the Gunboat War

Sherif Nasir and Nuri Bey's Forces

Around 120 Ships

Decisive Italian victory
*Destruction of the Ethiopian army of the right in the north

Battle of Al-Sannabra

Tang Chinese Victory

The Battle of Amritsar was a campaign by Mukhlis Khan against Guru Hargobind and the Sikhs in 1634. The battle took place over two days and was a result of increasing tensions between the Mughal government and Guru Hargobind.

Carlist victory

An Australian patrol from OBG in Iraq, August 2006.

Battle of Albuquerque

Battle of Andros (246 BC)

Battle of Alam el Halfa

Denmark–Norway

Xinjiang Region

The Battle of Amba Aradam (also known as the Battle of Enderta) was a battle fought on the northern front of what was known as the Second Italo-Abyssinian War. This battle consisted of attacks and counterattacks by Italian forces under Marshal of Italy Pietro Badoglio and Ethiopian forces under Ras Mulugeta Yeggazu. This battle was primarily fought in the area around Amba Aradam which included most of Enderta Province.

Patriot victory

Liberals (Isabelinos or Cristinos) supporting

Battle of Alalia

Swedish victory

Pompaedius Silo

the Venezuelan War of Independence

Aleppo, Syria

Rabadan Pacha

Battle of Antioch

and the Dutch-Portuguese War

The 18th Royal Irish Regiment storming the fortifications at Xiamen

Unknown

Rebellion suppressed;

Battle of Al Rumaythah

The battle of Alboran (Spanish: batalla de Alborán) took place on 1 October 1540 off the isle of Alboran during the Ottoman-Habsburg struggle for the control of the Mediterranean when a Spanish fleet under the command of Bernardino de Mendoza destroyed an Ottoman fleet commanded by Ali Hamet, sinking a galley and capturing 10 other ships.

The Battle of Alcolea Bridge was a minor battle that took place on 7 June 1808, during the Peninsular War, at Alcolea, a small village 10 km from Córdoba, the city that would be invaded by French troops later that same afternoon.

Near El Alamein, Egypt

The Battle of Alton (also Storm of Alton), of the First English Civil War, took place on 13 December 1643 in the town of Alton, Hampshire, England. There, Parliamentary forces serving under Sir William Waller led a successful surprise attack on a winter garrison of Royalist infantry and cavalry serving under the Earl of Crawford. In the context of the First English Civil War, the Battle of Alton was the first decisive defeat of Sir Ralph Hopton, leader of Royalist forces in the south, and the event had a significant psychological effect on him as commander. More important to Hopton was the loss of men, however, as he was already short-handed in much-needed infantry. The successful Parliamentarians were able, after their victory, to attack and successfully besiege Arundel, a larger and more formidable Royalist outpost in the south of England. At dawn on the 13th, as Waller's army approached Alton, Crawford fled with the cavalry to Winchester, leaving Colonel Richardus Boles to defend Alton with only the infantry. Outnumbered and overpowered, Boles's men were soon forced to seek refuge in the Church of St Lawrence, where they made a desperate last stand. Boles was killed, along with most of his remaining men. The Parliamentarians won a clear victory, losing only a few men and taking many prisoners.Boles's fight is also notable for its demonstrated drama and heroism. Stories boast of Boles, who is said to have killed a number of his enemies before falling himself. The battle of Alton is known as one of the "most savage encounters" of the English Civil War. Indeed, musket holes from this fierce fight can still be seen in the south door to the church and inside, where so many cornered men were killed and captured. The Battle of Alton was notably the first battle in the English Civil War to use leather guns, employed effectively by Waller before and during the battle proper.

Maher al-Assad
The location of Aleppo within Syria

Jose Ignacio Paua

* Ahrar ash-Sham
* Sham Falcons
* Jaysh al-Islam
* Free Idlib Army
* Al-Tawhid Brigade
* Fastaqim Union
* Levant Front
* Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki
* Army of Mujahideen
* Syrian Turkmen Brigades
* Liwa al-Haqq
Al-Nusra Front
* Jaish al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar
Jabhat Ansar al-Din
* Harakat Fajr ash-Sham al-Islamiya
* Harakat Sham al-Islam
Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria

Battle of Ancrum Moor

Ushio Goto

The Battle of Alamana was fought between the Greeks and the Ottoman Empire during the Greek War of Independence on April 22, 1821.

the Moroccan-Portuguese conflicts
Decisive Saadi Empire victory.

Location of the battle in Virginia

Battle of Alcolea Bridge

Battle of Alcantara

Supremacy of the main line of theHouse of Avizpreserved

Royalist Irish and Highland Scots

Alexander Ross of Balnagown

Count of Vimioso

The Battle of Albuera (16 May 1811) was a battle during the Peninsular War. A mixed British, Spanish and Portuguese corps engaged elements of the French Armée du Midi (Army of the South) at the small Spanish village of Albuera, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the frontier fortress-town of Badajoz, Spain.From October 1810 Marshal Masséna's Army of Portugal had been tied down in an increasingly hopeless stand-off against Wellington's Allied forces, safely entrenched in and behind the Lines of Torres Vedras. Acting on Napoleon's orders, in early 1811 Marshal Soult led a French expedition from Andalusia into Extremadura in a bid to draw Allied forces away from the Lines and ease Masséna's plight. Napoleon's information was outdated and Soult's intervention came too late; starving and understrength, Masséna's army was already withdrawing to Spain. Soult was able to capture the strategically important fortress at Badajoz on the border between Spain and Portugal from the Spanish, but was forced to return to Andalusia following Marshal Victor's defeat in March at the Battle of Barrosa. However, Soult left Badajoz strongly garrisoned. In April, following news of Masséna's complete withdrawal from Portugal, Wellington sent a powerful Anglo-Portuguese corps commanded by Sir William Beresford to retake the border town. The Allies drove most of the French from the surrounding area and began the Siege of Badajoz.Soult rapidly gathered a new army from the French forces in Andalusia and, joining with the troops retreating before Beresford, he marched to relieve the siege. With intelligence of another approaching force—a Spanish army under Gen. Joaquín Blake—he planned to turn Beresford's flank and interpose his army between the two. However, Soult was again acting on outdated information; unknown to the Marshal, the Spaniards had already linked up with the Anglo-Portuguese corps, and his 24,000 troops now faced a combined Allied army 35,000 strong.The opposing armies met at the village of Albuera. Both sides suffered heavily in the ensuing struggle and the French finally withdrew on 18 May. Beresford's army was too battered and exhausted to pursue, but was able to resume the investment of Badajoz. Despite Soult's failure to relieve the town, the battle had little strategic effect on the war. Just one month later, in June 1811, the Allies were forced to abandon their siege by the approach of the reconstituted French Armies of Portugal and Andalusia.

Ricardo Monet

The Battle of Amberg, fought on 24 August 1796, resulted in an Austrian victory by Archduke Charles over a French army led by Jean-Baptiste Jourdan. This French Revolutionary Wars engagement marked a turning point in the campaign, which had previously seen French successes.

Battle of Alavus

In the campaign and Battle of Al-Fule (in Crusader terms La Fève, Latin Castrum Fabe), a Crusader force led by Guy of Lusignan skirmished with Saladin's Ayyubid army for more than a week in September 1183. Tactically the battle was a draw, but the Crusaders prevented Saladin from capturing any strongholds and caused him to retreat. However, the Muslim leader's soldiers inflicted serious damage on farms and villages.

Battle of Amoy

Battle of Amiens

Minor Australian tactical victory

Battle of Alton

Primo de Rivera

Battle of Alford

The Battle of Aljubarrota (Portuguese pronunciation: [aɫʒuβɐˈʁotɐ]) was a battle fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italian and French allies at São Jorge, between the towns of Leiria and Alcobaça, in central Portugal. The result was a decisive victory for the Portuguese, ruling out Castilian ambitions to the Portuguese throne, ending the 1383–85 Crisis and assuring John as King of Portugal.Portuguese independence was confirmed and a new dynasty, the House of Aviz, was established. Scattered border confrontations with Castilian troops would persist until the death of John I of Castile in 1390, but these posed no real threat to the new dynasty. To celebrate his victory and acknowledge divine help, John I of Portugal ordered the construction of the monastery of Santa Maria da Vitória na Batalha and the founding of the town of Batalha (Portuguese for "battle", Portuguese pronunciation: [bɐˈtaʎɐ]). The king, his wife Philippa of Lancaster, and several of his sons are buried in this monastery, which is now a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Emilio Aguinaldo

Iraqi Shia militias

Hezbollah

Battle of Alfarrobeira

At the Battle of Altafulla (29 January 1812), a Spanish division led by Joaquín Ibáñez Cuevas y de Valonga, Baron de Eroles clashed with an Imperial French division under the command of David-Maurice-Joseph Mathieu de La Redorte. Believing he faced only a single battalion, Eroles attacked in a heavy fog and was beaten by 8,000 French soldiers. The action occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The battle was fought near Altafulla, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) northeast of Tarragona, Spain.Only a few days earlier, on 18 January 1812, Eroles' 4,250-man force had wiped out an 850-strong French battalion of the 121st Line Infantry Regiment at the Col de Balaguer, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) southwest of Tarragona. Only the French commander, Jacques Mathurin Lafosse, and 22 dragoons escaped the debacle. Emboldened by his victory, Eroles decided to engage a French force six days later at Altafulla and suffered the loss of between 600 and 2,000 men. Uncowed by his defeat, Eroles repulsed Jean Raymond Charles Bourke's French force when it attacked him at Roda de Isábena on 5 March.

