China South Han

USA San Antonio Caucasian…

Japan Aichi

HLA-B45

HLA-DM (human leukocyte antigen DM) is an intracellular protein involved in peptide presentation by MHC class II. It is encoded by the genes HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB.In the endosomes, HLA-DM functions by promoting the dissociation of the CLIP peptide (a place holder peptide) from MHC class II which allows endosomal peptides to bind.

Iran Baloch

Saudi Arabia Guraiat and …
India North Delhi

Italy Bergamo

Mex. Chihuahua Tarahumara

Japan Ainu Hokkaido

Kenya

USA Arizona Pima

USA New Mexico Canoncito …

HLA-B38 (B38) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*38 allele products of the HLA-B gene-locus.B38 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B16, and is a sister type of B39. The B*3801 allele is more common in Eastern, Southern and Southeastern Europe, while the B*3802 allele is more common in the Far East.

HLA-A66 (A66) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α66 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A66, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*66 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A66 and A*66 are almost synonymous in meaning. A66 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10. A66 is a sister serotype of A25, A26, A34, and A43.A66 is more common in Africa and Southwest Europe.

Brazil

China Beijing

HLA-B16 (B16) is an HLA - B serotype. B16 is a broad antigen serotype that recognizes the B38 and B39 split antigen serotypes.

heterodimer

Uganda Kampala

PNG Wosera

HLA-B39 (B39) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*39 gene products.B39 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B16, and is a sister type of B38. B39 is most commonly found on the west pacific rim, in Japan and highest frequency in the new world. In Europe it is found in Scandinavia and Northern Russia.

is poor, with low specific detection, high non-specific identification by A28, and false recognition by A68 and A2

Pakistan Baloch

Mexico Guadalajara Mestiz…

HLA-B21 (B21) is an HLA - B serotype. B21 is a broad antigen serotype that recognizes the B49 and B50 split antigen serotypes.

Brazil Pernambuco State

Simon Nicholls

HLA (disambiguation)

Singapore Javanese Indone…

Jordan Amman

Cameroon Pygmy Baka

Croatia

Chromosome 6p21.31

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 3, also known as HLA-DQB3, is a human gene and also denotes the genetic locus which contains this gene. While the overall sequence of the protein encoded by this gene is similar to other HLA class II beta chains, the translated protein is lacking several domains and therefore it is not clear that this gene encodes a functional protein.

England Lancaster

Cameroon Sawa

USA Hispanic

Papua New Guinea Madang

France West
Burkina Faso Rimaibe

HLA-A43 (A43) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α43 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A43, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*43 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*4301. A43 and A*43 are almost synonymous in meaning. A43 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A10.

HLA-B76

India Kerala Hindu Nair

Russia Tuva

Cape Verde Northwestern I…

antigen presentation

HLA-B22 (B22) is an HLA - B serotype. B22 is a broad antigen serotype that recognizes the B54, B55, and B56 split antigen serotypes.

American Samoa

Nigel Regan

HLA-B60 (B60) is an HLA - B serotype. B60 is a split antigen serotype that recognizes certain B40 serotypes.

HLA-DR

Crystallographic structure of human HLA-DM.

Pakistan Pathan

Russia Tuva pop 2

Bulgaria

Scotland Orkney

HLA-C (gene)

South Africian Natal Zulu

HLA-DPB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain , both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells . The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DP molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to 4 different molecules.

Argentina Toba Rosario
right

HLA-A80 (A80) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α80 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A80, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*80 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*8001. A80 and A*80 are almost synonymous in meaning.A80 is more common in West Central Africa. A80 is the least common HLA-A allele group.

HLA-B39

HLA-B*82 (B*82) is an HLA-B allele-group. There is no current useful serotyping for HLA-B*82 gene products. B*8201 was first identified by sequence analysis and appears to be derived by gene conversion between B*5602 and another HLA class I allele., later B*8202 was identified in a caucasian and was suggested to be ancestral to B*8201, as product between gene conversion of B*5602 allele and B*4501 allele.

