African senna

For the railway, see AfricaRailThe African rail (Rallus caerulescens) is a small wetland bird of the rail family.Its breeding habitat is marshes and reedbeds across eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to South Africa. Many birds are permanent residents, but some undertake seasonal movements in response to the availability of wetland.Adults are 28–30 cm long, and have mainly brown upperparts and blue-grey underparts, with black-and-white barring on the flanks and undertail. This is the only Rallus species with a plain back. The body is flattened laterally to allow easier passage through the reeds. They have long toes, a short tail and a long slim dull red bill. The legs are red.The African rail nests in a dry location in marsh vegetation, both sexes building the cup nest. The typical clutch is 2–6 heavily spotted creamy-white eggs, which are incubated by both sexes for about 20 days to hatching Immature birds are similar to the adults, but the blue-grey is replaced by buff. The precocial downy chicks are black, as with all rails.These birds probe with their bill in mud or shallow water, also picking up food by sight. They mainly eat insects, crabs and other small aquatic animals.African rails are secretive in the breeding season, but are easier to see than many other rail species, especially in the morning. They are noisy birds, with a trilled whistled treee-tee-tee-tee-tee call.

African polyrhythm

African smoky mouse

The African reed warbler or African marsh warbler (Acrocephalus baeticatus) is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds in much of Africa south of the Sahara. It is migratory within the continent, with southern breeding population moving to the tropics in the southern hemisphere’s winter.This bird is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Eurasian reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus.This is a common species of marshy areas, with reeds sedges or rank vegetation.

African striped squirrels (genus Funisciurus), or rope squirrels, form a taxon of squirrels under the subfamily Xerinae and the tribe Protoxerini.

African military systems after 1800

African rumba

African ruvuline

African snail

The African skimmer (Rynchops flavirostris) is a near-threatened species of bird belonging to the skimmer genus Rynchops in the family Laridae. It is found along rivers, lakes and lagoons in Sub-Saharan Africa.

African pied hornbill

African rock pipit

African rice grasshopper

African pop music

The African piculet (Sasia africana), sometimes placed in the monotypic genus Verreauxia, is a species of bird in the family Picidae.It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, and Uganda. This species is described as locally common and has a very large range, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

African scurf pea

African myrtle

African tailorbird

African star flower

African mole-rat

African minority in New Zealand

African river blindness

The African marsh rat or common dasymys (Dasymys incomtus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae.It is found in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.Its natural habitats are moist savanna, temperate grassland, subtropical or tropical seasonally wet or flooded lowland grassland, and swamps.

African swine fever

African music

African pygmy-falcon

African penguins

African storybook project

African telecommunications union

African party for the independence of the masses

African spoonbill

African sharptooth catfish

African proconsulate

African theater

African punk

The African sheath-tailed bat (Coleura afra) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae found in Angola, Benin, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Yemen.Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subarctic shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, caves, and hot deserts. It is threatened by habitat loss, although still ranked as least concern.A young African sheath-tailed bat is called a pup, and a group is called a colony or a cloud.

African moon tetra

African mourning dove

African payal is a common name for several aquatic plants which are invasive in India:Salvinia auriculataSalvinia molesta

African museum of Lyon

The African thrush or West African thrush (Turdus pelios) is a passerine bird in the thrush family Turdidae. It is common in well-wooded areas over much of the western part of sub-Saharan Africa, it was once considered to be conspecific with the olive thrush but that species has now been split further. Populations are resident (non-migratory).

African stickfighting

The African superswell is a region including the Southern and Eastern African plateaus and the Southeastern Atlantic basin where exceptional tectonic uplift has occurred, resulting in terrain much higher than its surroundings. The average elevation of cratons is about 400–500 meters above sea level. Southern Africa exceeds these elevations by more than 500 m, and stands at over 1 km above sea level. The Southern and Eastern African plateaus show similar uplift histories, allowing them to be considered as one topographic unit. When considered this way, the swell is one of the largest topographic anomalies observed on any continent, and spans an area of over 10 million km2. Uplift extends beyond the continents into the Atlantic Ocean, where extremely shallow ocean depths are visible through bathymetric survey. The region can indeed be considered as one large swell because the bathymetric anomaly to the southwest of Africa is on the same order as the topographic anomaly of the plateaus (approximately 500 m).The superswell is a relatively recent phenomenon, probably beginning between 5 and 30 million years ago.

African rap in France

African striped squirrels

African teak

African pygmy

African palestinians

African protea butterfly

African rosewood is a common name for several plants and may refer to:Millettia laurentii, a legume tree from Africa and native to the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea.