Battle of Aldy Charrish

Battle of Ampfing

Battle of Aliaga

Battle of Alexandria

infantry, snipers and

Horse that had survived Roundway Down

The Battle of Amstetten was a minor engagement during the War of the Third Coalition between the First French Empire and the alliance of Austria and Russia. It occurred on 5 November 1805, when the retreating Russo-Austrian troops, led by Mikhail Kutuzov, were intercepted by Marshal Joachim Murat's cavalry and a portion of Marshal Jean Lannes' corps. Pyotr Bagration defended against the advancing French troops and allowed the Russian troops to retreat. This was the first fight in which a major part of the Russian Army opposed a significant number of French troops in the open. The total number of Russo-Austrian troops was around 6,700, while the French troops numbered roughly 10,000 troops. The Russo-Austrian forces suffered more casualties but were still able to successfully retreat.

The Battle of Angaur was a battle of the Pacific campaign in World War II, fought on the island of Angaur in the Palau Islands from 17 September—22 October 1944. This battle was part of a larger offensive campaign known as Operation Forager which ran from June 1944 to November 1944 in the Pacific Theater of Operations, and Operation Stalemate II in particular.

The Battle of Alnwick (1174) is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick, in Northumberland, England. In the battle, which occurred on 13 July 1174, William I of Scotland, also known as William the Lion, was captured by a small English force led by Ranulf de Glanvill.

Indecisive

British victory

Antonio de Oquendo

Rebellion crushed

Heavy

Battle of Amanus Pass

CarthageEtruscans

Loyal Lusitanian Legion and militia

Dano-Norwegian victory

Western Turks

Muqtada al-Sadr

border|23px Dolderim al-Yaruki

the Franco-Prussian War

The Battle of Al Kut was a coordinated Iraqi uprising, launched near the beginning of the Iraq War by Iraqi Shi'ite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr.In April 2004, followers of Iraqi Shi'ite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr launched a well-coordinated uprising across southern Iraq. While Western media focused on events in Sadr City, Najaf, and Karbala, violence occurred elsewhere as well.

Battle of Albuera

Battle of Amstetten

About 6,600 men:
*4,000 foot soldiers
*1,700 lances
*800 crossbowmen
*100 English longbowmen

Ras Mulugeta

Ottoman Empire

Battle of Aliwal

Sharvan Efrin

Battle at Ksar el Kebir, depicting the encirclement of the Portuguese army on the left

the Crusades

n/a cavalry

none

Imperial France

Battle of Almenar

Supremacy of the main line of the House of Aviz preserved

"The violations and abuses suffered by people across the country, including the siege and bombardment of eastern Aleppo, are not simply tragedies; they also constitute crimes of historic proportions."

The Battle of Alsasua, also known as the Battle of Altsasu or la Acción de la Venta, was a battle that occurred on April 22, 1834 during the First Carlist War. Carlist general Tomás de Zumalacárregui destroyed a convoy led by the Liberal general Vicente Genaro de Quesada traveling from Vitoria-Gasteiz to Pamplona at the town of Alsasua. The Liberals suffered many casualties and Zumalacárregui took many prisoners.Zumalacárregui formed the unit known as Guías de Navarra from Liberal troops from La Mancha, Valencia, Andalusia and other places who had been made prisoners at this battle. After this battle, they had been faced with the choice of joining the Carlist troops or being executed.

Filipino revolutionaries

The Battle of Ali Masjid, which took place on 21 November 1878, was the opening battle in the Second Anglo-Afghan War between the British forces, under Lieutenant-General Sir Samuel James Browne, and the Afghan forces, under Ghulam Haider Khan. The perceived offence of an Afghan general's refusal to allow a British envoy entrance to the country was used as an excuse to attack the fortress of Ali Masjid, as the opening battle in the war.

Bernardino de Mendoza

Battle of Angaur

General Juan Hernández Saravia

The Battle of Amoy or Xiamen was fought between British and Qing forces at Xiamen (then known as "Amoy" from the local pronunciation of the name) on Xiamen Island, Fujian, in the Qing Empire on 26 August 1841 during the First Opium War. The British captured the forts at Xiamen and on nearby Gulangyu Island ("Kulangau").

light

numerically superior

the Second Italo-Abyssinian War

France

Peter Frederik Steinmann

The Battle of Albuquerque was a small engagement of the American Civil War in April 1862 between General Henry Hopkins Sibley's Army of New Mexico and a Union Army under Edward R. S. Canby.

Colonel Jose Monasterio

Capture of William the Lion, leads to Treaty of Falaise

Alsasua , Navarre, Spain

Battle of Ankara, Mughal illustration

Capture ofWilliam the Lion, leads toTreaty of Falaise

Royalist Victory

Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)

Erwin Rommel

the Spanish Civil War

*Raised of thePhilippine National Flagfor the first time.

Battle of Albrolhos

Bayezid I

Battle of Alcañiz

Including 7 missing

Battle of Al Mansurah

Battle of Alnwick

Nujin Derik

At the Battle of Ampfing on 1 December 1800, Paul Grenier's two divisions of the First French Republic opposed against the Austrian army southwest of the town of Ampfing during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Austrians, under the leadership of Archduke John of Austria, forced their enemies to retreat, though they sustained greater losses than the French. Ampfing is located 63 kilometers (39 miles) east of Munich and 8 km (5.0 mi) west of Mühldorf am Inn.In Spring 1800, while Moreau wrecked Austrian defenses in Germany, Generals Massena and Desaix ran into stiff Austrian offensives in Northern Italy. In June, Napoleon brought in the reserve corps and defeated the Austrians at Marengo. On the Danube, the decisive Battle of Höchstädt, followed by success at Battle of Neuburg a few days later, allowed the French to take Munich and to control the Danube and its tributaries as far as Ingolstadt. With the French pressing on Austria from the north and through Italy, a truce ended hostilities for the rest of the summer. Despite these significant losses—both of them decisive—the Austrians were reluctant to accept disadvantageous peace terms. After the expiration of the summer truce in November 1800, both the Austrian and French armies rushed to come to grips with each other in the terrain east of Munich. The newly appointed commander of Austrian forces, Archduke John, managed to bring the bulk of his army against Grenier's left wing of Jean Moreau's French army near Ampfing. Outnumbered, two French divisions fought a stubborn rear guard action for six hours before retreating in good order.Instead of being sobered by their 3,000 casualties, Archduke John and his staff became convinced that the enemy was on the run. The Austrian general ordered a pursuit of the French through forested terrain. But, instead of fleeing, Moreau and his troops were waiting for the Austrians. The two armies met in the decisive Battle of Hohenlinden two days later.

Isabella II of Spain and her regent mother Maria Christina

Mamerto Natividad

Confederate States of America

The site of the Battle of Alford.

The Battle of Aldy Charrish (also known as the Battle of Auldicharish, Aldicharrish, Aldecharwis, Alt a'Charrais, Alt Charrais, Alt na Charrais) was a Scottish clan battle that took place on 11 July 1487. The Clan Mackay and possibly the Clan Sutherland defeated the Clan Ross and their allies in the Scottish Highlands, probably on the south side of Strathoykel.

Abu Abdallah Mohammed II

Battle of Alcântara (1580)

The naval Battle of Alalia took place between 540 BC and 535 BC off the coast of Corsica between Greeks and the allied Etruscans and Carthaginians. A Punic-Etruscan fleet of 120 ships defeated a Greek force of Phocean ships while emigrating to the western Mediterranean and the nearby colony of Alalia (now Aléria).

Battle of Alcácer Quibir

Army of Conquest

Battle of Andernach

Alcañiz, west of Teruel, Spain

The Battle of Albuera (16 May 1811) was a battle during the Peninsular War.

The First Battle of Andernach between the West Frankish king Charles the Bald and the East Frankish king Louis the Younger took place on 8 October 876 near Kettig southeast of Andernach and resulted in Charles' complete defeat.

American victory

French tactical victory

Coalition victory

Iraqi Shia militias

the Seventh Crusade

Battle of Andros

Four miles northwest of Jedburgh, Scotland

The Battle of Aldbourne Chase, in 1643, was a battle of the First English Civil War, in which a flying column of Royalist troops, led by Prince Rupert, attacked the dangerously extended Parliamentarian troops of Essex's army at Aldbourne Chase in Wiltshire. The action that followed was inconclusive, but allowed the Royalists to get to Newbury ahead of the Parliamentarian army.

Ahmad al-Mansur

unknown

The Battle of Aldie took place on June 17, 1863, in Loudoun County, Virginia, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War.Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry screened Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate infantry as it marched north in the Shenandoah Valley behind the sheltering Blue Ridge Mountains. The pursuing Union cavalry of Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick's brigade, in the advance of Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg's division, encountered Col. Thomas T. Munford's troopers near the village of Aldie, resulting in four hours of stubborn fighting. Both sides made mounted assaults by regiments and squadrons. Kilpatrick was reinforced in the afternoon, and Munford finally withdrew toward Middleburg.

