A cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate groups. Like other nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides are composed of three functional groups: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. As can be seen in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) images, the 'cyclic' portion consists of two bonds between the phosphate group and the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of the sugar, very often a ribose. Their biological significance includes a broad range of protein-ligand interactions. They have been identified as secondary messengers in both hormone and ion-channel signalling in eukaryotic cells, as well as allosteric effector compounds of DNA binding proteins in prokaryotic cells. cAMP and cGMP are currently the most well documented cyclic nucleotides, however there is evidence that (cytosine) is also involved in eukaryotic cellular messaging. The role of cyclic uridine monophosphate (cUMP) is even less well known. Discovery of cyclic nucleotides has contributed greatly to the understanding of kinase and phosphatase mechanisms, as well as protein regulation in general. Although more than 50 years have passed since their initial discovery, interest in cyclic nucleotides and their biochemical and physiological significance continues.

Cyclic pitch

Cyclic permutation code

Cycleurope

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

In noncommutative geometry and related branches of mathematics, cyclic homology and cyclic cohomology are certain (co)homology theories for associative algebras which generalize the de Rham (co)homology of manifolds. These notions were independently introduced by (homology) and Alain Connes (cohomology) in 1980s. These invariants have many interesting relationships with several older branches of mathematics, including de Rham theory, Hochschild (co)homology, group cohomology, and the K-theory. The principal contributors to the development of theory include Max Karoubi, Yuri L. Daletskii, Boris Feigin, Jean-Luc Brylinski, Mariusz Wodzicki, Jean-Louis Loday, Victor Nistor, Daniel Quillen, Joachim Cuntz, Ryszard Nest, Ralf Meyer, Michael Puschnigg, and many others.

Cyclic aldehyde

In coding theory, a cyclic code is a block code, where the circular shifts of each codeword gives another word that belongs to the code. They are error-correcting codes that have algebraic properties that are convenient for efficient error detection and correction.

Cyclic di-GMP (also called cyclic diguanylate and c-di-GMP) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety of bacteria. Cyclic di-GMP is not known to be used by archaea, and has only been observed in eukaryotes in Dictyostelium. The biological role of cyclic di-GMP was first uncovered when it was identified as an allosteric activator of a cellulose synthase found in Gluconacetobacter xylinus in order to produce microbial cellulose. In structure, it is a cycle containing only two guanine bases linked by ribose and phosphate. In bacteria, certain signals are communicated by synthesizing or degrading cyclic di-GMP. Cyclic di-GMP is synthesized by proteins with diguanylate cyclase activity. These proteins typically have a characteristic GGDEF motif, which refers to a conserved sequence of five amino acids. Degradation of cyclic di-GMP is affected by proteins with phosphodiesterase activity. These proteins have either an EAL or an HD-GYP amino acid motif. Processes that are known to be regulated by cyclic di-GMP, at least in some organisms, include biofilm formation, motility and virulence factor production. Cyclic di-GMP levels are regulated using a variety of mechanisms. Many proteins with GGDEF, EAL or HD-GYP domains are found with other domains that can receive signals, such as PAS domains. Enzymes that degrade or synthesize cyclic di-GMP are believed to be localized to specific regions of the cell, where they influence receivers in a restricted space. In Gluconacetobacter xylinus, c-di-GMP stimulates the polymerization of glucose into cellulose as a high affinity allosteric activator of the enzyme cellulose synthase. Some diguanylate cyclase enzymes are allosterically inhibited by cyclic di-GMP. Cyclic di-GMP levels regulate other processes via a number of mechanisms. The Gluconacetobacter xylinus cellulose synthase is allosterically stimulated by cyclic di-GMP, presenting a mechanism by which cyclic di-GMP can regulate cellulose synthase activity. The PilZ domain has been shown to bind cyclic di-GMP and is believed to be involved in cyclic di-GMP-dependent regulation, but the mechanism by which it does this is unknown. Recent structural studies of PilZ domains from two bacterial species have demonstrated that PilZ domains change conformation drastically upon binding to cyclic di-GMP. This leads to the strong inference that conformational changes in PilZ domains allow the activity of targeted effector proteins (such as cellulose synthase) to be regulated by cyclic di-GMP. Riboswitches called the cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch and cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch regulate gene expression in response to cyclic di-GMP concentrations in a variety of bacteria, but not all bacteria that are known to use cyclic di-GMP.

Cycliadas

Cyclic ketal with pentanone

Proteins that bind cyclic nucleotides (cAMP or cGMP) share a structural domain of about 120 residues. The best studied of these proteins is the prokaryotic catabolite gene activator (also known as the cAMP receptor protein) (gene crp) where such a domain is known to be composed of three alpha-helices and a distinctive eight-stranded, antiparallel beta-barrel structure. There are six invariant amino acids in this domain, three of which are glycine residues that are thought to be essential for maintenance of the structural integrity of the beta-barrel. cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cAPK and cGPK) contain two tandem copies of the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain. The cAPK's are composed of two different subunits, a catalytic chain and a regulatory chain, which contains both copies of the domain. The cGPK's are single chain enzymes that include the two copies of the domain in their N-terminal section. Vertebrate cyclic nucleotide-gated ion-channels also contain this domain. Two such cations channels have been fully characterized, one is found in rod cells where it plays a role in visual signal transduction.

In chemistry, cyclic alkyl amino carbenes (CAACs) are a type of carbene that contain a single nitrogen atom within the cyclic structure. They are related to N-heterocyclic carbenes, which feature two nitrogen centers. Relative to traditional NHC's, CAACs are stronger π-acceptor as well as σ-donor ligand. CAACs form a variety of organometallic compounds.

In mathematics, a cyclic graph may mean a graph that contains a cycle, or a graph that is a cycle, with varying definitions of cycles. See:
* Cycle (graph theory), a cycle in a graph
* Forest (graph theory), an undirected graph with no cycles
* Biconnected graph, an undirected graph in which every edge belongs to a cycle
* Directed acyclic graph, a directed graph with no cycles
* Strongly connected graph, a directed graph in which every edge belongs to a cycle
* Aperiodic graph, a directed graph in which the cycle lengths have no nontrivial common divisor
* Pseudoforest, a directed or undirected graph in which every connected component includes at most one cycle
* Cycle graph, a graph that has the structure of a single cycle
* Pancyclic graph, a graph that has cycles of all possible lengths
* Cycle detection (graph theory), the algorithmic problem of finding cycles in graphs Other similarly-named concepts include
* Cycle graph (algebra), a graph that illustrates the cyclic subgroups of a group
* Circulant graph, a graph with an automorphism which permutes its vertices cyclically.

Cyclic carbonate

Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe is a science book by mathematical physicist Roger Penrose published by The Bodley Head in 2010. The book outlines Penrose's Conformal Cyclic Cosmology (CCC) model, which is an extension of general relativity but opposed to the widely supported multidimensional string theories and cosmological inflation following the Big Bang.

Cyclic/collective pitch mixing (CCPM) is a control concept employed in collective pitch radio-controlled helicopters. CCPM reduces mechanical complexity and increases precision of control of the helicopter rotor's swashplate.

Cyclic Delay Diversity (CDD) is a diversity scheme used in OFDM-based telecommunication systems, transforming spatial diversity into frequency diversity avoiding intersymbol interference. CDD was introduced in 2001 and can gain frequency diversity at the receiver without changing the SISO receiver structure. The idea of CDD for OFDM had previously also been submitted as a patent application in September 2000.

Cyclic cosmological model

Cyclic molecule

Cycles

Cyclic amp

Cyclic ketal with 3-pentanone

Cyclic AMP receptor-protein

Cyclic chain rule

Cycles (No Bragging Rights album)

Cyclic ketogenic diet

Cyclic propylene carbonate

Cyclic Sieving

Cyclemys shanensis

Cyclic AMP responsive DNA binding protein

Cyclic number (group theory)

Cyclic adenosine diphosphoribose

Cyclexanone

Cyclica is a monotypic moth genus in the family Geometridae. Its only species, Cyclica frondaria, is found in the US states of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. Both the genus and species were first described by Augustus Radcliffe Grote in 1882.

Cycles of Time (book)

A cyclic number is a natural number n such that n and φ(n) are coprime. Here φ is Euler's totient function. An equivalent definition is that a number n is cyclic if and only if any group of order n is cyclic. Any prime number is clearly cyclic. All cyclic numbers are square-free.Let n = p1 p2 … pk where the pi are distinct primes, then φ(n) = (p1 − 1)(p2 − 1)...(pk – 1). If no pi divides any (pj – 1), then n and φ(n) have no common (prime) divisor, and n is cyclic.

Cyclic Mass

Cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CNGA3 gene.

