets subsisting on inadequate resources. Annual contributions in kind, of grain, produce, fodder, etc., were unwieldy to transport and not easily convertible, so the restless habit of Merovingian kings moving from stronghold to stronghold was constantly encouraged. As time passed, "fisc" began to refer to money any Frankish knight had direct control over and would carry with him. Eventually, "fisc" referred to any knight's money holder.Nowadays, "fisc" is still used in French and in Romanian as a slang referring to the fiscal administration.

Fir’im

Firuzbahram (Persian: فيروزبهرام‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzbahrām and Fīrūz Bahrām) is a village in Firuzbahram Rural District, Chahardangeh District, Eslamshahr County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 1,841, in 487 families.

Fiscal committee

Fisalamine

Fiscally conservative

Firzovik Detachment

Fiscal sustainability

The fiscal flycatcher (Melaenornis silens) is a small passerine bird in the Old World flycatcher family. It is a resident breeder in Botswana, South Africa, Lesotho, Mozambique and Swaziland, and a vagrant to Namibia.This species is found in subtropical open woodland, dry savanna, shrubland and suburban gardens.

Fiscal General de la República de Guatemala

Fiscal policy of the United States

Fisamox

Fisc Stud

Fiscal law about cash registers

Firvale

فيروزي

Fiscal federalism for Scotland

Fiscal Environmentalism is a hybrid term of two traditional and often conflicting philosophies, environmentalism and fiscal conservatism, created to emphasize the growing understanding of the middle ground between the two, where the goals of each are simultaneously fulfilled. The result is a business practice based upon principles of intelligent environmental design and financial discipline, associated with each.

Firuzi, Abadeh

Fiscal integration

Fiscal Responsibility Act 2010

Firwood is an unincorporated community located in Klickitat, Washington, Washington, United States. The community was settled in the early 1900s and was primarily an agricultural growing region.

Fiscal gap

Fiscalism is a term sometimes used to refer the economic theory that the government should rely on fiscal policy as the main instrument of macroeconomic policy. Fiscalism in this sense is contrasted with monetarism, which is associated with reliance on monetary policy.

Fiscal imbalance in canada

Fiscal incidence is a concept within public finance, a sub-discipline within economics, that refers to the combined overall economic impact of both government taxation and expenditures on the real economic income of individuals.While taxation reduces the economic well-being of individuals, government expenditures raise their economic well-being. Fiscal incidence is the term for the overall impact of government taxing and spending considered together.

Fisch (surname)

Fiscal Officer

Fiscal neutrality

Fiscal drag

Firuzeh (Persian: فيروزه‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzeh) is a village in Dowlatabad Rural District, in the Central District of Ravansar County, Kermanshah Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 284, in 60 families.

Fiscal stimulus package

Fiscal effects of immigration

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2007

Firuzian

Fiscal Gap

Fiscal, Huesca

Fiscal autonomy

Fiscal Illusion

Fiscal cash register

Firuzeh (Persian: فيروزه‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzeh; formerly, Bozghan (Persian: بزغان‎), also Romanized as Bozghān and Barghān) is a city and capital of Firuzeh County, in Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,906, in 1,288 families. Firuzeh means "turquoise" in Persian.

Fiscal socialism

فيروزيه

Firſt

Fisahara

Firuzkuh County (Persian: شهرستان فیروزکوه‎) is a county (shahrestan) in Tehran Province of Iran. It has an area of 2,386 km2. The administrative centre of the county is the city of Firuzkuh. At the 2011 census, the county's population was 38,712, but the provisional results of the 2016 showed a decline to 33,558. The county is subdivided into two districts: the Central District and Arjomand District. The county has two cities: Firuzkuh and Arjomand.

Fiscal Compact treaty

Fiscal transparency refers to the publication of information on how governments raise, spend, and manage public resources. More specifically, it means publication of high quality information on how governments raise taxes, borrow, spend, invest, and manage public assets and liabilities.Fiscal transparency includes public reporting on the past, present, and future state of public finances. Fiscal policies have critical impacts on economic, social and environmental outcomes in all countries at all levels of development.Fiscal transparency is sometimes used synonymously with budget transparency. However, fiscal transparency is in principle wider than budget transparency. It includes all public assets, liabilities, and contingent obligations, as well as revenues and expenditures authorised in an annual budget i.e. it includes all stocks as well as flows, whereas stocks often do not feature in budget documents (aside from debt).Fiscal transparency includes fiscal activities undertaken outside the budget sector but within the government sector e.g. by autonomous government agencies or extra-budgetary funds that may not be reported as part of the budget sector.Fiscal transparency also includes ‘quasi-fiscal activities’ undertaken outside the government sector by public corporations, the central bank, or (sometimes) by private corporations i.e. activities that are fiscal in character but that are not financed by government but by the corporations themselves, such as subsidised lending or subsidised service delivery by public corporations, or construction of public infrastructure by companies developing natural resources (Reference: Background Paper prepared for the Open Government Partnership-GIFT Fiscal Openness Working Group).