United Kingdom

Battle of Alboran

The Battle of Andernach, between the followers and the opponents of King Otto I of Germany, took place at 2 October 939 in Andernach on the Rhine river and ended with a decisive defeat of the rebels and the death of their leaders.Duke Eberhard of Franconia, a scion of the Conradine dynasty, had been a loyal supporter of the Liudolfing king Henry I of Germany (919-936).

near Antioch, Syria

Alapan, Imus, Cavite, Philippines

Desire for naval control in the western Mediterranean Sea

Decisive Filipino victory
*Surrender of entire garrison including the commanding officer.
*Raised of the Philippine National Flag for the first time.

The Battle of Alclud Ford was a battle in c.580 at an unknown ford near Alt Clut, the original name for Dumbarton Rock which could also be used for the whole of the kingdom of Strathclyde in modern-day Scotland. It is known from two poems in the Book of Taliesin.According to Taliesin the Anglian king Ulph "came with violence on his enemies" and was met in battle and killed by Urien map Cynfarch, King of Rheged (probably Cumbria and/or Galloway), and his son Owain mab Urien, as noted in two separate poems. The Bernician attack would have been faced by spear and javelin armed horsemen, who made up the bulk of the Rhegedian warriors, whilst the Bernicians themselves would have primarily consisted of infantry as was the standard for Anglo-Saxon warriors of the period. Ulph was probably one of the sons of King Ida of Bernicia, most likely Theodulf, which puts the battle at c.574 or c.590, or potentially Frithuwolf, also known as Freothulf or Frithuwald, which would put the Alclud Ford at c.580.The battle was fought at a time when Rheged was at its ascendancy, and the armies under Urien and Owain were the most powerful in the north.

Liman von Sanders

Battle of Ajnadayn
July/August 634

Battle of Amberg

Campaigns of Khalid ibn al-Walid

Archduke Charles

Thomas Stukley

Order of Santiago

the Peninsular War

Bernard Montgomery

The German campaign of the War of the Sixth Coalition

the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I

Alcolea, near Córdoba, Spain

Guido Starhemberg

Battle of Alvøen

The Greeks evacuated Corsica, which was captured by the Etruscans, while Carthage maintained its hold on Sardinia

The Battle of Alberta is a term applied to the intense rivalry between the Canadian cities of Edmonton, the capital (since 1905) of the province of Alberta, and Calgary, the province's most populous (since 1976) city. Most often it is used to describe sporting events between the two cities, although this is not exclusive as the rivalry predates organized sports in Alberta.

Eduardo Llanera

Few

border|23px Farukh-Shah

pyrrhic Austrian victory

Battle of Alberta

General William Baillie

Battle of Albesa

The Battle of Abrolhos circa 1640, by Juan de la Corte. Oil on canvas. Naval Museum of Madrid.

The Battle of Alavus took place on 17 August 1808 in the vicinity of the town of Alavus (Swedish: Alavo), as part of the Finnish War. The Finnish army, under the command of General Carl Johan Adlercreutz defeated a smaller Russian force and drove it southwards. It was the last in a string of Swedish successes during the summer of 1808, and marked the turning point in the war.

Battle of Ankara

Battle of Alapan

Amberg, Bavaria

Tibetan Empire

The Battle of Anthony's Hill (also known as the Battle of King's Hill or the Battle of Devil's Gap) was an engagement that occurred December 25, 1864, in Tennessee during the American Civil War between combined Confederate cavalry and infantry units commanded by Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest and Union forces commanded by Maj. Gen. James H. Wilson. The battle was a part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign.General Forrest had been assigned by Lt. General John B. Hood to the command of the rear guard of the Army of Tennessee, which was in flight following the military disaster experienced at the Battle of Nashville on December 15–16, 1864. After evacuating Pulaski, Tennessee, on the evening of December 24, Forrest was confronted with the problem of slowing Wilson's aggressive pursuit enough so that the Confederate army could complete the final 40 miles of its retreat to the Tennessee River.

Duke of Coimbra

Amanus Pass

border|23px Nur ad-Din Ortoki

The Battle of Alexandria or Battle of Canope, fought on 21 March 1801 between the French army under General Menou and the British expeditionary corps under Sir Ralph Abercrombie, took place near the ruins of Nicopolis, on the narrow spit of land between the sea and Lake Abukir, along which the British troops had advanced towards Alexandria after the actions of Abukir on 8 March and Mandora on 13 March.

United States of America

The Battle of Alnwick is one of two battles fought near the town of Alnwick, in Northumberland, England. In the battle, which occurred on 13 November 1093, Malcolm III of Scotland, also known as Malcolm Canmore, was killed together with his son Edward, by an army of knights led by Robert de Mowbray.

Marinid volunteers

Modern estimates unknown.

Elagabalus victory

The Battle of Amstetten was a minor engagement during the War of the Third Coalition between the First French Empire and the alliance of Austria and Russia. It occurred on 5 November 1805, when the retreating Russo-Austrian troops, led by Mikhail Kutuzov, were intercepted by Marshal Joachim Murat's cavalry and a portion of Marshal Jean Lannes' corps. Pyotr Bagration defended against the advancing French troops and allowed the Russian troops to retreat.

Battle of Aleppo

the Philippine Revolution

Decisive Ayyubid victory

Sir Ralph Hopton

Manuel Tinio

Kingdom of Portugal

Casimiro Tinio

Adrian Jansz Pater Maerten Thijssen

The Battle of Alford was an engagement of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which took place near the village of Alford, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on 2 July 1645. The battlefield is included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.Having defeated Colonel Hurry at Auldearn, the Marquis of Montrose continued his raiding campaign in the Highlands. Fearing that Montrose intended to attack Aberdeen again, Major-General William Baillie led the Covenanter army to cut him off.The two armies were roughly equal in size at about 2,000 foot, although Baillie had 5-600 horse compared with Montrose's 250-300, giving him a slight advantage. However, this advantage was negated by the effect of the presence of representatives of the Committee of Estates on his chain of command. This committee was the ruling body of the Covenanters, comprising the Earl of Argyll, the Earls of Crawford and Tullibardine, the Lords of Elcho, Burleigh, and Balcarres (who had all been involved in recent defeats by Montrose), together with a number of Calvinist clergy. It had the power to overrule Bailie's orders.Montrose took up a position on a low hill overlooking the ford across the Don at Alford. Baillie did not want to risk crossing the ford, seeing that his troops would be vulnerable to attack before they could form up for battle, but the Committee, urged on by Baillie's cavalry commander, Balcarres, insisted on battle. Montrose waited until the Covenanting horse was across the river, and the infantry was crossing, before ordering a general attack. A fierce fight ensued around the ford between the Covenant cavalry under Balcarras and the Royalist Cavalry under Lord Gordon. Montrose committed his reserves, a force of Gordon infantry, and the Covenant forces broke. The difficulties presented by escaping across a ford meant that the rout was particularly vicious.Covenant losses were about 1,500 of their 2,000 infantry, although much of their cavalry, along with Baillie, Balcarres and the Committee escaped. The Royalists lost several hundred men, including Lord Gordon. Nevertheless, the battle of Alford was one of the few bright moments for the Royalist cause in the aftermath of Naseby, only two weeks earlier.

Decisive Spanish victory

Battle of Allatoona

Russian military intervention in Syria

Louis Gabriel Suchet

Other rebels

Austrian Empire:

the Muslim conquest of Syria

Denmark-Norway

Battle of Alnwick (1093)

"a great number"

Alcántara, Spain

the Scottish clan wars

* Rebels continue to hold one neighborhood and parts of two others in the outskirts of the city, the YPG controls Sheikh Maqsoud

Qing Empire

From 350 dead and 80 wounded to about 2,000 casualties

Battle of Ampfing (1800)

Premierløytnant Bielke

*In December 2016, pro-government forces gained control of all of the formerly rebel-held east

Decisive British victory

Battle of Alfambra

Battle of Al Kut

Shamas Khan

Spanish Empire
* Captaincy General of the Philippines

The Battle of Ancrum Moor was fought during the War of the Rough Wooing in 1545. The Scottish victory put a temporary end to English depredations in the Scottish border and lowlands. The battlefield has been included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.

unknown guns

Battle of Al Mukalla (disambiguation)

Mackay/Sutherland victory

Rebels withdrew after a 9-hour clash

The Battle of Alam el Halfa took place between 30 August and 5 September 1942 south of El Alamein during the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. Panzerarmee Afrika—a German–Italian force commanded by Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel—attempted an envelopment of the British Eighth Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery. In the last major Axis offensive (Operation Brandung/Unternehmung Brandung) of the Western Desert Campaign, Rommel had planned to defeat the Eighth Army before Allied reinforcements made an Axis victory in Africa impossible.Montgomery, who had been forewarned of Rommel's intentions by Ultra intelligence intercepts, left a gap in the southern sector of the front, knowing that Rommel planned to attack there, and deployed the bulk of his armour and artillery around Alam el Halfa Ridge, 20 miles (32 km) behind the front. In a new tactic, the tanks were used in an anti-tank role, remaining in their positions on the ridge. Montgomery intended to hold the armour back, refusing to allow them to sortie out as they had in the past.With the attacks on the ridge failing and his supply situation precarious, Rommel ordered a withdrawal. Montgomery chose not to exploit his defensive victory, preferring to continue the methodical build up of strength for his autumn offensive, the Second Battle of El Alamein. However, the 2nd New Zealand Division, under Lieutenant-General Bernard C. Freyberg, launched an abortive attack on Italian positions, suffering heavy losses.Rommel was to claim that British air superiority played a decisive factor in winning the battle, being unaware of British Ultra intelligence. Rommel noted that the damaging attacks had a great impact on Axis motorised forces and forced him to break off his offensive. Rommel adapted to the increasing Allied dominance in the air by keeping his forces dispersed. The price of the battle to the Axis was not just a tactical defeat and retreat. With the Alam Halfa failure, Rommel was deprived not only of the operational ability to initiate offensives, he lost the operational and tactical ability to defend the German base in Africa. Axis strategic aims in the African theatre were no longer possible.