Cyclic notation

Cyclic acetals with 3-pentanone

Cyclic acetal with acetophenone

Cyclic sieving phenomenon

Cyclic Number

Trioxirane

Proteins that bind cyclic nucleotides (cAMP or cGMP) share a structural domain of about 120 residues. The best studied of these proteins is the prokaryotic catabolite gene activator (also known as the cAMP receptor protein) (gene crp) where such a domain is known to be composed of three alpha-helices and a distinctive eight-stranded, antiparallel beta-barrel structure. There are six invariant amino acids in this domain, three of which are glycine residues that are thought to be essential for maintenance of the structural integrity of the beta-barrel. cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cAPK and cGPK) contain two tandem copies of the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain. The cAPK's are composed of two different subunits, a catalytic chain and a regulatory chain, which contains both copies

Cyclic amide

Cyclic microcellular foaming refers to the solid-state Microcellular plastic manufacturing technique in which the polymer is foamed sequentially. The concept was first introduced in a research article in peer-reviewed international journal, Materials Letters on Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene as the base Polymer. In the right side, the scanning electron images describes the concept of cyclic microcellular foaming. Clearly, it can be seen that with the repeated microcellular foaming, the cell size enhances significantly and simultaneously the cell wall thickness reduces.

Cyclic 1,2-propylene carbonate

Cyclic/collective pitch mixing

A cyclic flower is a flower type formed out of a series of whorls; sets of identical organs attached around the axis at the same point. Most flowers consist of a single whorl of sepals termed a calyx; a single whorl of petals termed a corolla; one or more whorls of stamens (together termed the androecium); and a single whorl of carpels termed the gynoecium. This is a cyclic arrangement. Some flowers contain flower parts with a spiral arrangement. Such flowers are not cyclic. However in the common case of spirally arranged sepals on an otherwise cyclic flower, the term hemicyclic may be used.

1,4,7,10-Tetrazacyclododecane

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel

The Cycles of the Kings, also known as the Kings' Cycles or the Historical Cycle are a body of Old and Middle Irish literature. They contain stories of the legendary kings of Ireland, for example Cormac mac Airt, Niall of the Nine Hostages, Éogan Mór, Conall Corc, Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin, Diarmait mac Cerbaill, Lugaid mac Con, Conn of the Hundred Battles, Lóegaire mac Néill, Crimthann mac Fidaig, and Brian Bóruma. It was part of the duty of the medieval Irish bards, or court poets, to record the history of the family and the genealogy of the king they served. This they did in poems that blended the mythological and the historical to a greater or lesser degree. The resulting stories form what has come to be known as the Historical Cycle, or more correctly Cycles, as there are a number of independent groupings. The kings that are included range from the almost entirely mythological Labraid Loingsech, who allegedly became High King of Ireland around 431 BC, to the entirely historical Brian Boru. However, the greatest glory of the Historical Cycle is the Buile Shuibhne (The Frenzy of Sweeney), a 12th-century tale told in verse and prose. Suibhne, king of Dál nAraidi, was cursed by St Ronan and became a kind of half man, half bird, condemned to live out his life in the woods, fleeing from his human companions. The story has captured the imaginations of contemporary Irish poets and has been translated by Trevor Joyce and Seamus Heaney.

Cyclic diarylheptanoids

Cyclic semigroup

Cyclic Olefin Polymer;

In mathematics, and in particular in group theory, a cyclic permutation (or cycle) is a permutation of the elements of some set X which maps the elements of some subset S of X to each other in a cyclic fashion, while fixing (that is, mapping to themselves) all other elements of X. If S has k elements, the cycle is called a k-cycle. The set S is called the orbit of the cycle. Every permutation on finitely many elements can be decomposed into cycles on disjoint orbits.

A cyclic number is a natural number n such that n and φ(n) are coprime. Here φ is Euler's totient function. An equivalent definition is that a number n is cyclic if and only if any group of order n is cyclic. Any prime number is clearly cyclic. All cyclic numbers are square-free.Let n = p1 p2 … pk where the pi are distinct primes, then φ(n) = (p1 − 1)(p2 − 1)...(pk – 1). If no pi divides any (pj – 1), then n and φ(n) have no common (prime) divisor, and n is cyclic. The first cyclic numbers are 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 33, 35, 37, 41, 43, 47, 51, 53, 59, 61, 65, 67, 69, 71, 73, 77, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 95, 97, 101, 103, 107, 109, 113, 115, 119, 123, 127, 131, 133, 137, 139, 141, 143, 145, 149, ... (sequence in the OEIS).

Cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch

Cyclic AMP receptors

Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbenes

Cyclic stress is the distribution of forces (aka stresses) that change over time in a repetitive fashion. As an example, consider one of the large wheels used to drive an aerial lift such as a ski lift. The wire cable wrapped around the wheel exerts a downward force on the wheel and the drive shaft supporting the wheel. Although the shaft, wheel, and cable move, the force remains nearly vertical relative to the ground. Thus a point on the surface of the drive shaft will undergo tension when it is pointing towards the ground and compression when it is pointing to the sky.

Cyclic-guanylate-specific phosphodiesterase (EC 3.1.4.52, cyclic bis(3->5')diguanylate phosphodiesterase, c-di-GMP-specific phosphodiesterase, c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase, phosphodiesterase, phosphodiesterase A1, PDEA1, VieA) is an enzyme with systematic name cyclic bis(3->5')diguanylate 3-guanylylhydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction cyclic di-3',5'-guanylate + H2O 5'-phosphoguanylyl(3'->5')guanosine This enzyme requires Mg2+ or Mn2+ for activity. It is inhibited by Ca2+ and Zn2+.

Cyclic Steam Stimulation

Cyclic 3',5'-phosphodiesterase

Cycles Devinci is a Canadian bicycle manufacturer established in Chicoutimi, Quebec in 1987. In addition to a full line of road, mountain and hybrid bicycles, it also manufactures the BIXI-brand of bicycle used in bicycle sharing schemes in cities such as Montreal and Toronto. Devinci supplies a similar bicycle to Santander Cycles in London, England.

Cyclemys orbiculata

The Cycles of the Kings, also known as the Kings' Cycles or the Historical Cycle are a body of Old and Middle Irish literature. They contain stories of the legendary kings of Ireland, for example Cormac mac Airt, Niall of the Nine Hostages, Éogan Mór, Conall Corc, Guaire Aidne mac Colmáin, Diarmait mac Cerbaill, Lugaid mac Con, Conn of the Hundred Battles, Lóegaire mac Néill, Crimthann mac Fidaig, and Brian Bóruma.

In mathematics, a cyclic polytope, denoted C(n,d), is a convex polytope formed as a convex hull of n distinct points on a rational normal curve in Rd, where n is greater than d. These polytopes were studied by Constantin Carathéodory, David Gale, Theodore Motzkin, Victor Klee, and others. They play an important role in polyhedral combinatorics: according to the upper bound theorem, proved by Peter McMullen and Richard Stanley, the boundary Δ(n,d) of the cyclic polytope C(n,d) maximizes the number fi of i-dimensional faces among all simplicial spheres of dimension d − 1 with n vertices.

Cyclic and collective

Cyclic ozone is a theoretically predicted form of ozone. Like ordinary ozone (O3), it would have three oxygen atoms. It would differ from ordinary ozone in how those three oxygen atoms are arranged. In ordinary ozone, the atoms are arranged in a bent line; in cyclic ozone, they would form an equilateral triangle. Some of properties of cyclic ozone have been predicted theoretically. It should have more energy than ordinary ozone. There is evidence that tiny quantities of cyclic ozone exist at the surface of magnesium oxide crystals in air. Cyclic ozone has not been made in bulk, although at least one researcher has attempted to do so using lasers. Another possibility to stabilize this form of oxygen is to produce it inside confined spaces, e.g., fullerene. It has been speculated that, if cyclic ozone could be made in bulk, and if it proved to have good stability properties, it could be added to liquid oxygen to improve the specific impulse of rocket fuel. Currently, the possibility of cyclic ozone is confirmed within diverse theoretical approaches.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channel

Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase

Cyclic process

In mathematics, a cyclic graph may mean a graph that contains a cycle, or a graph that is a cycle, with varying definitions of cycles. See:
* Cycle (graph theory), a cycle in a graph
* Forest (graph theory), an undirected graph with no cycles
* Biconnected graph, an undirected graph in which every edge belongs to a cycle
* Directed acyclic graph, a directed graph with no cycles
* Strongly connected graph, a directed graph in which every edge belongs to a cycle
* Aperiodic graph, a directed graph in which the cycle lengths have no nontrivial common divisor
* Pseudoforest, a directed or undirected graph in which every connected component includes at most one cycle
* Cycle graph, a graph that has the structure of a single cycle
* Pancyclic graph, a graph that has cycles of all possib

Cycleuropa Group

Cycles Devinci

Cyclic acetal with acrolein

Cycles of Time

Cyclic di-GMP riboswitch

Cyclic amp response element-binding protein a

Cycles Per Instruction

Cycler (disambiguation)

Cyclic (mathematics) (disambiguation)

Cycles per byte (sometimes abbreviated cpb) is a unit of measurement which indicates the number of clock cycles a microprocessor will perform per byte (usually of octet size) of data processed in an algorithm. It is commonly used as a partial indicator of real-world performance in cryptographic functions.