USA North American Native…

HLA-DMA

Georgia Tibilisi Kurds

Mexico Chihuahua State Ta…

Major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 4, also known as HLA-DRB4, is a human gene.

AX"BG"

HLA-DR is an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31. The complex of HLA-DR (Human Leukocyte Antigen - antigen D Related) and its ligand, a peptide of 9 amino acids in length or longer, constitutes a ligand for the T-cell receptor (TCR).

yes

Pakistan Kalash

Tunisia Ghannouch

Argentina Chiriguanos

USA African America

HLA-A80 typing is poor. Most typing is done with SSP-PCR. Most of 8001 are detected
with "Blank" serotype.

Philippines Ivatan

HLA-B58

Spain Eastern Andalusia G…

DQ α3β8

HLA-A9

Kenya Nandi

France South East

Africa and Central Asia

Thailand Northeast

HLA-B46 (B46) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the gene products of HLA-B*4601 allele. B*4601 resulted from a rare, interlocus, gene conversion between B62, probably B*1501, and a HLA-C allele. B*4601 is the most common HLA-B allele that does not have an origin within Africa, and estimated 400 million people in Eastern Asia carry a B46 allele.

Australia Indig. Yuendumu

PNG Eastern Highlands Gor…

HLA-DP

2ndType

HLA-B58 (B58) is an HLA-B serotype. B58 is a split antigen from the B17 broad antigen, the sister serotype B57. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*58 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) B*5801 is associated with allopurinol induced inflammatory necrotic skin disease.

CAR Mbenzele Pygmy

HLA-B18 (B18) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*18 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) B*1801, the most common allele is at highest frequencies in Northern Italy and the Balkans, a peak frequency distribution it shares with B*3501.

HLA-B*82

HLAH (Head Like a Hole) is a rock band from Wellington, New Zealand. The group is named after the Nine Inch Nails song of the same name.

China Yunnan Nu

Taiwan Siraya

HLA-DR8 (DR8) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0801 to *0807, and *0810 to *0812 gene products.

USA Caucasians

Zambia Lusaka

Spain Basque Arratia Vall…

HLA-B35

HLA-DR5 (DR5) is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR11 and HLA-DR12 antigen serotypes.

Lebanon
Mexico Mixe Oaxaca

HLA-DR09 (DR9) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1001 gene product.

South Korea

PNG New Britain Rabaul

HLA-A74 (A74) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α74 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A74, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*74 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A74 and A*74 are almost synonymous in meaning. A74 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A74 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A31, A32, and A33.A74 is more common in Subsaharan Africa.

Swiss Geneva

Czech Republic

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB5 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB5 gene.

HLA-DR10

HLA-DQB2 (gene)

Wales

HLAH

France Corsica

Beatnik

HLA-DVB

Africa and Southwest Europe

HLA-DQ

HLA-Cw7 (Cw7) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-C serotype group. (For more general information on HLA serotypes, please see the article: History and naming of human leukocyte antigens.) Cw7 is determined by the antibody recognition of α7 subset of HLA-Cw α-chains. For the serotype Cw7, the alpha chain are encoded by the HLA-Cw*07 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. Cw7 and Cw*07 are almost synonymous in meaning. Cw7 is more common in West Africa to Ireland.

Finland
Taiwan Puyuma

HLA-B61 (B61) is an HLA - B serotype. B61 is a split antigen serotype that recognizes certain B40 serotypes.

Bulgaria Gipsy

HLA-B*83 (B83) is an HLA-B allele-group composed of a single allele, B*8301. There is no useful serology associated with this allele.It is found in a single Mbenzele Pygmy tribe of the Central Africa Republic at 1.5%. B*8301 appears to be the result of the replacement of exon 2 from B*4402 with exon 2 from B*5603. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

HLA-B49 (B49) is an HLA-B serotype. B49 is a split antigen from the B21 broad antigen, the sister serotype B50. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*50 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

Cameroon Bamileke

is most similar to A66.