African queen fritillary

African sumac

African pencil-cedar

African mathematical union

African oil palm

African spoon-Nose Eel

The African oystercatcher or African black oystercatcher (Haematopus moquini), is a large charismatic wader resident to the mainland coasts and offshore islands of southern Africa. This near-threatened oystercatcher has a population of over 6,000 adults, which breed between November and April. The scientific name moquini commemorates the French naturalist Alfred Moquin-Tandon who discovered and named this species before Bonaparte.

African spoon Nose Eel

African shrike-flycatcher

The African pied wagtail, or African wagtail, (Motacilla aguimp) is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae.

African people's congress

African sand martin

African migrant

African soft-furred rat

The African smoky mouse or smokey heimyscus (Heimyscus fumosus) is a species of rodent in the family Muridae. It is the only species in the genus Heimyscus.It is native to Central Africa, where it occurs in Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. It is a habitat specialist, living only in primary lowland forest. It is threatened by deforestation.

African map butterfly

African spoon-nose eel

African pear

African spotted catshark

African openbill stork

African spoon nose eel

The African softshell turtle or Nile softshell turtle (Trionyx triunguis) is a large species of turtle from fresh-water and brackish habitats in Africa (larger parts of East, West and Middle Africa) and the Near East (Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey). It is the only extant species from the genus Trionyx, but in the past many other softshell turtles were placed in this genus; they have now been moved to various other genera. Despite the name "African softshell turtle", it is not the only species or genus of softshell turtle in Africa (the genera Cyclanorbis and Cycloderma are also African).

African millet

African mountains

African pygmy squirrel

African minority in Lithuania

African records in swimming

African milk barrel

African migration to the united kingdom

African swamphen

African olive pigeon

African masks

African pied starling

African sheath-tailed bat

African rice

African rhythms

The African red toad or African split-skin toad (Schismaderma carens) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae.

African oak

The African redfinned barb (Enteromius camptacanthus) is a species of ray-finned fish in the genus Enteromius. It is found from the Niger Delta to the Congo Basin.

African sandhopper

African military innovation and change

African palm swift

The African pitta (Pitta angolensis) is an Afrotropical bird of the family Pittidae. It is a locally common to uncommon species, resident and migratory in the west, and an intra-African migrant between equatorial and southeastern Africa. They are elusive and hard to observe despite their brightly coloured plumage, and their loud, explosive calls are infrequently heard.

African puddle frogs

African pygmy-kingfisher

African red toad

African scrub warbler

The African rock python (Python sebae) is a large, nonvenomous snake of sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of 11 living species in the genus Python. It has two subspecies; one is found in Central and Western Africa, the other in Southern Africa.Africa's largest snake and one of the six largest snake species in the world (along with the green anaconda, reticulated python, Burmese python, Indian python, and amethystine python), specimens may approach or exceed 6 m (20 ft).

African socialism

African poison oak

African red trapdoor spider

African river prawn

African pygmy angelfish

African striped squirrels (genus Funisciurus), or rope squirrels, form a taxon of squirrels under the subfamily Xerinae and the tribe Protoxerini. They are only found in western and central Africa.African striped squirrels have been implicated in the spread of human monkeypox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.There are 9 species in the genus: Thomas's rope squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus)Lunda rope squirrel (Funisciurus bayonii)Carruther's mountain squirrel (Funisciurus carruthersi)Congo rope squirrel (Funisciurus congicus)Lady Burton's rope squirrel (Funisciurus isabella)Ribboned rope squirrel (Funisciurus lemniscatus)Red-cheeked rope squirrel (Funisciurus leucogenys)Fire-footed rope squirrel (Funisciurus pyrropus)Kintampo rope squirrel (Funisciurus substriatus)

African nightcrawler

African sugar-cane borer

African pygmy falcon

BioAcoustica 576 15 Locusta migratoria migratorioides 253b.flac

African snake-eater

African natural history

African socialism is a belief in sharing economic resources in a traditional African way, as distinct from classical socialism. Many African politicians of the 1950s and 1960s professed their support for African socialism, although definitions and interpretations of this term varied considerably. This is because African socialism has not been the product of one single thinker.

African pike characin

Locusta migratoria migratorioides, commonly known as the African migratory locust, is a subspecies of the migratory locust (L. migratoria) in the family Acrididae.It occurs in most of Africa south of the Sahara Desert, but its main breeding ground, and the original source of most plagues, is on the floodplains of the Niger River in West Africa.