Fiscal Conservatism

Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act

Firuzan

FiscalNote is a privately held software, data, and media company headquartered in Washington DC. The company was founded by Timothy Hwang in 2013, with the help of Gerald Yao and Jonathan Chen..

Fiscal deficit

Fiscal policy of the united states

Fiscal year end

Fiscal policy in the united states

Firuzeh Rural District (Persian: دهستان فيروزه‎) is a rural district (dehestan) in the Central District of Firuzeh County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 9,292, in 2,322 families. The rural district has 28 villages.

Fiscal space

Fiscal Federalism in Scotland

Fiscal welfare

Fiscalia

Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean

Fiscal imbalance in Australia

Firuzmand

Firuzeh County

Fiscal Year

Fis Nua

Under the Merovingians and Carolingians, the fisc (from Latin fiscus, whence we derive "fiscal") applied to the royal demesne which paid taxes, entirely in kind, from which the royal household was meant to be supported, though it rarely was.

دهستان فيروزآباد

Fiscal policy of the Philippines

Fiscal libertarianism

Fiscal Court

Fiscal Union

Firuzeh (disambiguation)

Fiscal sustainability, or public finance sustainability, is the ability of a government to sustain its current spending, tax and other policies in the long run without threatening government solvency or defaulting on some of its liabilities or promised expenditures. There is no consensus among economists on a precise operational definition for fiscal sustainability, rather different studies use their own, often similar, definitions.

Fiscardo

The fiscal gap is a measure of a government's total indebtedness proposed by economists Laurence Kotlikoff and Alan Auerbach, who define it as the difference between the present value of all of government's projected financial obligations, including future expenditures, including servicing outstanding official federal debt, and the present value of all projected future tax and other receipts, including income accruing from the government's current ownership of financial assets.

Fiscal federalism

Fiscal cancel

Fiscal policy refers to the "measures employed by governments to stabilize the economy, specifically by manipulating the levels and allocations of taxes and government expenditures.

فيروزه

Fisa request

Firuzabad tower

Fiscal management

According to statute, the Fiscal Assistant Secretary is appointed by the United States Secretary of the Treasury. The Fiscal Assistant Secretary is the highest ranking career official in the Department of the Treasury.

This article is for the community in British Columbia, Canada. For the school in England, see Fir Vale School.Firvale is a community in the Bella Coola Valley of the Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada, located at the confluence of Burnt Bridge Creek and the Bella Coola River, northeast of the valley's main community of Bella Coola.

The Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OFILAC) is an initiative of the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean, especially by the Division for Economic Development, to contribute to improving fiscal policy through the dissemination of studies and debate. Financial support is provided by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation and Development (AECID).

Firuzi (Persian: فيروزي‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzī) is a village in Fazl Rural District, in the Central District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 31, in 10 families.

fis is the E. coli gene encoding FIS protein. The regulation of this gene is more complex than most other genes in the E. coli genome, as FIS is an important protein which regulates expression of other genes. It is supposed that fis is regulated by H-NS, IHF (protein) and CRP. It also regulates its own expression (autoregulation). Fis is one of the most abundant DNA binding proteins in Escherichia coli under nutrient-rich growth conditions.

Fischach (Buhler)

Fis (protein)

Firuziyeh (Persian: فيروزيه‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzīyeh; also known as Kalāteh-ye Fīrūzīyeh) is a village in Daman Kuh Rural District, in the Central District of Esfarayen County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 138, in 34 families.

Fiscal Especial Independiente

Fiscal sponsorship refers to the practice of non-profit organizations offering their legal and tax-exempt status to groups—typically projects—engaged in activities related to the sponsoring organization's mission. It typically involves a fee-based contractual arrangement between a project and an established non-profit.

Fiscal policy is considered any changes the government makes to the national budget in order to influence a nation's economy. The approach to economic policy in the United States was rather laissez-faire until the Great Depression. The government tried to stay away from economic matters as much as possible and hoped that a balanced budget would be maintained. Prior to the Great Depression, the economy did have economic downturns and some were quite severe. However, the economy tended to self-correct so the laissez faire approach to the economy tended to work.President Franklin D. Roosevelt first instituted fiscal policies in the United States in The New Deal. The first experiments did not prove to be very effective, but that was in part because the Great Depression had already lowered the expectations of business so drastically.