A cyclic enzyme system is a theoretical system of two enzymes sharing a single substrate or cofactor, also referred to as a biochemical switching device. It has been used as a biochemical implementation of a simple computational device, acting as a chemical diode.

Cyclic progression code

Cyclic redundancy checks

Cyclic Poets is a shorthand term for the early Greek epic poets, approximate contemporaries of Homer. We know no more about these poets than we know about Homer, but modern scholars regard them as having composed orally, as did Homer. In the classical period, surviving early epic poems were ascribed to these authors, just as the Iliad and Odyssey were ascribed to Homer. Together with Homer, whose Iliad covers a mere 50 days of the war, they cover the complete war "cycle", thus the name. Most modern scholars place Homer in the 8th century BC. The other poets listed below seemed to have lived in the 7th–5th centuries BC. Excluding Homer's, none of the works of the cyclic poets survive.

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a type of potentiodynamic electrochemical measurement. In a cyclic voltammetry experiment, the working electrode potential is ramped linearly versus time. Unlike in linear sweep voltammetry, after the set potential is reached in a CV experiment, the working electrode's potential is ramped in the opposite direction to return to the initial potential. These cycles of ramps in potential may be repeated as many times as needed. The current at the working electrode is plotted versus the applied voltage (that is, the working electrode's potential) to give the cyclic voltammogram trace. Cyclic voltammetry is generally used to study the electrochemical properties of an analyte in solution or of a molecule that is adsorbed onto the electrode.

Cyclic ketal with acrolein

Cyclic ADP ribose

Cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) is an amorphous polymer made by several polymer manufacturers. COC is a relatively new class of polymers as compared to commodities such as polypropylene and polyethylene. This newer material is used in a wide variety of applications including packaging films, lenses, vials, displays, and medical devices.

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS, cGAMP synthase), belonging to the nucleotidyltransferase family, is a cytosolic DNA sensor that activates a type-I interferon response. It is part of the cGAS-STING DNA sensing pathway. It binds to microbial DNA as well as self DNA that invades the cytoplasm, and catalyzes cGAMP synthesis. cGAMP then functions as a second messenger that binds to and activates the endoplasmic reticulum protein STING to trigger type-I IFNs production. Mice lacking cGAS were more vulnerable to lethal infection by DNA viruses. In addition, cGAS has been shown to be an innate immune sensor of retroviruses including HIV.

Cycler

Cyclic reduction is a numerical method for solving large linear systems by repeatedly splitting the problem. Each step eliminates even or odd rows and columns of a matrix and remains in a similar form. The elimination step is relatively expensive but splitting the problem allows parallel computation.
Cyclic reduction

Cycles (Sinatra)

Cycles Follis

Cyclestheriidae

Cyclic photophosphorylation

Cycleswap is a platform through which individual bicycle owners and small bike shops can rent out bikes to individuals. The platform was founded in Amsterdam in 2015, and has been featured by various Dutch media after its launch. Cycleswap was acquired by the American bike-sharing platform Spinlister for an undisclosed amount in March 2016. At that time the website hosted around 40.000 listings . Cycleswap offered an insurance in 4 countries.

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)

Cyclic polypeptides

Cycles is the second album by cellist David Darling recorded in 1981 and released on the ECM label.

Cyclic guanosine triphosphate

Cycles is a studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra, released in 1968. Released just before Christmas in 1968, there was a ten-month gap between the release of Francis A. & Edward K. and this album, which was the longest period in Sinatra's Reprise years in which he did not commercially record music (barring his contributions to The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas).

Cyclic Universe

In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a cyclic group or monogenous group is a group that is generated by a single element. That is, it is a set of invertible elements with a single associative binary operation, and it contains an element g such that every other element of the group may be obtained by repeatedly applying the group operation to g or its inverse. Each element can be written as a power of g in multiplicative notation, or as a multiple of g in additive notation. This element g is called a generator of the group. Every infinite cyclic group is isomorphic to the additive group of Z, the integers. Every finite cyclic group of order n is isomorphic to the additive group of Z/nZ, the integers modulo n. Every cyclic group is an abelian group (meaning that its group operation is commutative), and every finitely generated abelian group is a direct product of cyclic groups. Every cyclic group of prime order is a simple group which cannot be broken down into smaller groups. In the classification of finite simple groups, one of the three infinite classes consists of the cyclic groups of prime order. The cyclic groups of prime order are thus among the building blocks from which all groups can be built.

Cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 3

Cyclen (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) is a macrocycle and the aza analog of the crown ether 12-crown-4. Derivatives of cyclen are larger cyclic polyamines but the repeating unit (ethyleneimine, –CH2CH2NH–) is always the same. Like crown ethers, cyclen compounds are capable of selectively binding cations. They are used as a ligand in chemistry for instance with chemicals used in MRI contrast agents.

In many-valued logic with linearly ordered truth values, cyclic negation is a unary truth function that takes a truth value n and returns n − 1 as value if n is not the lowest value; otherwise it returns the highest value. For example, let the set of truth values be {0,1,2}, let ~ denote negation, and let p be a variable ranging over truth values. For these choices, if p = 0 then ~p = 2; and if p = 1 then ~p = 0. Cyclic negation was originally introduced by the logician and mathematician Emil Post.

Cyclic tornadogenesis

Cyclic peptides

Cycleptus

In algebraic topology and algebraic geometry, a cyclic cover or cyclic covering is a covering space for which the set of covering transformations forms a cyclic group. As with cyclic groups, there may be both finite and infinite cyclic covers. Cyclic covers have proven useful in the descriptions of knot topology and the algebraic geometry of Calabi–Yau manifolds.

Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches are a class of riboswitch that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, which is a second messenger that is used in a variety of microbial processes including virulence, motility and biofilm formation. Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches were originally identified by bioinformatics as a conserved RNA-like structure called the "GEMM motif". These riboswitches are present in a wide variety of bacteria, and are most common in Clostridia and certain varieties of Proteobacteria. The riboswitches are present in pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, Vibrio cholerae (which causes cholera) and Bacillus anthracis (which causes anthrax). Geobacter uraniumreducens is predicted to have 30 instances of this riboswitch in its genome. A bacteriophage that infects C. difficile is predicted

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic acetal with 4-dimethylaminobenzylidene

In mathematics, in linear algebra, a cyclic subspace is a certain special subspace of a finite-dimensional vector space associated with a vector in the vector space and a linear transformation of the vector space. The cyclic subspace associated with a vector v in a vector space V and a linear transformation T of V is called the T-cyclic subspace generated by v. The concept of a cyclic subspace is a basic component in the formulation of the cyclic decomposition theorem in linear algebra.

Cyclic ketones

Cyclo Olefinecopolymer;

Cyclic succession is a pattern of vegetation change in which in a small number of species tend to replace each other over time in the absence of large-scale disturbance. Observations of cyclic replacement have provided evidence against traditional Clementsian views of an end-state climax community with stable species compositions. Cyclic succession is one of several kinds of ecological succession, a concept in community ecology. These examples differ from the classic cases of cyclic succession discussed below in that entire species groups are exchanged, as opposed to one species for another.

Cyclic module

Cyclic 3',5'-nucleotide phosphodiesterase

In telecommunications, the term cyclic prefix refers to the prefixing of a symbol, with a repetition of the end. The receiver is typically configured to discard the cyclic prefix samples, but the cyclic prefix serves two purposes: For the cyclic prefix to serve its objectives, it must have a length at least equal to the length of the multipath channel. The concept of a cyclic prefix is traditionally associated with OFDM systems, however the cyclic prefix is now also used in systems to improve the robustness to multipath propagation.

Cyclic sequence

Cyclic Amp

Cycles is the third full-length studio album by American rock band Cartel, released through Wind-up Records on October 20, 2009.
Cycles (Cartel album)

