Raphe+Nuclei

Raphaël Milliès-Lacroix

Paris
Dallas

Arthropoda

Naples

Raphidonema

Raphaël Confiant

* R. subcapitata

Raphia farinifera00a.jpg

Raphael Nuzzolo

Raphidonema (alga)

French

Raphaële Lannadère

Raphael David Thomaz (born 21 April 1993), commonly known as Raphinha, is a Brazilian professional footballer who plays as a defender for Sport Club Internacional.

Neuilly-Sur-Seine, France

Raphus cucullatus

Kuo Tzu-Ching

Raphidonema (calcareous sponge)

Raphaël Judrin

Lars Birch

Raphiglossoides is a small genus of afrotropical potter wasps known from South Africa. Only two species are currently known.

Little Rock, Arkansas

Timothée Simonot

Type Species

Animalia

Insecta

Raphe obscuris

Raphaël Lessard

Raphaël Enthoven

Raphidocelis

Raphaël Romey

Raphia vinifera, the West African piassava palm, bamboo palm or West African bass fibre is a palm tree species in the genus Raphia. It is native to Benin, Gambia, Ghana, Nigeria, Togo, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Ghana, and Democratic Republic of the Congo ( = Zaire = Congo-Kinshasa). It is particularly abundant along the creeks of Niger Delta, Cross River, Lagos and Ikorodu in Nigeria.The nut contains bitter oil, which has the property of stupefying fish.

Raphidia is a genus of snakefly, mainly found in Europe.

Raphidiophrys intermedia

*Anerastia incarnatella (Ragonot, 1887)

Murder - First Degree

Polyplacocystis

Raphaël Fortin

Raphaël Collin

Cheng Tung-yi
Singapore

Raphaël Nzabakomada-Yakoma

Raphick Rasif Jumadeen (born 12 April 1948, Harmony Hall, Gasparillo, Trinidad) is a former West Indian cricketer who played in twelve Tests from 1972 to 1979.

Raphetamine

Raphidiophryidae

Wetmore, 1930

Raphictis

Raphidophora decursiva

Raphaël Stacchiotti

Paris, France
Boulogne-Billancourt, Hauts-de-Seine, France

Mikrjukov, 1996

Raphaël Enthoven in March 2010

Raphaël Coche

Raphe nuclei

Raphael David Thomaz

Raphicerus melanotis

Lagerheim, 1892

Raphimetopus ablutella

Raphimetopus nitidicostella

Raphia elbea

Raphia farinifera

Raphidonema is a genus of filamentous green alga comprising five species. It is a member of the Trebouxiophyceae.

*Raphia kirkii var. longicarpa Engl. ex Becc.

Raphaël Salem

Raphia

Raphaël Geminiani

Raphinae map.jpg

Thomas Enevoldsen

Raphael

Raphidia ophiopsis

Raphictis is an extinct genus of Didymictidae. It was first named by P. D. Gingerich and D. A. Winkler in 1985, and contains one species: R. gausion.

Dodo and Rodrigues solitaire skeletons compared, not to scale

Dax, Landes, France

Raphaël ou le Débauché

Moore, 1963

Raphidopalpa foveicollis

Manimal

R. foveicollis

Raphidovirus is a genus of viruses, in the family Phycodnaviridae. Alga serve as natural hosts. There is currently only one species in this genus: the type species Heterosigma akashiwo virus 01.

†Viverravidae

The raphe nuclei (Greek: ῥαφή "seam") are a moderate-size cluster of nuclei found in the brain stem. Their main function is to release serotonin to the rest of the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are believed to act in these nuclei, as well as at their targets.

Raphaël Rouquier

Raphiael Putney

†Raphus cucullatus

Raphia regalis is a species of flowering plant in the Arecaceae family. It is found in Angola, Cameroon, Republic of the Congo, Gabon, and Nigeria. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Defender

Jerri Cherry

Armel Primot

Raphidophora

Raphaël Haroche in 2009.

