Flat glass

Flat serve

Flat design is a minimalist UI design genre, or design language, commonly used in graphical user interfaces (such as web applications and mobile apps), especially in such graphical materials as posters, arts, guide documents, publishing products.

A flatboat is a rectangular flat-bottomed boat with square ends used to transport freight and passengers on inland waterways. The flatboat could be any size, but essentially it is large, sturdy tub with a hull that displaces water and so floats in the water. This differentiates the flatboat from the raft, which floats on the water.A flatboat is almost always a one-way vessel, and is usually dismantled for lumber when it reaches its downstream destination.

Flat design

Flat feet (also called pes planus or fallen arches) is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. Some individuals (an estimated 20–30% of the general population) have an arch that simply never develops in one foot (unilaterally) or both feet (bilaterally).There is a functional relationship between the structure of the arch of the foot and the biomechanics of the lower leg. The arch provides an elastic, springy connection between the forefoot and the hind foot. This association safeguards so that a majority of the forces incurred during weight bearing of the foot can be dissipated before the force reaches the long bones of the leg and thigh.In pes planus, the head of the talus bone is displaced medially and distal from the navicular. As a result, the spring ligament and the tendon of the tibialis posterior muscle are stretched, so much so that the individual with pes planus loses the function of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA). If the MLA is absent or nonfunctional in both the seated and standing positions, the individual has “rigid” flatfoot. If the MLA is present and functional while the individual is sitting or standing up on their toes, but this arch disappears when assuming a foot-flat stance, the individual has “supple” flatfoot. This latter condition can be correctable with well-fitting arch supports.Three studies (see citations below in military section) of military recruits have shown no evidence of later increased injury, or foot problems, due to flat feet, in a population of people who reach military service age without prior foot problems. However, these studies cannot be used to judge possible future damage from this condition when diagnosed at younger ages. They also cannot be applied to persons whose flat feet are associated with foot symptoms, or certain symptoms in other parts of the body (such as the leg or back) possibly referable to the foot.

Flatboat

Flat pebblesnail

Flat top (disambiguation)

Flatbrookville

Flat file database

A flat ride cymbal or flat top ride (or often just flat ride) is a ride cymbal without a bell, originally developed by Paiste in collaboration with jazz drummer Joe Morello as part of their Formula 602 series in the 1960s. The most common size is 20" followed by 18", but larger examples exist.A flat ride cymbal produces the tightest, driest, most controlled stick sound of all ride cymbals, but with an airy wash. The lack of bell makes this cymbal quieter and most suitable for jazz. Roy Haynes was one of the first drummers to use a flat ride which can be heard on Chick Corea's album Now He Sings, Now He Sobs made in 1968.

In a noise-measuring set, flat weighting is a noise weighting based on an amplitude-frequency characteristic that is flat over a frequency range that must be stated.

Animalia

Flatas

flat leaf sponge

Flat rod

Flatback Turtle

Flat morphism (ring theory)

Flat data

N. depressus

Flat iron

Flat tree oyster

Flat taxes

Flat crack

Flatbrookville, NJ

Flat engine

Flat fluorescent lamp

Flatbrookville, New Jersey

IUCN2.3

Flat organisation

Flatboats

Flatbed scanner

E.B.

The flat needlefish (Ablennes hians) the only known member of the genus Ablennes, is a marine fish of the family Belonidae. Flat needlefish are considered gamefish, frequently caught with the help of artificial lights, but are not often eaten because of their green-colored flesh.

Flat warts

Flat share

Flatbed digital printer

In mathematics, in particular in the theory of schemes in algebraic geometry, a flat morphism f from a scheme X to a scheme Y is a morphism such that the induced map on every stalk is a flat map of rings, i.e.,fP: OY,f(P) → OX,Pis a flat map for all P in X. A map of rings A → B is called flat, if it is a homomorphism that makes B a flat A-module.A morphism of schemes f is a faithfully flat morphism if f is a surjective flat morphism.Two of the basic intuitions are that flatness is a generic property, and that the failure of flatness occurs on the jumping set of the morphism.The first of these comes from commutative algebra: subject to some finiteness conditions on f, it can be shown that there is a non-empty open subscheme Y′ of Y, such that f restricted to Y′ is a flat morphism (generic flatness). Here 'restriction' is interpreted by means of fiber product, applied to f and the inclusion map of Y′ into Y.For the second, the idea is that morphisms in algebraic geometry can exhibit discontinuities of a kind that are detected by flatness. For instance, the operation of blowing down in the birational geometry of an algebraic surface, can give a single fiber that is of dimension 1 when all the others have dimension 0. It turns out (retrospectively) that flatness in morphisms is directly related to controlling this sort of semicontinuity, or one-sided jumping.Flat morphisms are used to define (more than one version of) the flat topos, and flat cohomology of sheaves from it. This is a deep-lying theory, and has not been found easy to handle. The concept of étale morphism (and so étale cohomology) depends on the flat morphism concept: an étale morphism being flat, of finite type, and unramified.

The flat leaf sponge, Isodictya grandis, is a species of marine demosponge in the family Isodictyidae. This sponge is known from the west coast of South Africa to False Bay. It is endemic to this region.

Flat earth

Flat earth society

Flatbergiaceae

Flat norm

Flat soldier

Flat modules

Flat fee

Flat yard

Flat cohomology

Flat fell seam

Flat needlefish

In homological algebra and algebraic geometry, a flat module over a ring R is an R-module M such that taking the tensor product over R with M preserves exact sequences. A module is faithfully flat if taking the tensor product with a sequence produces an exact sequence if and only if the original sequence is exact.Vector spaces over a field are flat modules. Free modules, or more generally projective modules, are also flat, over any R. For finitely generated modules over a Noetherian ring, flatness and projectivity are equivalent. For finitely generated modules over local rings, flatness, projectivity and freeness are all equivalent. The field of quotients of an integral domain, and, more generally, any localization of a commutative ring are flat modules. The product of the local rings of a commutative ring is a faithfully flat module.Flatness was introduced by Serre (1956) in his paper Géometrie Algébrique et Géométrie Analytique. See also flat morphism.