Cyclic nucleotides

A cyclic ketogenic diet (or carb-cycling) is a low-carbohydrate diet with intermittent periods of high or moderate carbohydrate consumption. This is a form of the general ketogenic diet that is used as a way to maximize fat loss while maintaining the ability to perform high-intensity exercise. A ketogenic diet limits the number of grams of carbohydrate the dieter may eat, which may be anywhere between 0 and 50g per day. The remainder of the caloric intake must come primarily from fat sources and protein sources in order to maintain ketosis (the condition in which the body burns fats and uses ketones instead of glucose for fuel). The Cyclical Ketogenic Diet can be complex, as it requires dieters to closely watch the number of carbohydrate grams they eat during the intermittent period that they are not maintaining a strictly low carb/moderate protein diet. When following a low carbohydrate diet, for the first few days, there is an adaptation period during which most people report feeling run-down or tired. Some people report feeling irritable, out of sorts, and unable to make decisions. For most people, these feelings disappear after the adaptation period, however, and are replaced with feelings of calm and balance and more consistent energy. Although most people report a waning of cravings while in ketosis, some people may crave carbohydrates during ketosis for psychological reasons. During a hypocaloric ketogenic diet, the carb cravings may combine with hunger pangs, making matters worse. (However, it is noteworthy that most people report having no hunger pangs on a ketogenic diet, due to its higher fat and protein contents, which help to increase a sense of fullness). A CKD offers a way to combat this. It offers a cyclical "refeed" (sometimes also called a carb-up). During this phase, the diet consists mostly of complex carbohydrates, with limited fat, sucrose and fructose. Since the glycogen stores in the liver and muscles are depleted, these carbohydrates go straight to refilling them instead of being added to the body's fat stores. For this reason, the amount of calories consumed during a refeed can be far above an individual's usual dietary intake. While a typical CKD consists of 50g or less of carbohydrate per day, the typical refeed consists of 450-600g of carbohydrate. A weight gain of 1-2 lbs is usually reported during refeeding; this is mainly water and normally lost in 2–4 days. The goals of a refeed are threefold: 1.
* to refill depleted glycogen stores 2.
* to upregulate hormones and thyroid activity that are suppressed during dieting 3.
* to provide a psychological "break" that makes the rest of the diet easier to bear The refueled glycogen stores can then be used for higher-intensity training to maintain or increase endurance / muscle mass after the refeed. Normally this sort of training would be relatively impossible on a pure ketogenic diet, as glycogen stores in the body are almost constantly depleted. The refeed process can lead to gaining fat if more carbs are consumed than needed to replenish glycogen stores. The timing, duration, and macronutrient composition of a refeed are crucial to the overall success of the diet.

Cyclic ketals with 3-pentanone

Cyclic subgroup

Cyclic permutation

Cyclic buffer

Cyclic nucleotide

Cycleway in Bogotá

Cyclic extension

Cyclic coordinates

Cyclic 3',5'-mononucleotide phosphodiesterase

Cyclic space cellular automaton

Cycles (David Darling album)

Cyclic alcohol:quinone oxidoreductase

Cycles is the tenth studio album by American rock band The Doobie Brothers. The album was released on May 17, 1989, by Capitol Records. It marked the band's reunion after breaking up in 1982. Instead of the later configurations with Michael McDonald at the helm, the band reverted to their 1972-4 lineup although Bobby LaKind who had played percussion with later configurations also rejoined. Tom Johnston, John Hartman and Michael Hossack returned to the studio lineup for the first time since 1977, 1978 and 1974 respectively.

Cyclic carbonates

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate

Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain

Cyclic Voltammetry

Cycliadas was an ancient Greek statesman and general. He was the son of Damaretos of Pharae in Achaea. Elected as strategos of the Achaean League in 208 BC, he joined Philip V of Macedon at Dyme with the Achaean forces, and aided him in his invasion of Elis. In 200 BC, Cycliadas being made strategos instead of Philopoemen, the Spartan king Nabis took advantage of the change to make war on the Achaeans. Philip offered to help them, and to carry the war into the enemy's country, if they would give him a sufficient number of their soldiers to garrison Chalcis, Oreus and Corinth in the meantime. The Achaeans however mistrusted Philip, and suspected that it was a ploy to obtain hostages from them and so to force them into a war with the Romans. Cycliadas therefore answered, that their laws prec

Cyclic redundancy checksum

Cyclic Corrosion Testing (CCT) has evolved in recent years, largely within the automotive industry, as a way of accelerating real-world corrosion failures, under laboratory controlled conditions. As the name implies, the test comprises different climates which are cycled automatically so the samples under test undergo the same sort of changing environment that would be encountered in the natural world. The intention being to bring about the type of failure that might occur naturally, but more quickly i.e. accelerated. By doing this manufacturers and suppliers can predict, more accurately, the service life expectancy of their products. Until the development of Cyclic Corrosion Testing, the traditional Salt spray test was virtually all that manufacturers could use for this purpose. However, this test was never intended for this purpose. Because the test conditions specified for salt spray testing are not typical of a naturally occurring environment, this type of test cannot be used as a reliable means of predicting the ‘real world’ service life expectancy for the samples under test. The sole purpose of the salt spray test is to compare and contrast results with previous experience to perform a quality audit. So, for example, a spray test can be used to ‘police’ a production process and forewarn of potential manufacturing problems or defects, which might affect corrosion resistance. . To recreate these different environments within an environmental chamber requires much more flexible testing procedures than are available in a standard salt spray chamber. The lack of correlation between results obtained from traditional salt spray testing and the ‘real world’ atmospheric corrosion of vehicles, left the automotive industry without a reliable test method for predicting the service life expectancy of their products. This was and remains of particular concern in an industry where anti-corrosion warranties have been gradually increasing and now run to several years for new vehicles. With ever increasing consumer pressure for improved vehicle corrosion resistance and a few ‘high profile’ corrosion failures amongst some vehicle manufactures – with disastrous commercial consequences, the automotive industry recognized the need for a different type of corrosion test. Such a test would need to simulate the types of conditions a vehicle might encounter naturally, but recreate and accelerate these conditions, with good repeatability, within the convenience of the laboratory.CCT is effective for evaluating a variety of corrosion types, including galvanic corrosion and crevice corrosion.

"Cycles" (stylized as "cycles" on the tracklist) is a song by Swedish singer-songwriter Tove Lo, from her third studio album, Blue Lips. It was released on 17 November 2017 as a promotional single. It was written by Tove Lo, Joe Janiak, Ludvig Söderberg and produced by The Struts. Lyrically, it talks about being trapped in a never-ending relationship loop. A music video directed by Malia James was released on 4 December 2018.

Cyclic ordering

Cyclic morphism

Cyclic poets

Cycleurope Group

Cyclic AMP receptor

Cyclic complexity

Cyclic Twin

Cycles Follis, founded in 1903 and previously based in 10, rue Danton, Lyon, France, was a long-established artisan manufacturer in the French bicycle industry. Cycles Follis built a range of bicycles, but was particularly well known for its tandems and racings. During the 1940s and 1950s, he received many patents, mostly on brakes and drivetrain components. In the 1940s and 1950s Follis had teams and individual racers competing for him in his own name, most notably Jean Forestier, who won numerous races and three stages of the Tour de France in 1954-1957, finishing 4th overall in 1957 and winning the green jersey. In 1973, the granddaughter of the founder Joseph Follis, Myriam, took over. She was married to the former employee Jean-Claude Chollet, and they ran the business until its closure in 2007. The entire production of this period were hand-crafted, made to measure steel frames and forks. Consequently, there was no serial production. Customers could determine if they preferred lugs or fillet brazed frames as well as practically any other detail. This included part specifications and paint, and only complete bicycles were sold. Many tandems and racing bicycles were made for and branded by the financing, sometimes competing companies. The company celebrated its 100th birthday in 2003 by offering 100 bicycles numbered on the steerer tube badge. The company is no longer in business, as the couple retired in the summer of 2007.

Cyclic

Cycles Peugeot

Cyclic Defrost is an Australian specialist electronic music magazine. It was founded and edited by Sebastian Chan, with current editors Bob Baker Fish, Chris Downton and Peter Hollo. It covers independent electronic music, avant-rock, experimental sound art and left field hip hop.

cGAMP; cyclic GMP-AMP; cGAMP(2'-5'); cyclic Gp(2'-5')Ap(3'-5')

Cyclic AMP response element-binding protein

Cycles (Doobies)

Cyclic-nucleotide-gated channel

Cyclic-guanylate-specific phosphodiesterase

Cyclic code

Cyclic stick

In algebra, a cyclic division algebra is one of the basic examples of a division algebra over a field, and plays a key role in the theory of central simple algebras.

Cyclic enzyme system

There are many terms in mathematics that begin with cyclic:
* Cyclic chain rule, for derivatives, used in thermodynamics
* Cyclic code, linear codes closed under cyclic permutations
* Cyclic convolution, a method of combining periodic functions
* Cycle decomposition (graph theory)
* Cycle decomposition (group theory)
* Cyclic extension, a field extension with cyclic Galois group
* Graph theory:
* Cycle graph, a connected, 2-regular graph
* Cycle graph (algebra), a diagram representing the cycles determined by taking powers of group elements
* Circulant graph, a graph with cyclic symmetry
* Cycle (graph theory), a nontrivial path in some graph from a node to itself
* Cyclic graph, a graph containing at least one graph cycle
* Cyclic group, a group generated by a single element

Cyclic redundancy code

Cyclic Corrosion Testing (CCT) has evolved in recent years, largely within the automotive industry, as a way of accelerating real-world corrosion failures, under laboratory controlled conditions. As the name implies, the test comprises different climates which are cycled automatically so the samples under test undergo the same sort of changing environment that would be encountered in the natural world. The intention being to bring about the type of failure that might occur naturally, but more quickly i.e. accelerated. By doing this manufacturers and suppliers can predict, more accurately, the service life expectancy of their products.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1

In algebraic topology and algebraic geometry, a cyclic cover or cyclic covering is a covering space for which the set of covering transformations forms a cyclic group. As with cyclic groups, there may be both finite and infinite cyclic covers. Cyclic covers have proven useful in the descriptions of knot topology and the algebraic geometry of Calabi–Yau manifolds. In classical algebraic geometry, cyclic covers are a tool used to create new objects from existing ones through, for example, a field extension by a root element. The powers of the root element form a cyclic group and provide the basis for a cyclic cover. A line bundle over a complex projective variety with torsion index may induce a cyclic Galois covering with cyclic group of order .