Raphaëlle Billetdoux

American

The Raphinae are a clade of extinct flightless birds formerly called didines or didine birds. They inhabited the Mascarene Islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, but became extinct through hunting by humans and predation by introduced non-native mammals following human colonisation in the 17th century. Historically, many different groups have been named for both the dodo and the Rodrigues solitaire, not all grouping them together. Most recently, it is considered that the two birds can be classified in Columbidae, often under the subfamily Raphinae. The first person to suggest a close affinity to the doves was Johannes Theodor Reinhardt, whose opinions were then supported by Hugh Edwin Strickland and Alexander Gordon Melville.Recent extractions of DNA from the dodo and Rodrigues solitaire, as well as 37 species of doves, has found where in Columbidae the raphines should be placed. Surprisingly, raphines are not the most primitive columbid, instead they are grouped with the Nicobar pigeon as their closest relative, with other closely related birds being the crowned pigeons and tooth-billed pigeon. A third raphine, Raphus solitarius, is now considered to be an ibis in the genus Threskiornis.Both the Rodrigues solitaire and the dodo are now extinct. A common threshold of the extinction of the dodo is 1662, but some possible sightings had been made as late as 1688. The last sighting with a description was in 1662, but a statistical analysis by Roberts and Solow found that the extinction of the dodo was in 1693. The Rodrigues solitaire was killed off later than the dodo. The IUCN uses an extinction date of 1778 for the solitaire, although a more probable date would be in the 1750s or 1760s. Both birds became extinct as a consequence of human hunting and the introduction of mammals that ate the birds and their eggs.

Raphidia funerata

Raphimetopus incarnatella is a species of snout moth. It is found in Russia.The wingspan is about 20 mm.

West Indian

Raphia vinifera

Berlin

Film director, screenwriter

Raphia farinifera04a.jpg

Raphidonema transsylvanica

*Anerastia spinifrontella (Ragonot, 1888)

Actor

Raphaël Martinetti

The Green Borer (Raphimetopus ablutella) is a species of snout moth in the genus Raphimetopus. It was described by Ragonot in 1894. It is found in Spain, Portugal, France, Italy, Romania, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Greece, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Sudan, the United Arab Emirates, Yemen, India and South Africa.The larvae have been recorded on Zea mays and Saccharum officinarum. They bore the shoots of their host plant.

Mammalia

Raphidonema (genus)

Raphaël Comte

Raphidonema sempervirens

Raphidia

Raphespinal tract

†Raphus
BirdLife International
The Raphinae are a clade of extinct flightless birds formerly called didines or didine birds. They inhabited the Mascarene Islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, but became extinct through hunting by humans and predation by introduced non-native mammals following human colonisation in the 17th century. Historically, many different groups have been named for both the dodo and the Rodrigues solitaire, not all grouping them together.

Raphick Jumadeen

Lyon

Juvecaserta Basket

Raphidonema brevirostre

Cardiff

Raphia (genus)

Raphaël Kleweta

Raphetis

http://content-aus.cricinfo.com/ci/content/player/52209.html Cricinfo

Raphaël Ibanez

Pezophaps solitaria

lightgreen

Stephane Soubrier

Raphaël Patorni

Raphimetopus

CHERRRAP01

Raphaël Poulain

Gothenburg

Raphine, VA

Raphimetopus incarnatella

Raphel (disambiguation)

Raphe cluster

Raphe pterygomandibularis

Raphaël Granier de Cassagnac

Raphiglossa is an African and Palearctic genus of potter wasps.

Raphaëlle Farman

Raphidiophryidae is a family of mostly freshwater centrohelids. It is the sister family of Acanthocystidae, sharing the trait of presenting silica scales and comprising the clade Chalarothoracina. Two genera, Raphidiophrys and Polyplacocystis, have been discovered so far.

Raphaël Gagné

Raphaël Haroche

Art-based research

Raphaël Pujazon

Raphidovirus

Raphe pharyngis

Raphia personata

West African piassava palm

Raphide

Raphidiophrys

Louis-Joseph-Raphaël Collin

Raphimetopus spinifrontella is a species of snout moth. It is found in India.

