Cephalomyrma

Clarke, M.R. . A Handbook for the Identification of Cephalopod Beaks. Oxford University Press, Oxford. .

Cephaloflexa

Roeleveld, M.A.C. . Tentacle morphology of the giant squid Architeuthis from the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Bulletin of Marine Science 71: 725–737.

panamensis

Cephalomanes elegans is a fern species in the genus Cephalomanes

Insecta

Cephalofovea pavimenta is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatopsidae family. The type locality is New South Wales, Australia.

Cephalopholis urodelus

Animalia

Cephalogale is an extinct genus of hemicyonid ursid which appeared in the late Oligocene through Miocene epochs, endemic to North America and Europe living from around 33.9—20 Mya, existing for about 33.9-20 million years.Before it was reconsidered to be close to the ancestry of hemicyonids, Cephalogale was once considered to be an ancestor of all bears.

Cephaloplon pedunculatum

Cephalomappinae

Cephaloglycine

Cephaloleia amblys

Jereb, P. . Family Nautilidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper, eds. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and Illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pp. 51–55.

Arthropoda

Cephalonia (theme)

Cephaloleia erugatus is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

Clarke1955

Cephaloleia

Cephalopappus is a genus of flowering plants in the daisy family.There is only one known species, Cephalopappus sonchifolius, native to eastern Brazil (States of Bahia and Rio de Janeiro).

Cephaloleia cylindrica
Staines, 1996

Cephalopod gladius

Cephaloleia splendida

Nabhitabhata, J. . Distinctive behaviour of Thai pygmy squid, Idiosepius thailandicus Chotiyaputta, Okutani & Chaitiamvong, 1991. Phuket Marine Biological Center Special Publication 18: 25–40.
Kubodera, T., Y. Koyama & K. Mori . Observations of wild hunting behaviour and bioluminescence of a large deep-sea, eight-armed squid, Taningia danae. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 274: 1029–1034.

Cephalophysis is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Teloschistaceae.

Dell1952

Cephalophus harveyi

Cephaloleia delectabilis

Teichert, C. & B. Kummel . Size of endoceroid cephalopods. Breviora Museum of Comparative Zoology 128: 1–7.

Cephalopholis panamensis

See text

Cephalophus

Dall, W.H. . The arms of the octopus, or devil fish. Science 6: 432.
Roeleveld2002
Heuvelmans, B. . Dans le sillage des monstres marins: le kraken et le poulpe colossal. Plon, Paris.
Landois, H. . Die Riesenammoniten von Seppenrade, Pachydiscus Zittel Seppenradensis H. Landois. Jahresbericht des Westfälischen Provinzial-Vereins für Wissenschaft und Kunst 23: 99–108.

IUCN3.1

Cephaloleia cyanea

Vecchione, M., K.M. Mangold & R.E. Young . Cirrata Grimpe, 1916. Tree of Life Web Project.

Cephaloleia cyanea is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Costa Rica, Colombia and Venezuela.

Berzin, A.A. . The Sperm Whale. Israel Program for Scientific Translation, Jerusalem. 393 pp. .

Cephaloedis

Cephalophyes is a genus of moths belonging to the subfamily Olethreutinae of the family Tortricidae.

Cephaloleia presignis

Hofilena2014
Llinás, R.R. . The Squid Giant Synapse: A Model for Chemical Transmission. Oxford University Press, Oxford. .

iucn3.1

Cephalophora robusta

C. elegans

[Anonymous] . How big is the colossal squid? Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

Cephalopod sucker

RoperJereb2010c

Cephaloplon

González, Á.F., Á. Guerra & F. Rocha . New data on the life history and ecology of the deep-sea hooked squid Taningia danae. Sarsia 88: 297–301.
Verrill1880
Yasuda2004

Cephalopod dermal structures

C. compressum

Boletzky1999

Cephalophyllum compressum

GR-23

Omori, M. & M. Kitamura . Taxonomic review of three Japanese species of edible jellyfish (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae). Plankton Biology & Ecology 51: 36–51.

Cephaloleia delectabilis is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Mexico.

Kirk1880

Cephalonomancy (also known as cephaleonomancy or kephalonomancy) is an ancient form of divination which used two different methods; one was concerned with the shape of the skull, somewhat like extispicy or phrenology the other involved heating the skull of an donkey or goat while reciting various phrases, often the names of criminal suspects. If the skull crackled or the jaw moved while a name was spoken, this was taken to identify the guilty party.

Cephalopod evolution

Grulke2014

Cephaloleia varabilis

Schmitzetal2013
Scott, G. & M.H. Moore . Ammonites of enormous size from the Texas Cretaceous. Journal of Paleontology 2: 273–279.

Cephalopholis urodeta, known commonly as the Flagtail Grouper or also V-tail Grouper, is a species of marine fish in the family Serranidae.

Norman, M.D. & J.K. Finn . Family Vampyroteuthidae. In: P. Jereb, C.F.E. Roper, M.D. Norman & J.K. Finn Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date. Volume 3. Octopods and Vampire Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 4, Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. pp. 268–270.
Payneetal2009
Bright, M. . There are Giants in the Sea: Monsters and Mysteries of the Depths Explored. Robson Books, London. 224 pp. .
Wood, G.L. . The Guinness Book of Animal Facts and Feats. Guinness Superlatives, London. 252 pp. .

Cephalon (trilobite)

Cephaloplatus (Cephaloplatus) elegans

Cephalophus jentinki

Dunstanetal2011
Finn2014b

Cephalopone potens

Cephaloplon pedunculatum is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, the only species in the genus Cephaloplon.

limbs

Cephalopholis polleni

Miller, A.K. & B. Kummel . Some large straight Ordovician cephalopods from Minnesota. Annals of the Carnegie Museum 30: 19–38.

Mantle of Lepidoteuthis grimaldii with the end of the dermal scales indicated by an arrow. A closeup of the scales is shown on the right. This was the first cephalopod species whose dermal structures were studied in detail.

Cephalophyes

Cephalopholis urodeta

Lewy, Z. . The function of the ammonite fluted septal margins. Journal of Paleontology 76: 63–69.

Cephaloleia uhmanni

Roper, C.F.E. & M. Vecchione . A geographic and taxonomic review of Taningia danae Joubin, 1931 (Cephalopoda: Octopoteuthidae), with new records and observations on bioluminescence. In: T. Okutani, R.K. O'Dor & T. Kubodera Recent Advances in Cephalopod Fisheries Biology. Tokai University Press, Tokyo. pp. 441–456.
RoperYoung1972
Westermann, G.E.G. . The holotype of ?Titanites occidentalis Frebold from the Kootenay sandstone of southern British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 3: 623–625.

Cephaloleia presignis is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Mexico.

Cephalopelvic disproportion

Ruhberg et al., 1988

Bolstad2003
Sanderson1956
Reidetal2005

Cephaloglipa paumomuensis is a species of beetles in the family Mordellidae, the only species in the genus Cephaloglipa.

Cephalopholis

Cephalopappus sonchifolius

Cephalophus leucogaster

Clarke, W.J. & G.C. Robson . Notes on the stranding of giant squids on the north-east coast of England. Proceedings of the Malacological Society 18: 154–158.

C. tomahmontis

Cephalopone is an extinct genus of ants in the formicid subfamily Ponerinae described from fossils found in Europe. There are two described species placed into the genus, Cephalopone grandis and Cephalopone potens. Cephalopone is one several Lutetian Ponerinae genera.

Deagleetal2005
Boletzky, S.v. . Dwarf cephalopods: conditions of reproduction at small size. Berichte der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 46: 24.
Nesis, K.N. . Biology of the Peru–Chilean giant squid, Dosidicus gigas. Okeanologiya 10: 140–152.