African plate

African religion

African national Congress

African reed-warbler

African military systems (1800-1900)

The African river martin (Pseudochelidon eurystomina) is a passerine bird, one of two members of the river martin subfamily of the swallow family, Hirundinidae. When discovered, it was not initially recognised as a swallow, and its structural differences from most of its relatives, including its stout bill and robust legs and feet, have led to its current placement in a separate subfamily shared only with the Asian white-eyed river martin. The African river martin is a large swallow, mainly black with a blue-green gloss to the head and a greener tint to the back and wings. The under-wings are brownish, the underparts are purple-black, and the flight feathers are black. This martin has red eyes, a broad orange-red bill and a black, square tail. Young birds are similar in appearance to the adults, but have browner plumage. This species has a variety of unmusical calls, and displays both in flight and on the ground, although the purpose of the terrestrial display is unknown.The main breeding areas are in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) along the Congo River and its tributary, the Ubangi, in habitats characterised by a mixture of tropical forest types including swampy or seasonally flooded woodland. The African river martin is migratory, wintering in coastal savanna in southern Gabon and the Republic of the Congo. Breeding also occurs in these coastal areas, but it is unknown whether the migrants are raising a second brood or if there is a separate resident population. This martin feeds in flocks throughout the year, catching a variety of insects in the air, especially flying ants. It does not use perches during the breeding season, although it will often land on the ground.The African river martin nests in burrows in river sand banks, often alongside rosy bee-eaters, but its incubation and fledging times are not known. It also digs tunnels for night-time shelter when in its wintering areas. It appears to be common within its restricted range, despite being caught in large numbers by the local population for food, and large flocks are sometimes seen. However, due to a lack of detailed information about its breeding range and population numbers, this species is classed as Data Deficient by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).

African slave trade and immigration to Puerto Rico

The African savanna hare (Lepus microtis) is a species of mammal in the family Leporidae, native to Africa. It is native to diverse regions and habitats of Africa, including savannas and the Sahel. It is found in: Algeria, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, and Zambia. The IUCN has listed its conservation status as being of "least concern".

African slavery

The African sandhopper (Afrotridactylus usambaricus) is a species of pygmy mole cricket found throughout Africa south of the Sahara Desert. It prefers sandy or muddy open river banks. It has been recorded from Niokolo-Koba National Park in Senegal.

African pygmy dormouse

African red-eyed bulbul

African safari club

African river frogs

African pitta

African striped skink

African migration to the United Kingdom

African swallowtail

The African sea catfish (Arius africanus), also known as the marine catfish, is a species of sea catfish in the family Ariidae. It was described by Albert Günther in 1867. It is found in tropical brackish and freshwater in Tanzania, Madagascar, and the Pangani River. It reaches a maximum standard length of 45 cm (18 in).The diet of the African sea catfish consists of small finfish and invertebrates. It is of commercial interest to fisheries.

The African scops owl (Otus senegalensis) is a small owl which is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa.

The African sheath-tailed bat (Coleura afra) is a species of sac-winged bat in the family Emballonuridae found in Angola, Benin, the Central African Republic, the Republic of the Congo, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Nigeria, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Yemen.Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subarctic shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, caves, and hot deserts.

African savanna hare

African tetra

African medical and research foundation

The African river martin (Pseudochelidon eurystomina) is a passerine bird, one of two members of the river martin subfamily of the swallow family, Hirundinidae. When discovered, it was not initially recognised as a swallow, and its structural differences from most of its relatives, including its stout bill and robust legs and feet, have led to its current placement in a separate subfamily shared only with the Asian white-eyed river martin.

African solidarity for democracy and independence

The African snipe (Gallinago nigripennis) also known as the Ethiopian snipe, is a small stocky wader. It breeds in eastern and southern Africa in wet mountain moorland and swamps at altitudes of 1,700–4,000 m (5,600–13,100 ft). When not breeding it disperses widely, including into coastal lowlands.

African party for the independence of guinea and cape verde

African python

African revolution

African nations

* Ophisurus rostellatus (Richardson, 1848)

African parrot

African mulberry

African spur thigh tortoise

African pouched rat

The African superswell is a region including the Southern and Eastern African plateaus and the Southeastern Atlantic basin where exceptional tectonic uplift has occurred, resulting in terrain much higher than its surroundings. The average elevation of cratons is about 400–500 meters above sea level. Southern Africa exceeds these elevations by more than 500 m, and stands at over 1 km above sea level.

The African spoonbill (Platalea alba) is a long-legged wading bird of the ibis and spoonbill family Threskiornithidae. The species is widespread across Africa and Madagascar, including Botswana, Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, and Zimbabwe.