Battle of Aldbourne Chase

At Battle of Altenberg (28 September 1813) a combined Sixth Coalition cavalry force of Germans, Austrians and Russian Cossacks under the command on General Johann Thielmann defeated a French detachment under the command of General Charles Lefebvre-Desnouettes at Altenberg (near Pirna), and took over 1,000 prisoners.

Battle of Aldie

The Battle of Andros was an obscure naval battle during the Third Syrian War. Despite its numerical superiority, the Egyptian fleet, probably commanded by Sophron of Ephesus, lost to a Macedonian fleet led by Antigonus II Gonatas. The Egyptian captain Ptolemy Andromachou, an illegitimate half-brother of the Pharaoh, lost his ship and crew, barely escaping to Ephesus.The date of the battle is uncertain, but generally the year 246/245 BC is accepted.

The Battle of Aldie took place on June 17, 1863, in Loudoun County, Virginia, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign of the American Civil War.Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart's cavalry screened Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederate infantry as it marched north in the Shenandoah Valley behind the sheltering Blue Ridge Mountains. The pursuing Union cavalry of Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick's brigade, in the advance of Brig. Gen. David McM. Gregg's division, encountered Col. Thomas T.

Killed: 180-200

In the Battle of Al-Sannabra (1113), a Crusader army led by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem was defeated by a Muslim army sent by the Sultan of the Seljuk Turks and commanded by Mawdud ibn Altuntash of Mosul.

Mohammed Akkad

Abu Marwan Abd al-Malik I

The Battle of Alto de los Godos was a battle that took place on 25 May 1813 in Maturín, Venezuela, in the Spanish colonial Viceroyalty of New Granada. It resulted in a patriot victory against the forces of Spanish general Domingo de Monteverde.It was one of the five attempts by the royalists to regain control over the region and it is notable for its inclusion of women in combat, such as Juana Ramírez, who was also known as "The Advancer" (La Avanzadora).

* British East India Company

about 300 captured

Positions at the battle

the War of the Portuguese Succession

Syrian Resistance

Viet Cong tactical victory

General Antonio Aranda

The Battle of Anholt (25–27 March 1811) occurred during the Gunboat War, a war between the United Kingdom and Denmark-Norway. It was an attempt by the Danes to recapture Anholt, a small Danish island off the coast of Jutland, which the British had captured in 1809. The Danish army had a larger fighting force than the British, but a lack of planning and supply failures led to a devastating defeat and many Danish casualties.

Prussia

Alnwick, Northumberland, England

the First English Civil War

Battle of Al-Fule

Decisive Sikh Victory

Red Regiment

The Battle of Al Rumaythah (26 September 2006) was fought during the morning in the Iraqi town of Al Rumaythah in Al Muthanna province between Australian forces of the Overwatch Battle Group (West) and unidentified Iraqi insurgents. The Australians had entered the town to hold discussions at the Iraqi Army barracks when they were engaged by a large number of insurgents in an intense exchange of fire during which a number of insurgents were killed.

The Battle of Als (Danish: Slaget om Als; German: Übergang nach Alsen) was fought on 29 June 1864 during the Second Schleswig War between Denmark and Prussia.

The YPG was neutral at the start of the battle in 2012, semi-alliance with the rebels 2012–2014, neutral 2015–2016, and semi-alliance with the Army during the final offensive in late 2016 .

British Empire
*

over 269, 1 gun

The worst way to engage Edmontonians is to tell them how things are done in Calgary.

Charge of British 16th lancers against Sikh Fauj-i-Ain infantry and artillery.

Remnants of the Yildirim Army Group

The Battle of Alford was an engagement of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, which took place near the village of Alford, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, on 2 July 1645. The battlefield is included in the Inventory of Historic Battlefields in Scotland and protected by Historic Scotland under the Historic Environment (Amendment) Act 2011.Having defeated Colonel Hurry at Auldearn, the Marquis of Montrose continued his raiding campaign in the Highlands.

Jean de Dieu Soult

Battle of Anholt

Alvøen, near Bergen

Pierre Lapisse

Mukhlis Khan

Decisive Rashidun Caliphate victory

Battle of Amba Aradam

Vardan

The hilly terrain around Ampfing is characterized by open fields, dense woods, and villages and farms.

Battle of Altenberg

Ottoman victory

Battle of Alcântara

The Battle of Alcantara (14 May 1809) saw an Imperial French division led by Marshal Claude Perrin Victor attack a Portuguese detachment under Colonel William Mayne. After a three hours skirmish, the French stormed across the Alcántara Bridge and forced the Portuguese to retreat. The clash happened during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

Several hundred

Battle of Amritisar

Portuguese loyal to António

Union victory

Aleppo with the Citadel in the background

*Emilio Aguinaldo&Fernando Primo de Riverasigns thePact of Biak-na-Bato

Claude Victor

Battle of Alegría de Álava

hills of Almenar, near Balaguer , Spain

Spain

Battle of Ali Masjid

The Battle of Allatoona, also known as the Battle of Allatoona Pass, was fought October 5, 1864, in Bartow County, Georgia, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. A Confederate division under Maj. Gen. Samuel G. French attacked a Union garrison under Brig. Gen. John M. Corse, but was unable to dislodge it from its fortified position protecting the railroad through Allatoona Pass.

Battle of Alamana

Ali Abdullah Ayyoub

all bodyguards either killed or captured

Carlists supporting

Battle of Alto de los Godos

Iran

Moorish allies

Clockwise from top-left: A destroyed tank in Aleppo, the Saadallah al-Jabiri Square buildings after the October 2012 Aleppo bombings, residents of Aleppo wait in line for food, and a Free Syrian Army fighter walking among rubble in Aleppo

*Surrender of entire garrison including the commanding officer.

Ajnadayn, Palaestina Prima

Paul J. Mueller

Pedro Álvares Pereira

Hezbollah

The Battle of Al Mansurah was fought from February 8 to February 11, 1250, between Crusaders led by Louis IX, King of France, and Ayyubid forces led by Emir Fakhr-ad-Din Yusuf, Faris ad-Din Aktai and Baibars al-Bunduqdari.

cavalry

Rheged victory

The YPG was neutral at the start of the battle in 2012, semi-alliance with the rebels 2012–2014, neutral 2015–2016, and semi-alliance with the Army during the final offensive in late 2016 (seeAleppo offensive (November–December 2016)).

near present day Alnwick, in Northumberland, England.

Robert Sutherland

The Battle of Aljubarrota (Portuguese pronunciation: [aɫʒuβɐˈʁotɐ]) was a battle fought between the Kingdom of Portugal and the Crown of Castile on 14 August 1385. Forces commanded by King John I of Portugal and his general Nuno Álvares Pereira, with the support of English allies, opposed the army of King John I of Castile with its Aragonese, Italian and French allies at São Jorge, between the towns of Leiria and Alcobaça, in central Portugal.

1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine

The Muslim Arab army was under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid and the battle took place at Anbar which is located approximately 80 miles from the ancient city of Babylon. Khalid besieged the Sassanian Persians in the city fortress, which had strong walls. Scores of Muslim archers were used in the siege. The Persian governor, Shirzad, eventually surrendered and was allowed to retire.

Battle of Alarcos

Spanish-Portuguese victory

The Battle of Aleppo was fought on 25 October 1918, when Prince Feisal's Sherifial Forces captured the city during the Pursuit to Haritan from Damascus, in the last days of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War.After the British Empire's victory at the Battle of Megiddo the remnants of the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group from Amman was pursued by Prince Feisal's Sherifial Force which captured Deraa on 27 September, on the right flank of the 4th Cavalry Division. Meanwhile, the pursuit by the Australian Mounted Division followed by the 5th Cavalry Division of Yildirim Army Group remnants retreating from the Judean Hills, captured Damascus on 1 October 1918, many thousands of German and Ottoman prisoners and many miles of formerly Ottoman Empire territory. A remnant force of Yildirim Army Group managed to escape Damascus, to concentrate at Rayak before retreating back through Homs and Hama towards Aleppo. Huge losses in Desert Mounted Corps from sickness, delayed and depleted their pursuit from Damascus which was continued by 24 cars in three batteries of armoured cars, and three light car patrols armed with machine guns. They were supported by the 15th Imperial Service Cavalry Brigade of the 5th Cavalry Division with the remainder of the division following.Having covered the right flank of the pursuit to Damascus, Prince Feisal's Sherifial Force continued north along the Hejaz railway to arrive outside Aleppo. After attacking a strong rearguard defence to the south of the city earlier in the day, under cover of darkness bypassed those entrenchments to enter Aleppo, where hand-to-hand fighting in the streets continued for most of the night. The city was captured by the Sherifial forces by morning.