I. grandis

Flat jockey

Flat desks

Flat stem onion

Flat glass, sheet glass or plate glass is a type of glass, initially produced in plane form, commonly used for windows, glass doors, transparent walls, and windscreens. For modern architectural and automotive applications, the flat glass is sometimes bent after production of the plane sheet. Flat glass stands in contrast to container glass (used for bottles, jars, cups) and glass fibre (used for thermal insulation, in fiberglass composites, and optical communication).Glass for flat glass has a higher magnesium oxide and sodium oxide content than container glass, and a lower silica, calcium oxide, and aluminium oxide content. (From the lower soluble oxide content comes the better chemical durability of container glass against water, which is required especially for storage of beverages and food).Most flat glass is soda-lime glass, produced by the float glass process. Other processes for making flat glass include:Rolling (Rolled plate glass, Figure rolled glass)Overflow downdraw methodBlown plate methodBroad sheet methodWindow crown glass techniqueCylinder blown sheet methodFourcault processMachine drawn cylinder sheet methodPlate polishing

D. S. Jordan & Fordice, 1887

Flatbed

Flat crossings

Location within Sussex County. Inset: Location of Sussex County within New Jersey.

Flat four engine

Flatback Sea Turtle

Flat sea holly

Flat mouth

Flat memory model or linear memory model refers to a memory addressing paradigm in which "memory appears to the program as a single contiguous address space." The CPU can directly (and linearly) address all of the available memory locations without having to resort to any sort of memory segmentation or paging schemes.Memory management and address translation can still be implemented on top of a flat memory model in order to facilitate the operating system's functionality, resource protection, multitasking or to increase the memory capacity beyond the limits imposed by the processor's physical address space, but the key feature of a flat memory model is that the entire memory space is linear, sequential and contiguous from address zero to MaxBytes − 1.In a simple controller, or in a single tasking embedded application, where memory management is not needed nor desirable, the flat memory model is the most appropriate, because it provides the simplest interface from the programmer's point of view, with direct access to all memory locations and minimum design complexity.In a general purpose computer system, which requires multitasking, resource allocation and protection, the flat memory system must be augmented by some memory management scheme, which is typically implemented through a combination of dedicated hardware (inside or outside the CPU) and software built into the operating system. The flat memory model (at the physical addressing level) still provides the greatest flexibility for implementing this type of memory management.The majority of processor architectures implement a flat memory design, including all early 8-bit processors, the Motorola 68K series, etc. One exception to this rule was the original 8086, Intel's first 16-bit microprocessor, which implemented a segmented memory model because it allowed access to more than 64 KiB of memory without the cost of extending all addresses to more than 16-bits.

Flat for Three

Flat topology

A flat network is a computer network design approach that aims to reduce cost, maintenance and administration. Flat networks are designed to reduce the number of routers and switches on a computer network by connecting the devices to a single switch instead of separate switches. Unlike a hierarchical network design, the network is not physically separated using different switches.The topology of a flat network is not segmented or separated into different broadcast areas by using routers. Some such networks may use network hubs or a mixture of hubs and switches, rather than switches and routers, to connect devices to each other. Generally, all devices on the network are a part of the same broadcast area.

Flat map

Flat lizard

A flat file database is a database which is stored on its host computer system as an ordinary unstructured file called a "flat file". To access the structure of the data and manipulate it, the file must be read in its entirety into the computer's memory. Upon completion of the database operations, the file is again written out in its entirety to the host's file system.

The flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) is a sea turtle located along the sandy beaches and shallow coastal waters of Australia. They can only be found in the waters around the Australian continental shelf. It belongs to the family Cheloniidae, along with other sea turtles. This turtle gets its name from the fact that their shell has a flattened or lower dome than the other sea turtles. They can be olive green to grey with a cream underside. These turtles average from 76 cm to 96 cm in length and can weigh between 70 kg to 90 kg. The hatchlings, when emerging from nests, are larger than other sea turtle hatchlings when they hatch. The flatback turtle is listed as Vulnerable. They are not Threatened like other sea turtles due to their small dispersal range.
Natator

Flat money

Flat five chord

Flatback Syndrome

Flat panel detectors are a class of solid-state x-ray digital radiography devices similar in principle to the image sensors used in digital photography and video. They are used in both projectional radiography and as an alternative to x-ray image intensifiers (IIs) in fluoroscopy equipment.

Flat rock river

flat_cover

Flat tax rate

Flat key space

Flat fifties

A flatbow is a bow with non-recurved, flat, relatively wide limbs that are approximately rectangular in cross-section. Because the limbs are relatively wide, flatbows will usually narrow and become deeper at the handle, with a rounded, non-bending handle for easier grip. This design differs from that of a longbow, which has rounded limbs that are circular or D shaped in cross-section, and is usually widest at the handle. A flatbow can be just as long as a longbow, but can be very short.

Flat fee limited service real estate

Flatbrookville is an unincorporated community located within Walpack Township, in Sussex County, New Jersey, United States. It is located near the Flat Brook, a tributary of the Delaware River.

The flat map in differential geometry is a name for the mapping that converts coordinate basis vectors into corresponding coordinate 1-forms.

Flat fifth

In mathematics, a vector bundle is said to be flat if it is endowed with an linear connection with vanishing curvature, ie. a flat connection.

Flat top 3

Natator depressus
The flatback sea turtle (Natator depressus) is a sea turtle located along the sandy beaches and shallow coastal waters of Australia. They can only be found in the waters around the Australian continental shelf. It belongs to the family Cheloniidae, along with other sea turtles. This turtle gets its name from the fact that their shell has a flattened or lower dome than the other sea turtles. They can be olive green to grey with a cream underside.

Flat twin

O'Neil

In Robert A. Heinlein's science fiction novel The Rolling Stones, flat cats are a species of Martian animal.

Flat rate withholding tax (Abgeltungsteuer)

Flat earth mythology

Flat wound string

Flat universe

In algebra, a flat cover of a module M over a ring is a homomorphism from a flat module F to M that is in some sense minimal. Any module over a ring has a flat cover that is unique up to (non-unique) isomorphism. Flat covers are in some sense dual to injective hulls, and are related to projective covers and torsion-free covers.

Flat connections

Flat fee mls

Flat pigtoe

Flat fish

Flat feet (also called pes planus or fallen arches) is a postural deformity in which the arches of the foot collapse, with the entire sole of the foot coming into complete or near-complete contact with the ground. Some individuals (an estimated 20–30% of the general population) have an arch that simply never develops in one foot (unilaterally) or both feet (bilaterally).There is a functional relationship between the structure of the arch of the foot and the biomechanics of the lower leg.