Cephalopods, specifically pertaining to octopuses, squids, and cuttlefishes, are most commonly represented in popular culture in the Western world as creatures that spray ink and latch onto things with their tentacles without releasing.The octopus has been used as a (usually negative) metaphor for entity which is perceived as sending out many "tentacles" from one "center" in order to exert power and control.

Species

Cephaloleia viltata

Cephalofovea pavimenta

November

Cephalon Inc.

Cephalofovea

Nigmatullin, C.M., K.N. Nesis & A.I. Arkhipkin . A review of the biology of the jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas . Fisheries Research 54: 9–19.

Reid et al., 1995

[Anonymous] . Nautilus repertus ID:118763. Shell Encyclopedia, Conchology, Inc.
Eyden, P. . Belemnites: A Quick Look. The Octopus News Magazine Online.

P.S.Green

Cephaloleia lepida is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

Ellis1998
Keil1963
Ibaetal2015

* Cephalodiplosporium elegans
* Cephalodiplosporium terricola

Cephalopods, as active marine predators, possess sensory organs specialized for use in aquatic conditions. They have a camera-type eye which consists of an iris, a circular lens, vitreous cavity (eye gel), pigment cells, and photoreceptor cells that translate light from the light-sensitive retina into nerve signals which travel along the optic nerve to the brain. For the past 140 years, the camera-type cephalopod eye has been compared with the vertebrate eye as an example of convergent evolution, where both types of organisms have independently evolved the camera-eye trait and both share similar functionality. Contention exists on whether this is truly convergent evolution or parallel evolution. Unlike the vertebrate camera eye, the cephalopods' form as invaginations of the body surface (rather than outgrowths of the brain), and consequently they lack a cornea. Unlike the vertebrate eye, a cephalopod eye is focused through movement, much like the lens of a camera or telescope, rather than changing shape as the lens in the human eye does. The eye is approximately spherical, as is the lens, which is fully internal.The crystalins used in the lens appear to have developed independently from vertebrate crystalins, suggesting a homoplasious origin of the lens.Most cephalopods possess complex extraocular muscle systems that allow for very fine control over the gross positioning of the eyes. Octopuses possess an autonomic response that maintains the orientation of their pupils such that they are always horizontal.

Plantae

Cephalopod arms and tentacles

Cephaloleia uhmanni is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Costa Rica and Panama.

Cephalon, Inc.

Anderson2003
Ellis, R. . Deep Atlantic: Life, Death, and Exploration in the Abyss. Knopf, New York. 395 pp. .

Jourdan, 1862

Cephaloleia scitulus

†Cephalogale geoffroyi

Cephalomanes

Gonzalezetal2003

In vertebrate eyes, the nerve fibers route before the retina, blocking some light and creating a blind spot where the fibers pass through the retina. In cephalopod eyes, the nerve fibers route behind the retina, and do not block light or disrupt the retina. 1 is the retina and 2 the nerve fibers. 3 is the optic nerve. 4 is the vertebrate blind spot.

Cephalopoda

Cephalopholis sexmaculata, known commonly as the Six-blotch Hind, is a species of marine fish in the family Serranidae.The Six-blotch Hind is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area, Red Sea included.The Six-blotch Hind is a medium size fish and can reach a maximum size of 50 cm length .

Cephaloleia facetus
Cephaloleia facetus is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

Stevens1985

Cephalophus ogilbyi spp. crusalbum

Cephalonyx is a genus of filamentous acritarchs known from the Precambrian and early Cambrian (and possibly other times).

Cephaloleia triangularis

Cephalonyx

Hutselletal1997

Martins & Napp, 1986

All cephalopods possess flexible limbs extending from their heads and surrounding their beaks. These appendages, which function as muscular hydrostats, have been variously termed arms or tentacles.

Cephalophus niger

Dinter & Schwantes

Clarke1956

Mammalia

Wright, C.W. & W.J. Kennedy . Origin, evolution and systematics of the dwarf acanthoceratid Protacanthoceras Spath, 1923 (Cretaceous Ammonoidea). Bulletin of the British Museum : Geology 34: 65–107.

Parker, 1965

Cephalophyllum is a genus of plant in family Aizoaceae.

Young, R.E. & K.M. Mangold . Megalocranchia Pfeffer, 1884. Tree of Life Web Project.
ClarkeRobson1929

The cephalonian method is a method of active learning for library orientation first made popular in the United Kingdom at Cardiff University. Introduced to a wider audience in 2004 by Linda Davies and Nigel Morgan, the method consists of giving the students at a library orientation class cards with prepared questions they are to ask during the session for the instructor to answer. Questions are grouped into categories and colour coded to provide some structure; the order of the questions in any section is based on the order the students choose to stand up which makes the sessions more random and reduces the repetitive nature of library induction / orientation. The name is taken from a method used for orientation of tourists at a popular resort in Cephalonia, Greece.

LepidoJoubin2 .jpg

All extant cephalopods have a two-part beak, or rostrum, situated in the buccal mass and surrounded by the muscular head appendages. The dorsal (upper) mandible fits into the ventral (lower) mandible and together they function in a scissor-like fashion. Composed primarily of chitin and cross-linked proteins, beaks are more-or-less indigestible and are often the only identifiable cephalopod remains found in the stomachs of predatory species such as sperm whales. They can be used to estimate the mantle length and total body weight of the original animal as well as the total ingested biomass of the species. Cephalopod beaks gradually become less stiff as one moves from the tip to the base, a gradient that results from differing chemical composition. In hydrated beaks of the Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas) this stiffness gradient spans two orders of magnitude.Fossilised remains of beaks are known from a number of cephalopod groups, both extant and extinct, including squids, octopuses, belemnites, and vampyromorphs. Aptychi – paired plate-like structures found in ammonites – may also have been jaw elements.The beak may also be referred to as the mandibles or jaws.

Cephaloflexa araucariana

Kirk, T.W. . Brief description of a new species of large decapod (Architeuthis longimanus). Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 20: 34–39.
Larson, R.J. . Water content, organic content, and carbon and nitrogen composition of medusae from the northeast Pacific. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 99: 107–120.

Cephalodiplosporium

Cephalopod aggression

elegans

Cephalophus nigrifrons

Nomόs Κefallenίas

Larsonetal1997

Cephalopod tail

OShea2003c
OmoriKitamura2004
Nilssonetal2012
Finn, J.K. . Family Alloposidae. In: P. Jereb, C.F.E. Roper, M.D. Norman & J.K. Finn Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date. Volume 3. Octopods and Vampire Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 4, Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. pp. 225–228.
Zeidler1981

Arm of Illex illecebrosus with two rows of suckers along its length

Cephalomappa

Cephaloleia weisei

Murray, A. . Capture of a gigantic squid at Newfoundland. American Naturalist 8: 120–123. [See also correction: Gigantic cuttle-fishes of Newfoundland. American Naturalist 8: 226–227.]
OliveroZinsmeister1989

C.G.D.Nees & C.F.P.Martius

Cephalopods

MeekGoddard1926

Bloch & Schneider, 1801

Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Mastigoteuthidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 250–256.
Verrill, A.E. . The colossal cephalopods of the North Atlantic. American Naturalist 9: 21–36.
Stevens, G.R. . A revision of the Lytoceratinae including Lytoceras taharoaense n. sp., Upper Jurassic, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics 28: 153–185.
Keil, A. . Riesentintenfische aus dem Pottwal-Magen. Natur und Museum 93: 319–323.

Cephaloleia lepida

Wood1982

Cephalomanes bauerianum

Vermeij, G.J. . Gigantism and its implications for the history of life. PLoS ONE 11: e0146092.
Nilsson, D.-E., E.J. Warrant, S. Johnsen, R. Hanlon & N. Shashar . A unique advantage for giant eyes in giant squid. Current Biology 22: 683–688.

Cephalopod eyes

Cephaloflexa araucariana is a species of Brazilian land planarian in the subfamily Geoplaninae.