India New Delhi
A19

HLA-B53

Thailand

HLA-B17

allele2b

I'm on Fire

HLA-DR12(DR12) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1201 to *1203, *1206. DR12 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR11 antigens.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB3-1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB3 gene.

Cameroon Beti

Spain North Cantabrian

DQ α4β4.2

HLA-B44 (B44) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*44 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.B44 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B12, and is a sister type of B45.

HLA-B35 (B35) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*35 gene products. B35 is one of the largest B serotype groups, it currently has 97 known nucleotide variants and 86 polypeptide isoforms. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial). This variant is particularly susceptible to HIV infection.

Japan Central

Pakistan Burusho

Greece

Ireland South

HLA-B37

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 (subtypes B*2701-2759) is a class I surface antigen encoded by the B locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 and presents antigenic peptides (derived from self and non-self antigens) to T cells. HLA-B27 is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and other associated inflammatory diseases referred to as "spondyloarthropathies".

HLA-B14 (B14) is a HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*45 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.B14 is a broad antigen composed to two, B64 and B65, split antigens. In the case of B14 the recognition of the broad antigen is more useful than split antigen recognition because of the relatively poor discrimination of the split antigens (see Table below).

Taiwan Tsou

Tunisia

England Liverpool

Ireland Northern

HLA-DR18 (DR18) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0302 and *0303 gene products. Compared to DR17 which is found at high frequency in Western Europe, DR18 is found more in SE Europe and Central Asia.

Russia Chuvash

HLA-DR1 (DR1) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*01 gene products.

Spain Catalonia Girona

Mali Bandiagara

is believed to have been formed by a single gene conversion between another HLA-A and the A*2601 allele.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRA gene. HLA-DRA encodes the alpha subunit of HLA-DR. Unlike the alpha chains of other Human MHC class II molecules, the alpha subunit is practically invariable. However it can pair with, in any individual, the beta chain from 3 different DR beta loci, DRB1, and two of any DRB3, DRB4, or DRB5 alleles. Thus there is the potential that any given individual can form 4 different HLA-DR isoforms (2 alleles of DRB1 and two alleles from DRB3, DRB4 or DRB5).

Brazil Belo Horizonte

HLA-B60

HLA-B21

Spain Minorca

Spain Pas Valley

A36

China Yunnan Lisu

HLA-B41 (B41) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies HLA-B*4101, *4102, *4103 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

HLA-B72

South African Natal Zulu

Cameroon Yaounde

Turkey

Pakistan Brahui

Sri Lanka Colombo Sinhale…

Croatia pop2

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOA gene.HLA-DOA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. HLA-DOA forms a heterodimer with HLA-DOB. The heterodimer, HLA-DO, is found in lysosomes in B cells and regulates HLA-DM-mediated peptide loading on MHC class II molecules. In comparison with classical HLA class II molecules, this gene exhibits very little sequence variation, especially at the protein level.

Sudanese

is rare HLA-A allele group

Sweden Stockholm

Spain Ibizans

HLA-DQA2 (gene)

India West Bhils

HLA-DQ4 (DQ4) is a serotype subgroup within HLA-DQ(DQ) serotypes. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of β4 subset of DQ β-chains. The β-chain of DQ is encoded by HLA-DQB1 locus and DQ4 are encoded by the HLA-DQB1*04 allele group. This group currently contains 2 common alleles, DQB1*0401 and DQB1*0402. HLA-DQ4 and HLA-DQB1*04 are almost synonymous in meaning. DQ4 β-chains combine with α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, nicknamed DQ4.3 and DQ4.4, are also encoded by the DQA1*0303 and DQA1*0401 genes, respectively.