Flatbergium sericeum

Flat hierarchy

Flat coated retriever

Flatbreads

Flat seam

* Belone schismatorhynchus (Bleeker, 1850 )

Flat six engine

Flatbed tricycle

Flat panels

Flat knee high riding boots

Frierson, 1927

Flat warts are a type of warts that are virus linked, small in nature, and often appear in large numbers. They appear as slightly raised 1 –2 mm high skin colored bumps, are circular shaped with diameters around 2-3mm and very rarely exceeding 9 mm. The warts are appear on the face, neck, back of hands, and lower part of legs, but never in the soles of hands, soles of feet, or groin. The warts are associated with mild itching.Flat warts are caused by acute infection with Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. There are over a hundred strains of HPV and the strains that are most closely linked with flat warts are HPV strains 3, 10, 28, and 49. Infection is often not symptomatic but there is a high prevalence among adolescents due to numerous factors including: hormonal changes that result in slightly reduced immunity, excess sebum production, beginning shaving which auto-inoculates the virus, excessive sweating and other changes that predispose to the development of HPV on the surface of the bodyFlat warts usually dissipate on their own after 1 to 2 months as the infection has subsided. But if the warts cause significant displeasure typical wart removal methods can be applied to them including: liquid nitrogen, electrocautery, and laser resurfacing.

Flat real mode

Pleurobema

Orthoped

Flat chain is a form of chain used chiefly in agricultural machinery. Early machinery made extensive use of flat chain. It has been gradually replaced in most applications by roller chain, which is quieter, lasts longer, and requires less frequent retensioning.Modern flat chain is made from stamped steel. Individual links can be put together or taken apart using simple tools, unlike roller chain which requires a master link or special splicing equipment.Today, flat chain is used most often for conveyor belts, because it lends itself well to the attachment of slats, flights, buckets, and prongs used to move material. Such attachments can be welded on in the field, or can be purchased ready-made on a single link (or pair of links where the conveyor uses two chains) and then spliced into a loop of chain.Older forms of flat chain were made of iron. Though the sprockets are compatible with modern chain, the two types cannot be spliced together.

The flat pigtoe or Marshall's mussel (Pleurobema marshalli) is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is native to Alabama and Mississippi, but it has not been seen since 1980.

Flat power cable

A spline, or the more modern term flexible curve, consists of a long strip fixed in position at a number of points that relaxes to form and hold a smooth curve passing through those points for the purpose of transferring that curve to another material.Before computers were used for creating engineering designs, drafting tools were employed by designers drawing by hand.

Flat desk

Flat top window

Flat shading

Flat ground skateboarding tricks

Flat panel detectors

Flat coast

Flatbed dot matrix printer

Flat spring

top blade roast, shoulder top blade roast, top boneless chuck, petite steak,

Flat leaf sponge

Flat mirror

T.C.

Flat ride

Flat warts are a type of warts that are virus linked, small in nature, and often appear in large numbers. They appear as slightly raised 1 –2 mm high skin colored bumps, are circular shaped with diameters around 2-3mm and very rarely exceeding 9 mm. The warts are appear on the face, neck, back of hands, and lower part of legs, but never in the soles of hands, soles of feet, or groin.

Flat slab subduction is characterized by a low subduction angle (<30 degrees to horizontal) beyond the seismogenic zone and a resumption of normal subduction far from the trench. A slab is slang for the subducting lower plate. Although, some would characterize flat slab subduction as any shallowly dipping lower plate as in western Mexico. Flat slab subduction is associated with the pinching out of the asthenosphere, an inland migration of arc magmatism (magmatic sweep), and an eventual cessation of arc magmatism. The coupling of the flat slab to the upper plate is thought to change the style of deformation occurring on the upper plate's surface and form basement-cored uplifts like the Rocky Mountains. The flat slab also may hydrate the lower continental lithosphere and be involved in the formation of economically important ore deposits. During the subduction, a flat slab itself may be deformed, or buckling, causing sedimentary hiatus in marine sediments on the slab. The failure of a flat slab is associated with ignimbritic volcanism and the reverse migration of arc volcanism. Multiple working hypotheses about the cause of flat slabs are subduction of thick, buoyant oceanic crust (15–20 km) and trench rollback accompanying a rapidly overriding upper plate and enhanced trench suction. The west coast of South America has two of the largest flat slab subduction zones. Flat slab subduction is occurring at 10% of subduction zones.

Flat fee MLS

Flat Neighborhood Network (FNN) is a topology for distributed computing and other computer networks. Each node connects to two or more switches which, ideally, entirely cover the node collection, so that each node can connect to any other node in two "hops" (jump up to one switch and down to the other node). This contrasts to toplogies with fewer cables per node which communicate with remote nodes via intermediate nodes, as in Hypercube (see The Connection Machine).

Flat pack

Flat worm

Flat cover

Flat top three

The flat pebblesnail, scientific name Lepyrium showalteri, is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae.This species is endemic to the United States. This snail has been listed as endangered on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species since October 28, 1998.Lepyrium showalteri is the only species in the genus Lepyrium. Lepyrium showalteri is the type species of the genus Lepyrium. Lepyriidae is a synonym of Lithoglyphinae.

Ablennes

Flat panel monitor

A flat route is an American football route, used in passing plays. A flat route is usually run by a running back or a fullback. When run by a receiver it can be known as a speed out or arrow route. The eligible receiver runs parallel to the line of scrimmage till near the sidelines (in the flat) and turns toward the quarterback to wait for the pass. The QB's pass should arrive when he has not yet passed the line of scrimmage.

A flat-twin is a two-cylinder internal combustion engine with the cylinders on opposite sides of the crankshaft. It is a flat engine with two cylinders. Used in motorcycles for more than a century, flat-twins have also been used in automobiles, light aircraft, stationary powerplants, and household appliances.Early flat-twin motorcycles' engines were mounted with the cylinders in line with the frame. This caused uneven cooling of the cylinders and required the motorcycle to have a long wheelbase. Later flat-twin motorcycles' engines were mounted with their cylinders across the frame for better air cooling and a shorter wheelbase. Disadvantages of this layout include torque reaction in the motorcycle in turns and the potential to damage cylinder heads.