Cephalopholis nigripinnis, known commonly as the Darkfin Hind, is a species of marine fish in the family Serranidae.The Darkfin Hind is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indian Ocean, Red Sea excluded.The Darkfin Hind is a medium size fish and can reach a maximum size of 28 cm length.

Cephalophyllum confusum

Cephalogram

Finn, J.K. . Family Argonautidae. In: P. Jereb, C.F.E. Roper, M.D. Norman & J.K. Finn Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date. Volume 3. Octopods and Vampire Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 4, Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. pp. 228–237.

Cephalodiplosporium elegans

Finn2014a
Wolff, G.A. . A beak key for eight eastern tropical Pacific cephalopod species with relationships between their beak dimensions and size. Fishery Bulletin 80: 357–370.
Knop, D. . Giant Clams: A Comprehensive Guide to the Identification and Care of Tridacnid Clams. Dähne Verlag, Ettlingen.
Boletzky, S.v. . A lower limit to adult size in coleoid cephalopods: elements of a discussion. Berliner Paläobiologische Abhandlungen 3: 19–28.

right

Arkhipkin, A., R. Weis, N. Mariotti & Z. Shcherbich . 'Tailed' cephalopods. Journal of Molluscan Studies 81: 345–355.
Clarke, M.R. . The identification of cephalopod "beaks" and the relationship between beak size and total body weight. Bulletin of the British Museum , Zoology 8: 419–480.
Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Onychoteuthidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 348–369.
Rosewater, J.R. . The family Tridacnidae in the Indo-Pacific. Indo-Pacific Mollusca 1: 347–408.

Cephalolepis

Yasuda, T. . 日本近海における巨大エチゼンクラゲ Nemopilema nomurai の大発生について. [On the unusual occurrence of the giant medusa, Nemopilema nomurai in Japanese waters.] Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries 70: 380–386.

Cephalometry is the study and measurement of the head, usually the human head, especially by medical imaging such as radiography. Craniometry, the measurement of the cranium (skull), is a large subset of cephalometry. Cephalometry also has a history in Phrenology, which is the study of personality and character as well as Physiognomy, which is the study of facial features. Cephalometry as applied in a comparative anatomy context informs biological anthropology. In clinical contexts such as dentistry and oral and maxillofacial surgery, cephalometric analysis helps in treatment and research; cephalometric landmarks guide surgeons in planning and operating.

December

Cephalophus ogilbyi brookei

Iba, Y., S.-I. Sano & M. Goto . Large belemnites were already common in the Early Jurassic—new evidence from central Japan. Paleontological Research 19: 21–25.
ArkhipkinLaptikhovsky2010
Schlegelmilch1998
RoperJereb2010e

C. formosa

Cephalopods, as active marine predators, possess sensory organs specialized for use in aquatic conditions. They have a camera-type eye which consists of an iris, a circular lens, vitreous cavity (eye gel), pigment cells, and photoreceptor cells that translate light from the light-sensitive retina into nerve signals which travel along the optic nerve to the brain.

Summesberger, H. . Eine obersantone Ammonitenfauna aus dem Becken von Gosau (Oberösterreich). Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums Wien 82: 109–176.

A cephalohaematoma (British English) or cephalohematoma (American English) is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of any age human, including a newborn baby secondary to rupture of blood vessels crossing the periosteum. Because the swelling is subperiosteal its boundaries are limited by the individual bones, in contrast to a Caput succedaneum.

Carbayo & Leal-Zanchet, 2003

Reid2005

Cephaloleia varabilis is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Colombia and Panama.

Dunstan, A.J., P.D. Ward & N.J. Marshall . Nautilus pompilius life history and demographics at the Osprey Reef Seamount, Coral Sea, Australia. PLoS ONE 6: e16312.

C. urodelus

Cephalopholis panamensis is a grouper fish from the Eastern Pacific Ocean. It is common and shy, and occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 31 cm in length.

Cephalopholis nigripinnis

Rosa, R. & B.A. Seibel . Slow pace of life of the Antarctic colossal squid. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 90: 1375–1378.

Sparganophorus sonchifolius (Nees & Mart.) Spreng. )

Cephaloleia scitulus is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

Forch1998
HarasewychMoretzsohn2010

Cephalopholis formosa

KennedyCobban1990

Newborn scalp haematomata

NormanFinn2014

Cephalophora scaposa

Anonymous2000

Subspecies

Korabelnikov, L.V. . The diet of sperm whales in the Antarctic seas. Priroda 3: 103–104.

Cephaloleia eumorpha

Cephalogale

Clarke1966

C. confusum

Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Thysanoteuthidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 384–387.

Cephalopappus

Yukhov1974

Cephalofovea tomahmontis

Cephaloleia rubra is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Trinidad.

Cerullo, M.M. & C.F.E. Roper . Giant Squid: Searching for a Sea Monster. Capstone Press, North Mankato. 48 pp. .
Nesis, K.N. . Abridged key to the cephalopod mollusks of the world's ocean. Light and Food Industry Publishing House, Moscow. 385+ii pp. [Translated into English by B.S. Levitov, ed. by L.A. Burgess . . Cephalopods of the World: Squids, Cuttlefishes, Octopuses, and Allies. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City.]

Cephalophus silvicultor

Cephaloglipa paumomuensis

Alexander1998
Vermeij2016
Westermann1966
Clarke, M.R. . Cephalopoda in the diet of sperm whales of the southern hemisphere and their bearing on sperm whale biology. Discovery Reports 37: 1–324.

Cephalopod fins, sometimes known as wings, are paired flap-like locomotory appendages. They are found in ten-limbed cephalopods (including squid, bobtail squid, cuttlefish, and Spirula) as well as in the eight-limbed cirrate octopuses and vampire squid. Many extinct cephalopod groups also possessed fins. Nautiluses and the more familiar incirrate octopuses lack swimming fins. An extreme development of the cephalopod fin is seen in the bigfin squid of the family Magnapinnidae.Fins project from the mantle and are often positioned dorsally. In most cephalopods, the fins are restricted to the posterior end of the mantle, but in cuttlefish and some squid they span the mantle's entire length.Fin attachment varies greatly among cephalopods, though in all cases it involves specialised fin cartilage (which reaches its greatest development in Octopodiformes). A fin may be attached to the internal shell or shell remnant (such as the gladius), to the opposite fin, to the mantle, or a combination of these.

Paxton2016
Landman, N.H., J.K. Cochran, R. Cerrato, J. Mak, C.F.E. Roper & C.C. Lu . Habitat and age of the giant squid (Architeuthis sanctipauli) inferred from isotopic analyses. Marine Biology 144: 685–691.
Dall1885

C. polleni

OShea2003b

Illex illecebrosus arm.jpg

*Trichomanes bauerianum (Endl. )
*Callistopteris baueriana ( Copel. )

Heuvelmans2003
Glaubrecht, M. & M.A. Salcedo-Vargas . The Humboldt squid Dosidicus gigas : history of the Berlin specimen, with a reappraisal of other pelagic gigantic cephalopods . Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe 80: 53–69.
Anonymous2003c

Cephalonia (Greek: Κεφαλληνία) is a parliamentary constituency returning one MP to the Greek Parliament. It comprises the Cephalonia Prefecture.

Lovis2011
Grulke2016
NichollsIsaak1987

Cephaloleia triangularis is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Costa Rica.

Cephalopholis boenak

Vecchioneetal2011

P12

HochbergFields1980
Nesis1987
O'Shea, S. . Haliphron atlanticus — a giant gelatinous octopus. Biodiversity Update 5: 1.

Cephalofovea cameroni is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatopsidae family. The type locality is New South Wales, Australia.