31,385 infantry and 3,899 cavalry, 40–48 guns

VII Corps

The Battle of Al Rumaythah (26 September 2006) was fought during the morning in the Iraqi town of Al Rumaythah in Al Muthanna province between Australian forces of the Overwatch Battle Group (West) and unidentified Iraqi insurgents. The Australians had entered the town to hold discussions at the Iraqi Army barracks when they were engaged by a large number of insurgents in an intense exchange of fire during which a number of insurgents were killed. The incident lasted almost an hour and although a number of insurgents were killed it was considered to have been a well coordinated attack. The Australians then withdrew in good order without loss of life, injury or serious damage to equipment. Although a small incident with few tactical—and no strategic—consequences, it was significant as being a rare contact involving Australian forces in Iraq after the end of major combat operations in 2003. The incident was also the first time that the Australians were directly targeted by anti-Iraqi insurgents.

'''Russia

Battle of Anabta

The "Battle of Aliaga" was fought on September 5–6, 1897, between the Philippine revolutionaries of Nueva Ecija and the Spanish forces of Governor General Primo de Rivera. It is often described as one of the "most glorious battles" of the Philippine Revolutionary War.

The Battle of Anholt (25–27 March 1811) occurred during the Gunboat War, a war between the United Kingdom and Denmark-Norway. It was an attempt by the Danes to recapture Anholt, a small Danish island off the coast of Jutland, which the British had captured in 1809. The Danish army had a larger fighting force than the British, but a lack of planning and supply failures led to a devastating defeat and many Danish casualties. After the battle, the British occupation of Anholt continued until the peace treaty in 1814. There is a monument commemorating the battle in Anholt village.

William's bodyguards
Contingent of mounted knights

Arabs: 10 killed, 4 wounded

The Battle of Andernach, between the followers and the opponents of King Otto I of Germany, took place at 2 October 939 in Andernach on the Rhine river and ended with a decisive defeat of the rebels and the death of their leaders.Duke Eberhard of Franconia, a scion of the Conradine dynasty, had been a loyal supporter of the Liudolfing king Henry I of Germany (919-936). After the king's death however, he soon entered into conflict with his son and successor, Otto I, who did not see himself, as his father did, as primus inter pares. After Eberhard and other princes refused to pay homage to Otto in 937 his opponents joined Eberhard. In 938 he rebelled together with Otto’s elder half-brother Thankmar and the duke Eberhard of Bavaria. However, Thankmar was soon slain by Otto’s followers in the church of Eresburg (938), and Eberhard of Bavaria was replaced by his uncle Berthold. After a short reconciliation with Otto, Eberhard allied himself in 939 with Gilbert of Lorraine and Otto’s younger brother Henry of Bavaria to renew the rebellion. Gilbert, duke of Lorraine since 928, who had also been loyal during the rule of Henry I, now attempted to escape from his brother-in-law's sphere of influence and allied himself with the new king of the West Franks Louis IV, joining the revolt headed by Henry of Bavaria and Eberhard of Franconia.King Otto achieved at first a victory over the rebels in a battle in Birten close to Xanten, although he could only pray and watch on the other side of the Rhine. Nonetheless he was not able to capture the conspirators. Meanwhile, Gilbert and Eberhard went to the south and devastated the areas of royalist counts. They received support from Louis IV, from Otto's brother-in-law Hugh the Great and other important West Frankish rulers. When Otto besieged Breisach, the insurgents advanced from Metz to the Rhine and crossed it by Andernach.After the army went pillaging through the Niederlahngau, it started again to cross over the Rhine by Andernach. Gilbert and Eberhard were surprised by the two royalist counts, Konrad Kurzbold, count of Niederlahngau, and his cousin Udo, count of Wetterau and Rheingau. Although the Conradines and the cousins of Eberhard stood both on Otto's side, they followed the rebels with a small army and attacked only when the majority of the opposing army had already set with its booty over the Rhine. Eberhard was slain in the fight and Gilbert drowned in the Rhine when he attempted to escape to the other side. Thus ended the rebellion against Otto I.

First French Empire

Battle of Altafulla

Virginia

the Iraq War

border|23px Qutb ad-Din Ghazi Ortoki

Lord Stanhope

SSNP

Battle of Antioch (218)

Off the coast of Corsica

Near Aljubarrota, central Portugal

Antigonid victory

Ottoman ghazi, janissaries, and Balkan Christian vassals

*Destruction of the Ethiopian army of the right in the north

Light

Palestine
*Local rebel factions

* Spain
* Portugal

Domingo de Monteverde

Sir Harry Smith

The Battle of Aleppo was fought on 25 October 1918, when Prince Feisal's Sherifial Forces captured the city during the Pursuit to Haritan from Damascus, in the last days of the Sinai and Palestine Campaign in the First World War.After the British Empire's victory at the Battle of Megiddo the remnants of the Ottoman Empire's Yildirim Army Group from Amman was pursued by Prince Feisal's Sherifial Force which captured Deraa on 27 September, on the right flank of the 4th Cavalry Division.

Ba'ath Brigades

Kingdom of Spain

Prussian victory

On June 21, 1936, Arab militants attacked a convoy of civilian buses escorted in convoy by British soldiers in Mandatory Palestine along the road from Haifa to Tel Aviv, near Anabta. Two British soldiers were killed, along with 10 or 11 Arabs in what the New York Herald Tribune termed a "major fight" in the 1936–39 Arab revolt in Palestine and the Baltimore Sun described as the "heaviest engagement" of the revolt at that point.

Zenata Archers

Rafael García Valiño

Prince Faisal

Battle of Als

Clan crest badges of Clan Mackay and Clan Ross

Qasem Soleimani

William Mayne

Spanish Forces: 14,634: 12,748 infantry, 1,886 cavalry, 14 guns

Russian Empire:

Al Rumaythah, Iraq

On and near the island of Als

The Battle of Almenar took place on 27 July 1710 in the War of the Spanish Succession, between the troops of Phillip V and the Archduke Charles. Philip V's army having been defeated was forced to evacuate Catalonia and regroup behind the Ebro.

Battle of Alnwick (1174)

Battle of Al-Anbar

Duke of Alba

United Provinces

left

At Battle of Altenberg (28 September 1813) a combined Sixth Coalition cavalry force of Germans, Austrians and Russian Cossacks under the command on General Johann Thielmann defeated a French detachment under the command of General Charles Lefebvre-Desnouettes at Altenberg (near Pirna), and took over 1,000 prisoners. The Austrian contingent by Emmanuel Mensdorff and the Russian of Cossacks was commanded by Matvei Platov.The battle was the culmination of a raid in which Thielmann cavalry successfully attacked Napoleon's lines of communications along the roads between Erfurt and Leipzig in the Saale valley.

Battle of Aljubarrota

Action at Angaur

Anholt Island, Denmark

Syria

Post Captain Bettersworth

Plain of Calamino, Plain of Antolo, and Amba Aradam, Ethiopia

The Battle of Alam el Halfa took place between 30 August and 5 September 1942 south of El Alamein during the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War. Panzerarmee Afrika—a German–Italian force commanded by Generalfeldmarschall Erwin Rommel—attempted an envelopment of the British Eighth Army, commanded by Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery.

Aleppo city, Aleppo Vilayet, Ottoman Empire

Decisive Almohad victory

The Battle of Andros was an obscure naval battle during the Third Syrian War. Despite its numerical superiority, the Egyptian fleet, probably commanded by Sophron of Ephesus, lost to a Macedonian fleet led by Antigonus II Gonatas. The Egyptian captain Ptolemy Andromachou, an illegitimate half-brother of the Pharaoh, lost his ship and crew, barely escaping to Ephesus.The date of the battle is uncertain, but generally the year 246/245 BC is accepted. Following the battle, the Egyptian king Ptolemy III Euergetes lost the dominion of the Nesiotic League to Antigonus Gonatas.

An Ottoman Galley; image taken from a miniature.

near the Sutlej river

Battle of Allatoona Pass, 1897 illustration

By Merhavia in the Jezreel Valley, about southeast of present-day Afula, Israel and north of the Green Line towards the West Bank.

Turgesh allies

Alarcos, Ciudad Real province

Sultanate of Morocco

the Reconquista

French Republic

Andrew Stevens

the War of the Third Coalition

Decisive Roman Republic victory

Near Strathoykel, Sutherland

Uncertain

A foot regiment

Illustration of the Battle of Aljubarrota by Jean de Wavrin

The Battle of Amiens or Battle of Villers-Bretonneux was fought on 27 November 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in a Prussian victory.The French under General Jean-Joseph Farre fought the Prussians under Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel in Amiens, France. Having already capitulated at Metz, the French were compelled to leave the city of Amiens. About 1,383 French soldiers were killed and wounded, and about 1,000 were declared to be missing. The Germans lost 1,216 soldiers and 76 officers.