*Metroxylon ruffia Spreng.
*Raphia kirkii Engl. ex Becc.
*Raphia kirkii var. grandis Engl. ex Becc.
*Raphia kirkii var. longicarpa Engl. ex Becc.
*Raphia lyciosa Comm. ex Kunth
*Raphia pedunculata P.Beauv.
*Raphia polymita Comm. ex Kunth
*Raphia ruffia Mart.
*Raphia tamatavensis Sadeb.
*Sagus farinifera Gaertn.
*Sagus pedunculata Poir.
*Sagus ruffia Jacq. Synonym

Raphidiophrys is a genus of centrohelid. R. intermedia is found in the bottom sludge of freshwater bodies in Canada, Chile, Argentina, Australia, New Zealand, Malaysia, Russia, and central Europe.

Barcelona
Yann Guthmann

*Raphimetopus stigmatella (Ragonot, 1888)

Brussels

Raphaël Nuzzolo

Raphicerus

Raphinha

Raphaël Dubois

Raphetis is a genus of beetles in the family Carabidae, containing the following species:Raphetis curta Baehr, 2003Raphetis darlingtoni Moore, 1963Raphetis gracilis Moore, 1963^ "Raphetis Moore, 1963". Carabidae of the World. 2011. Retrieved 27 Mar 2012.

Lucas, 1849

Martin Müller

Writer

Raphaële Bidault-Waddington

Raphaël Millet

Raphicerus is a genus of small antelopes of the tribe Neotragini (subfamily Antilopinae).Raphicerus is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa, ranging from Kenya in the north to the Western Cape in South Africa.The genus contains three species:Cape or southern grysbok R. melanotisSharpe's or northern grysbok R. sharpeiSteenbok R. campestris

Raphia australis, the giant palm or rafia, is a species of raffia palm in the Arecaceae family. It is found around Kosi Bay in Mozambique and South Africa. It is threatened by habitat loss by agriculture; it is being threatened in Bobole Special Reserve but is secure in Kosi Bay.

Raphaël Tardon

R. incarnatella

H. Smith, 1827

IUCN3.1

Late Holocene

Catherine David

Madison

Raphiglossoides

Raphidiophrys contractilis

Raphel Jerome Cherry (born December 19, 1961 in Little Rock, Arkansas) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Detroit Lions. He played college football at the University of Hawaii.In 1999, Cherry was convicted of first degree murder in the death of his wife. He was initially sentenced to life imprisonment, but upon appeal of his conviction, his sentenced was reduced to 30 years. Cherry's estimated release date is January 9, 2020.

Yang Yu-min

SC Le Dauphin Ettelbruck

Raphaël Lévy

Raphines

Raphaël Personnaz

Adams Prize

Fabien Pelous

Chinese Taipei

Raphidonema sp. from England.

Raphaël Comte in 2010

Woodbridge

Raphia farinifera fruits

†Pezophaps

Raphel lemkin

Phoenix

Raphel Cherry

Raphi Cohen

*Anerastia ablutella (Zeller, 1839)
*Anerastia flaveolellus (Ragonot, 1877)
*Anerastia seeboldi (Ragonot, 1894)
*Emmalocera seeboldi
*Rhinaphe seeboldi
*Raphimetopus buxtoni (Rothschild, 1921)
*Raphimetopus stigmatella (Ragonot, 1888)

s+b

Raphiinae

Raphia regalis

*Metroxylon viniferum (P.Beauv.) Spreng.)

Raphiael Rashad Putney (born April 21, 1990) is an American professional basketball player for Pasta Reggia Caserta of the Italian Serie A. He played college basketball for the UMass Minutemen.

Raphidonema is an extinct genus of calcareous sponges.

Birmingham

Raphides are needle-shaped crystals of calcium oxalate as the monohydrate or calcium carbonate as aragonite, found in more than 200 families of plants. Both ends are needle-like, but raphides tend to be blunt at one end and sharp at the other.

Raphine

†Raphictis

center

Milan

Raphia abrupta

Female Steenbok, Namibia

Raphaël Dogui

Raphaël Ibañez

Marseille, France

Raphicerus campestris

Raphe magnus

Vocals, guitar, piano

Chicago

Aulacophora foveicollis( )

Raphimetopus nitidicostella is a species of snout moth. It is found in Russia.The wingspan is about 18 mm.

Raphel mai ameche zabi almi

In taxonomy, Raphidocelis is a genus of green algae, specifically of the Selenastraceae.