African spoon Nose eel

African slave trade

The African reed warbler or African marsh warbler (Acrocephalus baeticatus) is an Old World warbler in the genus Acrocephalus. It breeds in much of Africa south of the Sahara. It is migratory within the continent, with southern breeding population moving to the tropics in the southern hemisphere’s winter.This bird is sometimes considered to be a subspecies of the Eurasian reed warbler, Acrocephalus scirpaceus.This is a common species of marshy areas, with reeds sedges or rank vegetation. When not breeding, it may enter gardens.

African superswell

African ringlet

African red alder

African red snapper

African redfinned barb

African sea star

African theology

African military systems to 1800 refers to the evolution of military systems on the African continent prior to 1800, with emphasis on the role of indigenous states and peoples. Development of the military art generally moved from the simple to the more sophisticated as economies and cultures became more elaborate. Areas such as Carthage, Egypt and Nubia are reflected in the antiquarian period. The pre-colonial period also saw a number of military systems- from cavalry empires on the grasslands, to kingdoms in more tropical and forested areas. The emergence of the gunpowder era, alongside developments in indigenous organization and culture, was to spark far-reaching consequences cutting across all regions, with ripple effects in culture, politics and economies.All of these patterns form the continuum that is African warfare. Due to the massive number of different peoples and regions, only major military systems or armies and their development to 1800 are covered here- using the military activities of certain selected peoples or events to illustrate how military systems and innovations have developed on the continent.For events of the 19th century see African military systems (1800–1900). Coverage of the 20th century and beyond is illustrated in African military systems after 1900. For an overall view of the military history of Africa by region, see Military history of Africa. See individual battles, empires and leaders for details on other military activities in Africa.

African red knob sea star

African theatre

African swallow (disambiguation)

African snout butterfly

African nephrite

African spotted-creeper

* Lutjanus modestus (Bleeker, 1863) (ambiguous name, may not pertain to this species)

African rainforest

Tridactylus usambaricus (Sjöstedt, 1910)

African military inventions and innovations

African olive-pigeon

African standard pattern

African marsh rat

African records in Olympic weightlifting

African province

African movement of working children and youth

African straight swift

African music machine

African reed frog

The African pygmy mouse (Mus minutoides) is one of the smallest rodents. It is widespread within sub-Saharan Africa, and is kept as a pet in other parts of the world. Like the common house mouse, it is a member of the enormous superfamily Muroidea, which includes about 1000 different species.Grey to brick-red overall, it is pale on the underside and has small but prominent triangular ears. Adults are between 30 and 80 mm (1.2 and 3.1 in) long, with a 20 to 40 mm (0.79 to 1.57 in) tail, and weigh from 3 to 12 g (0.11 to 0.42 oz).African pygmy mice reach breeding age at about 6 to 8 weeks. Pregnancy lasts for around 20 days and the litter of about three young is born blind and hairless. Their eyes open after 2 weeks, and weaning is complete after 4 weeks. The lifespan is about 2 years, although individual specimens have been reported to live over 4 years in captivity.The African pygmy mouse has a number of unique traits. It stacks pebbles in front of its burrow. Overnight, the pebbles gather dew and in the morning, the pygmy mouse drinks the dew on the pebbles. After that, it retires to its den. Its method of sex determination has also been found to differ from most mammals in that rearrangements of the X chromosome have led to many XY individuals actually being female.They live in colonies or in pairs in grass close to water and are excellent climbers.

The African spoon-nose eel (Mystriophis rostellatus, also known commonly as the West coast snake eel or simply Snake eel,) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by John Richardson in 1848. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, including Mauritania and Namibia. It is known to dwell at an approximate depth of 40 metres, and inhabits lagoons and coastal waters. It leads a benthic lifestyle, burrowing into sand and mud.

African oriole

African savanna elephant

African sport

African river martin

African rainbow crab

African revolutions

The African ribbontail catshark, Eridacnis sinuans, is a finback catshark of the family Proscylliidae, found in the western Indian Ocean, from Tanzania, South Africa, and Mozambique, at depths between 180 and 480 m. It can grow up to a length of 37 cm.The African ribbontail catshark is ovoviviparous giving birth to two young per litter.The African ribbontail catshark's coloration is grey-brown.

African reed warbler

African pearwood

The African red snapper, Lutjanus agennes, is a species of snapper native to the coastal Atlantic waters of Africa from Senegal to Angola. They inhabit coral reefs and areas with rocky substrates and are also known to enter brackish waters of lagoons and rivers. This species can reach 139 cm (55 in) in total length, though most only reach 50 cm (20 in). The greatest recorded weight for this species is 60 kg (130 lb).

The African piculet (Sasia africana), sometimes placed in the monotypic genus Verreauxia, is a species of bird in the family Picidae.It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Ghana, Liberia, and Uganda.

African military systems to 1800

African raptor

African medlar

African rosemallow

African sage

The African shrike-flycatcher (Megabyas flammulatus) is a species of bird in the Platysteiridae family.