MillerKummel1944
Poulton, T.P. . Jurassic (Oxfordian) ammonites from the Fernie Formation of Western Canada: a giant peltoceratinid, and Cardioceras canadense Whiteaves. Contributions to Canadian Paleontology, Geological Survey of Canada, Bulletin 396: 173–179.

Cephalodiplosporium elegans is a species of fungi in the Nectriaceae.

[Anonymous] . Nautilus repertus ID:118764. Shell Encyclopedia, Conchology, Inc.
Staub, F. . Requin bleu, calmar géant et cachalot. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Arts and Sciences of Mauritius 5: 141–145.
Starkey, J.D. . I saw a sea monster. Animals 2: 629, 644.

Cephalofovea clandestina is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatopsidae family. The type locality is New South Wales, Australia.

Lepidoteuthis grimaldii scales.jpg

Scully, T. . Neuroscience: The great squid hunt. Nature 454: 934–936.
Winkelmannetal2013
Vecchioneetal2010

Cephaloleia eumorpha is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

Vecchioneetal2008
Kubodera, T., U. Piatkowski, T. Okutani & M.R. Clarke . Taxonomy and zoogeography of the family Onychoteuthidae (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 586: 277–291.
Reid, A., P. Jereb, & C.F.E. Roper . Family Sepiidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper, eds. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pp. 57–152.

Cephalophus spadix

Geoplana bergi

Clarke1986
Ellis1996

Cephalopholis fulva

RoperJereb2010f
Kirk1888

Cephalopholis taeniops

Cephalophyllum compressum is a species of plant in the Aizoaceae family. It is endemic to Namibia. Its natural habitats are dry savanna and subtropical or tropical dry shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss.

RosaSeibel2010
Ellis, R. . The Search for the Giant Squid. Lyons Press, London. 322 pp. .
Kirk, T.W. . On the occurrence of giant cuttlefish on the New Zealand coast. Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute 12: 310–313.

Cephalomanes is a fern genus in the family Hymenophyllaceae.

Cephaloflexa araucariana, head on the top right

Vecchione, M., R.E. Young, Á. Guerra, D.J. Lindsay, D.A. Clague, J.M. Bernhard, W.W. Sager, Á.F. González, F.J. Rocha & M. Segonzac . Cephalopods in Action. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History.

Cephalofovea cameroni

Cephaloleia formosus

Cephalopachus bancanus

Cephalophysis leucospila

Teichert1927

*C. grandis
*C. potens

Cheiridopsis denticulata

Greshko2016

Cephalon Inc

ScheelAnderson2012

Cephalonia Prefecture

Dell, R.K. . The Recent Cephalopoda of New Zealand. Dominion Museum Bulletin 16: 1–157.
Pisor2005

Cephalon (trilobite anatomy)

Knop1996

Cephaloleia erugatus

Eyden2003a

bauerianum

Cephalopod arm

Cosgrove1987
Leith1942
[Anonymous] . Spirula spirula ID:126690. Shell Encyclopedia, Conchology, Inc.
Verrill, A.E. . The cephalopods of the north-eastern coast of America. Part I. The gigantic squids (Architeuthis) and their allies; with observations on similar large species from foreign localities. Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences 5: 177–257.

Cephalopholis spiloparaea, known commonly as the strawberry hind or orange-red pigmy grouper, is a species of marine fish in the family Serranidae.The strawberry hind is widespread throughout the tropical waters of the Indo-Pacific area, Red Sea excluded.The orange-red pigmy grouper is a medium size fish and can reach a maximum size of 30 cm length.

Cephalonia (constituency)

Cephalopodum

Cephaloglipa

Reid, A. . Family Spirulidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper, eds. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pp. 211–212.
Vecchione, M., T. Kubodera & R.E. Young . Taningia danae Joubin 1931. Tree of Life Web Project.

Cephalomanes bauerianum is a fern in the Hymenophyllaceae family. The specific epithet honours the Austrian botanical artist, Frederick Lucas Bauer (1760–1826), who collected plants on Norfolk Island in 1804–1805.

Cephalophus ogilbyi crusalbum

Cephaloleia splendida is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Costa Rica and Panama.

Stevens, G.R. . Giant ammonites: a review. In: J. Wiedmann & J. Kullmann Cephalopods – Present and Past: O.H. Schindewolf Symposium Tübingen 1985. E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart. pp. 141–166.
Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Chiroteuthidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 135–145.
Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Octopoteuthidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 262–268.
Anderton, H.J. . World's largest squid landed in NZ. The official website of the New Zealand Government.

Cephalophus zebra

Kuboderaetal1998
Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Pholidoteuthidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 370–373.
Flower, R.H. . Status of endoceroid classification. Journal of Paleontology 29: 329–371.
Barrat2015

Cephaloedium

Cephalopod fin

Kubodera, T. & H. Horikawa . Cephalopod fauna around Nansei Islands, southern Japan. In: K. Hasegawa, G. Shinohara & M. Takeda Deep-sea Fauna and Pollutants in Nansei Islands. National Science Museum Monographs No. 29. National Science Museum, Tokyo. pp. 191–223.
Daniel1925
Roper, C.F.E. & E.K. Shea . Unanswered questions about the giant squid Architeuthis illustrate our incomplete knowledge of coleoid cephalopods. American Malacological Bulletin 31: 109–122.
Teichert, C. . Der estländische Glint. Natur und Museum 57: 264–272.
Zuyev, G., C. Nigmatullin, M. Chesalin & K. Nesis . Main results of long-term worldwide studies on tropical nektonic oceanic squid genus Sthenoteuthis: an overview of the Soviet investigations. Bulletin of Marine Science 71: 1019–1060.
Dozier1976

Cephalopod egg fossil

Cephalophus weynsi

Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Cranchiidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 148–178.

H. Kilias

C. grandis holotype

WRS
WoodODor2000

Cephalophysa is a genus of tephritid or fruit flies in the family Tephritidae.

Roeleveld, M.A.C. . Giant squid beaks: implications for systematics. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80: 185–187.
Okutani, T. . Megalocranchia maxima Pfeffer, 1884. In: Cuttlefishes and Squids of the World: New Edition. National Cooperative Association of Squid Processors. 246 pp. .
ODoretal1986
WrightKennedy1980

Cephalopod beak

Cephalophus maxwellii

Cephalophinae

Cephalodynerus

Landois1898

Cephalophus nigrifrons rubidus

Eyden2003b

Cephalofovea clandestina

body
RoperJereb2010g

Cephaloleia brunnea

Trueman1940
Anderson, R.C. . A preliminary report on bioaccumulation in octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini). In: T.W. Droscher & D.A. Fraser Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Research Conference. Puget Sound Partnership, Olympia. 5 pp.

Cephalodiplosporium is a genus of fungi in the Nectriaceae.

YoungMangold2010
Landmanetal2004
OShea2003a

Cephalophus is a mammal genus which contains two species of duiker, a type of small antelope.

Nomos Kefallinias.png

Youngetal2015

Cephalomanes elegans

Reid, A. & P. Jereb . Family Sepiolidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper, eds. Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 1. Chambered nautiluses and sepioids (Nautilidae, Sepiidae, Sepiolidae, Sepiadariidae, Idiosepiidae and Spirulidae). FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 1. FAO, Rome. pp. 153–203.

Cephalodynerus is a nearctic genus of potter wasps with six species.

spiloparaea

Guerra, Á., Á.F. González, S. Pascual & E.G. Dawe . The giant squid Architeuthis: an emblematic invertebrate that can represent concern for the conservation of marine biodiversity. Biological Conservation 144: 1989–1997.

Cephalopholis miniatus

Cephaloleia rubra

AdelmanGilbert1990

Cephalohaematoma

Cephalopod eye

Daniel, R.J. . Animal Life in the Sea. Hodder & Stoughton, London. 119 pp.
Lynch, M. . The Search for the Ocean's Super Predator. Australian Broadcasting Corporation.
JerebVecchioneRoper2010

Cephalophora grandiflora

Heuvelmans, B. . The Kraken and the Colossal Octopus: In the Wake of Sea-Monsters. Kegan Paul International, London. xv + 332 pp. .