HLA-B53 (B53) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*53 gene products. The B53 sequence is identical to B35 but short sequence specifies a Bw4 rather than a Bw6 motif (as found in B35), indicating B53 is a recent product of gene conversion. This suggests an origin for HLA-B53 involving a gene conversion of HLA-B35 by an allele containing this Bw4 sequence. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

Australia Indig. Groote E…

Mongolia Oold

HLA-B47

Peru Arequipa

Romanian

Italy North pop 1

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DQ(6) alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQA2 gene. Also known as HLA-DXA or DAAP-381D23.2, it is part of the human leucocyte antigen system.The protein encoded by this gene is expressed, but unlike HLA-DQA1, it apparently unable to heterodimerize with HLA class II beta chain paralogues. The low level of HLA-DQA2 expression is apparently due to impaired transcription factor binding to the HLA-DQA2 gene promoter.

England Leeds

Italy North Pavia

HLA-NET is a network targeted to the study of Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) from a populational point of view. The network was initiated by COST Action BM0803 in January 2009. Currently HLA-NET activities are being coordinated by a subcommittee of the scientific committee of the European Federation for Immunogenetics.

HLA-B*83

Mexico Teenek Huasteca Re…

HLA-B56

DQ4.3b

USA South Dakota Lakota S…

Southeast Europe, where it is part of the Cw4-B35 haplotype

Portugal Centre

Pakistan Sindhi

Turkey class I

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DX beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DQB2 gene.

HLA-B14

Africa and SouthWest Asia

USA Asian

Venezuela Sierra de Perij…

HLA-DR6 (DR6) is a broad-antigen serotype that is further split into HLA-DR13 and HLA-DR14 antigen serotypes.

UK Caucasians

HLA-B59

Kenya Luo

HLA-B55

Comfortably Shagged

Serbia
HLA-A31 (A31) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α31 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A31, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*3101. A31 and A*31 are almost synonymous in meaning. A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A31 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A32, A33, and A74.A31 is more common in South and Central America.

HLA-DR52

China Guangdong Meizhou H…

Blood Will Out

HLA-A66

HLA-A69

HLA-B50 (B50) is an HLA-B serotype. B50 is a split antigen from the B21 broad antigen, the sister serotype B49. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*50 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

Senegal Niokholo Mandenka

HLA-B*82 (B*82) is an HLA-B allele-group. There is no current useful serotyping for HLA-B*82 gene products. B*8201 was first identified by sequence analysis and appears to be derived by gene conversion between B*5602 and another HLA class I allele., later B*8202 was identified in a caucasian and was suggested to be ancestral to B*8201, as product between gene conversion of B*5602 allele and B*4501 allele. B*82 is more common in East Africa, Kenya and Sudan, the frequency of B*8201 is found in the peoples to the west, sporadically in Central and West Africa, B*8202 is found in Sudan and Saudi Arabia.

HLA-DR12

Large proline-rich protein BAT3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAT3 gene.A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for TNF alpha and TNF beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein. It has been implicated in the control of apoptosis and regulating heat shock protein. There are three alternatively spliced transcript variants described for this gene.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DR alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRA gene. HLA-DRA encodes the alpha subunit of HLA-DR. Unlike the alpha chains of other Human MHC class II molecules, the alpha subunit is practically invariable. However it can pair with, in any individual, the beta chain from 3 different DR beta loci, DRB1, and two of any DRB3, DRB4, or DRB5 alleles.

Taiwan Rukai

HLA-B40 (B40) is an HLA - B serotype. B40 is composed of the B60 and B61 split antigen serotypes

HLA-DR17

Belgium

HLA-B37 (B37) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*37 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

HLA-E (gene)

Cornbag

China Inner Mongolia

PNG Madang

HLA-B46

HLA-DR16

HLA-A32
Algeria1

India Tamil Nadu Nadar

HLA-DP is a protein/peptide-antigen receptor and graft-versus-host disease antigen that is composed of 2 subunits, DPα and DPβ. DPα and DPβ are encoded by two loci, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1, that are found in the MHC Class II (or HLA-D) region in the Human Leukocyte Antigen complex on human chromosome 6 (see protein boxes on right for links).