African sculpture

The African palm swift (Cypsiurus parvus) is a small swift. It is very similar to the Asian palm swift, Cypsiurus balasiensis, and was formerly considered to be the same species. This is a common species with a very wide distribution which faces no obvious threats and may be increasing in numbers as a result of the cultivation of the exotic Washington palm, so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated its conservation status as being of "least concern".

African plume

African river frog

African olive

African network information center

African night-crawler

African migratory locust

African slender-snouted crocodile

African rock python

African nationalist

African military systems to 1800 refers to the evolution of military systems on the African continent prior to 1800, with emphasis on the role of indigenous states and peoples. Development of the military art generally moved from the simple to the more sophisticated as economies and cultures became more elaborate. Areas such as Carthage, Egypt and Nubia are reflected in the antiquarian period.

The African pygmy goose (Nettapus auritus) is a perching duck from sub-Saharan Africa. It is the smallest of Africa's wildfowl, and one of the smallest in the world.Though pygmy geese have beaks like those of geese, they are more related to the dabbling ducks and other species called 'ducks'.It is one of the species to which the Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (AEWA) applies.

African mesquite

Lepus microtis

African palm-swift

African rosewood is a common name for several plants and may refer to:Millettia laurentii, a legume tree from Africa and native to the Republic of Congo, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea. The tree produces "wenge", a kind of wood.Species in the genus Guibourtia, includingGuibourtia coleosperma, a tree species found almost exclusively on Kalahari Sand in Angola, but also in nearby south-central African countries.Hagenia abyssinica, also known as East African Rosewood, is a species of flowering plant native to the high-elevation regions of central and eastern Africa.Plants named African rosewood

African small white

African rue

African porcupine

African nightshade

African moony

African pine-feeding grasshopper

African penduline tit

African ribbontail catshark

The African softshell turtle or Nile softshell turtle (Trionyx triunguis) is a large species of turtle from fresh-water and brackish habitats in Africa (larger parts of East, West and Middle Africa) and the Near East (Israel, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey). It is the only extant species from the genus Trionyx, but in the past many other softshell turtles were placed in this genus; they have now been moved to various other genera.

African party for the independence of cape verde

African peach moth

African sea catfish

African spoon nose Eel

African owl

African moth butterfly

African spoon-nose Eel

African teak is a common name for several plants and may refer to:Baikiaea plurijuga, native to the northern KalahariMilicia excelsa, also known as iroko, native to Africa from the Ivory Coast to Ethiopia and south to Angola and MozambiquePericopsis elata, also known as afrormosia, native to western Africa from the Ivory Coast to the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)Pterocarpus angolensis, native to southern Africa from Tanzania and the DRC south to South Africa

African scam e-mails

African migration to Britain

African migration to Malaysia

African sleeping sickness

African scops owl

African straight

African night adder

African sea Catfish

The African savanna hare (Lepus microtis) is a species of mammal in the family Leporidae, native to Africa. It is native to diverse regions and habitats of Africa, including savannas and the Sahel. It is found in: Algeria, Botswana, Burundi, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, the Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda, and Zambia.

African pied wagtail

African olive ibis

The African swamphen (Porphyrio madagascariensis) is a species of swamphen occurring in Egypt, Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. It used to be considered a subspecies of the purple swamphen, which it resembles, but with bronze green or green-blue back and scapulars.The African Swamphen is a mainly sedentary species that can be found in sub-Saharan Africa, including southern Africa, where it is sometimes locally common.

African politics

African scops-owl

African masked weaver

African thrush

African monarchy

African night crawler

African star grass

African striped grass mouse

African paganism

African snook

African tetras

African payal

African museum of lyon

African red devil

African poison ivy

African pencil cedar

African spurred thigh tortoise

African rail

African spadefish

African theater (disambiguation)

African renaisance monument

The African swamphen (Porphyrio madagascariensis) is a species of swamphen occurring in Egypt, Sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. It used to be considered a subspecies of the purple swamphen, which it resembles, but with bronze green or green-blue back and scapulars.The African Swamphen is a mainly sedentary species that can be found in sub-Saharan Africa, including southern Africa, where it is sometimes locally common. It is found in northern and eastern Botswana, part of Namibia, Zimbabwe, South Africa and the coast of Mozambique. In South Africa it is absent from the Northern Cape and the interior of the Eastern Cape.It has occurred as a vagrant in Israel with a record from Eilat in October 2015.The African swamphen has a preference for freshwater or brackish ponds, slow flowing rivers, especially those flanked by reeds (Phragmites) and sedges, marshes, swamps, it also occurs on seasonally flooded wetlands.The population is believed to be decreasing due to local disturbance and loss of habitat although it is not considered to be threatened.