Cephalopod mandibles

Walker2010
Bolstad, K.S.R. . Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Ph.D. thesis, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland.
Rosewater1965

Cephalopolysyndactyly syndrome

Cosgrove, J.A. & N. McDaniel . Super Suckers: The Giant Pacific Octopus and Other Cephalopods of the Pacific Coast. Harbour Publishing, Madeira Park. .

Cephalophus sylvicultor

Cephalomelittia

[Anonymous] . Humboldt Squid, Giant Squid, Giant Humboldt Squid, Calamar Gigante, Rojo Diablo (Dosidicus gigas). MexFish.com.

Cephalopod fins, sometimes known as wings, are paired flap-like locomotory appendages. They are found in ten-limbed cephalopods (including squid, bobtail squid, cuttlefish, and Spirula) as well as in the eight-limbed cirrate octopuses and vampire squid. Many extinct cephalopod groups also possessed fins. Nautiluses and the more familiar incirrate octopuses lack swimming fins.

Cephalomappa sinensis

Cephalopod tentacle

Fairbairn, D.J. . Introduction: the enigma of sexual size dimorphism. In: D.J. Fairbairn, W.U. Blanckenhorn & T. Székely Sex, Size and Gender Roles: Evolutionary Studies of Sexual Size Dimorphism. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 1–10. .

Cephalopod wings

Iwai, E. . Descriptions on unidentified species of dibranchiate cephalopods. I. An oegopsiden squid belonging to the genus Architeuthis. The Scientific Reports of the Whale Research Institute 11: 139–151.

*Cephalodynerus deformiceps
*Cephalodynerus longissimus (Gusenleitner, 1995)
*Cephalodynerus platycerus
*Cephalodynerus russipes
*Cephalodynerus sculleni (Parker, 1964)
*Cephalodynerus unicornis (Parker, 1964)

Arkhipkinetal2015

Cephalopholis urodelus is a grouper fish from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 28 cm (11 in) in length.

Cephalopathy

Smith, 1827

High1976
MacGinitieMacGinitie1968

formosa

O'Shea, S. & K. Bolstad . Giant Squid and Colossal Squid Fact Sheet. The Octopus News Magazine Online.

Cephalopholis argus

howbig
Hochberg, F.G. & W.G. Fields . Cephalopoda: The Squids and Octopuses. In: R.H. Morris, D.P. Abbott & E.C. Haderlie Intertidal Invertebrates of California. Stanford University Press, Stanford. pp. 429–444. .
Landois1895
High, W.L. . The giant Pacific octopus. Marine Fisheries Review 38: 17–22.
RoperVoss1983

Cephalohematoma

November 2016

incertae sedis

McClain, C.R., M.A. Balk, M.C. Benfield, T.A. Branch, C. Chen, J. Cosgrove, A.D.M. Dove, L.C. Gaskins, R.R. Helm, F.G. Hochberg, F.B. Lee, A. Marshall, S.E. McMurray, C. Schanche, S.N. Stone & A.D. Thaler . Sizing ocean giants: patterns of intraspecific size variation in marine megafauna. PeerJ 3: e715.

Cephalophus rubidis

Roperetal1984
Matthews1938
Manger, W.L., L.K. Meeks & D.A Stephen . Pathologic Gigantism in Middle Carboniferous Cephalopods, Southern Midcontinent, United States. In: F. Olóriz & F.J. Rodríguez-Tovar Advancing Research on Living and Fossil Cephalopods. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. pp. 77–89.
Wolff1984
KinNiedzwiedzki2012
Mitsukuri, K. & S. Ikeda . Notes on a gigantic cephalopod. Zoological Magazine 7: 39–50.

Cephalopholis sexmaculata

Ghiselin1974
Norman, M.D. . Cephalopods: A World Guide. ConchBooks, Hackenheim. 320 pp. .

Cephalomelittia is a genus of moths in the Sesiidae family.

Clarke, A., M.R. Clarke, L.J. Holmes & T.D. Waters . Calorific values and elemental analysis of eleven species of oceanic squids . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 65: 983–986.

Kamyschko, 1961

Cephalopholis taeniops is a species of grouper that occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. The common length is 40 cm (maximum size 70 cm). It lives in the Eastern Atlantic: Western Sahara to Angola, including Cape Verde and the São Tomé and Príncipe islands; also recorded from the Mediterranean.

Yukhov, V.L. . The discovery of giant squids. Priroda [1974]: 60–63.

Cephalopods exhibit various dermal structures on their mantles and other parts. These may take the form of conspicuous warts, cushions, papillae or scales, though in many species they are microscopic tubercles. The most elaborate forms are found among the oceanic squid of the order Teuthida.

Cephalopod pen

beak

†C. shareri

Cephalopholis spiloparaea

Ley1959
[Anonymous] . The beak of the colossal squid. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

The cephalonian method is a method of active learning for library orientation first made popular in the United Kingdom at Cardiff University. Introduced to a wider audience in 2004 by Linda Davies and Nigel Morgan, the method consists of giving the students at a library orientation class cards with prepared questions they are to ask during the session for the instructor to answer.

Norman2000

†C. ginesticus
†C. gergoviensis

Cephaloleia amblys is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

Cephalopholis fulva is a species of grouper from the Western Atlantic that occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a total length of 41cm .

Vecchioneetal2001a

Cephalonian method

Cephalophyllum

Farquhar2014

Cephalopod Lodge

All extant cephalopods have a two-part beak, or rostrum, situated in the buccal mass and surrounded by the muscular head appendages. The dorsal (upper) mandible fits into the ventral (lower) mandible and together they function in a scissor-like fashion. Composed primarily of chitin and cross-linked proteins, beaks are more-or-less indigestible and are often the only identifiable cephalopod remains found in the stomachs of predatory species such as sperm whales.

Tsuchiya, K. & T. Okutani . Rare and interesting squids in Japan -X. Recent occurrences of big squids from Okinawa. Venus 52: 299-311.
Nicholls, E.L. & H. Isaak . Stratigraphic and taxonomic significance of Tusoteuthis longa Logan from the Pembina Member, Pierre Shale , of Manitoba. Journal of Paleontology 61: 727–737.

Cephalomanes javanicum

Diakonoff, 1973

TeichertKummel1960
Sanderson, I.T. . Follow the Whale. Little, Brown and Co., Boston. 423 pp.

Cephalolepis leucocephalus

Anonymous2003a
Rees1950
Harasewych, M.G. & F. Moretzsohn . The Book of Shells: A lifesize guide to identifying and classifying six hundred shells. A & C Black Publishers, London. .
Newman, M. . Life in a Fishbowl: Confessions of an Aquarium Director. Douglas & McIntyre, Vancouver. ix + 262 pp. .
Roper, C.F.E. & R.E. Young . First records of juvenile giant squid, Architeuthis (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 85: 205–222.
Iwai1956
Clarke1897

C. boenak

Frey1995

Cephalopods in popular culture

Cephalonia Massacre

Alexander, R.M. . All-time giants: the largest animals and their problems. Palaeontology 41: 1231–1245.
Gröger, J., U. Piatkowski & H. Heinemann . Beak length analysis of the Southern Ocean squid Psychroteuthis glacialis (Cephalopoda: Psychroteuthidae) and its use for size and biomass estimation. Polar Biology 23: 70–74.

H. Kilias & Scheid.)

Schlegelmilch, R. . Die Belemniten des süddeutschen Jura: Ein Bestimmungsbuch für Geowissenschaftler und Fossiliensammler. Gustav Fisher, Stuttgart. .
Trueman, A.E. . The ammonite body-chamber, with special reference to the buoyancy and mode of life of the living ammonite. The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 96: 339–383.