Cyclic diguanylate; 3',5'-Cyclic diguanylic acid; c-di-GMP; 5GP-5GP

Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels

Cyclic bis(3-5')diguanylate 3-guanylylhydrolase

Cyclic Sieve

Cyclic pentamer

Cyclic prefix

In music, a cyclic set is a set, "whose alternate elements unfold complementary cycles of a single interval." Those cycles are ascending and descending, being related by inversion since complementary: In the above example, as explained, one interval (7) and its complement (-7 = +5), creates two series of pitches starting from the same note (8): P7: 8 +7= 3 +7= 10 +7= 5...1 +7= 8I5: 8 +5= 1 +5= 6 +5= 11...3 +5= 8 According to George Perle, "a Klumpenhouwer network is a chord analyzed in terms of its dyadic sums and differences," and, "this kind of analysis of triadic combinations was implicit in," his, "concept of the cyclic set from the beginning". A cognate set is a set created from joining two sets related through inversion such that they share a single series of dyads. 0 7 2 9 4 11 6 1 8 3 10 5 (0+ 0 5 10 3 8 1 6 11 4 9 2 7 (0________________________________________= 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (0 The two cycles may also be aligned as pairs of sum 7 or sum 5 dyads. All together these pairs of cycles form a set complex, "any cyclic set of the set complex may be uniquely identified by its two adjacency sums," and as such the example above shows p0p7 and i5i0.

Cyclic Photophosphorylation

Cyclic ketal with 4-dimethylaminobenzylidene

Cyclic amp-dependent protein kinase

Cyclic succession

Cyclic symmetry

Cyclic acetal with cyclopentanone

In group theory, a branch of abstract algebra, a cyclic group or monogenous group is a group that is generated by a single element. That is, it is a set of invertible elements with a single associative binary operation, and it contains an element g such that every other element of the group may be obtained by repeatedly applying the group operation to g or its inverse. Each element can be written as a power of g in multiplicative notation, or as a multiple of g in additive notation. This element g is called a generator of the group.

Cycles per metre

Cycles (Frank Sinatra album)

Cyclesport.se-Memil Pro Cycling

Cycles (1968 album)

Cyclic hemiacetal

Cyclic acetals with acrolein

"The cycleonium is a computer based music instrument. Every day objects like a bicycle and a bottle, and also a propeller are put in a new context and form the base of the sound design. They lose their conventional function consequently and have to be considered as indispensable parameters of this instrument." It was developed by Daniel Dominguez Teruel from 2007–2009 and built with the support of Chiron-Werke GmbH & Co. KG.

Cyclic polytope

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta 1

Cyclic ketals with acetone

Cyclic diarylheptanoid

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome

Cycles (album)

Cyclic schedule

Cyclic gmp-dependent protein kinases

Cyclemys pulchristiata

A cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate groups. Like other nucleotides, cyclic nucleotides are composed of three functional groups: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a single phosphate group. As can be seen in the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) images, the 'cyclic' portion consists of two bonds between the phosphate group and the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of the sugar, very often a ribose.

Cyclic Ozone

Cyclic Universe Theory

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 1, also known as CNGA1, is a human gene encoding an ion channel protein.

Cyclic shift diversity

Cycleswap is a platform through which individual bicycle owners and small bike shops can rent out bikes to individuals. The platform was founded in Amsterdam in 2015, and has been featured by various Dutch media after its launch. Cycleswap was conceived at the University of Amsterdam's Sciencepark campus in 2014, when co-founder Joran Iedema realized a great demand for rental bikes existed, and no bicycle rental amongst the campus facilities. Taking the idea from earlier sharing platforms such as Airbnb and , Iedema proposed his plan to web developer Wouter Florijn, and later to friends David Schogt, David Knap and Matthijs Otterloo. The platform was launched on 7 January 2015. As of 7 March 2015, the outfit had 120 bicycles listed. In a Volkskrant interview, David Schogt stated that Cycleswap had processed 65 rentals in the first two months. Trouw journalist Isabel Baneke states that Cycleswap uses personal information from both the renter and owner to ensure a safe transaction Cycleswap was acquired by the American bike-sharing platform Spinlister for an undisclosed amount in March 2016. At that time the website hosted around 40.000 listings . Cycleswap offered an insurance in 4 countries.

Cyclic acetals with 4-dimethylaminobenzylidene

Ethylene Copolymer; COC;

Cyclic salt is salt that is carried by the wind when it comes in contact with breaking waves. It is estimated that more than 300 million tons of cyclic salt is deposited on the Earth's surface each year, and it is considered to be a significant factor in the chlorine content of the Earth's river water. In general, cyclic salt deposits are lower at sites further inland and are most abundant along the shoreline, although this pattern varies depending on the given environmental conditions.

Cyclic polypeptide

In music, a cyclic set is a set, "whose alternate elements unfold complementary cycles of a single interval." Those cycles are ascending and descending, being related by inversion since complementary: In the above example, as explained, one interval (7) and its complement (-7 = +5), creates two series of pitches starting from the same note (8): P7: 8 +7= 3 +7= 10 +7= 5...1 +7= 8I5: 8 +5= 1 +5= 6 +5= 11...3 +5= 8 A cognate set is a set created from joining two sets related through inversion such that they share a single series of dyads.

Cycles per second

Cyclic decomposition theorem

Cyclic algebra

A cyclic model (or oscillating model) is any of several cosmological models in which the universe follows infinite, or indefinite, self-sustaining cycles. For example, the oscillating universe theory briefly considered by Albert Einstein in 1930 theorized a universe following an eternal series of oscillations, each beginning with a Big Bang and ending with a Big Crunch; in the interim, the universe would expand for a period of time before the gravitational attraction of matter causes it to collapse back in and undergo a bounce.

Cyclic numbers

Cyclic cohomology

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate

Cycleryon is an extinct genus of decapod crustaceans. The type species is Cycleryon propinquus. These epifaunal carnivores lived during the Jurassic of Germany and France, from 164.7 to 161.2 Ma.

Cyclic 3',5-nucleotide monophosphate phosphodiesterase

Cycles Follis, founded in 1903 and previously based in 10, rue Danton, Lyon, France, was a long-established artisan manufacturer in the French bicycle industry. Cycles Follis built a range of bicycles, but was particularly well known for its tandems and racings. During the 1940s and 1950s, he received many patents, mostly on brakes and drivetrain components. In the 1940s and 1950s Follis had teams and individual racers competing for him in his own name, most notably Jean Forestier, who won numerous races and three stages of the Tour de France in 1954-1957, finishing 4th overall in 1957 and winning the green jersey.

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in many biological processes. cAMP is a derivative of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and used for intracellular signal transduction in many different organisms, conveying the cAMP-dependent pathway. It should not be confused with 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMP-activated protein kinase).

A Cyclic pump is an apparatus which moves a fluid in a periodic uni-directional direction from one containment system to another while overcoming static conditions that would, without intervention, not move. The intervention predicated by the pump alters pressures, volumes and sometimes temperatures of fluids (gaseous, liquid, colloidal, plasmic, etc.) in such a way that the fluids are transported to other chambers or enclosures (including pipes), thus "flowing" in a consistent direction, usually having characteristics of pulsation (as is the case with the Human heart) or of uniform motion (as is the case with an Automobile motor oil pump). Cyclic pumps are generally incorporated into machines to deal with all sorts of fluids associated with that machine's functionality.

Cyclic phenomena

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate

In three-dimensional topology, a branch of mathematics, the cyclic surgery theorem states that, for a compact, connected, orientable, irreducible three-manifold M whose boundary is a torus T, if M is not a Seifert-fibered space and r,s are slopes on T such that their Dehn fillings have cyclic fundamental group, then the distance between r and s (the minimal number of times that two simple closed curves in T representing r and s must intersect) is at most 1. Consequently, there are at most three Dehn fillings of M with cyclic fundamental group. The theorem appeared in a 1987 paper written by Marc Culler, Cameron Gordon, John Luecke and Peter Shalen.

Cyclic shift

Cycleonium

Cyclic nucleotide gated ion channel

Ethylene-norbornene Copolymer

Cyclic Steam Soak

Cyclic GMP

Cyclic surgery theorem

Cyclic AMPdependent protein kinase

Cyclic decomposition

Cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a cyclic nucleotide derived from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). cGMP acts as a second messenger much like cyclic AMP. Its most likely mechanism of action is activation of intracellular protein kinases in response to the binding of membrane-impermeable peptide hormones to the external cell surface.