HLA-B59 (B59) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*## gene products. B59 is a hybrid between B*55 and B*51. B59 is more common in Japan, Korea, N. China and Mongolia. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

Portugal Centre pop 2

India Khandesh Pawra

HLA-DM (human leukocyte antigen DM) is an intracellular protein involved in peptide presentation by MHC class II. It is encoded by the genes HLA-DMA and HLA-DMB.In the endosomes, HLA-DM functions by promoting the dissociation of the CLIP peptide (a place holder peptide) from MHC class II which allows endosomal peptides to bind. Possibly by its preferential binding of the open, peptide-less conformation of MHC class II, HLA-DM then catalyzes peptide exchange, favoring more stable peptide-MHC complexes (which are resistant to DM action). Thus, HLA-DM is thought to play an important role in "editing" the peptide repertoire.HLA-DM is a protein involved in the immune system. It is a molecular chaperone that works in lysosomes and endosomes. HLA-DM plays a role in the proper loading of peptides and presentation of the peptides in macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and other antigen presenting cells. The protein is unable to bind peptides itself, so it interacts with major histocompatibility protein II (MHCII) to speed up the molecule’s binding and releasing of peptides. HLA-DM regulates the peptides that bind to MHCII and present the antigen on antigen presenting cells, therefore controlling which antigen(s) the body mounts an immune response to.The genes for HLA-DM are located in the MHCII region of the human chromosome 6. The genes code for the alpha and beta chains that makeup the protein. HLA-DM consists of two polymers and three ligands: BETA-D-MANNOSE (BMA), CHLORIDE ION (CL), and 2-(ACETYLAMINO)-2-DEOXY-A-D-GLUCOPYRANOSE (NDG). The structure of HLA-DM was determined by x-ray diffraction at a resolution of 2.27 Å.The Ramachandran Plot of HLA-DM can be seen here.

HLA-DR11 (DR11) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1101 to *1110. DR11 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR5 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR12 antigens.

Fish Across Face

USA Caucasian pop2

Illustration of HLA-DQ with gliadin peptide in the binding pocket.

Never Mind Today

HLA-B12 (B12) is an HLA - B serotype. B12 is a broad antigen serotype that recognizes the B44 and B45 split antigen serotypes.

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DO beta

Guinea Bissau

A Crying Shame

HLA-A33

A74

South Africa Natal Tamil

China Tibetan

HLA-DR11

Australia New South Wales

Brazil Terena

A69

HLA-DZA, HLA-DNA

HLA-B57

Saudi Arabia

Georgia Tibilisi Georgian…

HLA-DR16(DR16) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1601, *1602 and *1604 gene products. DR16 is found in the Mediterranean at modest frequencies. DR16 is part of the older HLA-DR2 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR15 antigens.

USA N. Mexico Canoncito N…

HLA-DRB1 (gene)

Morocco 'berber' Nador Me…

Israel Arab Druse

Immune recognition and

HLA-A68 (A68) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α68 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A68, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*68 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A68 and A*68 are almost synonymous in meaning. A68 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A28.

DQ8.4

Glory Glory

HLA-DR14

Taiwan Minnan pop 1

left
Zimbabwe Harare Shona

USA Alaska Yupik Natives

HLA-A36 (A36) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α36 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A36, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*36 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*3601. A36 and A*36 are almost synonymous in meaning.A36 is more common in Africa (North and East) and Central Asia. A36 is rare HLA-A allele group.

USA Caucasian

China Yunnan Han

Georgia Svaneti Svans

HLA-C554

Madeira

Burkina Faso Mossi

HLA-B45 (B45) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*45 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.B45 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B12, and is a sister type of B44.

HLA-DR14(DR14) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1401 to *1408, *1410 to *1418, and other *14 gene products. DR14 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR13 antigens.

Taiwan Tao

Portugal South

serotyping is poor

HLA-A69 (A69) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α69 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A69, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*69 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*6901. A69 and A*69 are almost synonymous in meaning. A69 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A28. A69 is a sister serotype of A68.A69 is more common in Levant. A69 (A*6901) is a derivative of the A*6801 allele that has undergone gene conversion with A*02. The recombination took place no more than 330,000 years ago.