Gorbunov & Arita, 1995

Cephaloflexa is a genus of land planarians from Brazil.

A cephalogram is an X-ray of the craniofacial area. A cephalometric analysis could be used as means for measuring growth in children.The lateral cephalogram is a profile x-ray of the skull and soft tissues and is used to assess the relation of the teeth in the jaws, the relation of the jaws to the skull and the relation of the soft tissues to the teeth and jaws. In children, growth predictions can be made and we can also determine the changes that have occurred with treatment. In adults, treatment can be predicted with varying degrees of accuracy and results quantified.

Poulton1989
Paxton, C.G.M. . Unleashing the Kraken: on the maximum length in giant squid . Journal of Zoology 300: 82–88.

Cephalodia (singular cephalodium) are small gall-like structures found in some species of lichens that contain cyanobacterial symbionts. Cephalodia can occur within the tissues of the lichen, or on its upper or lower surface. Lichens that have both green algal and cyanobacterial symbionts restrict the cyanobacteria to cephalodia. Lichens that have only cyanobacterial symbionts do not have cephalodia: instead the cyanobacteria are widely distributed throughout the lichen. Lichens with cephalodia can fix nitrogen, and can be an important contributor of nitrogen to the ecosystem.

Cephalophus natalensis

polleni

Norman, M.D., D. Paul, J. Finn & T. Tregenza . First encounter with a live male blanket octopus: the world's most sexually size‐dimorphic large animal. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 36: 733–736.

Cephaloleia formosus is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

Cephaloleia brunnea is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Trinidad.

Rees, W.J. . On a giant squid, Ommastrephes caroli Furtado stranded at Looe, Cornwall. Bulletin of the British Museum , Zoology 1: 29–42.
Heuvelmans1958

Cephaloleia weisei is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

ScottMoore1928
Norman, M.D., J.K. Finn & F.G. Hochberg . Family Octopodidae. In: P. Jereb, C.F.E. Roper, M.D. Norman & J.K. Finn Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of cephalopod species known to date. Volume 3. Octopods and Vampire Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes. No. 4, Vol. 3. FAO, Rome. pp. 36–215.

commun

Mangeretal1999

Dlussky & Wedmann, 2012

Bolstad2008
RoperVecchione1993
Kuboderaetal2016

Cephalophus ogilbyi

Berzin1972

†Hemicyoninae

Griggs2003
Wolff, G.A. . Identification and estimation of size from the beaks of 18 species of cephalopods from the Pacific Ocean. NOAA Technical Report NMFS 17, NOAA/National Marine Fisheries Service.

Cephalopod egg fossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by cephalopods. The fossil record of cephalopod eggs is scant since their soft, gelatinous eggs decompose quickly and have little chance to fossilize. Eggs laid by ammonoids are the best known and only a few putative examples of these have been discovered. The best preserved of these were discovered in the Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay of England.

O'Shea, S. . The giant octopus Haliphron atlanticus (Mollusca : Octopoda) in New Zealand waters. New Zealand Journal of Zoology 31: 7–13.
Clarke, R. . Sperm whales of the Azores. Discovery Report 28: 237–298.
Pisor, D.L. . Registry of World Record Size Shells. Fourth edition. ConchBooks, Hackenheim. 171 pp. .

C. paumomuensis

Cephalophus rufilatus

Cephalophus callipygus

Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Magnapinnidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 247–249.

Cephalophores

Kennedy, W.J. & W.A. Cobban . Cenomanian micromorphic ammonites from the Western Interior of the USA. Palaeontology 33: 379–422.
Wood, J.B. & R.K. O'Dor . Do larger cephalopods live longer? Effects of temperature and phylogeny on interspecific comparisons of age and size at maturity. Marine Biology 136: 91–99.
[Anonymous] . The arms and tentacles. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.
Verrill, A.E. . The colossal cephalopods of the North Atlantic, II. American Naturalist 9: 78–86.
Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Lepidoteuthidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 239–240.
Cephalopod size

Cephalopholis formosa or Blue line grouper is a grouper from the Indo-West Pacific that occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 34cm in length.

yes

Cephalopholis boenak is a species of fish in the Serranidae family, known under many common names, including "Bluelined Coralcod", "Brown-banded Seabass", "Brownbarred Grouper", "Brown-barred Rockcod", "Brownbarred Rockcod", "Brown Coral-cod", "Brown Coral Cod", "Charcoal Grouper", "Cherna Chocolate", "Chocolate Hind", "Dusty-banded Cod", "Overcast Grouper", "Rock Cod" and "Vielle Chocolat" .

Cephalopachus

Roper, C.F.E., C. Nigmatullin & P. Jereb . Family Ommastrephidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 269–347.

Cephalopone grandis

Cephalonia-Zante

Cephaloleia viltata is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Costa Rica.

Jereb, P., M. Vecchione & C.F.E. Roper . Family Loliginidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 38–117.
CosgroveMcDaniel2009

Cephalonoplos

Kefallinia muncipalities numbered.png

TsuchiyaOkutani1993
ClarkeGoodall1994

Cephalo-pelvic disproportion exists when the capacity of the pelvis is inadequate to allow the fetus to negotiate the birth canal. This may be due to a small pelvis, a nongynecoid pelvic formation, a large fetus, an unfavorable orientation of the fetus, or a combination of these factors. Certain medical conditions may distort pelvic bones, such as rickets or a pelvic fracture, and lead to CPD.Transverse diagonal measurement has been proposed as a predictive method.

Illex illecebrosus tentacle.jpg

Graff, 1899

Holland1987

Cephalonomancy

Cephalophus monticola

C. pavimenta

Klugetal2015

Cephalometry is the study and measurement of the head, usually the human head, especially by medical imaging such as radiography. Craniometry, the measurement of the cranium (skull), is a large subset of cephalometry. Cephalometry also has a history in Phrenology, which is the study of personality and character as well as Physiognomy, which is the study of facial features. Cephalometry as applied in a comparative anatomy context informs biological anthropology.

McClainetal2015
MacGinitieMacGinitie1949
WeisMariotti2007
Santosetal2001
Clarke1980

Cephalophyllum confusum is a species of plant in the Aizoaceae family. It is endemic to Namibia.

RoperJereb2010i
Arkhipkin, A.I. & V.V. Laptikhovsky . Observation of penis elongation in Onykia ingens: implications for spermatophore transfer in deep-water squid. Journal Molluscan Studies 76: 299–300.

Cephalomappa beccariana

Wormuth, J.H. . The biogeography and numerical taxonomy of the oegopsid squid family Ommastrephidae in the Pacific Ocean. Bulletin of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography 23: 1–96.
Weis, R. & N. Mariotti . A belemnite fauna from the Aalenian-Bajocian boundary beds of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg (NE Paris Basin). Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana 46: 149–174.
Ghiselin, M.T. . The Economy of Nature and the Evolution of Sex. University of California Press, Berkeley. 346 pp. .

Cephalophus rubidus

Cephalodia (singular cephalodium) are small gall-like structures found in some species of lichens that contain cyanobacterial symbionts. Cephalodia can occur within the tissues of the lichen, or on its upper or lower surface. Lichens that have both green algal and cyanobacterial symbionts restrict the cyanobacteria to cephalodia. Lichens that have only cyanobacterial symbionts do not have cephalodia: instead the cyanobacteria are widely distributed throughout the lichen.

vertical

Cephalophora anthemoides

Franciscolo, 1952

Zeidler, W. . A giant deep-sea squid, Taningia sp., from South Australian waters. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 105: 218.
Zuyevetal2002
Meek, A. & T.R. Goddard . On two specimens of giant squid stranded on the Northumberland coast. Transactions of the Natural History Society of Northumberland, Durham, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, new series, 6: 229–237.

