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Grammaire egyptienne

Grammar learning algorithms

Grammatical person, in linguistics, is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person). Put in simple colloquial English, first person is that which includes the speaker, namely, "I," "we," "me," and "us," second person is the person or people spoken to, literally, "you," and third person includes all that is not listed above. Grammatical person typically defines a language's set of personal pronouns. It also frequently affects verbs, and sometimes nouns or possessive relationships.

Grammia ornata, the ornate tiger moth or achaia moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1864. It is found in western North America from southern British Columbia through the Pacific Northwest to southern California, northern Utah, and western Wyoming and Montana. It is found in a wide range of habitats, including open woodland.The length of the forewings is 18.6 mm. The ground colour of the forwewings is black with pale yellowish or pinkish-buff band. The hindwings are pale to bright yellow, orange or scarlet with black markings. Adults are on wing from mid-May to late June. Although records from August and September may indicate a partial second generation.The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants. The larvae are covered with long black hairs dorsally and laterally and with red hairs ventrally. It has a yellow-orange middorsal line.

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Grammaire égyptienne, chapter Ⅰ, page 9

In linguistics, grammatical gender is a specific form of noun class system in which the division of noun classes forms an agreement system with another aspect of the language, such as adjectives, articles, pronouns, or verbs. This system is used in approximately one quarter of the world's languages. In these languages, most or all nouns inherently carry one value of the grammatical category called gender; the values present in a given language (of which there are usually two or three) are called the genders of that language. According to one definition: "Genders are classes of nouns reflected in the behaviour of associated words."Common gender divisions include masculine and feminine; masculine, feminine and neuter; or animate and inanimate. In a few languages, the gender assignment of nouns is solely determined by their meaning or attributes, like biological sex, humanness, animacy. However, in most languages, this semantic division is only partially valid, and many nouns may belong to a gender category that contrasts with their meaning (e.g. the word for "manliness" could be of feminine gender). In this case, the gender assignment can also be influenced by the morphology or phonology of the noun, or in some cases can be apparently arbitrary.Grammatical gender manifests itself when words related to a noun like determiners, pronouns or adjectives change their form (inflect) according to the gender of noun they refer to (agreement). The parts of speech affected by gender agreement, the circumstances in which it occurs, and the way words are marked for gender vary between languages. Gender inflection may interact with other grammatical categories like number or case. In some languages the declension pattern followed by the noun itself will be different for different genders.Grammatical gender is found in many Indo-European languages (including Spanish, French, Portuguese, Russian, and German—but not Persian, for example), Afroasiatic languages (which includes the Semitic and Berber languages, etc.), and in other language families such as Dravidian and Northeast Caucasian, as well as several Australian Aboriginal languages such as Dyirbal, and Kalaw Lagaw Ya. Most Niger–Congo languages also have extensive systems of noun classes, which can be grouped into several grammatical genders. Conversely, grammatical gender is usually absent from the Koreanic, Japonic, Tungusic, Turkic, Mongolic, Austronesian, Sino-Tibetan, Uralic and most Native American language families. Modern English makes use of gender in pronouns, which are generally marked for natural gender, but lacks a system of gender concord within the noun phrase which is one of the central elements of grammatical gender in most other Indo-European languages.

Alex Shevchenko and Max Lytvyn

Grammatical ambiguity

Grammatophyllum speciosum, also called giant orchid, tiger orchid, sugar cane orchid or queen of the orchids, is a species of orchid native to Indonesia. It is listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's tallest orchid, with specimens recorded up to 7.62 metres (25 ft) in height.

*Callarctia ornata (Packard, 1864)
*Apantesis ornata
*Apantesis ornata ab. ochracea (Stretch, 1872)
*Arctia simplicior (Butler, 1881)
*Arctia achaia var. barda (H. Edwards, 1881)
*Euprepia blakei var. perpicta (Dyar, 1893)
*Arctia achaia var. maculosa (Stretch, 1906)
*Arctia achaia var. rivulosa (Stretch, 1906)
*Arctia achaia var. ochracea-rivulosa (Stretch, 1906)
*Apantesis californica (Cassino, 1917)
*Apantesis ornata ab. sulphuricella (Strand, 1919)

Grammatical gender in German is the way in which German nouns are classified to grammatical genders. All German nouns are included into one of three genders: masculine, feminine or neuter, and gender differences are not relevant in the plural form of nouns.In German, it is best to memorize nouns with their accompanying definite article in order to know their gender. However, the manner a noun and its plural are constructed and its meaning can determine the gender of about 80% of nouns.