African red-finned Barb

African rift lake

Most African sculpture was historically in wood and other organic materials that have not survived from earlier than at most a few centuries ago; older pottery figures are found from a number of areas. Masks are important elements in the art of many peoples, along with human figures, often highly stylized.

African milkweed

African monarch

African spinach

African swamp frog

African pope

African slave

African puddle frog

The African rock pipit (Anthus crenatus), also known as the yellow-tufted pipit, is a species of bird in the family Motacillidae. It is found in the high-altitude, rocky grasslands of South Africa and Lesotho.

African pygmy mouse

African softshell turtle

African potato

African redwood

African red slip ware, also African Red Slip or ARS, is a category of terra sigillata, or "fine" Ancient Roman pottery produced from the mid-1st century AD into the 7th century in the province of Africa Proconsularis, specifically that part roughly coinciding with the modern country of Tunisia and the Diocletianic provinces of Byzacena and Zeugitana. It is distinguished by a thick-orange red slip over a slightly granular fabric. Interior surfaces are completely covered, while the exterior can be only partially slipped, particularly on later examples.By the 3rd century AD, African red slip appears on sites throughout the Mediterranean and in the major cities of Roman Europe. It was the most widely distributed representative of the sigillata tradition in the late-Roman period, and occasional imports have been found as far afield as Britain in the 5th-6th centuries. African red slip ware was still widely distributed in the 5th century but after that time the volume of production and trade may well have declined. While the latest forms continued into the 7th century and are found in such major cities as Constantinople and Marseille, the breakup of commercial contacts that typified the later 7th century coincides with the final decline of the African red slip industry.The production and success of African red slip is probably closely tied to the agricultural productivity of Rome's North African provinces, as indicated in part by the contemporaneous distribution of Roman-period North African amphoras.

African sideneck turtle

African slaves

African pike

African red-tailed buzzard

African pygmy hedgehog (disambiguation)

African popes

African religions

African rap

African rap in Belgium

The African pygmy squirrel (Myosciurus pumilio) is a species of rodent in the family Sciuridae. It is monotypic within the genus Myosciurus. It is found in Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, and Gabon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss. It is the world's smallest squirrel measuring to about seventy millimeters, about the size of a mouse.

The African moon tetra (Bathyaethiops caudomaculatus) is a species of African tetra, found in slow flowing rivers of the middle and lower course of the Congo River. The fish is often kept in aquaria but little is known about is its distribution and habits.

The African red-eyed bulbul or black-fronted bulbul (Pycnonotus nigricans) is a species of songbird in the family Pycnonotidae.It is found in south-western Africa.Its natural habitats are dry savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, and riverine scrub. It feeds on fruit (including Ficus), flowers, nectar, and insects.

African moon moth

African ringnecked parakeet

African rap in the Netherlands

The African pied hornbill (Lophoceros fasciatus) is a bird of the hornbill family, a family of tropical near-passerine birds found in the Old World.The African pied hornbill is a common resident breeder in much of equatorial Africa, from The Gambia to western Uganda and northern Angola. This is a bird of mainly forest habitats. The female lays up to four white eggs in a tree hole, which is blocked off during incubation with a cement made of mud, droppings and fruit pulp. There is only one narrow aperture, just big enough for the male to transfer food to the mother and the chicks.

African snipe

African sign languages

African sawtail catshark

African red slip ware, also African Red Slip or ARS, is a category of terra sigillata, or "fine" Ancient Roman pottery produced from the mid-1st century AD into the 7th century in the province of Africa Proconsularis, specifically that part roughly coinciding with the modern country of Tunisia and the Diocletianic provinces of Byzacena and Zeugitana. It is distinguished by a thick-orange red slip over a slightly granular fabric.

African rosewood

African red slip ware

African moustached warbler

African marigold

African piculet

African redfinned Barb

African pygmy-goose

African pygmies

African swamp frogs

The African pitta (Pitta angolensis) is an Afrotropical bird of the family Pittidae. It is a locally common to uncommon species, resident and migratory in the west, and an intra-African migrant between equatorial and southeastern Africa. They are elusive and hard to observe despite their brightly coloured plumage, and their loud, explosive calls are infrequently heard. The plump, somewhat thrush-like birds forage on leaf litter under the canopy of riparian or coastal forest and thickets, or in climax miombo forest. They spend much time during mornings and at dusk scratching in leaf litter or around termitaria, or may stand motionless for long periods. Following rains breeding birds call and display from the mid-canopy.