Firuzeh, North Khorasan

Firuzi-ye Sar Tom

Firuzian (Persian: فيروزيان‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzīān; also known as Farīzbān and Ferīzīān) is a village in Beradust Rural District, Sumay-ye Beradust District, Urmia County, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 452, in 77 families.

Fisakapatnam district

Fiscal Flycatcher

Fiscal compact Treaty

Fiscal equalization

Fiscal stimulus

Fiscal Assistant Secretary

Fiscal sponsorship

Fiscal burden

فيروزبهرام

Fiscal union is the integration of the fiscal policy of nations or states. Under fiscal union decisions about the collection and expenditure of taxes are taken by common institutions, shared by the participating governments.

Fiscal-military state

Fiscal transparency refers to the publication of information on how governments raise, spend, and manage public resources. More specifically, it means publication of high quality information on how governments raise taxes, borrow, spend, invest, and manage public assets and liabilities.Fiscal transparency includes public reporting on the past, present, and future state of public finances.

Fiscal fraud

Firuznok

Fiscal memory device

Fiscal Responsibility

Firuziyeh

Fiscal discipline

Fiscal quarter

Fiscalini Field is a stadium in San Bernardino, California, USA. Over the years, the stadium was the spring training homes of the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Browns and was the home field for the San Bernardino Stars and the San Bernardino Pioneers. Today, Fiscalini Field is used for NCAA Division II college baseball games hosted by California State University, San Bernardino. Community college baseball games featuring San Bernardino Valley College are also played there plus San Bernardino Youth Baseball Pony league the rest of the year.

Fiscal illusion

Fiscal policy is considered any changes the government makes to the national budget in order to influence a nation's economy. The approach to economic policy in the United States was rather laissez-faire until the Great Depression. The government tried to stay away from economic matters as much as possible and hoped that a balanced budget would be maintained. Prior to the Great Depression, the economy did have economic downturns and some were quite severe.

Fiscale Hogeschool Brussel

Fiscal Compact

Fiscal pedaling

Fiscal Equalisation

Fiscal shrike (disambiguation)

Fiscal imbalance in nigeria

Fiscal surplus

Firuzkuh

Firuzabadi

Fiscal Conservatism(Free Market Conservatism)

Fiscal Guard

As a subfield of public economics, fiscal federalism is concerned with "understanding which functions and instruments are best centralized and which are best placed in the sphere of decentralized levels of government" (Oates, 1999). In other words, it is the study of how competencies (expenditure side) and fiscal instruments (revenue side) are allocated across different (vertical) layers of the administration.

Fiscal Assistant Secretary of the Treasury

Firuzan, Isfahan

Firuzeh, Dargaz

Fiscalia General de la Nacion

Firuzi, Bavanat

Fiscalini Field is a stadium in San Bernardino, California, USA. Over the years, the stadium was the spring training homes of the Pittsburgh Pirates and St. Louis Browns and was the home field for the San Bernardino Stars and the San Bernardino Pioneers. Today, Fiscalini Field is used for NCAA Division II college baseball games hosted by California State University, San Bernardino.

Fiscal Quarter

Firuzabad Pass

Fiscal Philatelic Society

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it.

Fiscal memory devices are electronic devices used for control of a country's tax revenues. Currently they are widely used in many countries around the world, including Russia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Poland, Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Ethiopia. Fiscal memory devices have following categories:electronic cash registers, fiscal cash registersprinters, fiscal printersE-Signs, Electronic signature devicesboth of which contain fiscal memory. and Electronic Journal (EJ), Fiscal memory itself is a kind of memory that is certified by appropriate government body. This Encrypted module is usually in the form of an IC on the Electronic circuit. Electronic journal, is a kind of encrypted memory module which is readable using the fiscal device (ETR,FP). These memory modules are the normal SD and MicroSD cards but in an encrypted format which can not be read like normal formats on a personal computer. Once this Electronic Journal is initialized in a fiscal device, it is assigned a fiscal serial number so as to assure it is not reused in another fiscal device.

Fiscal military state

The Fiscal Court, under the Kentucky Constitution of 1891, is the name given to the county legislature and governing body of each of the counties in Kentucky. Despite the name, it no longer has any responsibility for judicial proceedings.