Cyclic neutropenia

Cyclic object

Cyclerval

2-amino-9-[(1S,6R,8R,9R)-3,9-dihydroxy-3-oxo-2,4,7-trioxa-3λ5-phosphabicyclo[4.3.0]nonan-8-yl]-3H-purin-6-one

Cycles (Doobie Brothers album)

Cyclic olefin polymer

Cyclic set

Cyclic compounds

Cyclic ketals with acrolein

Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP) is an experimental treatment for molybdenum cofactor deficiency type A, which was developed by and Guenter Schwarz at the German universities TU Braunschweig and the University of Cologne. cPMP is a precursor to molybdenum cofactor, which is required for the enzyme activity of sulfite oxidase, xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase and aldehyde oxidase.

In mathematics, the cyclic category or cycle category or category of cycles is a category of finite cyclically ordered sets and degree-1 maps between them. It was introduced by .

Cyclic alkyl amino carbenes

Cyclic points

cGMP; 3',5'-cyclic GMP; Guanosine cyclic monophosphate; Cyclic 3',5'-GMP; Guanosine 3',5'-cyclic phosphate

Cyclic flower

Cycles is a studio album by American singer Frank Sinatra, released in 1968. Released just before Christmas in 1968, there was a ten-month gap between the release of Francis A. & Edward K. and this album, which was the longest period in Sinatra's Reprise years in which he did not commercially record music (barring his contributions to The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas). Sinatra sang a variety of folk-rock oriented songs, including Judy Collins' hit "Both Sides Now" (written by Joni Mitchell) and the Glen Campbell hits "Gentle on My Mind" (written by John Hartford) and "By the Time I Get to Phoenix" (written by Jimmy Webb). The title song was released as a single, reaching #23 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #2 on the Easy Listening chart, while the album peaked at #18 on the Billboard 200 chart.

Cycletrack

Cyclic polygon

Cyclic acetal with 3-pentanone

Cyclic Elevator

Cyclic Olefin Copolymer

Cyclestherida

Cyclic groups

Cycleptus is a small genus of suckers containing two North American species. They are endemic in the Mississippi River basin in the United States.

Cycles (Brett Eldredge song)

Cyclic hydrocarbon

Cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein

A cyclic flower is a flower type formed out of a series of whorls; sets of identical organs attached around the axis at the same point. Most flowers consist of a single whorl of sepals termed a calyx; a single whorl of petals termed a corolla; one or more whorls of stamens (together termed the androecium); and a single whorl of carpels termed the gynoecium. This is a cyclic arrangement. Some flowers contain flower parts with a spiral arrangement. Such flowers are not cyclic. However in the common case of spirally arranged sepals on an otherwise cyclic flower, the term hemicyclic may be used. The suffix -cyclic is used to denote the number of whorls contained within a flower. The most common case is the pentacyclic flower, which contains five whorls: a calyx, a corolla, two whorls of stamens, and a single whorl of carpels. Another common case is the tetracyclic flower, which contains only one whorl of stamens, and therefore only four whorls in total. Tricyclic flowers also occur, generally where there is a single undifferentiated perianth. Flowers with more than five whorls are also not uncommon. The greatest variation occurs in the calyx and the androecium. Calyces of up to nine whorls have been recorded, and up to 12 whorls of stamens have been observed.

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel alpha 3

Cyclic graph

Cyclic GMP-gated cation channel

In mathematics, more specifically in ring theory, a cyclic module or monogenous module is a module over a ring that is generated by one element. The concept is analogous to cyclic group, that is, a group that is generated by one element.

In computer science, more particularly in formal language theory, a cyclic language is a set of strings that is closed with respect to repetition, root, and cyclic shift.

Cyclic convolution

Cyclic Sieving Phenomenon

Cyclic universe

Cyclic sediment

Cyclic subspace

Cyclic Shift

Cyclic Tag System

Cyclic hydrocarbons

Cyclic acetals with cyclopentanone

Cyclic neutropenia is a form of congenital neutropenia that tends to occur every three weeks and lasting three to six days at a time due to changing rates of cell production by the bone marrow. Cyclic neutropenia is often present among several members of the same family. Treatment includes G-CSF and usually improves after puberty. Cyclic neutropenia is the result of autosomal dominantly inherited mutations in ELA2, the gene encoding neutrophil elastase.

Cyclic-Amp

Cyclic model

Cyclic Defrost

Cyclic Redundancy Check

Cyclic twin

Cyclic ketals with 4-dimethylaminobenzylidene

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) is the first found in metazoa. In mammalian cells, cGAMP is synthesized by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) from ATP and GTP upon cytosolic DNA stimulation. cGAMP produced by cGAS contains mixed phosphodiester linkages, with one between 2'-OH of GMP and 5'-phosphate of AMP and the other between 3'-OH of AMP and 5'-phosphate of GMP. This molecule, referred to as 2′3′-cGAMP (cyclic [G(2’,5’)pA(3’,5’)p]), functions as an endogenous second messenger inducing STING-dependent type I interferon response. cGAMP has also been shown to be an effective adjuvant that boosts the production of antigen-specific antibodies and T cell responses in mice. cGAMP exercises antiviral functions in the cell where it is produced, but can also cross cell membranes by passive diffusion to exert effects on neighboring cells. It may even be packaged into lentivirus (such as HIV-1), poxvirus and herpes virus, and under cell culture conditions has been found to transmit an antiviral signal to the cells infected with these viruses; however, there is reason to think that at least HIV is capable of evading this mechanism by some means.

license to manufacture acquired byCycleurope
Cycles Peugeot, founded in 1882, is a Sochaux, France based manufacturer of bicycles.

Cyclic AMP receptors from slime molds are a distinct family of G-protein coupled receptors. These receptors control development inDictyostelium discoideum. In D. discoideum, the cyclic AMP receptors coordinate aggregation of individual cells into a multicellular organism, and regulate the expression of a large number of developmentally-regulated genes. The amino acid sequences of the receptors contain high proportions of hydrophobic residues grouped into 7 domains, in a manner reminiscent of the rhodopsins and other receptors believed to interact with G-proteins. However, while a similar 3D framework has been proposed to account for this, there is no significant sequence similarity between these families: the cAMP receptors thus bear their own unique '7TM' signature.

Cycleswap

Cyclemys yunnanensis

Cyclic succession is a pattern of vegetation change in which in a small number of species tend to replace each other over time in the absence of large-scale disturbance. Observations of cyclic replacement have provided evidence against traditional Clementsian views of an end-state climax community with stable species compositions. Cyclic succession is one of several kinds of ecological succession, a concept in community ecology. When used narrowly, 'cyclic succession' refers to processes not initiated by wholesale exogenous disturbances or long-term physical changes in the environment. However, broader cyclic processes can also be observed in cases of secondary succession in which regular disturbances such as insect outbreaks can 'reset' an entire community to a previous stage. These examples differ from the classic cases of cyclic succession discussed below in that entire species groups are exchanged, as opposed to one species for another. On geologic time scales, climate cycles can result in cyclic vegetation changes by directly altering the physical environment.

Cyclerval uk

Cyclic quadrilaterals

Cyclic-imide amidohydrolase (decyclizing)

Cyclic acetals with acetophenone

Cyclic di-GMP (also called cyclic diguanylate and c-di-GMP) is a second messenger used in signal transduction in a wide variety of bacteria. Cyclic di-GMP is not known to be used by archaea, and has only been observed in eukaryotes in Dictyostelium. The biological role of cyclic di-GMP was first uncovered when it was identified as an allosteric activator of a cellulose synthase found in Gluconacetobacter xylinus in order to produce microbial cellulose. In structure, it is a cycle containing only two guanine bases linked by ribose and phosphate.

Cycles of Time: An Extraordinary New View of the Universe

Cyclic microcellular foaming refers to the solid-state Microcellular plastic manufacturing technique in which the polymer is foamed sequentially. The concept was first introduced in a research article in peer-reviewed international journal, Materials Letters on Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene as the base Polymer. In the right side, the scanning electron images describes the concept of cyclic microcellular foaming. Clearly, it can be seen that with the repeated microcellular foaming, the cell size enhances significantly and simultaneously the cell wall thickness reduces. Further, in the research article, these cyclic microcellular foamed polymers were exposed to ultrasound excitations due to which the cell walls got ruptured and open cellular microstructure were developed. The further images describe the scanning electron micrographs of the influence of ultrasonic waves on the microcellular morphological attributes. Certainly, it can be clearly observed that the cells become interconnected and porous which opens up a wide new field of research in microcellular polymers.