Dimitrios Panourgias

General Thielmann

Around 10,000 soldiers

The Battle of Amiens or Battle of Villers-Bretonneux was fought on 27 November 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in a Prussian victory.The French under General Jean-Joseph Farre fought the Prussians under Edwin Freiherr von Manteuffel in Amiens, France. Having already capitulated at Metz, the French were compelled to leave the city of Amiens. About 1,383 French soldiers were killed and wounded, and about 1,000 were declared to be missing.

Battle of An Lao 1964

Zoran Birhat

Baron de Eroles

About 31,000 men:
*15,000 foot soldiers
*6,000 lances
*8,000 crossbowmen
*More than 2,000 French heavy knights
*15 mortars

The Battle of Ankara (or Angora) was fought on 20 July 1402 at the Çubuk plain near Ankara between the forces of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I and Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire. The battle was a major victory for Timur, and it led to a period of crisis for the Ottoman Empire (the Ottoman Interregnum). However, the Timurid Empire went into terminal decline following Timur's death just three years after the battle, while the Ottoman Empire made a full recovery, and continued to increase in power for another two to three centuries.

Cavalry fight near Aldie, Va., by Edwin Forbes

Infante Carlos of Spain

Supported by:

Mahdi Army

Army of Revolutionaries
* Jabhat al-Akrad
* Northern Democratic Brigade

The Battle of Al Kut was a coordinated Iraqi uprising, launched near the beginning of the Iraq War by Iraqi Shi'ite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr.In April 2004, followers of Iraqi Shi'ite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr launched a well-coordinated uprising across southern Iraq. While Western media focused on events in Sadr City, Najaf, and Karbala, violence occurred elsewhere as well. A Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA) source forwarded the following after-action report regarding violence in the town of Al-Kut, the capital of the Wassit Governorate and home to the Ukrainian contingent.The unclassified report, written by a coalition security contractor, highlights dysfunction between regional coalition offices and the Coalition Provisional Authority headquarters in Baghdad, as well as tension between diplomats and security officers. The summary faulted a British diplomat who had "toned down" reports of Islamist activity so as not to alarm superiors in Baghdad. The report gave a minute-by-minute update of the battle.

Decisive Timurid victory

"I am certainly informed there were not above fifteen pieces found in the pocket of Colonel Bolles, who, until he fell himself, did bravely encourage and lead on his soldiers."

Liwa Zainebiyoun

numerically inferior

Wounded: 6

Republican France

The Battle of Anthony's Hill (also known as the Battle of King's Hill or the Battle of Devil's Gap) was an engagement that occurred December 25, 1864, in Tennessee during the American Civil War between combined Confederate cavalry and infantry units commanded by Maj. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest and Union forces commanded by Maj. Gen. James H. Wilson. The battle was a part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign.General Forrest had been assigned by Lt. General John B.

Battle of Alclud Ford

The naval Battle of the Abrolhos took place on 12 September 1631 off the coast of Bahía, Brazil (near the Abrolhos Archipelago), during the Eighty Years' War. A joint Spanish-Portuguese fleet under Admiral Oquendo defeated the Dutch after a six-hour naval battle.

Athanasios Diakos

The Battle of Ali Masjid, which took place on 21 November 1878, was the opening battle in the Second Anglo-Afghan War between the British forces, under Lieutenant-General Sir Samuel James Browne, and the Afghan forces, under Ghulam Haider Khan. The perceived offence of an Afghan general's refusal to allow a British envoy entrance to the country was used as an excuse to attack the fortress of Ali Masjid, as the opening battle in the war. Despite numerous setbacks, including half the troops getting lost or delayed and missing the battle entirely, the British were lucky that the Afghans abandoned their position overnight.

Bourbon Spain

Battle of Alarcos (July 18, 1195), was a battle between the Almohads led by Abu Yusuf Ya'qub al-Mansur and King Alfonso VIII of Castile. It resulted in the defeat of the Castilian forces and their subsequent retreat to Toledo whereas the Almohads conquered back Trujillo, Montánchez and Talavera.

20pxKingdom of ScotlandwithFlemishmercenaries

Ashina Xin

the Roman–Parthian Wars

n/a dead or wounded

the Second Anglo-Afghan War

border|23px Jorduk an-Nuri

Filipino revolutionaries recapture Cavite province

At the Battle of Ampfing on 1 December 1800, Paul Grenier's two divisions of the First French Republic opposed against the Austrian army southwest of the town of Ampfing during the French Revolutionary Wars. The Austrians, under the leadership of Archduke John of Austria, forced their enemies to retreat, though they sustained greater losses than the French.

Filipino Revolutionaries

The Battle of Ajnadayn (Arabic: معركة أجنادين‎‎) was fought in July or August 634 (Jumada I or II, 13 AH), in an unknown location close to Beit Guvrin in present-day Israel; it was the first major pitched battle between the Byzantine (Roman) Empire and the army of the Arab Rashidun Caliphate. The result of the battle was a decisive Muslim victory. The details of this battle are mostly known through Muslim sources, such as the ninth century historian al-Waqidi.
Theodore

Sebastian I of Portugal

Wilhelm Camphausen's painting of The storming of Als by the Prussians

Viktor Bondarev

Flagship Prins Willem sunk

Battle of Andernach (876)

Hapsburg Empire

French victory

the American Civil War

n/a infantry

* 10,449 British: 9,285 infantry, 1,164 cavalry, 24 guns

Joachim Murat

Anholt schooner

I Corps

Karluk protectorates

Under 1,000 total

the Vietnam War

The Battle of Aksu was fought between Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate and their Turgesh and Tibetan Empire allies against the Tang dynasty of China. In 717 AD, the Arabs guided by their Turgesh allies besieged Buat-ɦuɑn (Aksu) and Dai-dʑiᴇk-dʑiᴇŋ (Uqturpan) in the Aksu region of Xinjiang. Tang troops backed by their protectorates in the region attacked and routed the besieging Arabs forcing them to retreat.

Imus Heritage Park

Sikh militia

Lord Montrose

Sadae Inoue

up to 40,000

Battle of Albrolhos (1631)

GreekCadmean victory, Carthaginian-Etruscan strategic victory

Iranian Armed Forces

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan

Green Regiment

*13px Italian Eritrea

Çubuk plain near Ankara

Battle of Altenburg engraved by Ant. Tessaro

Habsburg Austria

Confederate victory

Minimal

Suheil al-Hasan

Decisive Portuguese victory

Battle of Al-Tayfur air base

inconclusive

Sewsen Bîrhat

The Battle of Alclud Ford was a battle in c.580 at an unknown ford near Alt Clut, the original name for Dumbarton Rock which could also be used for the whole of the kingdom of Strathclyde in modern-day Scotland.

Decisive Scottish victory

The town of Alegría-Dulantzi

Hintata

Some time between 540 BC and 535 BC

At the Battle of Altafulla (29 January 1812), a Spanish division led by Joaquín Ibáñez Cuevas y de Valonga, Baron de Eroles clashed with an Imperial French division under the command of David-Maurice-Joseph Mathieu de La Redorte. Believing he faced only a single battalion, Eroles attacked in a heavy fog and was beaten by 8,000 French soldiers. The action occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

YPG

gunboats in the Battle of Alvøen

Syrian Armed Forces

Praetorian Guard

off Alboran, Spain

right

Several hundred knights, Several thousand infantry

Less than 1,000

the War of the Spanish Succession

Battle of Anthony's Hill

Prince Faisal's Sherifial Force victory

Battle of Alcantara (1809)

Jean-Baptiste Girard

A 20th century map of Roman Syria with the ancient sites of Antioch, Emesa , and Zeugma shown, among others

border|23px Greek rebels

<700 prisoners

None

the Eighty Years' War

Harry Chauvel

Nguyễn Hữu Có

The Battle of Alfarrobeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [aɫfɐʁuˈbɐjɾɐ]) took place on 20 May 1449. It was a confrontation between the forces commanded by King Afonso V of Portugal and his uncle Afonso, Duke of Braganza, against the army of the rebellious Peter, Duke of Coimbra. The place was Vialonga, near Lisbon, at the margins of the creek of Alfarrobeira.

Abd al-Rahim al-Hajj Muhammad

Battle of An Lão

Crusaders

Francisco de Villadarias

Russian Armed Forces

CSA (Confederacy)

Painting by Philip James de Loutherbourg

Edward R. S. Canby

Wilhelm von Wartensleben

Macrinus

Castle of Altafulla

the Syrian Civil War and the

English victory

Approx. 6,000 killed, Approx. 12,000 wounded

Maurice Mathieu

The Battle of Alsasua, also known as the Battle of Altsasu or la Acción de la Venta, was a battle that occurred on April 22, 1834 during the First Carlist War. Carlist general Tomás de Zumalacárregui destroyed a convoy led by the Liberal general Vicente Genaro de Quesada traveling from Vitoria-Gasteiz to Pamplona at the town of Alsasua.