According to statute, the Fiscal Assistant Secretary is appointed by the United States Secretary of the Treasury. The Fiscal Assistant Secretary is the highest ranking career official in the Department of the Treasury. The Fiscal Service, which the Fiscal Assistant Secretary heads, includes the Bureau of Government Financial Operations (which since 1984 has been known as the Financial Management Service and the Bureau of the Public Debt.The Fiscal Assistant Secretary is responsible for the following principal functions:(1) Provides general supervision, policy oversight, management, and coordination of what is now the Bureau of the Fiscal Service.(2) Oversees the development of policies, programs, and systems for the collection, disbursement, management and security of public monies in the United States and in foreign countries and the related governmentwide accounting and reporting for such funds.(3) Oversees the development of policies, programs, and systems for financing and accounting for the public debt.(4) Provides general supervision and policy oversight of the Department's role as lead agency in improving cash management, credit administration, debt collection and financial management systems on a governmentwide basis.(5) Provides policy advice and general oversight regarding international cash management activities and improvements, including agreements to purchase foreign currencies and the holding and disbursement of these funds.(6) Ensures the timely consolidation and publication of information on the Federal Government's financial operations and financial position for use by decision-makers in the Government and in private sector financial markets.(7) Directs the implementation of security enhancements to ensure the authentication and integrity of data affecting electronic funds transfers.(8) Oversees the administration and investment of the Federal Government accounts and trust funds.(9) Oversees the management of the Treasury's daily cash position and the investment of excess operating cash balances.(10) Provides estimates of the Treasury's future cash and debt position for use by the Department in connection with its financing activities and other financial operations.(11) Provides direction and oversight of the performance of fiscal agency functions by the Federal Reserve banks as fiscal agents of the Treasury.(12) Approves new and revised principles and standards and system designs for Treasury's fiscal accounting systems operated and maintained by the Financial Management Service and Bureau of the Public Debt, and coordinates efforts to review, improve and report such systems in accordance with Section 4 of the Federal Managers' Financial Integrity Act, Pub. L. 97-255 (31 U.S.C. 3512(d)(2)(B)).(13) Approves, in accordance with applicable Treasury directives, regulations pertaining to the Government securities market and participates in the development of policy issues affecting the liquidity, integrity and efficiency of the market.(14) Provides policy advice to the Assistant Secretary (International Affairs) regarding terms and conditions of agreements for borrowing from foreign international monetary authorities.(15) Represents the Secretary in directing the Treasury's participation in the Joint Financial Management Improvement Program for improvement of all aspects of financial management in the Government.(16) Represents the Secretary on various interdepartmental commissions, boards, and committees.

Fiscally

Fiscal austerity

In philately a fiscal cancel is a cancellation on a stamp that indicates that the stamp has been used for fiscal (taxation) purposes.The stamp may either be a revenue stamp, intended purely for fiscal use, or it may be a stamp valid for either postal or fiscal use.

Firuzeh, Zalu Ab

فيروزان

Firwood Fold

Firwood is an unincorporated community in Clackamas County, Oregon, United States. It is located about 3 miles southeast of Sandy just off U.S. Route 26. The junction of U.S. 26 and Firwood Road is known as Shortys Corner.Firwood is a descriptive name for the Douglas and true firs in the area. Firwood post office was established in 1895 and closed in 1906. Today Firwood has a Sandy mailing address. Firwood Elementary School is part of the Oregon Trail School District.

Fiscal paradise

Firuzi-ye Marvdasht

Firuzanid

منطقه صنعتي فيروزكوه

Fiscal Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. The journal was established in 1979 and aims to bridge the gap between academic research and policy. The contents of the journal reflect a broad interpretation of “fiscal studies”, with articles tending to use applied microeconomics to consider how policies affect individuals, families, businesses and governments' finances.

Firuzehabad

Fiscal shrike

Fiscal cliff

Fiscal Cliff

Firuzeh, Kerman

In economics, the fiscal burden of government imposed onto its taxpayers is the influence of the tax levied on the purchasing power of the taxpayers.We need to differentiate tax burden and fiscal burden.

Fiscara language

Fiscal independence

Fisc (disambiguation)

The Fiscal Philatelic Society (11 January 1902–1928) was an early twentieth-century British philatelic society that is seen as a predecessor to today's The Revenue Society. The principal object of the society was the study of fiscal stamps, or, as they are more usually called today, revenue stamps.

Fisantekraal Airfield is an ex-South African Air Force airfield built circa 1943, and used to operate Lockheed Ventura bombers. It is located approximately 13 kilometres (8.1 mi) northeast of Durbanville It has been in private ownership since 1993. The ICAO reference code for Fisantekraal is FAFK.Fisantekraal Airfield serves as a general flying airfield, and is a favourite for flight training in the Cape Town area. Most of the fixed wing and helicopter schools, and Air Mercy Services' Pilatus PC-12 from Cape Town International (FACT) and Morningstar airfield (Morningstar Flight Academy) also visit Fisantekraal for circuit and emergency training. Private and company aircraft sometimes pick up or drop passengers at Fisantekraal.The largest aircraft to have landed at FAFK was as of the 22nd of August 2017 a Lockheed C-130 Hercules, Call sign 5X-UCF, made several landings. Quite a few advertisements and movies have also been filmed on location at FAFK.