Cycleways

Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase

Cyclic quad

Cyclic ketals with cyclopentanone

Cyclic Model

There are many terms in mathematics that begin with cyclic:
* Cyclic chain rule, for derivatives, used in thermodynamics
* Cyclic code, linear codes closed under cyclic permutations
* Cyclic convolution, a method of combining periodic functions
* Cycle decomposition (graph theory)
* Cycle decomposition (group theory)
* Cyclic extension, a field extension with cyclic Galois group
* Graph theory:
* Cycle graph, a connected, 2-regular graph
* Cycle graph (algebra), a diagram representing the cycles determined by taking powers of group elements
* Circulant graph, a graph with cyclic symmetry
* Cycle (graph theory), a nontrivial path in some graph from a node to itself
* Cyclic graph, a graph containing at least one graph cycle
* Cyclic group, a group generated by a single element
* Cyclic homology, an approximation of K-theory used in non-commutative differential geometry
* Cyclic module, a module generated by a single element
* Cyclic notation, a way of writing permutations
* Cyclic number, a number such that cyclic permutations of the digits are successive multiples of the number
* Cyclic order, a ternary relation defining a way to arrange a set of objects in a circle
* Cyclic permutation, a permutation with one nontrivial orbit
* Cyclic polygon, a polygon which can be given a circumscribed circle
* Cyclic shift, also known as circular shift
* Cyclic symmetry, n-fold rotational symmetry of 3-dimensional space

Cyclic salt

Cycleptus elongatus

Cyclic sedimentation

In telecommunications, the term cyclic prefix refers to the prefixing of a symbol, with a repetition of the end. The receiver is typically configured to discard the cyclic prefix samples, but the cyclic prefix serves two purposes:
* It provides a guard interval to eliminate intersymbol interference from the previous symbol.
* It repeats the end of the symbol so the linear convolution of a frequency-selective multipath channel can be modeled as circular convolution, which in turn may transform to the frequency domain via a discrete Fourier transform. This approach accommodates simple frequency domain processing, such as channel estimation and equalization. For the cyclic prefix to serve its objectives, it must have a length at least equal to the length of the multipath channel. The concept of a cyclic prefix is traditionally associated with OFDM systems, however the cyclic prefix is now also used in systems to improve the robustness to multipath propagation.

Cyclic ketals with acetophenone

Cyclic history

Cyclica

Cyclic orthoester

Cyclic binary code

Cyclic executive

Cyclic protein

Cyclic GMP Phosphodiesterase

Cyclic field extension

A cyclic executive is an alternative to a real-time operating system. It is a form of cooperative multitasking, in which there is only one task. The sole task is typically realized as an infinite loop in main(), e.g. in C. The basic scheme is to cycle through a repeating sequence of activities, at a set frequency. For example, consider the example of an embedded system designed to monitor a temperature sensor and update an LCD display. The LCD may need to be written twenty times a second (i.e., every 50 ms). If the temperature sensor must be read every 100 ms for other reasons, we might construct a loop of the following appearance: int main(void){ while (1) { // This loop is designed to take 100 ms, meaning // all steps add up to 100 ms. // Since this is demo code and we don't know how long // tempRead or lcdWrite take to execute, we assume // they take zero time. // As a result, the delays are responsible for the task scheduling / timing. // Read temp once per cycle (every 100 ms) currTemp = tempRead(); // Write to LCD twice per cycle (every 50 ms) lcdWrite(currTemp); delay(50); lcdWrite(currTemp); delay(50); // Now 100 ms (delay(50) + delay(50) + tempRead + lcdWrite + lcdWrite) // has passed so we repeat the cycle. }} The outer 100 ms cycle is called the major cycle. In this case, there is also an inner minor cycle of 50 ms. In this first example the outer versus inner cycles aren't obvious. We can use a counting mechanism to clarify the major and minor cycles. int main(void){ int i == 0; while (1) { // This loop is designed to take 50 ms. // Since this is demo code and we don't know how long // tempRead or lcdWrite take to execute, we assume // they take zero time. // Since we only want tempRead to execute every 100ms, we use // an if statement to check whether a counter is odd or even, // and decide whether to execute tempRead. // Read temp every other cycle (every 100 ms) if ( (i%2) == 0) { currTemp = tempRead(); } // Write to LCD once per cycle (every 50 ms) lcdWrite(currTemp); delay(50); i++; // Now 50 ms has passed so we repeat the cycle. }}

Cyclic language

Cyclic ketal with cyclopentanone

Cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitches (also c-di-GMP-II riboswitches) form a class of riboswitches that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, a second messenger used in multiple bacterial processes such as virulence, motility and biofilm formation. Cyclic di-GMP II riboswitches are structurally unrelated to cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches, though both have the same function. Cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitches were discovered by bioinformatics, and are common in species within the class Clostridia and the genus Deinococcus. They are also found in some other bacterial lineages. There is significant overlap between species that use cyclic di-GMP-I and cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitches, as both riboswitch classes are common in Clostridia. In Clostridium difficile strains, a cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch is found adjacent to a group I catalytic intron. Group I introns are ribozymes that catalyze the splicing of the RNA molecule in which they are embedded. In the riboswitch-associated case, the outcome of the splicing reaction catalyzed by the intron is controlled by the riboswitch in response to cyclic di-GMP levels. The splicing reaction is also regulated in vitro by levels of guanosine triphosphate, since group I introns require a guanosine derivative for their activity. Group I introns function as part of selfish elements, where they reduce the likelihood that the element will negatively impact the fitness of the host by interrupting a protein-coding gene. However, the group I intron associated with a cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch is not selfish since it seems to perform a useful function for the cell. They also show that natural cells use allosteric ribozymes to regulate gene expression, a mechanism commonly used in engineered aptamers but not previously observed in nature. Cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitches are a pseudoknotted structure. Most of these riboswitches conserve a structural motif that permits a bend in the relevant stem, presumably facilitating the pseudoknot. Several nucleotide positions are highly conserved, with many around the terminal loops involved in the pseudoknot interaction.

Cycles (The Doobie Brothers album)

Cyclic ketal with acetone

Cyclic progressive code

Cyclic ADP Ribose

Cyclic stress

Cyclic cubic field

Cyclic prefix for optical OFDM

Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel beta 3

Cyclic olefin copolymer

Cyclibacterium

Cyclic trimer

Cycles of wars

Cyclic ester

Cyclic corrosion testing

Cyclic cellular automaton

Cyclic negation

Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches are a class of riboswitch that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, which is a second messenger that is used in a variety of microbial processes including virulence, motility and biofilm formation. Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches were originally identified by bioinformatics as a conserved RNA-like structure called the "GEMM motif". These riboswitches are present in a wide variety of bacteria, and are most common in Clostridia and certain varieties of Proteobacteria. The riboswitches are present in pathogens such as Clostridium difficile, Vibrio cholerae (which causes cholera) and Bacillus anthracis (which causes anthrax). Geobacter uraniumreducens is predicted to have 30 instances of this riboswitch in its genome. A bacteriophage that infects C. difficile is predicted to carry a cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitch, which it might use to detect and exploit the physiological state of bacteria that it infects. The discovery of this riboswitch class answers the question of how genes are regulated in response to cyclic di-GMP levels in many different bacteria. However, some bacteria in which cyclic di-GMP has been studied lack cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches, e.g. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches are the first kind of riboswitch to be discovered whose role is not primarily in regulating metabolism, but is instead part of signaling. A second class of riboswitch that binds cyclic di-GMP is called the cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitch. The two classes of cyclic di-GMP-binding riboswitches do not share any known sequence or structural features. High-resolution three-dimensional structures of cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches have been determined using X-ray crystallography. Some homologs of the c-di-GMP-I riboswitch structure actually function a riboswitches that recognize another signaling molecule, .

A cyclic ketogenic diet (or carb-cycling) is a low-carbohydrate diet with intermittent periods of high or moderate carbohydrate consumption. This is a form of the general ketogenic diet that is used as a way to maximize fat loss while maintaining the ability to perform high-intensity exercise. A ketogenic diet limits the number of grams of carbohydrate the dieter may eat, which may be anywhere between 0 and 50g per day. The remainder of the caloric intake must come primarily from fat sources and protein sources in order to maintain ketosis (the condition in which the body burns fats and uses ketones instead of glucose for fuel).

A cyclic cellular automaton is a kind of cellular automaton rule developed by and studied by several other cellular automaton researchers. In this system, each cell remains unchanged until some neighboring cell has a modular value exactly one unit larger than that of the cell itself, at which point it copies its neighbor's value. One-dimensional cyclic cellular automata can be interpreted as systems of interacting particles, while cyclic cellular automata in higher dimensions exhibit complex spiraling behavior.

Cyclemys tiannamensis

Cyclic delay diversity

Cyclic binary (code)

Cyclen

Cyclemys platynota

Cyclic cover

Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate synthase (EC 4.1.99.18, MOCS1A, MoaA, MoaC, molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis protein 1) is an enzyme with systematic name GTP 8,9-lyase (cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction GTP cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate + diphosphate This enzyme catalyses an early step in the biosynthesis of the molybdenum cofactor.