In mathematics, especially real analysis, a flat function is a smooth function ƒ : ℝ → ℝ all of whose derivatives vanish at a given point x0 ∈ ℝ. The flat functions are, in some sense, the antitheses of the analytic functions.

A. hians

Flatbergium

Flat fare

Flat plate press

A spline, or the more modern term flexible curve, consists of a long strip fixed in position at a number of points that relaxes to form and hold a smooth curve passing through those points for the purpose of transferring that curve to another material.Before computers were used for creating engineering designs, drafting tools were employed by designers drawing by hand. To draw curves, especially for shipbuilding, draftsmen often used long, thin, flexible strips of wood, plastic, or metal called splines (or laths, not to be confused with lathes). The splines were held in place with lead weights (called ducks because of their duck-like shape). The elasticity of the spline material combined with the constraint of the control points, or knots, would cause the strip to take the shape that minimized the energy required for bending it between the fixed points, this being the smoothest possible shape.Splines are more recently referred to as flexible curves and perform much of the original function. The main difference between splines and flexible curves is that the control points of flexible curves are entirely internal in their housing. This has one advantage over splines: whereas the draftsman had to first set up the spline and control points before moving the object to be marked to the spline in that order only, with flexible curves the draftsman can also set up the flexible curve before carefully moving the flexible curve to the object to be marked.One can recreate an original draftsman's spline device with weights and a length of thin stiff plastic or rubber tubing. The weights are attached to the tube (by gluing or pinning). The tubing is then placed over drawing paper. Crosses are marked on the paper to designate the knots or control points. The tube is then adjusted so that it passes over the control points.In 1946, mathematicians started studying the spline shape and derived the piecewise polynomial formula known as the spline curve, or spline function. This has led to the widespread use of such functions in computer-aided design, especially in the surface designs of vehicles. I. J. Schoenberg gave the spline function its name after its resemblance to the mechanical spline used by draftsmen.The origins of the spline in wood-working may show in the conjectured etymology, which connects the word spline to the word splinter. Later craftsmen have made splines out of rubber, steel, and other elastomeric materials.Spline devices help bend the wood for pianos, violins, violas, etc. The Wright brothers used one to shape the wings of their aircraft.

Flat rate (finance)

Flat screen computer monitor

A flat top guitar is a type of guitar body model which has a flat top (as opposed to archtop). The term "flat top" is usually used to refer to the most popular type of steel-string acoustic guitars; however, electric guitars such as the Fender Stratocaster, the Fender Telecaster and the Gibson Les Paul Junior and Special can be described as "flat top".

Flat key signature

The flat pebblesnail, scientific name Lepyrium showalteri, is a species of freshwater snail, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae.This species is endemic to the United States. This snail has been listed as endangered on the United States Fish and Wildlife Service list of endangered species since October 28, 1998.Lepyrium showalteri is the only species in the genus Lepyrium. Lepyrium showalteri is the type species of the genus Lepyrium.

In reflection seismology, a flat spot is a seismic attribute anomaly that appears as a horizontal reflector cutting across the stratigraphy elsewhere present on the seismic image. Its appearance can indicate the presence of hydrocarbons. Therefore, it is known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator and is used by geophysicists in hydrocarbon exploration.

In homological algebra and algebraic geometry, a flat module over a ring R is an R-module M such that taking the tensor product over R with M preserves exact sequences. A module is faithfully flat if taking the tensor product with a sequence produces an exact sequence if and only if the original sequence is exact.Vector spaces over a field are flat modules. Free modules, or more generally projective modules, are also flat, over any R.

A flat file database is a database which is stored on its host computer system as an ordinary unstructured file called a "flat file". To access the structure of the data and manipulate it, the file must be read in its entirety into the computer's memory. Upon completion of the database operations, the file is again written out in its entirety to the host's file system. In this stored mode the database is said to be "flat", meaning that it has no structure for indexing and there are usually no structural relationships between the records. A flat file can be a plain text file or a binary file.The term has generally implied a small, simple database. As computer memory has become cheaper, more sophisticated databases can now be entirely held in memory for faster access. These newer databases would not generally be referred to as flat-file databases.

Flat cat

Lepyrium showalteri
W. H. Dall, 1896

A.J. Shaw

A flat tire (British English: flat tyre) is a deflated pneumatic tire, which can cause the rim of the wheel to ride on the tire tread or the ground potentially resulting in loss of control of the vehicle or irreparable damage to the tire. The most common cause of a flat tire is puncturing of the tire by a sharp object, such as a nail, letting air escape. Depending on the size of the puncture, the tire may deflate slowly or rapidly.

Flat ride (cymbal)

butler steak, lifter steak, book steak, chuck clod, lifter roast, and triangle roast

Flat shifting

Flat track

In mathematics, the flat topology is a Grothendieck topology used in algebraic geometry. It is used to define the theory of flat cohomology; it also plays a fundamental role in the theory of descent (faithfully flat descent). The term flat here comes from flat modules.There are several slightly different flat topologies, the most common of which are the fppf topology and the fpqc topology.

Flat glass, sheet glass or plate glass is a type of glass, initially produced in plane form, commonly used for windows, glass doors, transparent walls, and windscreens. For modern architectural and automotive applications, the flat glass is sometimes bent after production of the plane sheet.

Flat file

Flat heads

A flat ride cymbal or flat top ride (or often just flat ride) is a ride cymbal without a bell, originally developed by Paiste in collaboration with jazz drummer Joe Morello as part of their Formula 602 series in the 1960s. The most common size is 20" followed by 18", but larger examples exist.A flat ride cymbal produces the tightest, driest, most controlled stick sound of all ride cymbals, but with an airy wash. The lack of bell makes this cymbal quieter and most suitable for jazz.

Chuck cut of beef

Flat management structure

Flat panel detector

Flat washer

Flat holm

A flat spot, or wheel flat, is a fault in railroad wheel shape. A flat spot occurs when a rail vehicle's wheelset is dragged along the rail after the wheel/axle has stopped rotating. Flat spots are usually caused by use of the emergency brake, or slip and slide conditions that causes wheels to lock up while the train is still moving. Flat spots are more common in the autumn and winter when the rails are slippery. Flat spots can also be caused by faulty brakes or wheelset bearings.