Fiscal pedaling (from Brazilian Portuguese pedalada fiscal, or simply pedaladas) is a governmental creative accounting technique involving the use of state-owned banks to front funds required for paying general government obligations without officially declaring a loan, thus hiding these transfers from public scrutiny and delaying repayment from the Treasury to these banks. As such it is a kind of "overdraft" implying a positive balance sheet that does not really exist. Sometimes the term fiscal backpedaling is used.The term gained popularity with the Brazilian Presidential election of 2014, in which President Rousseff was reelected. She was later accused of fiscal pedaling during the campaign, for allowing this delay in repayment to government-owned banks by the Tesouro Nacional (Brazilian Treasury) which is also the entity which oversees these banks. Her opponents argued that this amounted to undeclared loans by these banks to the Treasury, which is prohibited by the Brazilian Constitution and a violation of the Fiscal Responsibility Law. This led to the impeachment of Dilma Rousseff beginning in 2015 on multiple charges including fiscal pedaling, and her subsequent removal from office a year later..One possible motivation for fiscal pedaling is political advantage, in that it permits a government to conceal the true extent of its fiscal obligations during a political campaign. President Rousseff's government was accused of using these accounting techniques during the bitterly fought campaign of 2014, with the funding thus obtained allegedly used to support programs for the poor, credits to farmers, and subsidies for low-income housing. Supporters claimed this was standard practice in Brazil and had been engaged in by previous Presidents, and that the opposition to her was purely political.

Fiscal capacity

Fiscal Observatory of Latin America and the Caribbean (OFILAC)

Firēdūn

Firwood, Washington

دهستان فيروزه

Firuzeh (Persian: فيروزه‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzeh) is a village in Shahrestaneh Rural District, Now Khandan District, Dargaz County, Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 171, in 51 families.

Firyal of Jordan

Fiscal imbalance in Canada

Firuzabad Rural District (Persian: دهستان فيروزآباد‎) is a rural district (dehestan) in Firuzabad District, Selseleh County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 11,503, in 2,390 families. The rural district has 42 villages.

Fiscal court

Fiscal calendar

The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) is an Act of the Parliament of India to institutionalize financial discipline, reduce India's fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget and strengthen fiscal prudence.

Fiscal Shrike

Firuzi Korbal

Fiscal liberalism

Fiscalism

Fiscal imbalance (French, déséquilibre fiscal) is the term used in Canada to describe a monetary imbalance between the Canadian federal government and the provincial governments.According to the fiscal imbalance theory, the federal government achieved an important surplus by cutting its contributions towards provinces, leaving provinces with responsibilities much too expensive for their resources.

Fiscal capacity is the ability of the state to extract revenues to provide public goods and carry out other functions of the state, given an administrative, fiscal accounting structure. In economics and political science, fiscal capacity may be referred to as tax capacity, extractive capacity or the power to tax, as taxes are a main source of public revenues. Nonetheless, though tax revenue is essential to fiscal capacity, taxes may not be the government's only source of revenue.

Firuzeh (Persian: فيروزه‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzeh) is a village in Aladagh Rural District, in the Central District of Bojnord County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 393, in 99 families.

Fiscal memory devices are electronic devices used for control of a country's tax revenues. Currently they are widely used in many countries around the world, including Russia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Romania, Republic of Macedonia, Albania, Poland, Moldova, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kazakhstan, Armenia, Georgia, Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi and Ethiopia.

Fiscal conservatives

شهرستان فیروزکوه

Fiscal imbalance is a mismatch in the revenue powers and expenditure responsibilities of a government.In the literature on fiscal federalism, two types of fiscal imbalances are measured: Vertical Fiscal Imbalance and Horizontal Fiscal Imbalance. When the fiscal imbalance is measured between the two levels of government (Center and States or Provinces) it is called Vertical Fiscal Imbalance.

Firuzkuh (Persian: فيروزكوه‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzkūh and Fīrūz Kūh; Tabarian: Pirezcow; also known as Qaşabeh-ye Fīrūz Kūh) is a city and capital of Firuzkuh County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 17,453.It is located north-east of Tehran, in the middle of Alborz Mountains. Previously, it was part of Mazandaran Province.The city has a relatively cool and windy climate.

Fiscal expansion

Fiscalization is a term referring to fiscal law designed to avoid retailer fraud. Fiscal law about cash registers has been introduced in countries to control the grey economy by enforcing all mandatory transaction reporting to the authorities. According to fiscal law, an appropriate fiscal receipt has to be printed and given to the customer.