Nygaard, Komárek, J.Kristiansen & O.M.Skulberg

Raphaël Douady

Species

Raf

Raphaël Nadjari

Raphaël Liogier

Raphi Kanchanaraphi

Raphia (plant)

Raphelengius was a family of printers in 16th and 17th century Flanders. The family name is the Latinized form of the Dutch family name van Ravelingen, known from the Flemish place name Ravelingen, today a village in the Belgian harbor city Ostend.The progenitor, Franciscus Raphelengius the Elder (1539-1597), undertook the operation of his father-in-law Christopher Plantin's printing house in Leiden in 1585. His three sons, Christoph (1566-1600), Franciscus (1568-c.

Slow left-arm orthodox

Raphaël Faÿs

Seoul, South Korea

Raphiodon

Raphidae

Raphidonema (sponge)

Raphidonema nivale

Aix-en-Provence

Raphidocelis subcapitata

French national rugby union captain

Raphia flexuosa

Raphides

Raphi Cohen (in Hebrew: רפי כהן, born 1975 Jerusalem) is an Israeli chef.Raphi Cohen raised in the German Colony, Jerusalem, he started his apprenticeship at age 13 in King David Hotel pastry. As a teenager he worked in Grappa restaurant. When Arcadia restaurant in Jerusalen opened in 1995, he started working there during his military service.When Cohen finished his military service he went abroad for three years. He worked with Alain Passard and Pierre Gagnaire in Paris, France, with Marco Pierre White in London, Britain, and at the hotel restaurant Don Alfonso in Sant'Agata sui due Golfi near Naples Italy. All the four hold at that time in three stars in Michelin Guide.When Cohen came back to Israel, he was appointed as chef in large of La Regence at the King David hotel, Jerusalem. In 2001, at age 25, he opened Raphael restaurant in King David hotel, Tel Aviv.Cohen combined in the restaurant menu the Haute cuisine with strong influence from the Moroccan cuisine which he learned from his grandmother, with dishes like Moroccan Cigars and Couscous.Frommer's Guide wrote that "Chef Raphi Cohen is among Israel's best, and his ever-changing menu reflects a feel for French/Mediterranean cuisine heavily touched with the flavors of Israel.".Your way site wrote: "Chef Raphi Cohen that is considered to be one the top chefs and one of the most surprising chefs in Israeli cuisine...The Rafael restaurant is definitely one of the good restaurants of Tel Aviv. "Telavivme writes "considered as a one of the top-chef's restaurants in Tel Aviv."It's chosen as one of the ten best restaurants in Israel by Sagi Cohen, Maariv's Food critic. And chosen as one of the best restaurants in Israel by Daniel Rogov, Haaretz food and wine critic And as one of the ten best restaurants by Al Hashulchan magazine

Raphidopalpa foveicollis, the red pumpkin beetle, is a species of beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is a foliar pest of members of the Cucurbitaceae, particularly the pumpkin.

Raphel Jerome Cherry (born December 19, 1961 in Little Rock, Arkansas) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Detroit Lions. He played college football at the University of Hawaii.In 1999, Cherry was convicted of first degree murder in the death of his wife. He was initially sentenced to life imprisonment, but upon appeal of his conviction, his sentenced was reduced to 30 years.

*Anerastia nitidicostella (Ragonot, 1887)

Raphaël Tisserand

Raphimetopus spinifrontella

Raphaël Marie Ze

Incarcerated at the Cummins Unit near Pine Bluff, Arkansas

Raphidiodea

Vespidae

Netanya 2015

true

Raphiolepis ovata

R. ablutella

Denmark

Whitehead Prize

→ Luverdense

Raphaël de Thoor

Dax, France

Rafael Llodra

Rotterdam

Raphe Nuclei

Raphaël Thierry

Raphe of scrotum

Raphaël Ze

*Raphimetopus buxtoni (Rothschild, 1921)

Raphia australis

Amsterdam

Raphe nucleus

Michel Broué and J.G. Thompson

Raphael Salem

::Raphicerus melanotis
::Raphicerus sharpei
::Raphicerus campestris

École Centrale Paris

Raphe pallidus

Raphes

Yokohama

Créolité

Raphaël Llodra

Raphaël I Bidawid

*Raphidia ambigua
*Raphidia ariadne
*Raphidia armeniaca
*Raphidia bavarica
*Raphidia beieri
*Raphidia communis
*Raphidia duomilia
*Raphidia friederikae
*Raphidia grusinica
*Raphidia huettingeri
*Raphidia immaculata
*Raphidia kimminsi
*Raphidia ligurica
*Raphidia mongolica
*Raphidia mysia
*Raphidia nuchensis
*Raphidia ophiopsis
*Raphidia palaeformis
*Raphidia peterrelssi
*Raphidia taurica
*Raphidia ulrikae

Raphimetopus is a genus of snout moths. It was described by Hampson in 1918.