African painted dog

African purple swamphen

African scrub-warbler

African orthodox church

African records in athletics

The African shrike-flycatcher (Megabyas flammulatus) is a species of bird in the Platysteiridae family. It is monotypic within the genus Megabyas.It is found in Angola, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ivory Coast, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, and Zambia.Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry forests and subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

African socialist

The African olive pigeon or Rameron pigeon (Columba arquatrix) is a pigeon which is a resident breeding bird in much of eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to the Cape. Populations also are found in western Angola, southwestern Saudi Arabia and northern Yemen. It is locally common, although sizeable gaps in its distribution occur due to its habitat requirements.

African russian

African martial arts

African nightshades are several species of plants in the section Solanum of the genus Solanum, that are commonly consumed as leafy vegetables and herbs. African nightshades are grown in both high and lowland areas in West and East Africa, particularly in Nigeria and Cameroon.

African pygmy goat

African mythology

African oystercatcher

African mussel

African puff-adder

African swift

The African pygmy hedgehog is either of two closely related hedgehogs:Domesticated hedgehogFour-toed hedgehog

African palm

African prehistory

African spoonnose eel

African theater of World War I

African monarchies

Locusta migratoria migratorioides, commonly known as the African migratory locust, is a subspecies of the migratory locust (L. migratoria) in the family Acrididae.It occurs in most of Africa south of the Sahara Desert, but its main breeding ground, and the original source of most plagues, is on the floodplains of the Niger River in West Africa. Much of the time this locust adopts a solitary lifestyle, but under certain conditions it becomes gregarious; the young nymphs, known as hoppers, form bands that move together and the adult insects form swarms that may reach plague proportions. Plagues of this locust took place from 1891 to 1903 and again from 1928 to 1941. After many years without outbreaks of the insects, further plagues occurred in the last two decades of the twentieth century.

African theology is Christian theology or black theology from the perspective of the African cultural context. Although there are very old Christian traditions on the continent, in the last centuries Christianity in Africa has been determined to a large extent by western forms of Christianity, brought by colonization and mission, until the mid-20th century.

African studies journals

African stink ant

Locusta migratoria migratoria recording

African pepper

African meetinghouse

African newspapers

The African sawtail catshark (Galeus polli) is a species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae. Demersal in nature, it is found at depths of 160–720 m (520–2,360 ft) off the western African coast from Morocco to South Africa. This slender species has a rather long, pointed snout, a series of dark saddles along the back and tail, and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the upper edge of the caudal fin. Its maximum known length is 46 cm (18 in).The diet of the African sawtail catshark consists of small bony fishes, squid, and crustaceans. It is the only member of its genus known to be aplacental viviparous; reproduction proceeds year-round, with females bear litters of up to 12 pups. In relatively shallower waters, this shark is caught incidentally and utilized for meat or fishmeal. The fisheries off Namibia, where it is most abundant, are well-managed and do not threaten its population. Given also that sharks in deeper waters are not significantly fished, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) has assessed this species as Least Concern.

African monsoon

African studies abstracts online

African pop

African supercup

The African red toad or African split-skin toad (Schismaderma carens) is a species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It is monotypic within the genus Schismaderma.It is found in Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and possibly Lesotho.Its natural habitats are dry savanna, moist savanna, subtropical or tropical dry shrubland, subtropical or tropical moist shrubland, subtropical or tropical dry lowland grassland, freshwater marshes, intermittent freshwater marshes, arable land, pastureland, urban areas, water storage areas, ponds, canals and ditches, and man-made karsts.

African peoples

The African pied hornbill (Lophoceros fasciatus) is a bird of the hornbill family, a family of tropical near-passerine birds found in the Old World.The African pied hornbill is a common resident breeder in much of equatorial Africa, from The Gambia to western Uganda and northern Angola. This is a bird of mainly forest habitats. The female lays up to four white eggs in a tree hole, which is blocked off during incubation with a cement made of mud, droppings and fruit pulp.

African spoon-Nose eel

African military systems (1800–1900)

African safari world

The African red snapper, Lutjanus agennes, is a species of snapper native to the coastal Atlantic waters of Africa from Senegal to Angola. They inhabit coral reefs and areas with rocky substrates and are also known to enter brackish waters of lagoons and rivers. This species can reach 139 cm (55 in) in total length, though most only reach 50 cm (20 in). The greatest recorded weight for this species is 60 kg (130 lb). It is of minor importance to local commercial fisheries, but is sought-after as a game fish.