Fiscal compact

Fiscal cliff debate

Fiscal conservatism in the United States

Fiscal provisions in the EU

A fiscal fine (formally a fixed penalty conditional offer) is a form of deferred prosecution agreement in Scotland issued by a procurator fiscal for certain summary offences as an alternative to prosecution. Alternatives to prosecution are called direct measures in Scotland.Fiscal fines can vary between £50 and £300, but a compensation offer may be issued either separately or additionally with similar effect but with payment going to the victim of crime: these can be of any amount not exceeding £5,000. Whilst not being recorded as a conviction or formal admission of guilt, the payment of a fiscal fine can be revealed in certain circumstances, including a requirement by the General Medical Council for disclosure. The power to issue fiscal fines is conferred by section 302 of the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995 as amended by section 50 of the Criminal Proceedings etc. (Reform) (Scotland) Act 2007.

Fis phenomenon is a phenomenon of child language acquisition that demonstrates that perception of phonemes occurs earlier than the ability of the child to produce those phonemes. It is also illustrative of a larger theme in child language acquisition: that skills in linguistic comprehension generally precede corresponding skills in linguistic production.The name comes from an incident reported in 1960 by J. Berko and R. Brown. A child referred to his inflatable plastic fish as a fis.

The Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003 (FRBMA) is an Act of the Parliament of India to institutionalize financial discipline, reduce India's fiscal deficit, improve macroeconomic management and the overall management of the public funds by moving towards a balanced budget and strengthen fiscal prudence. The main purpose was to eliminate revenue deficit of the country (building revenue surplus thereafter) and bring down the fiscal deficit to a manageable 3% of the GDP by March 2008. However, due to the 2007 international financial crisis, the deadlines for the implementation of the targets in the act was initially postponed and subsequently suspended in 2009. In 2011, given the process of ongoing recovery, Economic Advisory Council publicly advised the Government of India to reconsider reinstating the provisions of the FRBMA. N. K. Singh is currently the Chairman of the review committee for Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management Act, 2003, under the Ministry of Finance (India), Government of India.

Firuzan (Persian: فيروزان‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzān) is a city and capital of Khezel District, in Nahavand County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 4,054, in 1,069 families.

Fiscal fine

فيروزكوه

Fiscal adjustment

Fiscal imbalance (French, déséquilibre fiscal) is the term used in Canada to describe a monetary imbalance between the Canadian federal government and the provincial governments.According to the fiscal imbalance theory, the federal government achieved an important surplus by cutting its contributions towards provinces, leaving provinces with responsibilities much too expensive for their resources. The theory was further developed in the "Seguin Report", commissioned by former Parti Québécois (PQ) Premier of Quebec Bernard Landry, and completed under former Liberal Quebec Minister of Finance Yves Séguin. The federal government, run by the Liberal Party of Canada until January 2006, denied that this imbalance exists, arguing, in part, that both the federal and provincial governments have access to the same major sources of revenue and that both orders of government face significant spending pressures and limited resources. However, the Conservative Party of Canada recognizes the imbalance. Following their victory in the 2006 federal election in January, they intended a solution be found during their mandate.A similar situation arose during the Great Depression in the 1920s when the new welfare state severely burdened the provinces, but the federal government continued to run surpluses. This resulted in the 1937-1941 Rowell-Sirois Commission, whose most important result was the removal of restrictions on how provinces could raise money, and the transfer of the expensive Unemployment Insurance program from the provinces to the federal government.In the past few years, the major issue of fiscal imbalance has been identified by all parties of the National Assembly of Quebec. The Parti libéral du Québec (PLQ) proposes to work with the federal government to solve the problem by increasing federal transfers to Quebec. Yves Séguin, of the PLQ, proposes transferring control of the Goods and Services Tax (GST), a value-added tax, from the federal government to the Quebec government. The PQ holds that independence for Quebec will solve the imbalance, with all powers to impose taxes being once again the jurisdiction of the Quebec government. The PQ proposes to uphold efforts to convince the federal government to give money back to Quebec until then.All major federal parties but the Liberals recognize a monetary imbalance between the federal government and the provinces, and speak of plans to reduce such. The Bloc Québécois, a sovereigntist party at the federal level, is the strongest denouncer of the situation. Prime Minister Paul Martin and his federal Liberals prefer to speak of a fiscal "pressure" on provinces, not admitting directly to the responsibility of the Canadian government. In accepting an amendment to the Throne Speech after the 2004 federal election, the federal Liberals officially acknowledged the reality of the situation.Federal Liberals assert that it is impossible for a true fiscal imbalance to exist, as the provincial governments have access to all the same sources of revenue as the federal government. The problem is not structural, as it was in earlier years, but political. The provincial governments are unwilling to risk their popularity by raising taxes, insisting instead the extra money come from the federal government. The federal Liberals partially blame the situation on the tax cuts introduced by many of the provincial governments.The potential solution advocated by most of the provincial premiers is that the transfer payments from the federal government to the provinces be substantially increased. This has been occurring gradually as the federal government has regularly been increasing its transfer for health care spending. The Bloc Québécois supports Yves Séguin's suggestion that the GST be given to the provinces. Gordon Campbell, the former premier of British Columbia, has proposed that the federal government take over from the provinces the responsibility for programs that provide pharmaceutical products to low-income people, the elderly and people with disabilities.