Decisive Filipino victory
*Emilio Aguinaldo & Fernando Primo de Rivera signs the Pact of Biak-na-Bato
*Continuation of the revolution in small-scale engagements until 1898

Killed: 1

Battle of Amiens (1870)

Decisive Syrian Army & allied victory
*City divided between a government-held west and rebel-held east, with two northern districts YPG-held, from July 2012 to November 2016
*UNESCO World Heritage Site Ancient City of Aleppo largely destroyed in the fighting
*In December 2016, pro-government forces gained control of all of the formerly rebel-held east
* Rebels continue to hold one neighborhood and parts of two others in the outskirts of the city, the YPG controls Sheikh Maqsoud

Heavy casualties

Battle of Amritsar (1634)

Michael Kienmayer

Ali Hamet

Mustafa Kemal Pasha

border|23px Fakhr-ad-Din Yusuf

3,000 mercenaries fromFlandersandGermany)

Yellow Regiment

Battle of Aleppo (1918)

*City divided between a government-held west and rebel-held east, with two northern districtsYPG-held, from July 2012 to November 2016

Italian allies

Prior of Crato

The Battle of Albesa was a follow-up to the Battle of Torà that took place 25 February 1003 at Al-Qaṣr al-Māša (Albesa), near Balagî (Balaguer), between the united Christian forces of the Catalan counties and the Islamic forces of the Caliphate of Córdoba. It was one of the border skirmishes associated with the interminable razzias of the Reconquista, described as "a simple encounter between local forces" and "a local action without overarching importance", though both these views are called into question by the assemblage of important Catalan nobles at the battle and the Muslim reprisal which followed.Berengar, the Bishop of Elna, was killed in the battle. His death is recorded in the Chronicon Rivipullense. The brief notice in the Chronicon Rotense reads: 1003. Factum est proelium Albesae cum sarracenis ("the battle of Albesa is made with the Saracens"). In the Alterum chronicon Rotense, more detail is given: Anno MIII. Factum est proelium in Albesa cum sarracenis ubi Berengarius Episcopus Elensis perimitur ("Year 1003. battle is made in Albesa with the Saracens, where Berengar, Bishop of Elna, was killed").The date of 25 February 1003 comes from the only Arabic source to mention the battle, Ibn al-Faraḍī, who records that Sa‘īd bin Mūsā of Elvira "died in the battle of al-Māša near Balagî the Thursday ten days before the end of the month of Rabī’ al-Thānī in the year 393", that is of the Islamic calendar, being 25 February 1003 in the Anno Domini system. Évariste Lévi-Provençal, the French Orientalist, believed it took place on 27 February, since the Islamic day (20 Rabī’) began at sunset, though 27 February 1003 was not a Thursday.Félix Hernández Jiménez dated the battle of Albesa to the summer of 1003 because he connected it with the seizure of the castle of Castellolí—mentioned only in one Christian source—by Abd al-Malik al-Muzaffar, the Córdoban hajib. The Bayān al-Mugrib of Ibn Iḍārī records how Abd al-Malik was marching through lightly populated country toward Barcelona on first of Shawwal (3 August), and that sometime after this date he camped at al-Baṭḥā (possibly Albesa). Abd al-Malik proceeded to invade Urgell and raze the castles of Montmagastre and Meià. He may also have ravaged the territory of Manresa. At the end of this campaign, when he sent his vassals home, Abd al-Malik had captured 5,570 Christians and six of their castles. He had also destroyed 85 fortified places.In this expedition, according to Ibn Khaldūn (in a part of his chronicle based on Ibn Ḥayyān), Ermengol I of Urgell, who had initially rebelled, surrendered and was taken captive:His capture is connected sometimes with the battle of Albesa, and sometimes not. Ermengol was back in Urgell by 13 March 1004.A new bishop is recorded in Elna, in the records of the diocesan cartulary, on 11 October, a certain Frèdol. It is doubtful whether a new bishop could have been elected so fast if Berengar had died at the end of summer at a long distance from Elna, taking into account the time necessary for both news to travel and an election to be held and new bishop installed. The earlier date (February) coincides better with the timing of Berengar's death, which occurred at Albesa more certainly than Ermengol's capture.The presence of Berengar at the battle suggest that of his brothers, Bernard I of Besalú and Wifred II of Cerdagne, also. According to the Crónica d'Alaó renovada, count Isarn I of Ribagorza died fighting the Moors at Monzón in 1003. This suggests an offensive action far into Muslim territory, making it possible that he died at the battle of Albesa. Geography lends support to his presence, and that of Sunyer of Pallars, at Albesa. Probably all these had gone to aid Ermengol and his brother, Raymond Borrel of Barcelona, in their revolt.The marginality of al-Faraḍī's mention of the battle and the general accuracy of the history of Ibn Khaldūn (his source, Ibn Ḥayyān, was a contemporary), suggest that the battle of Albesa was a separate event from the capture of Ermengol, which took place on Abd al-Malik's punitive expedition against the Catalan counties. Mahmud Ali Makki, the modern editor and interpreter of the Arabic poet Ibn Darrāȳ al-Qasṭallī, suggests that his poem 122 treats the expedition of Abd al-Malik as a response to certain Catalan penetrations of caliphal territory after the death of Almanzor. This accords well with the date of 25 February and with the dating of Abd al-Malik's campaign to the summer. The battle of Albesa was one of the incursions which prompted the latter. According to Carl Erdmann, the Muslims, after their defeat at Torà, retreated into their own territory, where the Christians followed them. A second battle was fought near Albesa, which was the end of the brief war, and possibly the campaigning season. The result of the battle is uncertain, but unlike the first battle was not favourable to the Christians. Albesa was first considered a Christian victory by Gerónimo Zurita.

Jaysh Halab

Kingdom of Hejaz

The Battle of Alfarrobeira (Portuguese pronunciation: [aɫfɐʁuˈbɐjɾɐ]) took place on 20 May 1449. It was a confrontation between the forces commanded by King Afonso V of Portugal and his uncle Afonso, Duke of Braganza, against the army of the rebellious Peter, Duke of Coimbra. The place was Vialonga, near Lisbon, at the margins of the creek of Alfarrobeira. The result was the clear defeat and death of the Duke of Coimbra and the establishment of the Braganzas as the most powerful House of Portugal.

Inconclusive

the Greek War of Independence

Seljuk victory

YPJ
Army of Revolutionaries

John Riabhach Mackay

Isabella II of Spainand her regent motherMaria Christina

British Army: 2 killed, 3 wounded

Spanish victory

Elements of the

Andalusian Forces

the French Revolutionary War

The Roman-built bridge at Alcántara

The interior of Ali Masjid, following the battle.

unknown wounded

4600 Cavalry including Mamluks, a much larger number of infantry probably 6000 or more and Egyptian reserves

the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War

Free Syrian Army

Leopoldo García Peña

French Empire

Konrad Kurzbold

Order of Évora

Approx. 800 casualties

fewer than 50,000

Al-Sinnabra, Israel

Jean Lannes

border|23px Jawili

Engraving of the Battle of Alcântara .

Southern Syria and Palestine annexed by Muslims

Western end of the Khyber Pass, Afghanistan

Islamic conquest of Persia and

Marshal Beresford disarming a Polish lancer at the Battle of Albuera. Print by T. Sutherland, 1831.

The Battle of Alcantara (14 May 1809) saw an Imperial French division led by Marshal Claude Perrin Victor attack a Portuguese detachment under Colonel William Mayne. After a three hours skirmish, the French stormed across the Alcántara Bridge and forced the Portuguese to retreat. The clash happened during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars. Alcántara, Spain is situated on the Tagus river near the Portuguese border, 285 kilometres (177 mi) west-southwest of Madrid.While Marshal Nicolas Soult invaded northern Portugal in early 1809, two other French forces stood ready to cooperate in the subjugation of Portugal. Pierre Belon Lapisse's division lurked near Ciudad Rodrigo while Victor's I Corps operated in the Tagus valley. A weak force under Robert Thomas Wilson watched Lapisse while Alexander Randoll Mackenzie's Anglo-Portuguese corps kept an eye on Victor. After being outgeneraled by Wilson, Lapisse marched south to join Victor. When Sir Arthur Wellesley's Anglo-Portuguese army advanced to attack Soult's corps, the detachment under Mayne occupied Alcántara.Believing Mayne's troops to be a serious threat, Victor marched against him. The Loyal Lusitanian Legion battalion defended the Alcántara Bridge for three hours. Then, the French artillery silenced their guns and a supporting battalion of militia took to its heels. The bridge was mined, but when Mayne ordered the charges to be detonated, its heavy construction withstood the explosion. Victor's infantry then rushed the incompletely demolished span. The French hung around the area for a few days but finally withdrew. The next action was the Battle of Talavera.

Colonel Juan Yagüe

Near Amritsar

Sir Brian Layton

Pío del Pilar

Austrian victory

Pietro Badoglio

The Battle of Amanus Pass took place in 39BC at Belen Pass in the Nur Mountains, after the Parthian defeat in the battle of the Cilician Gates. The Parthians, alarmed after their recent defeats by the forces of Publius Ventidius Bassus, began to concentrate their forces in northern Syria under the command of one of Parthia's best generals, Pharnapates.