Flat slab subduction

When an engine is Flat rated it means that an engine of high Horsepower rating is constrained to a lower horsepower rating. The engine output in this case will always remain the same, but when atmospheric conditions such as high temperatures and high altitude (Hot and High) reduce the power output of the engine it has more headroom before it falls below the limited maximum output. In some cases the total power output of an engine needs to be constrained because the airframe can only handle a certain force. This is the case with Gas Turbine engines. Flat rating allows airplanes to operate under more demanding conditions, without the need for extra structural strengthening due to higher peak power output of the engine.For example, the Garrett AiResearch TPE-331-5 engine originally fitted on the Dornier 228 produces 715 horsepower (533 kW). If the outside air temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius, the airplane's maximum speed is reduced by approximately 10 knots (19 km/h), because hotter air is less dense and thus produces less pressure inside the turbine. The Dornier 228 can also be fitted with the Garrett AiResearch TPE-331-10 conversion of the -5 engine which produces 1,000 horsepower (750 kW) but is limited (Flat rated) to only 715. In this case the airplane will be able to maintain its top speed at temperatures above 30 degrees Celsius without the risk of exceeding the airplane's structural limits.

In mathematics, in particular in the theory of schemes in algebraic geometry, a flat morphism f from a scheme X to a scheme Y is a morphism such that the induced map on every stalk is a flat map of rings, i.e.,fP: OY,f(P) → OX,Pis a flat map for all P in X.

Isodictya

Flatback

Flat manifold

Flat headed gudgeon

Flat sign

clade Hypsogastropoda

In mathematics, a Riemannian manifold is said to be flat if its curvature is everywhere zero. Intuitively, a flat manifold is one that "locally looks like" Euclidean space in terms of distances and angles, e.g. the interior angles of a triangle add up to 180°.The universal cover of a complete flat manifold is Euclidean space. This can be used to prove the theorem of Bieberbach (1911, 1912) that all compact flat manifolds are finitely covered by tori; the 3-dimensional case was proved earlier by Schoenflies (1891).

Flat tire

Flat memory model or linear memory model refers to a memory addressing paradigm in which "memory appears to the program as a single contiguous address space." The CPU can directly (and linearly) address all of the available memory locations without having to resort to any sort of memory segmentation or paging schemes.Memory management and address translation can still be implemented on top of a flat memory model in order to facilitate the operating system's functionality, resource protection, multitasking or to increase the memory capacity beyond the limits imposed by the processor's physical address space, but the key feature of a flat memory model is that the entire memory space is linear, sequential and contiguous from address zero to MaxBytes − 1.In a simple controller, or in a single tasking embedded application, where memory management is not needed nor desirable, the flat memory model is the most appropriate, because it provides the simplest interface from the programmer's point of view, with direct access to all memory locations and minimum design complexity.In a general purpose computer system, which requires multitasking, resource allocation and protection, the flat memory system must be augmented by some memory management scheme, which is typically implemented through a combination of dedicated hardware (inside or outside the CPU) and software built into the operating system.

Flat resolution

The flat pseudospectral method is part of the family of the Ross–Fahroo pseudospectral methods introduced by Ross and Fahroo. The method combines the concept of differential flatness with pseudospectral method to generate outputs in the so-called flat space.

Crystallographic group

P. marshalli

Flat world

Flat furniture

Flatbrød

Flat key Scale

Flat file system

* Tylosurus hians ( Valenciennes, 1846 )

Flat seventh

Flat five

Flat handle bar road bikes

Flat iron steak

Flat memory model

Flat worms

Flat daddy

Flat dimension

Flat screen television

Flat top hump

Flatback turtle

Flat spot (automobile)

* Mastacembelus fasciatus ( Bleeker, 1873 )

Flat peach

Flat iron gunboat

clade Littorinimorpha

Flat racing is a form of horse racing which is run on a level racecourse. It is run over a predetermined distance from 2 furlongs (402 m) up to 3 miles (4,828 m) and is either test of speed, stamina or both, whilst the skills of the jockey is determined by his ability to restrain the horse or impel it. Flat racing does not require horses to jump over any obstacles such as is required for hurdling or Steeplechase. It differs from harness racing where horses are pulling a sulky and wear a harness. While in many countries flat racing is the most common form of horse racing, in Britain and Ireland it is used to describe the racing season that comes after the Jumps racing which is traditionally held over the winter period.Many different horse breeds are used in flat racing worldwide, but the Thoroughbred is the most dominant. The races take place on track surfaces suitable for horses. Worldwide, the most common is a natural grass surface, called "turf". In North America, the most common surface is a harrowed "dirt" surface, often based primarily on a mixture of sand and local soil. Most winter flat races in Britain and other parts of the world are run on a synthetic or all-weather surface, generally a blend of sand with synthetic fiber and/or rubber, often coated with wax or a similar substance.

Flat route

In mathematics, the flat topology is a Grothendieck topology used in algebraic geometry. It is used to define the theory of flat cohomology; it also plays a fundamental role in the theory of descent (faithfully flat descent). The term flat here comes from flat modules.There are several slightly different flat topologies, the most common of which are the fppf topology and the fpqc topology. fppf stands for fidèlement plate de présentation finie, and in this topology, a morphism of affine schemes is a covering morphism if it is faithfully flat and of finite presentation. fpqc stands for fidèlement plate et quasi-compacte, and in this topology, a morphism of affine schemes is a covering morphism if it is faithfully flat. In both categories, a covering family is defined be a family which is a cover on Zariski open subsets. In the fpqc topology, any faithfully flat and quasi-compact morphism is a cover. These topologies are closely related to descent. The "pure" faithfully flat topology without any further finiteness conditions such as quasi compactness or finite presentation is not used much as is not subcanonical; in other words, representable functors need not be sheaves.Unfortunately the terminology for flat topologies is not standardized. Some authors use the term "topology" for a pretopology, and there are several slightly different pretopologies sometimes called the fppf or fpqc (pre)topology, which sometimes give the same topology.Flat cohomology was introduced by Grothendieck in about 1960.

Flatbill

Flatbed truck

Flat function

At a flat coast or flat shoreline, the land descends gradually into the sea. Flat coasts can be formed either as a result of the sea advancing into gently-sloping terrain or through the abrasion of loose rock. They may be basically divided into two parallel strips: the shoreface and the beach.Flat coasts consist of loose material such as sand and gravel. Wind transports finer grains of sand inland over the dunes. The sea washes pebbles and sand away from the coast and dumps it at other locations.