Fisag River

The fiscal imbalance in Australia is the disparity between the revenue generation ability of the three levels of governments in Australia relative to their spending obligations; but in Australia the term is commonly used to refer more specifically to the vertical fiscal imbalance, the discrepancy between the federal government's extensive capacity to raise revenue and the responsibility of the States to provide most public services, such as physical infrastructure, health care, education etc., despite having only limited capacity to raise their own revenue.

Fiscal, Aragon

دهستان فيروزجاه يا پريجا

Firuzi, Khorrambid

Fiscal environmentalism

Fiscal Studies is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal published by Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Institute for Fiscal Studies. The journal was established in 1979 and aims to bridge the gap between academic research and policy. The contents of the journal reflect a broad interpretation of “fiscal studies”, with articles tending to use applied microeconomics to consider how policies affect individuals, families, businesses and governments' finances. Published papers cover a broad range of topical issues. Recent examples include public finances since the recession, higher education finance, corporate taxation, labour supply, poverty and inequality, wealth, the measurement of well being and productivity.According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2015 impact factor of 1.044, ranking it 52th out of 96 journals in the category "Business, Finance" and 154th out of 347 journals in the category "Economics".

Fiscal Management

Firwood, Clackamas County, Oregon

In economics, the fiscal burden of government imposed onto its taxpayers is the influence of the tax levied on the purchasing power of the taxpayers.We need to differentiate tax burden and fiscal burden. Fiscal burden includes not only the influence of taxes on the budget, but also the influence of other, non-tax revenues of government (social contributions, revenues from foreign trade, other payments) on the budget.The concept was introduced by an English clergyman and political writer John Brand. In his 1776 pamphlet, "Observations on some of the probable effects of Mr. Gilbert's Bill, to which are added Remarks on Dr. Price's account of the National Debt", he draw a distinction between "fiscal charge" and "fiscal burden". He argued that as long as prices steadily rose, though more money might be taken out of the taxpayer's pocket, the quantity of commodities which the sum levied by taxation would purchase steadily decreased, and thus if 'burden' were interpreted to be the amount of commodities of the power of purchasing which the community was deprived by taxation, its increase need not be and had not been at all proportionate to the increase of charge.To quantify the fiscal burden and to draw comparisons of different countries, the concept of "fiscal burden of government ratio" is used. Calculated according to certain methodologies, it basically means that the lower the score, the lower the involvement of the government in the economics of the country.

Fiscal environmentalist

Fiscal pedalling

Fisc

Firuzi, Shiraz

Fiscal cliff (US)

Fiscal Deficit

A fiscal-military state is a state that bases its economic model on the sustainment of its armed forces, usually in times of prolonged or severe conflict. Characteristically, fiscal-military states will subject citizens to high taxation for this purpose.In the past, states such as Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, which were embroiled in long-lasting periods of war for local or global hegemony, were organized as fiscal-military states. The British East India Company also employed military fiscalism in maintenance of rule in India in the mid-18th century. Colonial powers generated their revenue for the maintenance of the army. Currently there are few states that could be described as fiscal-military states, which is probably due to the decline of large scale international conflicts in recent times.

Fiscal incidence

Fiscal cash registers

Fiscal imbalance

Fiscal responsibility

Fiscal and customs police

Firuzkuh (Persian: فيروزكوه‎, also Romanized as Fīrūzkūh and Fīrūz Kūh; Tabarian: Pirezcow; also known as Qaşabeh-ye Fīrūz Kūh) is a city and capital of Firuzkuh County, Tehran Province, Iran. At the 2016 census, its population was 17,453.It is located north-east of Tehran, in the middle of Alborz Mountains. Previously, it was part of Mazandaran Province.The city has a relatively cool and windy climate. It has some natural attractions and is famous for them, including Tange Vashi, Boornic Cave, Roodafshan Cave, Gardane Gadook and the sight-seeing of villages like Varse-Kharan, Zarrin Dasht, Darreh-Deh, and Kaveh Deh.Firuzkuh is rich in historical heritage and some of the most ancient objects in Tehran Province have been found there. Among its villages Darreh-Deh contains the most ancient places. During the reign of Timur, Ruy González de Clavijo praised a nearby concentric citadel and suggested that it could resist any assault. The castle belonged to the Nizari Ismaili state. Veresk Bridge lies on the road north from Firuzkuh.