Cephalomancy

Klug, C., K. De Baets, B. Kröger, M.A. Bell, D. Korn & J.L. Payne . Normal giants? Temporal and latitudinal shifts of Palaeozoic marine invertebrate gigantism and global change. Lethaia 48: 267–288.
Boletzky2003
Anonymous2003b
MitsukuriIkeda1895
OShea2004
Nesis1985
Deagle, B.E., S.N. Jarman, D. Pemberton & N.J. Gales . Genetic screening for prey in the gut contents from a giant squid . Journal of Heredity 96: 417–423.
CerulloRoper2012
Guerraetal2011
Verrill1875b
Clarke, M.R. . A review of the systematics and ecology of oceanic squids. Advances in Marine Biology 4: 91–300.

C. cameroni

Normanetal2002
Korabelnikov1959
Holland, C.H. . The nautiloid cephalopods: a strange success. Journal of the Geological Society of London 144: 1–15.
Nesis, K.N. . Cephalopods of the World: Squids, Cuttlefishes, Octopuses, and Allies. T.F.H. Publications, Neptune City. .

InternetArchiveBot

Scheel, D. & R. Anderson . Variability in the diet specialization of Enteroctopus dofleini in the eastern Pacific examined from midden contents. American Malacological Bulletin 30: 267–279.

including:
*Cephalopodum badachschanicum

Staub1993

Cephalofovea tomahmontis is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatopsidae family. The type locality is New South Wales, Australia.

Cephalopodum is a genus of flowering plant in the Apiaceae, with 2 species. It is endemic to the Middle East.

Cephalopone

K.Iwats.

Verrill1875a
Larson, N.L., S.D. Jorgensen, R.A. Farrar & P.L. Larson . Ammonites and the Other Cephalopods of the Pierre Seaway. Geoscience Press, Tucson. .

Cephalophysa

C. pedunculatum

Larson1986

Cephalon (head)

Pisor, D.L. . Registry of World Record Size Shells. Fifth edition. ConchBooks, Hackenheim. 207 pp. .

C. nigripinnis

Kuboderaetal2006
Kawahara, M., S. Uye, K. Ohtsu & H. Iizumi . Unusual population explosion of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai (Scyphozoa: Rhizostomeae) in East Asian waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 307: 161–173.

Cephalophysis

Olivero, E.B. & W.J. Zinsmeister . Large heteromorph ammonites from the Upper Cretaceous of Seymour Island, Antarctica. Journal of Paleontology 63: 626–636.

Cephalophus nigrifons

Frey, R.C. . Middle and Upper Ordovician nautiloid cephalopods of the Cincinnati Arch region of Kentucky, Indiana, and Ohio. U.S. Geological Survey, Denver.
[Anonymous] . Spirula spirula ID:306458. Shell Encyclopedia, Conchology, Inc.
Murray1874
Miller1957
Santos, M.B., G.J. Pierce, Á.F. González, F. Santos, M.A. Vázquez, M.A. Santos & M.A. Collins . First records of Taningia danae in Galician waters and in Scottish waters . Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK 81: 355–356.
Clarke1962

Cephalopod mandible

KuboderaHorikawa2005
Kawaharaetal2006
ReidJereb2005
Finn2013

Cephalophus dorsalis

Cephaloglycin

Cephalophus anchietae

Cosgrove, J.A. . Aspects of the natural history of Octopus dofleini, the giant Pacific octopus. M.Sc. thesis. Department of Biology, University of Victoria . 101 pp.

Cephalophora acaulis

Dozier, T.A. . Dangerous Sea Creatures. Time-Life Television, New York. 128 pp. .

Cephaloleia cylindrica is a species of rolled-leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae, first found in Panama.

Beer2015
Sweeney, M.J. & C.F.E. Roper . Records of Architeuthis Specimens from Published Reports. National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. 132 pp.
Miller, H.W. . Niobrarateuthis bonneri, a new genus and species of squid from the Niobrara Formation of Kansas. Journal of Paleontology 31: 809–811.
Matthews, L.H. . The sperm whale, Physeter catodon. Discovery Reports 17: 93–168.
OSheaBolstad2008
SweeneyRoper2001
KennedyKaplan1995
Eyden, P. . Tusoteuthis and the Cretaceous Giant Squids. The Octopus News Magazine Online.
Anderton2007
Okutani2015a
Finn, J.K. . Taxonomy and biology of the argonauts with particular reference to Australian material. Molluscan Research 33: 143–222.
Landois, H. . Gewichtsverhältnisse unserer Riesen-Ammoniten. Jahresbericht des Westfälischen Provinzial-Vereins für Wissenschaft und Kunst 26: 27–28.
Clarke, M.R. & N. Goodall . Cephalopods in the diets of three odontocete cetacean species stranded at Tierra del Fuego, Globicephala melaena , Hyperoodon planifrons Flower, 1882 and Cephalorhynchus commersonii . Antarctic Science 6: 149–154.

Cephalopods, specifically pertaining to octopuses, squids, and cuttlefishes, are most commonly represented in popular culture in the Western world as creatures that spray ink and latch onto things with their tentacles without releasing.The octopus has been used as a (usually negative) metaphor for entity which is perceived as sending out many "tentacles" from one "center" in order to exert power and control. Such metaphors had been used by the opponents of Multinational corporation and also by Antisemites depicting Jews in such a way (for example, in cartoons used to illustrate some editions of "The Protocols of the Elders of Zion".

Cephalophus adersi

†C. geoffroyi

C. sexmaculata

L.Bolus

Cephalolepis squamosus

Leith, E.I. . Notes on the cephalopod Lambeoceras lambii from Manitoba. Journal of Paleontology 16: 130–132.
Vecchione, M., R.E. Young & K. Tsuchiya . Onykia (Onykia) robsoni (Adam, 1962). Tree of Life Web Project.

Cephalopholis boenak is a species of fish in the Serranidae family, known under many common names, including "Bluelined Coralcod", "Brown-banded Seabass", "Brownbarred Grouper", "Brown-barred Rockcod", "Brownbarred Rockcod", "Brown Coral-cod", "Brown Coral Cod", "Charcoal Grouper", "Cherna Chocolate", "Chocolate Hind", "Dusty-banded Cod", "Overcast Grouper", "Rock Cod" and "Vielle Chocolat" . Its natural habitat is coral reefs and it is found in the waters around Australia, Cambodia, China, Comoros, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, Maldives, Mauritius, Micronesia, Mozambique, New Caledonia, Palau, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, Réunion, Seychelles, Singapore, the Solomon Islands, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Tanzania, Thailand, Vanuatu, and Vietnam .

Okutani, T. . Cuttlefish and squids of the world in color. Publication for the 30th anniversary of the foundation of the National Cooperative Association of Squid Processors. 185 pp.
Grulke, W. . Heteromorph: The rarest fossil ammonites: Nature at its most bizarre. At One Communications. 224 pp. .
Ley, W. . Exotic Zoology. The Viking Press, New York. xii + 468 pp. .

Cephalopholis polleni is a grouper fish from the Indo-Pacific Ocean. It occasionally makes its way into the aquarium trade. It grows to a size of 43cm in length.

The Cephalonia Prefecture (Greek: Νομός Κεφαλληνίας) was a prefecture in Greece, containing the Ionian islands of Cephalonia and Ithaca. In 2011 the prefectural self-government was abolished and the territory is now covered by the regional units of Cephalonia and Ithaca.