Grammia doris, the Doris tiger moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1869. It is found in British Columbia, northern Idaho, Alberta and western Montana. In the east, it is found in the Atlantic Coast provinces and from Nova Scotia to northern Florida and west to central Texas. The habitat consists of open willow/sedge fens and probably other open wetlands in the boreal forest.The length of the forewings is about 19 mm. The forewings are light pinkish white with black markings. The hindwings are deep pink with pale rimmed black spots. Adults are on wing from June to August.The larvae feed on various herbaceous plants, including Lactuca sativa and Taraxacum officinale.

Grammia speciosa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Möschler in 1864. It is found from Labrador west to British Columbia and Alaska. The habitat consists of wetlands, bogs and sub-Arctic tundra. The species is listed as endangered in Connecticut.The length of the forewings is 13.9–15.8 mm. The forewings are black dorsally with yellowish buff to pale whitish buff lines and bands. The hindwings are yellow with black markings.

Grammar-based codes or Grammar-based compression are compression algorithms based on the idea of constructing a context-free grammar (CFG) for the string to be compressed. Examples include universal lossless data compression algorithms. To compress a data sequence x = x 1 ⋯ x n {\displaystyle x=x_{1}\cdots x_{n}} , a grammar-based code transforms x {\displaystyle x} into a context-free grammar G {\displaystyle G} . The problem of finding a smallest grammar for an input sequence is known to be NP-hard, so many grammar-transform algorithms are proposed from theoretical and practical viewpoints. Generally, the produced grammar G {\displaystyle G} is further compressed by statistical encoders like arithmetic coding.

Grammia phyllira, the phyllira tiger moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is found in North America from Quebec and New England south to Florida and west to Texas, Colorado and Alberta. The habitat consists of dry, open woodland and grassland. The species is listed as endangered in Connecticut.The forewings are about 17 mm long. The forewings are dark brown to black dorsally with creamy-buff to pinkish-buff bands.

Grammarly Inc.

Grammia doris, the Doris tiger moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1869. It is found in British Columbia, northern Idaho, Alberta and western Montana. In the east, it is found in the Atlantic Coast provinces and from Nova Scotia to northern Florida and west to central Texas. The habitat consists of open willow/sedge fens and probably other open wetlands in the boreal forest.The length of the forewings is about 19 mm.

Grammarly is a cloud-based English-language writing-enhancement platform developed by Grammarly, Inc. The software was first released in late 2009. Grammarly's proofreading and plagiarism-detection resources check more than 250 grammar rules.

Grammatobothus

Grammaire égyptienne ou Principes généraux de l’écriture sacrée égyptienne appliqué à la présentation de la langue parlée

Grammia complicata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found on south-eastern Vancouver Island and several Gulf Islands of British Columbia and Washington. The habitat consists of dry Garry oak meadows and sandy beaches.The length of the forewings is 15.7 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is black with pale buff to yellowish-ochre bands. The hindwings are pale whitish yellow, varying to yellow or rarely yellowish orange.

Grammar notation

Grammia phyllira, the phyllira tiger moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Dru Drury in 1773. It is found in North America from Quebec and New England south to Florida and west to Texas, Colorado and Alberta. The habitat consists of dry, open woodland and grassland. The species is listed as endangered in Connecticut.The forewings are about 17 mm long. The forewings are dark brown to black dorsally with creamy-buff to pinkish-buff bands. The hindwings are pink to orange pink. Adults are on wing from March to October in two or possibly three generations in the southern United States. There are two generations up to New York and southern Ontario with adults on wing from May to June and again from August to September. In the prairie provinces and central Ontario, there seems to be only one generation, with adults on wing in mid-July.The larvae feed on various low-growing plants, including corn, lupine and tobacco.

Grammarsgate was a 2007 dispute within the British Conservative Party over party policy on grammar schools. Party leader David Cameron refused to support the creation of more grammar schools instead backing Labour's policy of City Academies.Conservative leader David Cameron referred to supporters of grammars as "inverse class warriors," and stated that the idea of creating more was delusional. This angered many traditional Conservative supporters for whom grammar schools were a popular policy.

Grammatical person, in linguistics, is the grammatical distinction between deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically the distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second person), and others (third person). Put in simple colloquial English, first person is that which includes the speaker, namely, "I," "we," "me," and "us," second person is the person or people spoken to, literally, "you," and third person includes all that is not listed above.