Cyclic-AMP

Cyclic ketal with acetophenone

Cyclic permutation of number

Cyclic Poets

Cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate

Cyclic permutation of integer

Cyclic voltammetry

Cycleway in Bogota

Cycles is the tenth studio album by American rock band The Doobie Brothers. The album was released on May 17, 1989, by Capitol Records. It marked the band's reunion after breaking up in 1982. Instead of the later configurations with Michael McDonald at the helm, the band reverted to their 1972-4 lineup although Bobby LaKind who had played percussion with later configurations also rejoined. Tom Johnston, John Hartman and Michael Hossack returned to the studio lineup for the first time since 1977, 1978 and 1974 respectively. The album was largely co-written with producers and sidesmen. Bobby LaKind collaborated with former Doobie members John McFee and Keith Knudsen on "Time is Here and Gone" and Michael McDonald on "Tonight I'm Coming Through (The Border)". Two cover versions were included in the form of the Four Tops' "One Chain (Don't Make No Prison)" and the Isley Brothers' "Need a Little Taste of Love." The title of the album was taken from an unused song written by Tiran Porter. Porter later recorded the song for his 1995 solo album Playing To An Empty House. Lead track "The Doctor" was released as a single and stormed to No. 9 on Billboard's Hot 100 and No. 1 on the Mainstream Rock Chart." After this album, Bobby Lakind retired from the band because of terminal colorectal cancer, which claimed his life in 1992. The album was reissued in 2002 by One Way Records with two bonus tracks. The first was "Anything for Love", written by Bobby LaKind with Eddie Schwartz and Zeke Zirngiebel, which originally appeared on a CD single of "The Doctor". The second was an extended remix of "Need A Little Taste of Love," which had appeared on a CD single of "One Chain".

Cyclic coordinate

"The cycleonium is a computer based music instrument. Every day objects like a bicycle and a bottle, and also a propeller are put in a new context and form the base of the sound design. They lose their conventional function consequently and have to be considered as indispensable parameters of this instrument." It was developed by Daniel Dominguez Teruel from 2007–2009 and built with the support of Chiron-Werke GmbH & Co. KG. The physical and mechanical work that is required to make this sound-machine sound basically doesn’t differ from traditional musical instruments. For instance, a guitar: it sounds, respectively do we perceive it acoustically, if the strings are excited or the corpus is oscillated somehow or other. So the player expends energy and translates it into the instrument. The user and viewer of the cycleonium is to be made aware of that, in principle, musical instruments are nothing else than objects that only operate with a certain energy expenditure. The energy flow that is emerged thereby plays here a primary role. Therefore we use the word fluxus, but more in a semantically significance (lat. flux, fluidum = flow) than artistic aesthetics. Any kind of sounds require energy to sound. They have self-energy indeed, but it first has to be excited. Otherwise every sound is only a sounding abstraction (they aren’t a perpetual motion machine) that we don't hear. The player of the cycleonium produces, amongst others, kinetic energy that excites a propeller that simultaneously blows air on the aperture of a bottle: a pitched sound is audible.

Cyclic time

Cyclic redundancy

Cyclic rotation

Cyclic symmetries

Cycles of the Kings

Cyclic ketone

Cyclical

Cycleway

ELANE-Related Neutropenia

Cyclic homology

Cyclic scheduling

Cycleways in England

Cyclemys pulchristriata

Cyclic rate

Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate (cyclic GMP-AMP, cGAMP) is the first found in metazoa. In mammalian cells, cGAMP is synthesized by cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) from ATP and GTP upon cytosolic DNA stimulation. cGAMP produced by cGAS contains mixed phosphodiester linkages, with one between 2'-OH of GMP and 5'-phosphate of AMP and the other between 3'-OH of AMP and 5'-phosphate of GMP.

Cyclic ozone is a theoretically predicted form of ozone. Like ordinary ozone (O3), it would have three oxygen atoms. It would differ from ordinary ozone in how those three oxygen atoms are arranged. In ordinary ozone, the atoms are arranged in a bent line; in cyclic ozone, they would form an equilateral triangle. Some of properties of cyclic ozone have been predicted theoretically. It should have more energy than ordinary ozone. Currently, the possibility of cyclic ozone is confirmed within diverse theoretical approaches.

Cycleways in Wales

Cycles per byte

Cyclic electron flow

Cycles (song)

Cyclic alkane

Cyclic breathing

Cyclepath

Cyclic acetals with acetone

A cyclic executive is an alternative to a real-time operating system. It is a form of cooperative multitasking, in which there is only one task. The sole task is typically realized as an infinite loop in main(), e.g. in C. The outer 100 ms cycle is called the major cycle. In this case, there is also an inner minor cycle of 50 ms. In this first example the outer versus inner cycles aren't obvious. We can use a counting mechanism to clarify the major and minor cycles.

Cycles of war

Cyclic citrullinated peptide

Cyclic ketals with pentanone

Cyclic gmp

Cyclic amp-dependent protein kinases

Cyclic AMPresponsive DNAbinding protein

Cyclic group

Cycliadas was an ancient Greek statesman and general. He was the son of Damaretos of Pharae in Achaea. Elected as strategos of the Achaean League in 208 BC, he joined Philip V of Macedon at Dyme with the Achaean forces, and aided him in his invasion of Elis. In 200 BC, Cycliadas being made strategos instead of Philopoemen, the Spartan king Nabis took advantage of the change to make war on the Achaeans. Philip offered to help them, and to carry the war into the enemy's country, if they would give him a sufficient number of their soldiers to garrison Chalcis, Oreus and Corinth in the meantime. The Achaeans however mistrusted Philip, and suspected that it was a ploy to obtain hostages from them and so to force them into a war with the Romans. Cycliadas therefore answered, that their laws precluded them from discussing any proposal except that for which the assembly was summoned.In 199/8 BC, Cycliadas was expelled as a result of his position as leader of the pro-Macedonian party. In 198 BC we find him an exile at the court of Philip, whom he attended in that year at his conference with Flamininus at Nicaea in Locris. After the Battle of Cynoscephalae in 197 BC, Cycliadas was sent with Demosthenes and Limnaeus as ambassador from Philip to Flamininus, who granted the king a truce of 15 days with a view to the arrangement of a permanent peace.

cPMP; Precursor Z

Cyclic (mathematics)

Cycles of poverty

Cycles (Tove Lo song)

Cyclic salt is salt that is carried by the wind when it comes in contact with breaking waves. It is estimated that more than 300 million tons of cyclic salt is deposited on the Earth's surface each year, and it is considered to be a significant factor in the chlorine content of the Earth's river water. In general, cyclic salt deposits are lower at sites further inland and are most abundant along the shoreline, although this pattern varies depending on the given environmental conditions. Use of the term "cyclic" refers to the cycle in which the salt moves from sea to land and is then washed by rainwater back to the sea. The salt (and other solid matter) cannot evaporate as water does. Instead it leaves the ocean surface in fine droplets of drop impacts or bubble bursts. Wave-crests and other turbulence form foam. When drops splash or bubbles burst, fine droplets of solute are ejected from the water or bubble surface into the air. Some of the droplets are small enough to allow the water to evaporate before it falls back into the sea, leaving in the air a mote of the solid residue light enough to stay suspended by Brownian motion and be carried away on the wind.

Cyclic pump

Cyclic adenyl monophosphate

Cyclessa

Cycleways in Hong Kong

Cyclic guanosine 3'-5' monophosphate

Cyclic nucleotide gated channel alpha 1

Cyclic singularity

Cyclic acetal with acetone

Cyclic acetals with pentanone

Cyclic microcellular foaming

Cyclic submodule

Cyclic category

Cyclic di-GMP-II riboswitches (also c-di-GMP-II riboswitches) form a class of riboswitches that specifically bind cyclic di-GMP, a second messenger used in multiple bacterial processes such as virulence, motility and biofilm formation. Cyclic di-GMP II riboswitches are structurally unrelated to cyclic di-GMP-I riboswitches, though both have the same function.

Cycleryon

Cyclic sieve

In mathematics, and in particular in group theory, a cyclic permutation (or cycle) is a permutation of the elements of some set X which maps the elements of some subset S of X to each other in a cyclic fashion, while fixing (that is, mapping to themselves) all other elements of X. If S has k elements, the cycle is called a k-cycle. For example, given X = {1, 2, 3, 4}, the permutation that sends 1 to 3, 3 to 2, 2 to 4 and 4 to 1 (so S = X) is a 4-cycle, and the permutation that sends 1 to 3, 3 to 2, 2 to 1 and 4 to 4 (so S = {1, 2, 3} and 4 is a fixed element) is a 3-cycle. On the other hand, the permutation that sends 1 to 3, 3 to 1, 2 to 4 and 4 to 2 is not a cyclic permutation because it separately permutes the pairs {1, 3} and {2, 4}. The set S is called the orbit of the cycle. Every permutation on finitely many elements can be decomposed into cycles on disjoint orbits. The cyclic parts of a permutation are cycles, thus the second example is composed of a 3-cycle and a 1-cycle (or fixed point) and the third is composed of two 2-cycles.

Cyclemys tiannanensis

Cyclic Steam Simulation

Cyclic AMP receptor protein

Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase

Cyclic di-GMP

Cyclic coil

Cyclic group of order 2

Cyclic acetal with pentanone

Cyclic ozone

Cyclergine