HLA-B15 (B15) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.B15 is a broad antigen can be subdivided into several split antigens that are often used in characterization. These are B62, B63, B70, B71, B72, B75, B76, B77. B*15 is the largest allele grouping for any known human autosomal locus, idenitified as of August 2008 there are more than 150 alleles and ~140 amino acid sequence variants from those gene products.

Italy Sardinia pop3

Mongolia Buriat

Wet Rubber

Aw68.1

Sakhalin Island Nivkhi

HLA-DQB3

Brazil Parana Oriental

HLA-B55 (B55) is an HLA-B serotype. B55 is a split antigen from the B22 broad antigen, sister serotypes are B54 and B56. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*55 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

HLA-B57 (B57) is an HLA-B serotype. B57 is a split antigen from the B17 broad antigen, the sister serotype B58. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*58 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial) Like B58, B57 is involved in drug-induced inflammatory skin disorders.

Spain North Cabuernigo

HLA-DQ9

Morocco

HLA-DQ3

Michael Franklin-Browne

Mexico Sonora Seri

Keith

HLA-DR4 (DR4) is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*04 gene products. The DR4 serogroup is large and has a number of moderate frequency alleles spread over large regions of the world.

USA South Texas Hispanics

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP(W2) beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DPB1 gene.HLA-DPB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DPA) and a beta chain (DPB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail. Within the DP molecule both the alpha chain and the beta chain contain the polymorphisms specifying the peptide binding specificities, resulting in up to 4 different molecules.

Azores Santa Maria and Sa…

HLA-DR18

HLA-DR2

HLA-DPA1

HLA-DQ9 (DQ9) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-DQ (DQ) serotype group. DQ9 is a split antigen of the DQ3 broad antigen. DQ9 is determined by the antibody recognition of β9 and this generally detects the gene product of DQB1*0303.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B27 (subtypes B*2701-2759) is a class I surface antigen encoded by the B locus in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) on chromosome 6 and presents antigenic peptides (derived from self and non-self antigens) to T cells. HLA-B27 is strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and other associated inflammatory diseases referred to as "spondyloarthropathies". Diseases associated with the HLA-B27 subtype can be remembered with the mnemonic PAIR, and include Psoriasis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Inflammatory bowel disease, and Reactive arthritis.The prevalence of HLA-B27 varies markedly in the general population. For example, about 8% of Caucasians, 4% of North Africans, 2-9% of Chinese, and 0.1-0.5% of persons of Japanese descent possess this gene. In northern Scandinavia (Lapland), 24% of people are HLA-B27 positive, while 1.8% have associated ankylosing spondylitis.A small group (<0.5%) of people infected with HIV are able to remain symptom-free for many years without medication. These long-term nonprogressors appear to be slightly more common among people who are HLA-B27 positive.

HLA-B54 (B54) is an HLA-B serotype. B54 is a split antigen from the B22 broad antigen, sister serotypes are B55 and B56. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*55 gene products.

DQ α3β2

Serotyping efficiency for the predominant allele is good. There are 16 known alleles
that result in 15 isoforms of HLA-A32. One isoform may be poorly expressed.

HLA-DR5

HLA-A36

HLA-B42

HLA-B77 (B77) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies certain B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.B77 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B15.

MHC class II, DR

Major histocompatibility complex, class I, Y (pseudogene) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-Y gene.

HLA-DQ3 (DQ3) is a broad serotype category with split antigens HLA-DQ7, DQ8, and DQ9. Historically, originally recognized as MB3 a DC4 serotype, DQw3 was one of three early determined antigens recognized as HLA-DQ along with HLA-DQ1 and HLA-DQ2. While the DQ3 molecules are structurally similar in beta chain, the DQ molecules differ markedly in function, even when present with the same DQ alpha subunit. For this reason they are best treated independently.