In mathematics, flat convergence is a notion for convergence of submanifolds of Euclidean space. It was first introduced by Hassler Whitney in 1957, and then extended to "integral currents" by Federer and Fleming in 1960. It forms a fundamental part of the field of geometric measure theory. The notion was applied to find solutions to Plateau's problem. In 2001 the notion of an integral current was extended to arbitrary metric spaces by Ambrosio and Kirchheim.

Flat nine chord

Flatbergium sericeum is the only species of genus Flatbergium and family Flatbergiaceae. Originally described as a species of Sphagnum, it is now a separate genus on the basis of genetic differences.

Flat racing

Isodictya grandis

Flat database

Flat thunk

Flat clawed hermit crab

Flat fading

Flat metric

Flat extension

Flatau

The flat pigtoe or Marshall's mussel (Pleurobema marshalli) is a species of freshwater mussel in the family Unionidae, the river mussels. It is native to Alabama and Mississippi, but it has not been seen since 1980. Though it is still listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List and as an endangered species on the US Endangered Species List, it is likely extinct.This mussel was last seen in a stretch of the Tombigbee River before the habitat was destroyed by the installation of the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway. No living or freshly dead specimens have been seen since.

Flatbeds

Flat car

In mathematics, especially real analysis, a flat function is a smooth function ƒ : ℝ → ℝ all of whose derivatives vanish at a given point x0 ∈ ℝ. The flat functions are, in some sense, the antitheses of the analytic functions. An analytic function ƒ : ℝ → ℝ is given by a convergent power series close to some point x0 ∈ ℝ: f ( x ) ∼ lim n → ∞ ∑ k = 0 n f ( k ) ( x 0 ) k ! ( x − x 0 ) k . {\displaystyle f(x)\sim \lim _{n\to \infty }\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\frac {f^{(k)}(x_{0})}{k!}}(x-x_{0})^{k}.} In the case of a flat function we see that all derivatives vanish at x0 ∈ ℝ, i.e. ƒ(k)(x0) = 0 for all k ∈ ℕ. This means that a meaningful Taylor series expansion in a neighbourhood of x0 is impossible. In the language of Taylor's theorem, the non-constant part of the function always lies in the remainder Rn(x) for all n ∈ ℕ.The function need not be flat at just one point. Trivially, constant functions on ℝ are flat everywhere. But there are other, less trivial, examples.

* Belone melanostigma ( Valenciennes, 1846 )

Flatbed trolleys are a common form of transport in distribution environments, for moving bulk loads. A very simple design offers a basic flat platform with four casters and a fixed handle which is used to either push or pull the platform with the load on the platform. Without a flat surface it becomes an "open frame" trolley and without a handle it is a bogie or dolly.The frame is usually fabricated steel. The primary flatbed surface can be constructed from wooden boards, plastic, steel or mesh. Flatbed casters can vary dramatically, made of solid rubber, air filled pneumatic or cast iron. The caster is generally the component on the flatbed trolley that limits the safe working capacity.Specialised trolleys include the piano dolly, which consistently features small multi-swivel castors and a stronger than usual frame. The "U-boat" – used to move and stock goods by retailers such as grocery stores – has two high handles on opposite ends of a thin flatbed. Modern factory systems commonly track individual trolleys digitally to facilitate automated bills of lading; automated systems may have remotely operated or autonomous trolleys for transport during storage and access.The trolley shown at right is termed "a Turntable Trolley" due to its steering mechanism.

When an engine is Flat rated it means that an engine of high Horsepower rating is constrained to a lower horsepower rating. The engine output in this case will always remain the same, but when atmospheric conditions such as high temperatures and high altitude (Hot and High) reduce the power output of the engine it has more headroom before it falls below the limited maximum output.

Flat racing is a form of horse racing which is run on a level racecourse. It is run over a predetermined distance from 2 furlongs (402 m) up to 3 miles (4,828 m) and is either test of speed, stamina or both, whilst the skills of the jockey is determined by his ability to restrain the horse or impel it. Flat racing does not require horses to jump over any obstacles such as is required for hurdling or Steeplechase.

Flat shift

Flat four

Flat footing

Flat panel displays

Flatbed trucks

Flat ninth

Valenciennes, 1846

A flatbed editor is a type of machine used to edit film for a motion picture.Picture and sound rolls load onto separate motorized disks, called "plates." Each set of plates moves forward or backward separately, or locked together to maintain synchronization between picture and sound. A prism reflects the film image onto a viewing screen, while a magnetic playback head reads the magnetic audio tracks. The two most common configurations are the "six-plate" (one picture transport and two sound transports) and the "eight-plate" (two picture and two sound transport) models. (The edges of two of the plates on the six-plate model can be seen pictured at the right.)

Flat free tire

Flat panel TV

Flat weighting

Flat screen panel

Ernest Vinberg

Flat earth hypothesis

Ablennes hians.jpg

A flat engine is an internal combustion engine with horizontally-opposed cylinders. Typically, the layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft and is otherwise known as the boxer, or horizontally-opposed engine. The concept was patented in 1896 by engineer Karl Benz, who called it the "contra engine."A boxer engine should not be confused with the opposed-piston engine, in which each cylinder has two pistons but no cylinder head.

Flatbed trolley

Flat connection

Flat spot

At a flat coast or flat shoreline, the land descends gradually into the sea. Flat coasts can be formed either as a result of the sea advancing into gently-sloping terrain or through the abrasion of loose rock. They may be basically divided into two parallel strips: the shoreface and the beach.Flat coasts consist of loose material such as sand and gravel. Wind transports finer grains of sand inland over the dunes.

Flatbed trolleys are a common form of transport in distribution environments, for moving bulk loads. A very simple design offers a basic flat platform with four casters and a fixed handle which is used to either push or pull the platform with the load on the platform. Without a flat surface it becomes an "open frame" trolley and without a handle it is a bogie or dolly.The frame is usually fabricated steel.

Flat mommy

Flat chain is a form of chain used chiefly in agricultural machinery. Early machinery made extensive use of flat chain. It has been gradually replaced in most applications by roller chain, which is quieter, lasts longer, and requires less frequent retensioning.Modern flat chain is made from stamped steel.