African skimmer

African puff adder

African partition

African rock gecko

African swine flu

The African spoon-nose eel (Mystriophis rostellatus, also known commonly as the West coast snake eel or simply Snake eel,) is an eel in the family Ophichthidae (worm/snake eels). It was described by John Richardson in 1848. It is a tropical, marine eel which is known from the eastern Atlantic Ocean, including Mauritania and Namibia. It is known to dwell at an approximate depth of 40 metres, and inhabits lagoons and coastal waters. It leads a benthic lifestyle, burrowing into sand and mud. Males can reach a maximum total length of 140 centimetres, but more commonly reach a TL of 80 cm.The African spoon-nose eel feeds primarily off of small finfish, shrimps and crabs. It is of minor commercial interest to fisheries.

African rhythm

African red snappers

African people

The African rock python (Python sebae) is a large, nonvenomous snake of sub-Saharan Africa. It is one of 11 living species in the genus Python. It has two subspecies; one is found in Central and Western Africa, the other in Southern Africa.Africa's largest snake and one of the six largest snake species in the world (along with the green anaconda, reticulated python, Burmese python, Indian python, and amethystine python), specimens may approach or exceed 6 m (20 ft). The southern subspecies is generally smaller than its northern relative. The snake is found in a variety of habitats, from forests to near deserts, although usually near sources of water. The snake becomes dormant during the dry season. The African rock python kills its prey by constriction and often eats animals up to the size of antelope, occasionally even crocodiles. The snake reproduces by egg-laying. Unlike most snakes, the female protects her nest and sometimes even her hatchlings.The snake is widely feared, though it very rarely kills humans. Although the snake is not endangered, it does face threats from habitat reduction and hunting.

The African sawtail catshark (Galeus polli) is a species of catshark, part of the family Scyliorhinidae. Demersal in nature, it is found at depths of 160–720 m (520–2,360 ft) off the western African coast from Morocco to South Africa. This slender species has a rather long, pointed snout, a series of dark saddles along the back and tail, and a prominent crest of enlarged dermal denticles along the upper edge of the caudal fin.

African striped squirrel

African palmfly

African red-finned barb

* Ophichthys rostellatus (Richardson, 1848)

African performing arts

African proverb

African mosques

African pygmy hedgehog

African swallow-tailed kite

For the railway, see AfricaRailThe African rail (Rallus caerulescens) is a small wetland bird of the rail family.Its breeding habitat is marshes and reedbeds across eastern and southern Africa from Ethiopia to South Africa. Many birds are permanent residents, but some undertake seasonal movements in response to the availability of wetland.Adults are 28–30 cm long, and have mainly brown upperparts and blue-grey underparts, with black-and-white barring on the flanks and undertail.

African religions in Brazil

African snakehead

African rivuline

Most African sculpture was historically in wood and other organic materials that have not survived from earlier than at most a few centuries ago; older pottery figures are found from a number of areas. Masks are important elements in the art of many peoples, along with human figures, often highly stylized. There is a vast variety of styles, often varying within the same context of origin depending on the use of the object, but wide regional trends are apparent; sculpture is most common among "groups of settled cultivators in the areas drained by the Niger and Congo rivers" in West Africa. Direct images of deities are relatively infrequent, but masks in particular are or were often made for religious ceremonies; today many are made for tourists as "airport art". African masks were an influence on European Modernist art, which was inspired by their lack of concern for naturalistic depiction.

African military systems and innovations

African slavery in the United States

African movement for development and progress

African rhinoceros

African red slip

African starflower

African nightshades are several species of plants in the section Solanum of the genus Solanum, that are commonly consumed as leafy vegetables and herbs. African nightshades are grown in both high and lowland areas in West and East Africa, particularly in Nigeria and Cameroon. There is a large variation in diversity of the African nightshades, which have many nutritional and medicinal benefits, even though the family of nightshade is commonly known as comprising dangerous weeds or poisonous plants. Species known as African nightshade include Solanum scabrum, Solanum villosum, Solanum nigrum, and Solanum americanum. Other common names for African nightshade are Black nightshade and Narrow-leaved nightshade. Local names of African nightshade include mnavu (Swahili), managu (Kisii), namasaka (Luhya), osuga (Luo), isoiyot (Kipsigis), kitulu (Kamba), ormomoi (Maa), ndunda (Taita), and nsugga (Luganda).

African penduline-tit

African spoonnose Eel

The African pygmy mouse (Mus minutoides) is one of the smallest rodents. It is widespread within sub-Saharan Africa, and is kept as a pet in other parts of the world. Like the common house mouse, it is a member of the enormous superfamily Muroidea, which includes about 1000 different species.Grey to brick-red overall, it is pale on the underside and has small but prominent triangular ears.

African mud turtle

African pygmy goose

African milk bush

African reed frogs

African mustard

African poverty

African myrrh

African padauk

African rap in Ghana