A fiscal-military state is a state that bases its economic model on the sustainment of its armed forces, usually in times of prolonged or severe conflict. Characteristically, fiscal-military states will subject citizens to high taxation for this purpose.In the past, states such as Spain, the Netherlands and Sweden, which were embroiled in long-lasting periods of war for local or global hegemony, were organized as fiscal-military states.

Advance and institutionalize global norms and significant, continuous improvements on fiscal transparency, engagement, and accountability in countries around the world.

Fiscal Welfare

Fiscal law

Firuzjah

Fiscal policy refers to the "measures employed by governments to stabilize the economy, specifically by manipulating the levels and allocations of taxes and government expenditures. Fiscal measures are frequently used in tandem with monetary policy to achieve certain goals." In the Philippines, this is characterized by continuous and increasing levels of debt and budget deficits, though there have been improvements in the last few years.The Philippine government’s main source of revenue are taxes, with some non-tax revenue also being collected. To finance fiscal deficit and debt, the Philippines relies on both domestic and external sources.Fiscal policy during the Marcos administration was primarily focused on indirect tax collection and on government spending on economic services and infrastructure development. The first Aquino administration inherited a large fiscal deficit from the previous administration, but managed to reduce fiscal imbalance and improve tax collection through the introduction of the 1986 Tax Reform Program and the value added tax. The Ramos administration experienced budget surpluses due to substantial gains from the massive sale of government assets and strong foreign investment iyears and administrations. The Estrada administration faced a large fiscal deficit due to the decrease in tax effort and the repayment of the Ramos administration’s debt to contractors and suppliers. During the Arroyo administration, the Expanded Value Added Tax Law was enacted, national debt-to-GDP ratio peaked, and underspending on public infrastructure and other capital expenditures was observed.

Fiscal-year budget

As a subfield of public economics, fiscal federalism is concerned with "understanding which functions and instruments are best centralized and which are best placed in the sphere of decentralized levels of government" (Oates, 1999). In other words, it is the study of how competencies (expenditure side) and fiscal instruments (revenue side) are allocated across different (vertical) layers of the administration. An important part of its subject matter is the system of transfer payments or grants by which a central government shares its revenues with lower levels of government.Federal governments use this power to enforce national rules and standards. There are two primary types of transfers, conditional and unconditional. A conditional transfer from a federal body to a province, or other territory, involves a certain set of conditions. If the lower level of government is to receive this type of transfer, it must agree to the spending instructions of the federal government. An example of this would be the Canada Health Transfer.An unconditional grant is usually a cash or tax point transfer, with no spending instructions. An example of this would be a federal equalization transfer.This may be noted that the concept of fiscal federalism is relevant for all kinds of government: unitary, federal and confederal. The concept of fiscal federalism is not to be associated with fiscal decentralization in officially declared federations only; it is applicable even to non-federal states (having no formal federal constitutional arrangement) in the sense that they encompass different levels of government which have de facto decision-making authority.This, however, does not mean that all forms of governments are 'fiscally' federal, only that 'fiscal federalism' is a set of principles that can be applied to all countries attempting 'fiscal decentralization'. In fact, fiscal federalism is a general normative framework for assignment of functions to the different levels of government and appropriate fiscal instruments for carrying out these functions In 2017, Governor of Rivers State of Nigeria, Ezenwo Nyesom Wike said that he believes true fiscal federalism will "strengthen the economy of his country as all sections will develop based on their comparative advantages". These questions arise: (a) how are federal and non-federal countries different with respect to 'fiscal federalism' or 'fiscal decentralization', and (b) how are fiscal federalism and fiscal decentralization related (similar or different)?Chanchal Kumar Sharma clarifies that while "fiscal federalism constitutes a set of guiding principles, a guiding concept" that helps in designing financial relations between the national and subnational levels of the government, "fiscal decentralization on the other hand is a process of applying such principles".Federal and non-federal countries differ in the manner in which such principles are applied. Application differs because unitary and federal governments differ in their political and legislative context and thus provide different opportunities for fiscal decentralization.

FiscalNote

Firyubin

Fiscal cliff crisis

Fiscal union

Fiscal Compact (European Union)

Network Director

Firuzi-ye Korbal

Comune di Fiscaglia

Fiscal memory devices

Fiscal Compact Treaty

Firuzkuh, Iran

Fiscal General of Guatemala

Fiscal, Spain

Fiscal Imbalance

Firyal Al-Adhamy

Fisal Shazad

Fis, Ljubomir Pavicevic