Mahmoudi's brothers

Raphe perinealis

Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl. is a tropical African palm tree occurring in lowland riparian and swamp forest, also around human habitations and cultivated locations, on stream banks and other moist situations at altitudes of 50-1000 m. Found in Angola, Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and naturalised in Madagascar. Its genus is derived from 'raphis' = needle, probably in reference to the 4 mm long yellowish spines on the margins and main veins of the leaflets. The specific name refers to a type of starchy flour obtained from the trunk pith - 'farina' = starch, 'fera' = bearing. margins and main veins with yellowish spines up to 4 mm longIt is one of 26 species currently recognised, all endemic to Africa and Madagascar, with one species, R. taedigera found in Central and South America. Their fronds - botanically a single leaf - are among the longest in the plant kingdom, those of R. regalis reaching a length of 25 m. The trunk of this species is up to 10 m tall and about 1 m in diameter - the topmost fronds reach up a further 10 m - and sheathed in persistent leaf bases. Trees occur singly or, because of suckering, in dense clumps. The pendant inflorescences are massive and some 3 m in length, bearing unisexual flowers - male flowers at the distal end, female flowers at proximal - with first order branches of 13-32 rachillae very close-packed in almost one plane (see illustration). Raphia spp are monocarpic or hapaxanthic, flowering and fruiting only once, followed by death. Raphia farinifera flowers when the tree is some 20-25 years old, and it takes a further 5–6 years from flowering to ripe fruit, all fruits ripening together. Fruit is oblong to ovoid, 5-10 cm in length, with imbricate, glossy, golden-brown scales.

Raphimetopus buxtoni

Lower pons horizontal KB.svg

Raphel Soyer

Raphiglossa

Canadian

Section of the medulla oblongata at about the middle of the olive.

Raphi Kanchanaraphi (1936 – February 19, 2010) was a world-class badminton player who represented both Thailand and Canada in international competition, and won national doubles and mixed doubles titles in both countries. Known for his anticipation and racket control, Kanchanaraphi was one of a cadre of fine Thai doubles players who helped Thailand to strongly contend for the Thomas Cup (men's international team competition trophy) in both 1961 and 1964.

Raphidopalpa

Raphinae

nuclei raphe

Raphaël ou le débauché

Raphiolepsis

Candresse, Landes, France

R. spinifrontella

R. nitidicostella

Raphi Cohen (in Hebrew: רפי כהן, born 1975 Jerusalem) is an Israeli chef.Raphi Cohen raised in the German Colony, Jerusalem, he started his apprenticeship at age 13 in King David Hotel pastry. As a teenager he worked in Grappa restaurant. When Arcadia restaurant in Jerusalen opened in 1995, he started working there during his military service.When Cohen finished his military service he went abroad for three years.

*Heterosigma akashiwo virus 01

Raphew Reed Jr

Seattle

Raphaël Ibaňez

Raphia pallula

Manchester

by 1778

Hampson, 1918

Raphe

Raphia farinifera (Gaertn.) Hyl. is a tropical African palm tree occurring in lowland riparian and swamp forest, also around human habitations and cultivated locations, on stream banks and other moist situations at altitudes of 50-1000 m. Found in Angola, Benin, Burkina, Cameroon, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Nigeria, Réunion, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe, and naturalised in Madagascar.