PNG Karimui Plateau

HLA-B (gene)

Russia Northwest

Taiwan Paiwan

Large proline-rich protein BAT3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAT3 gene.A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for TNF alpha and TNF beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein. It has been implicated in the control of apoptosis and regulating heat shock protein.

Booga Beazley in character at the video shoot for Glory Glory.

Aw68.2

HLA-A29 (A29) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α29 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A29, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*29 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*2902. A29 and A*29 are almost synonymous in meaning. A29 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19.

HLA-DRB5

China North Han
India West Coast Parsis
Japan
Mexico Zaptotec Oaxaca

India Andhra Pradesh Goll…

allele1b

HLA-A80

Mexico Mestizos

Macedonia

Taiwan Ami

serotyping is poor. A*6601 is also sometimes recognized by A25, and A*6602 is often recognized by A74

Western Africa and Southwestern Europe
A29 is also more common in Africa

Q9TQD3

HLA-DR13(DR13) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1301 to *13082, *1310 and some other *13 gene products. DR13 serotype is a split antigen of the older HLA-DR6 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR14 antigens.

type3alle1freq

HLA-DP is a protein/peptide-antigen receptor and graft-versus-host disease antigen that is composed of 2 subunits, DPα and DPβ. DPα and DPβ are encoded by two loci, HLA-DPA1 and HLA-DPB1, that are found in the MHC Class II (or HLA-D) region in the Human Leukocyte Antigen complex on human chromosome 6 (see protein boxes on right for links). Less is known about HLA-DP relative to HLA-DQ and HLA-DR but the sequencing of DP types and determination of more frequent haplotypes has progressed greatly within the last few years.

HLA-A68 (A68) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α68 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A68, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*68 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A68 and A*68 are almost synonymous in meaning. A68 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A28. A68 is a sister serotype of A69.A68 is more common in North America.== Serotype ==A68 is poor, with low specific detection, high non-specific identification by A28.

HLA-B71

HLA-DQ (DQ) is a cell surface receptor protein found on antigen presenting cells. It is an αβ heterodimer of type MHC class II. The α and β chains are encoded by two loci, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1, that are adjacent to each other on chromosome band 6p21.3. Both α-chain and β-chain vary greatly. A person often produces two α-chain and two β-chain variants and thus 4 isoforms of DQ.

Venezuela Perja Mountain …

HLA-DR51

HLA-C belongs to the MHC (human = HLA) class I heavy chain receptors. The C receptor is a heterodimer consisting of a HLA-C mature gene product and β2-microglobulin. The mature C chain is anchored in the membrane. MHC Class I molecules, like HLA-C, are expressed in nearly all cells, and present small peptides to the immune system which surveys for non-self peptides.HLA-C is a locus on chromosome 6, which encodes for a large number of HLA-C alleles that are Class-I MHC receptors. HLA-C, localized proximal to the HLA-B locus, is located on the distal end of the HLA region. Most HLA C:B haplotypes are in strong linkage disequilibrium and many are as ancient as the human species itself.

Spain Eastern Andalusia

type2alle2freq

Singapore Riau Malay

HLA-DRB3

HLA-B16

England London Ashkenazi …

HLA-B54

Taiwan Atayal

HLA-DP1B

Italy South Campania

DP binding pocket with ligand

India Mumbai Marathas

HLA-DR2 (DR2) of the HLA-DR serotype system, is a broad antigen serotype that is now preferentially covered by HLA-DR15 and HLA-DR16 serotype group. This serotype primarily recognizes gene products of the HLA-DRB1*15 and HLA-DRB1*16 allele groups.

Venezuela Perija Yucpa

HLA-A43

Swagger of Thieves

German Essen

HLA-B77

South Africa Tswana

Spain Basque Gipuzkoa Pro…

HLA-Cw4 (Cw4) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-C serotype group. (For more general information on HLA serotypes, please see the article: History and naming of human leukocyte antigens.) Cw4 is determined by the antibody recognition of α4 subset of HLA-Cw α-chains. For the serotype Cw4, the alpha chain are encoded by the HLA-Cw*04 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. Cw4 and Cw*04 are almost synonymous in meaning.