Nationalist victory

Syrian Arab Republic

The Battle of Antioch (8 June 218) was fought between the Roman armies of the Emperor Macrinus and his rival Elagabalus, whose troops were commanded by General Gannys, probably a short distance from Antioch. Gannys' victory over Macrinus led to the downfall of the emperor and his replacement by Elagabalus.Macrinus' predecessor, Caracalla, was murdered by a disaffected soldier during a campaign against Parthia on 8 April 217. Macrinus himself may have had a hand in the murder of Caracalla. Within days of Caracalla's death, Macrinus was proclaimed emperor with the support of the army. At the time of his accession he inherited all of the problems that Caracalla had left for Rome—war against Parthia, threats from Armenia and Dacia, and extensive fiscal expenditures. Macrinus successfully concluded a peace with Parthia, but it came at considerable cost to Rome. Finally, his policies to reduce monetary expenditures only stoked discontent within the military.Elagabalus' grandmother, Julia Maesa, took advantage of the discontent of the soldiers and spent from her wealth to champion Elagabalus as the rightful heir to the empire. Elagabalus, chief priest of the god Elagabal, was proclaimed emperor by the soldiers of Legio III Gallica (Gallic Third Legion) at their camp in Raphanea on 16 May 218. In response, Macrinus sent one of his generals, Ulpius Julianus, with a small cavalry force to quell the rebellious soldiers. The cavalry defected and killed Ulpius Julianus, sending his head back to Macrinus in Antioch. The decisive battle took place less than a month later.While Gannys had the numerical advantage, in the opening stages of the battle Macrinus' Praetorian Guards broke through Gannys' lines, and the latter's troops began to flee. In response, Elagabalus' mother and grandmother joined the battle and rallied the troops while Gannys led his own charge. Gannys' troops turned and renewed the assault, causing Macrinus to flee the battle in fear and return to Antioch. He sent his son and co-emperor, Diadumenian, to Parthia and tried to return to Rome. Both he and his son were caught en-route and executed. Elagabalus entered Antioch as the new emperor of Rome, and with Macrinus dead, the Senate had no choice but to acknowledge the ascension of Elagabalus. By March 222 A.D., Elagabalus was himself killed by the disgruntled Praetorian Guard, declared an enemy of Rome and subjected to a damnatio memoriae.

Scots Covenanters

Edmund Allenby

The Greek Phocaean Colonies of Alalia

Vialonga, near Lisbon, Portugal

Battle of Alsasua

Ioannis Dyovouniotis

Possibly 5 killed

Off Pernambuco

The Battle of Antioch (8 June 218) was fought between the Roman armies of the Emperor Macrinus and his rival Elagabalus, whose troops were commanded by General Gannys, probably a short distance from Antioch. Gannys' victory over Macrinus led to the downfall of the emperor and his replacement by Elagabalus.Macrinus' predecessor, Caracalla, was murdered by a disaffected soldier during a campaign against Parthia on 8 April 217. Macrinus himself may have had a hand in the murder of Caracalla.

Liwa Fatemiyoun

Almost 40 Pentekonters

Glasgow – Edinburgh (1544) – Ancrum Moor – St Andrews Castle – Pinkie Cleugh – Haddington – Broughty Castle

the Portuguese Crisis of 1383–85

Royalists

September 1183

Venezuelan Patriots

Allied militias:

Decisive Parliamentary victory

Rise of the Moroccan Saadi Empire

The Battle of Als (Danish: Slaget om Als; German: Übergang nach Alsen) was fought on 29 June 1864 during the Second Schleswig War between Denmark and Prussia. It was the last major engagement of the war, as the Prussians under General Herwarth von Bittenfeld secured the island of Als – occupied by 9,000 Danish troops, including the garrison of Dybbøl which had retreated there – in a night attack masterminded by the Chief of Staff (later Field Marshal) Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal.The Prussian command gave orders for the crossing of the Alssund – the narrow strait separating Als from the mainland of Jutland – to begin in the night of 28–29 June 1864. The Commander-in-Chief had selected Øster Snogbæk, at the northern end of the strait, as the crossing-place, the nearby Sottrup Storskov woods providing cover which enabled the preparations to be hidden from the Danes. At midnight, the Prussian troops were gathered for the assault, without packs and wearing Feldmützen (forage caps) instead of helmets.At 2 a.m. 2,500 Prussian soldiers started crossing the Alssund, between the village of Sottrupskov and the Sandbjerg Estate, in small boats. The Danish modern armoured warship Rolf Krake was in Augustenborg fjord, and sailed to the Alssund where it caused the Prussians severe difficulties and stopped the crossing. But after that the Rolf Krake, obeying a misunderstood order, suddenly turned around and sailed away; the Prussian troops continued the crossing. At 2:15 a.m. the Prussians landed in Arnkil and under heavy fire took the Danish entrenchments. This let them build a pontoon bridge over the Alssund. Of the Danish army, Regiment No. 5 went north to Sønderborg, and Regiment No. 18 fought the Prussians near the village of Kær. The Danes eventually retreated to Kegnæs, some surrendered, some were evacuated by ship. The Danish army lost nearly 3000 men (dead, wounded or captured) on Als.

British victory; Afghan retreat

*UNESCO World Heritage SiteAncient City of Aleppolargely destroyed in the fighting

*Continuation of the revolution in small-scale engagements until 1898

Malcolm III of Scotland†

approx 2,500

General Juan Vigon

Sir William Waller

Greek Cadmean victory, Carthaginian-Etruscan strategic victory

HMS Tartar attacked by Danish-Norwegian

Battle of Aksu (717)

Grand Alliance victory

German map, Schlacht bei Alam Halfa

William Beresford

the Second Schleswig War

Almost entire army ultimately neutralized as a fighting force

Army of Catalonia

Pharnapates

Approximately 80,000

Henry Hopkins Sibley

The Battle of Albesa was a follow-up to the Battle of Torà that took place 25 February 1003 at Al-Qaṣr al-Māša (Albesa), near Balagî (Balaguer), between the united Christian forces of the Catalan counties and the Islamic forces of the Caliphate of Córdoba.

Bhai Bhanno

The Battle of Alapan was fought on May 28, 1898 and was the first military victory of Emilio Aguinaldo after his return to the Philippines from Hong Kong. After American naval victory of the Battle of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo returned from exile in Hong Kong, reconstituted the Philippine Revolutionary Army, and fought against a small garrison of Spanish troops in Alapan, Imus, Cavite. The battle lasted for five hours, from 10:00 A.M.

Battle of Altenburg
General Lefebvre-Desnouettes

Muslim victory

Com. of Estates

Sir Ralph Eure

The Battle of Alapan was fought on May 28, 1898 and was the first military victory of Emilio Aguinaldo after his return to the Philippines from Hong Kong. After American naval victory of the Battle of Manila Bay, Aguinaldo returned from exile in Hong Kong, reconstituted the Philippine Revolutionary Army, and fought against a small garrison of Spanish troops in Alapan, Imus, Cavite. The battle lasted for five hours, from 10:00 A.M. to 3:00 P.M.After the victory at Alapan, Aguinaldo unfurled the Philippine flag for the first time, and hoisted it at the Teatro Caviteño in Cavite Nuevo (present-day Cavite City) in front of Filipino revolutionaries and more than 270 captured Spanish troops. A group of American sailors of the US Asiatic Squadron also witnessed the unfurling.Flag Day is celebrated every May 28 in honor of this battle. This day also marks the start of the national Independence Day celebrations, as well as of the province-wide Kalayaan Festival celebrated all over Cavite province, honoring the province's role in the achievement of national independence.

The Battle of Alfambra took place near Alfambra between 5 and the 8 February 1938, during the Spanish Civil War. This battle was a part of the Battle of Teruel. After, the conquest of Teruel by the Republican army, the Nationalists started a counteroffensive in order to reocuppy Teruel. On 5 February a huge nationalist force broke the republican lines in the north of the Teruel towards the Alfambra river, taking 7,000 republican prisoners and threatening the Republican forces in Teruel.

* 10,201 Portuguese: 9,352 infantry, 849 cavalry, 12 guns
Albuera, south of Badajoz, Spain

XIII Corps :

Sancho d'Avila

Approximately 70,000

The Battle of Ankara (or Angora) was fought on 20 July 1402 at the Çubuk plain near Ankara between the forces of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I and Timur, ruler of the Timurid Empire. The battle was a major victory for Timur, and it led to a period of crisis for the Ottoman Empire (the Ottoman Interregnum).

General Nuñez

Ralph Abercrombie

Battle of Aksu

The Muslim Arab army was under the command of Khalid ibn al-Walid and the battle took place at Anbar which is located approximately 80 miles from the ancient city of Babylon. Khalid besieged the Sassanian Persians in the city fortress, which had strong walls. Scores of Muslim archers were used in the siege. The Persian governor, Shirzad, eventually surrendered and was allowed to retire. The Battle of Al-Anbar is often remembered as the "Action of the Eye" since Muslim archers used in the battle were told to aim at the "eyes" of the Persian garrison.

The Battle of Alton (also Storm of Alton), of the First English Civil War, took place on 13 December 1643 in the town of Alton, Hampshire, England. There, Parliamentary forces serving under Sir William Waller led a successful surprise attack on a winter garrison of Royalist infantry and cavalry serving under the Earl of Crawford.

United States

Ampfing, Bavaria, modern-day Germany

Abdul Jabbar al-Oqaidi