Flatbed editor

Flat topos

Flatback syndrome

Flat wagon
Flat wagons (sometimes flat beds, flats or rail flats, US: flatcars), as classified by the International Union of Railways (UIC), are railway goods wagons that have a flat, usually full-length, deck (or 2 decks on car transporters) and little or no superstructure. By contrast, open wagons have high side and end walls and covered goods wagons have a fixed roof and sides. Flat wagons are often designed for the transportation of goods that are not weather-sensitive.

The flat rate withholding tax (Abgeltungsteuer) is a German flat tax on private income from capital and capital gains. It was introduced through the Unternehmensteuerreformgesetz 2008 that passed the German Parliament on 14 August 2007. The flat rate withholding tax came effective on 1 January 2009.

Flatbed (disambiguation)

Flat pack furniture

Flat crossing

Flat spot (disambiguation)

In mathematics, a Riemannian manifold is said to be flat if its curvature is everywhere zero. Intuitively, a flat manifold is one that "locally looks like" Euclidean space in terms of distances and angles, e.g. the interior angles of a triangle add up to 180°.The universal cover of a complete flat manifold is Euclidean space.

Flat footedness

Flat interest rate mortgages and loans calculate interest based on the amount of money a borrower receives at the beginning of a loan. However, if repayment is scheduled to occur at regular intervals throughout the term, the average amount to which the borrower has access is lower and so the effective or true rate of interest is higher. Only if the principal is available in full throughout the loan term does the flat rate equate to the true rate. This is the case in the example to the right, where the loan contract is for 400,000 Cambodian riels over 4 months. Interest is set at 16,000 riels (4%) a month while principal is due in a single payment at the end.

Flat spline

Flat tax adoption around the world

Flat top haircut

Flat cover conjecture

Sphagnum sericeum

Flat spacetime

Flat character

Flat spot (reflection seismology)

* Mastaccembelus melanostigma ( Valenciennes, 1846 )

F. sericeum

Flat convergence

Lepyrium

GNIS feature ID

A flat-twin is a two-cylinder internal combustion engine with the cylinders on opposite sides of the crankshaft. It is a flat engine with two cylinders. Used in motorcycles for more than a century, flat-twins have also been used in automobiles, light aircraft, stationary powerplants, and household appliances.Early flat-twin motorcycles' engines were mounted with the cylinders in line with the frame.

Flatbed plotter

iucn2.3

Flat iron steak (US), butlers' steak (UK), or oyster blade steak (Australia and New Zealand) is a cut of steak cut with the grain from the shoulder of the animal. This produces a flavorful cut that is a bit tough because it contains a gristly fascia membrane unless removed. Some restaurants offer it on their menu, often at lower price than the more popular rib-eye and strip steaks of the same grade. This is used, in some places, as a means of selling a less expensive cut from the same animal, for example Kobe beef.

A flat route is an American football route, used in passing plays. A flat route is usually run by a running back or a fullback. When run by a receiver it can be known as a speed out or arrow route. The eligible receiver runs parallel to the line of scrimmage till near the sidelines (in the flat) and turns toward the quarterback to wait for the pass. The QB's pass should arrive when he has not yet passed the line of scrimmage. The receiver will then turn upfield at the sideline and run straight down the field.The route is used, sometimes as a safety relief if post are covered, with long post, long corner or fly routes, so the safeties and the cornerbacks should be upfield when the pass is caught by the RB or FB. There should be a linebacker covering the RB/FB on these kinds of plays, which is likely to be an easy match for an elusive runner like the running back.

Ablennes hians

Plantae

A flat fee, also referred to as a flat rate or a linear rate, refers to a pricing structure that charges a single fixed fee for a service, regardless of usage. Less commonly, the term may refer to a rate that does not vary with usage or time of use.

Flat rate tax

Flat rods

Flatbrød in a Brødkorg

Pleurobema marshalli

Flat kite

Flat interest rate mortgages and loans calculate interest based on the amount of money a borrower receives at the beginning of a loan. However, if repayment is scheduled to occur at regular intervals throughout the term, the average amount to which the borrower has access is lower and so the effective or true rate of interest is higher. Only if the principal is available in full throughout the loan term does the flat rate equate to the true rate.

Flat honing

Flatbed image scanner

Flat map (ring theory)

Flat top acacia

Flatbow

Flatbed trailer

Flat management

A flatbow is a bow with non-recurved, flat, relatively wide limbs that are approximately rectangular in cross-section. Because the limbs are relatively wide, flatbows will usually narrow and become deeper at the handle, with a rounded, non-bending handle for easier grip. This design differs from that of a longbow, which has rounded limbs that are circular or D shaped in cross-section, and is usually widest at the handle. A flatbow can be just as long as a longbow, but can be very short. (Typical lengths would be 68-70" for a flatbow, 70-72" for an English longbow, and 72-76" for a warbow-weight English longbow; but these styles may easily overlap each other.) Traditional flatbows are usually wooden self bows (bows made of one solid piece of wood), though laminated and composite flatbows have been made in ancient and modern times. Modern flatbows commonly use fiberglass.

Flat torus

Flat twin engine

Flat rate

Flat rate withholding tax

Flat seven

Flat tyre

Flat income tax

Flat honing is a metalworking grinding process used to provide high quality flat surfaces. It combines the speed of grinding or honing with the precision of lapping. It has also been known under the terms high speed lapping and high precision grinding.

Flat panel

Neritina showalteri Lea, 1861

Flatal bag

Flat wagons (sometimes flat beds, flats or rail flats, US: flatcars), as classified by the International Union of Railways (UIC), are railway goods wagons that have a flat, usually full-length, deck (or 2 decks on car transporters) and little or no superstructure. By contrast, open wagons have high side and end walls and covered goods wagons have a fixed roof and sides. Flat wagons are often designed for the transportation of goods that are not weather-sensitive. Some flat wagons are able to be covered completely by tarpaulins or hoods and are therefore suitable for the transport of weather-sensitive goods. Unlike a "goods wagon with opening roof", the loading area of a flat is entirely open and accessible once the cover is removed.Flats form a large proportion of goods wagons; for example in 1998 they comprised 40% of the total goods fleet owned by the German carrier, DB, the overwhelming majority of which were flat wagons with bogies.Typical goods transported by these railway wagons are: vehicles, engines, large pipes, metal beams, wire coils, wire mesh, half-finished steel products, (sheets, coils, pipes, bars and plates), containers, rails, sleepers and complete sections of railway track. Gravel, sand and other bulk goods are transported on flat wagons with side panels.