France

Norman, 1926

Case is a special grammatical category of a noun, pronoun, adjective, participle or numeral whose value reflects the grammatical function performed by that word in a phrase, clause, or sentence. In some languages, nouns, pronouns, adjectives, determiners, participles, prepositions, numerals, articles and their modifiers take different inflected forms depending on what case they are in. As a language evolves, cases can merge (for instance, in Ancient Greek, the locative case merged with the dative), a phenomenon formally called syncretism.English has largely lost its case system, although personal pronouns still have three cases that are simplified forms of the nominative, accusative and genitive cases that are used with personal pronouns: subjective case (I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who, whoever), objective case (me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom, whomever) and possessive case (my, mine; your, yours; his; her, hers; its; our, ours; their, theirs; whose; whosever). Forms such as I, he and we are used for the subject ("I kicked the ball"), whereas forms such as me, him and us are used for the object ("John kicked me").Languages such as Sanskrit, Ancient Greek, Latin, Armenian, Hungarian, Hindi, Tibetan, Czech, Slovak, Turkish, Tamil, Romanian, Russian, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Estonian, Finnish, Icelandic, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Lithuanian, Basque and the majority of the Caucasian languages have extensive case systems, with nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and determiners all inflecting (usually by means of different suffixes) to indicate their case. The number of cases differs between languages: Esperanto has two; German and Icelandic have four; Turkish, Latin and Russian each have at least six; Armenian, Czech, Polish, Serbo-Croatian, Ukrainian, and Lithuanian have seven; Sanskrit has eight; Estonian has fourteen and Finnish has fifteen, Hungarian has eighteen and Tsez has sixty-four.Commonly encountered cases include nominative, accusative, dative, and genitive. A role that one of these languages marks by case will often be marked in English using a preposition. For example, the English prepositional phrase with (his) foot (as in "John kicked the ball with his foot") might be rendered in Russian using a single noun in the instrumental case, or in Ancient Greek as τῷ ποδί (tôi podí, meaning "the foot") with both words (the definite article, and the noun πούς (poús) "foot") changing to dative form.More formally, case has been defined as "a system of marking dependent nouns for the type of relationship they bear to their heads". Cases should be distinguished from thematic roles such as agent and patient. They are often closely related, and in languages such as Latin several thematic roles have an associated case, but cases are a morphological notion, whereas thematic roles are a semantic one. Languages having cases often exhibit free word order, because thematic roles are not required to be marked by position in the sentence.

Hieroglyphs from the Grammaire égyptienne
Grammaire égyptienne

Grammatikopoulou

Grammia ornata, the ornate tiger moth or achaia moth, is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Alpheus Spring Packard in 1864. It is found in western North America from southern British Columbia through the Pacific Northwest to southern California, northern Utah, and western Wyoming and Montana. It is found in a wide range of habitats, including open woodland.The length of the forewings is 18.6 mm.

Grammatical context

French

Grammarly

Grammatical reference work

In linguistics, grammatical gender is a specific form of noun class system in which the division of noun classes forms an agreement system with another aspect of the language, such as adjectives, articles, pronouns, or verbs. This system is used in approximately one quarter of the world's languages.

Grammarsgate was a 2007 dispute within the British Conservative Party over party policy on grammar schools. Party leader David Cameron refused to support the creation of more grammar schools instead backing Labour's policy of City Academies.Conservative leader David Cameron referred to supporters of grammars as "inverse class warriors," and stated that the idea of creating more was delusional. This angered many traditional Conservative supporters for whom grammar schools were a popular policy. The Shadow Europe Minister Graham Brady resigned over disagreements on whether grammar schools boost social mobility. and the 1922 committee denounced David Cameron's policy as "absurd".

Grammia speciosa is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Möschler in 1864. It is found from Labrador west to British Columbia and Alaska. The habitat consists of wetlands, bogs and sub-Arctic tundra. The species is listed as endangered in Connecticut.The length of the forewings is 13.9–15.8 mm. The forewings are black dorsally with yellowish buff to pale whitish buff lines and bands. The hindwings are yellow with black markings. Adults are on wing from late June to late July.The larvae probably feed on various herbaceous plants.

Grammia complicata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by Francis Walker in 1865. It is found on south-eastern Vancouver Island and several Gulf Islands of British Columbia and Washington. The habitat consists of dry Garry oak meadows and sandy beaches.The length of the forewings is 15.7 mm. The ground colour of the forewings is black with pale buff to yellowish-ochre bands. The hindwings are pale whitish yellow, varying to yellow or rarely yellowish orange. The markings are black. Adults are on wing from late May to mid-June.