C. clandestina

Llinas1999
Tanabeetal2006
Tanabe, K., Y. Hikida & Y. Iba . Two coleoid jaws from the Upper Cretaceous of Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Paleontology 80: 138–145.
Bright1989

Cephalophus ogilbyi ogilbyi

Adelman, W.J. & D.L. Gilbert . Electrophysiology and Biophysics of the Squid Giant Axon. In: D.L. Gilbert, W.J. Adelman & J.M. Arnold Squid as Experimental Animals. Plenum Press, New York. pp. 93–132. .
RoperJereb2010j
Hansford2009

Cephalopod egg fossils are the fossilized remains of eggs laid by cephalopods. The fossil record of cephalopod eggs is scant since their soft, gelatinous eggs decompose quickly and have little chance to fossilize. Eggs laid by ammonoids are the best known and only a few putative examples of these have been discovered. The best preserved of these were discovered in the Jurassic Kimmeridge Clay of England. Currently no belemnoid egg fossils have ever been discovered although this may be because scientists have not properly searched for them rather than an actual absence from the fossil record.

RoperJereb2010a
Roeleveld2000
Nigmatullinetal2001
Anonymous2006
Okutani1995
MacGinitie, G.E. & N. MacGinitie . Natural History of Marine Animals. McGraw-Hill, New York. xii + 473 pp.

taeniops

A cephalogram is an X-ray of the craniofacial area. A cephalometric analysis could be used as means for measuring growth in children.The lateral cephalogram is a profile x-ray of the skull and soft tissues and is used to assess the relation of the teeth in the jaws, the relation of the jaws to the skull and the relation of the soft tissues to the teeth and jaws. In children, growth predictions can be made and we can also determine the changes that have occurred with treatment.

Cephalopholis miniata

Roper, C.F.E. & G.L. Voss . Guidelines for taxonomic descriptions of cephalopod species. Memoirs of the National Museum of Victoria 44: 48–63.
Lewy2002
Vecchione, M., R.E. Young, Á. Guerra, D.J. Lindsay, D.A. Clague, J.M. Bernhard, W.W. Sager, Á.F. González, F.J. Rocha & M. Segonzac . Worldwide observations of remarkable deep-sea squids. Science 294: 2505–2506.
Wong2000
Stevens1988
Clarkeetal1985
Scully2008
Clarke, R. . A giant squid swallowed by a sperm whale. Norsk Hvalfangst-Tidende 44: 589–593.

Cephalodium

RoperJereb2010b
Nesis1970
Hutsell, K.C., L.L. Hutsell & D.L. Pisor . Registry of World Record Size Shells. First edition. Snail's Pace Productions, San Diego. ii + 101 pp. .
Clarke, J.M. . The Lower Silurian Cephalopoda of Minnesota. In: E.O. Ulrich, J.M. Clarke, W.H. Scofield & N.H. Winchell The Geology of Minnesota. Vol. III, Part II, of the final report. Paleontology. Harrison & Smith, Minneapolis. pp. 761–812.
Newman1994
Miyaharaetal2006
Fairbairn2007
LynnesRodhouse2002
Lynnes, A.S. & P.G. Rodhouse . A big mouthful for predators: the largest recorded specimen of Kondakovia longimana (Cephalopoda: Onychoteuthidae). Bulletin of Marine Science 71: 1087–1090.
Nesis, K.N. . A giant squid in the Sea of Okhotsk. Priroda 10: 112–113.
Kin, A. & R. Niedźwiedzki . First record of the puzosiine ammonite genus Pachydesmoceras from the Middle and Upper Turonian of Poland. Cretaceous Research 33: 15–20.
Kennedy, W.J. & U. Kaplan . Parapuzosia (Parapuzosia) seppenradensis (Landois) und die Ammonitenfauna der Dülmener Schichten, unteres Unter-Campan, Westfalen. Geologie und Paläontologie in Westfalen 33: 1–127. .

Cephalophora decurrens

Nesis1982
Frebold1957

Cephalophus brookei

Winkelmann, I., P.F. Campos, J. Strugnell, Y. Cherel, P.J. Smith, T. Kubodera, L. Allcock, M.-L. Kampmann, H. Schroeder, Á. Guerra, M. Norman, J. Finn, D. Ingrao, M. Clarke & M.T.P. Gilbert . Mitochondrial genome diversity and population structure of the giant squid Architeuthis: genetics sheds new light on one of the most enigmatic marine species. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280: 20130273.

C. urodeta

Nabhitabhata1998
Okutani, T. . Onykia (Onykia) robusta (Verrill, 1876). In: Cuttlefishes and Squids of the World: New Edition. National Cooperative Association of Squid Processors. 246 pp. .
[Anonymous] . The body of the colossal squid. Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa.

Cephalometry

Miyahara, K., K. Fukui, T. Ota & T. Minami . Laboratory observations on the early life stages of the diamond squid Thysanoteuthis rhombus. Journal of Molluscan Studies 72: 199–205.
Bolstad, K.S.R. . Systematics of the Onychoteuthidae Gray, 1847 (Cephalopoda: Oegopsida). Zootaxa 2696: 1–186. Preview

Cephalophora

Cephalon (arthropod anatomy)

GlaubrechtSalcedo-Vargas2004

Cephalopholis cruentata

AnonymousNd

Cephalophilon capitatum

MacGinitie, G.E. & N. MacGinitie . Natural History of Marine Animals. Second edition. McGraw-Hill, New York. 523 pp.

Cephalophus crusalbum

Vecchioneetal2001b
Frebold, H. . "Genus" Titanites Buckman. In: The Jurassic Fernie Group in the Canadian Rocky Mountains and foothills. Geological Survey of Canada Memoir 287. Canada Department of Mines and Technical Surveys. pp. 66–67.
RoperShea2013
Roperetal2010
Verrill, A.E. . Note on gigantic cephalopods,—a correction. The American Journal of Science and Arts 12: 236–237.

C. araucariana

Summesberger1979
Flower1955
Wormuth1976
Schmitz, L., R. Motani, C.E Oufiero, C.H. Martin, M.D. McGee, A.R. Gamarra, J.J. Lee & P.C. Wainwright . Allometry indicates giant eyes of giant squid are not exceptional. BMC Evolutionary Biology 13: 45.
OShea2002
O'Dor, R.K., E.A. Foy, P.L. Helm & N. Balch . The locomotion and energetics of hatchling squid, Illex illecebrosus. American Malacological Bulletin 4: 55–60.

Cephalonia

Young, R.E., C.F.E. Roper & M. Vecchione . Heteroteuthinae Appellof, 1898. Tree of Life Web Project.
Carrington2000
Grogeretal2000

Cephalopholis urodeta from French Polynesia

Lynch2013
Jereb2005

Sparganophorus sonchifolius ( Spreng. )

Salcedo-Vargas, M.A. . An asperoteuthid squid from New Zealand misidentified as Architeuthis. Mitteilungen aus dem Museum für Naturkunde in Berlin, Zoologische Reihe 75: 47–49.

urodelus

Wolff1981

Tentacle of Illex illecebrosus with a distal tentacular club

Ionian Islands within Greece

Verrill1876

Cephalopod jaws

Pisor2008

Large filmy fern, Bauer's bristle fern Cephalomanes bauerianum

Förch, E.C. . The marine fauna of New Zealand: Cephalopoda: Oegopsida: Architeuthidae . NIWA Biodiversity Memoir 110: 1–113. .
Okutani2015b
Bolstad, K.S.R. . Deep-Sea Cephalopods: An Introduction and Overview. The Octopus News Magazine Online.
Normanetal2014

Cephalonia within Ionian Islands

Cephalopod limb

Roper C.F.E., M.J. Sweeney & C.E. Nauen . Cephalopods of the world. Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy.
Roper, C.F.E. & P. Jereb . Family Architeuthidae. In: P. Jereb & C.F.E. Roper Cephalopods of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of species known to date. Volume 2. Myopsid and Oegopsid Squids. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes No. 4, Vol. 2. FAO, Rome. pp. 121–123.
Anonymous2005
Bolstad2010
Starkey1963