McCulloch, 1908

Flat jellyfish

Flat panel eavesdropping

Flat wattle

Beef Cuts

Flat network

Flat wagons

Flat pseudospectral method

Flat slab subduction is characterized by a low subduction angle (<30 degrees to horizontal) beyond the seismogenic zone and a resumption of normal subduction far from the trench. A slab is slang for the subducting lower plate. Although, some would characterize flat slab subduction as any shallowly dipping lower plate as in western Mexico.

Flat turret lathe

A flat engine is an internal combustion engine with horizontally-opposed cylinders. Typically, the layout has cylinders arranged in two banks on either side of a single crankshaft and is otherwise known as the boxer, or horizontally-opposed engine. The concept was patented in 1896 by engineer Karl Benz, who called it the "contra engine."A boxer engine should not be confused with the opposed-piston engine, in which each cylinder has two pistons but no cylinder head. Also, if a straight engine is canted 90 degrees into the horizontal plane, it may be thought of as a "flat engine". Horizontal inline engines are quite common in industrial applications such as underfloor mounting for buses.True boxers have each crankpin controlling only one piston/cylinder while the 180° engines, which superficially appear very similar, share crankpins. The 180° engine, which may be thought of as a type of V engine, is quite uncommon as it has all of the disadvantages of a flat engine, and few of the advantages.

Flatback sea turtle

Flat top

Flat list

Flat top grill

Flat neighborhood network

Flatbill (disambiguation)

USA New Jersey Sussex County#USA New Jersey#USA

Flatbed Digital printing is the reproduction of digital images using inkjet printing, typically on plastic or paperboard, although a wide variety of materials can be printed (common, photographic paper, film, cloth, plastic, etc.). Flatbed digital printers use inks made of acrylic monomers that are then exposed to strong UV-light to cure, or polymerize them. This process allows for printing on a wide variety of surfaces such as wood or metal, carpet, tile, and even glass. The adjustable printing bed makes it possible to print on surfaces ranging in thickness from a sheet of paper often up to as much as several inches. Typically used for commercial applications (retail and event signage), flatbed printing is often a substitute for screen-printing. Since no printing plates or silkscreens must be produced, digital printing technology allows shorter runs of signs to be produced economically. Environmentally, flatbed digital printing is based on a more sustainable system than its commercial predecessor of solvent printing as it produces fewer waste cartridges and less indoor air pollution.The resolution of flatbed printers range from 72 DPI (dots per inch) to about 1700 DPI. One of the advantages of a flatbed printer is its versatility of printable materials although this is limited to only flat materials.

Vinberg

Flat rated

Flat ride cymbal

A flat network is a computer network design approach that aims to reduce cost, maintenance and administration. Flat networks are designed to reduce the number of routers and switches on a computer network by connecting the devices to a single switch instead of separate switches. Unlike a hierarchical network design, the network is not physically separated using different switches.The topology of a flat network is not segmented or separated into different broadcast areas by using routers.

Flat headed cat

Flat junction

Flat rides

Flat rides at Canada's Wonderland

Flat headed mayfly

Flat pea

Flatbow River

Flat rock scorpion

Flat module

Flat rides at Paramount Canada's Wonderland

Flat head syndrome

Flat spin (disambiguation)

Flat spurred piperia

Flat packed furniture

Flat light

Flatbrod

Flat note

Flat wound

Flat yield

L. showalteri

* Tylosurus caeruleofasciatus ( Stead, 1908 )

Flat iron steak (US), butlers' steak (UK), or oyster blade steak (Australia and New Zealand) is a cut of steak cut with the grain from the shoulder of the animal. This produces a flavorful cut that is a bit tough because it contains a gristly fascia membrane unless removed. Some restaurants offer it on their menu, often at lower price than the more popular rib-eye and strip steaks of the same grade.

Flat wound strings

Flat earth theory

Flat earth news

Flat fly

Flat stalked pondweed

Flat Manifold

Flat five substitution

Flat escalator

Flat chain

Flat morphism

Flatal tube

Flat top ride

Flat earth problem

Flat keyspace

Flat top guitar

Flatbed Digital printing is the reproduction of digital images using inkjet printing, typically on plastic or paperboard, although a wide variety of materials can be printed (common, photographic paper, film, cloth, plastic, etc.). Flatbed digital printers use inks made of acrylic monomers that are then exposed to strong UV-light to cure, or polymerize them. This process allows for printing on a wide variety of surfaces such as wood or metal, carpet, tile, and even glass.

Flat thunking

Flat vector bundle

FlatManifold

Flatbrauð

Flat space

Flat eric

Flat chest

Flat screen

Flat top mountain

Flat flies

A flatbed truck (or flatbed lorry in British English) is a type of truck which can be either articulated or rigid. As the name suggests, its bodywork is just an entirely flat, level 'bed' with no sides or roof. This allows for quick and easy loading of goods, and consequently they are used to transport heavy loads that are not delicate or vulnerable to rain, and also for abnormal loads that require more space than is available on a closed body.

Flat screen TV

Flat feet

Flat shore

* Ablennes pacificus ( Walford, 1936 )
* Belone hians ( Valenciennes, 1846 )
* Belone maculata ( Poey, 1860 )
* Belone melanostigma ( Valenciennes, 1846 )
* Belone schismatorhynchus ( Bleeker, 1850 )
* Mastaccembelus melanostigma ( Valenciennes, 1846 )
* Mastacembelus fasciatus ( Bleeker, 1873 )
* Tylosurus caeruleofasciatus ( Stead, 1908 )
* Tylosurus hians ( Valenciennes, 1846 )

Flat wart

Flat fifth chord

A flatbed editor is a type of machine used to edit film for a motion picture.Picture and sound rolls load onto separate motorized disks, called "plates." Each set of plates moves forward or backward separately, or locked together to maintain synchronization between picture and sound. A prism reflects the film image onto a viewing screen, while a magnetic playback head reads the magnetic audio tracks.

Flat tariff

Flat screen pocket TV

An 1870 drawing of the shell of Lepyrium showalteri
clade Caenogastropoda

Flat foot

Flat iron gunboats

Flat race

Flat scanner

Flat coat

Flat panel television set

A flat foot