Raphe pontis

R. australis

Raphia coloradensis

Raphew Reed

IUCN2.3

Porto Alegre, Brazil

Raphi Kanchanaraphi (1936 – February 19, 2010) was a world-class badminton player who represented both Thailand and Canada in international competition, and won national doubles and mixed doubles titles in both countries. Known for his anticipation and racket control, Kanchanaraphi was one of a cadre of fine Thai doubles players who helped Thailand to strongly contend for the Thomas Cup (men's international team competition trophy) in both 1961 and 1964. In partnership with Narong Bhornchima, Kanchanaraphi won 15 of his 18 Thomas Cup doubles matches in those two seasons, the wins including both of his doubles matches against Indonesia in the 1961 Challenge Round. Kanchanaraphi and Bhornchima were men's doubles runners-up in the prestigious All-England Championships in 1962, narrowly losing to the famous Danes Finn Kobbero and Jorgen Hammergaard Hansen. In 1969 Kanchanaraphi migrated to Canada where he won more titles, and competed in the Thomas Cup campaigns of 1973 and 1976 for Canada with former Thai teammate Channarong Ratanaseangsuang.

Raphelengius was a family of printers in 16th and 17th century Flanders. The family name is the Latinized form of the Dutch family name van Ravelingen, known from the Flemish place name Ravelingen, today a village in the Belgian harbor city Ostend.The progenitor, Franciscus Raphelengius the Elder (1539-1597), undertook the operation of his father-in-law Christopher Plantin's printing house in Leiden in 1585. His three sons, Christoph (1566-1600), Franciscus (1568-c. 1643), and Justus (1573-1628), ran the house from the death of their father until 1619. All four were scholars of Oriental languages and published their own books.

Raphaël Personnaz at the 2016 César Awards

Raphia on the road to Ribaue .jpg

†Didymictinae

Paul Renie

R. subcapitata

Prague

* Raphiglossoides aethiopicus Giordani Soika, 1936
* Raphiglossoides minutus

Raphia (disambiguation)

Raphaël González-Robles

Le Lorrain, Martinique

December 2016

Right-hand bat

Mahmoudi Gym

Lawyer, politician

Raphaël Piolanti

Rapheal lemkin

Raphaël Trémouilhe

†R. gausion

R. vinifera

Raphe malik

Saloniki, Ottoman Empire

Madrid

Raphaël de Monachis

* NBA D-League All-Star
* Seri Mutiara Champions Cup champion
* Seri Mutiara Champions Cup Championship Game MVP

Raphel

Raphia (town)

Phycodnaviridae

Plantae

Raphaël Etifier

solo_singer

Hinde, 1883

Raphidonema tatrae

Raphelengius

Raphidioptera

Raphaël Ngazouze

R. regalis

Raphidocelis subcapitata, formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata is a microalga. This microalga presents a curved and twisted appearance like a sickle. The cells are normally presented in a solitary form. It has a length between 8 and 14 µm, and a width between 2 and 3 µm. It is commonly used as a bioindicator species to assess the levels of nutrients or toxic substances in freshwater environments.

Jean-Paul Enthoven

s+r
Simon Nielsen

Raphe musculi iliococcygei

Raphia (palm)

Austin

Singer–songwriter, composer, actor

Rio Grande Valley Vipers

Milliès-Lacroix in 1921

Raphia Palm

writer, critic, producer, director

blc

Raphaël Thierrin

Raphidocelis subcapitata'

Raphaël Mathieu

Oberm. & Strey

Raphiolepis indica

*Raphia kirkii var. grandis Engl. ex Becc.

Horizontal cross section of the brainstem at the lower pons. The raphe nucleus is labeled #18 in the middle.

NS Matrix

Raphidocelis subcapitata, formerly known as Selenastrum capricornutum and Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata is a microalga. This microalga presents a curved and twisted appearance like a sickle. The cells are normally presented in a solitary form. It has a length between 8 and 14 µm, and a width between 2 and 3 µm. It is commonly used as a bioindicator species to assess the levels of nutrients or toxic substances in freshwater environments. This species is quite sensitive to the presence of toxic substances including metals and has a ubiquitous distribution, so is broadly used in ecotoxicology.

Draper

Gingerich & Winkler, 1985

Manila

Former range

*Metroxylon viniferum ( Spreng.)
*Raphia diasticha (Burret)
*Raphia vinifera var. nigerica (Otedoh)
*Sagus raphia (Poir.)
*Sagus vinifera ( Pers.)
*Sagus vinifera ( Poir.)

Raphaël salem

wmc