HLA-A33 (A33) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α33 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A33, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*33 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. A33 and A*33 are almost synonymous in meaning. A33 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19. A33 is a sister serotype of A29, A30, A31, A32, and A74.A33 is more common in Subsaharan Africa.

HLA-DR10 (DR10) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1001 gene product.

HLA-DQA1 (gene)

is a rare HLA-A allele group

HLA-B48 (B48) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*48 gene products. B48 is most common along the West Pacific Rim, Americas indigeonous peoples and Northern Eurasians. B*4801 is part of a group of alleles including B*4201 that share Intron 1 sequence with B*0702, which is common over Western and Central Asia, and has a distribution indicating an early and long presence in Eurasian humans. A*48 appears to be the result of a recombination event that occurred early in the settlement history of Central Asia that then spread eastward into the NW Pacific rim and the New World. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

HLA-DRA (gene)

Russia Arkhangelsk Pomors

Illustration of DR with bound ligand

HLA-DQ8

has a high false serotyping rate to

HLA-DR52 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB3 locus. There are 3 allele groups that can produce 35 isoforms.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution. having diverged from DRB1 approximately 4 million years ago.DRB3 locus is only apparent in a small subset of DR haplotypes, and most individuals lack DRB3.

HLA-Y

Taiwan Bunun

HLA-NET

Greece North

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMB gene.

Oman

Guatemala Mayans

HLA-DR7

Mongolia Hoton

USA African Americans pop…

HLA-DR53 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB4 locus. There are 13 alleles at this locus that encode 7 proteins.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution. and the DRB4 locus presence is linked to HLA-DR7 seropositivity.

image legend

MHC Class II, DQ cell surface antigen

HLA-DQ2 (DQ2) is a serotype group within HLA-DQ (DQ) serotyping system. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of β2 subset of DQ β-chains. The β-chain of DQ is encoded by HLA-DQB1 locus and DQ2 are encoded by the HLA-DQB1*02 allele group. This group currently contains two common alleles, DQB1*0201 and DQB1*0202. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQB1*02 are almost synonymous in meaning.

Cameroon Bakola Pygmy

Papua New Guinea Wanigela

HLA-B48

Burkina Faso Fulani

HLA-DMA (gene)

Mexico Mixtec Oaxaca

DQ α5β2

Sweden Uppsala County

commonAllele

HLA-DO

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain E (HLA-E) also known as MHC class I antigen E is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-E gene. The human HLA-E is a non-classical MHC class I molecule that is characterized by a limited polymorphism and a lower cell surface expression than its classical paralogues. The functional homolog in mice is called Qa-1b, officially known as H2-T23.

West Africa to Ireland

Japan Okinawa Ryukyuan

A28

England Newcastle

Italy Sardinia

New Caledonia

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOB gene.HLA-DOB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DOA) and a beta chain (DOB), both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DO suppresses peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by inhibiting HLA-DM. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail.

England Manchester

HLA-DQ4

HLA-DR6

HLA-B40

HLA-F

has a poor serotyping rate

Faster Hooves

HLA-F (gene)

India Jalpaiguri Toto

HLA-B44

HLA-B18

HLA-DPB1

China Guangzhou

HLA-B13 (B13) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*13 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

HLA-DR9

HLA-E

A43

Iran Tehran

DQ1 binding pocket with ligand

Azores Terceira Island

Head like a Hole

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRB1 beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DRB1 gene. DRB1 encodes the most prevalent beta subunit of HLA-DR. Several alleles of DRB1 (shared epitope alleles) are associated with an increased incidence of rheumatoid arthritis.

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMA gene.HLA-DMA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta chain (DMB), both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells (APC: B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages). The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail.
HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DM alpha chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DMA gene.HLA-DMA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DMA) and a beta chain (DMB), both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site.

Spanish Goat Dancer

HLA-D

PNG Wanigela

HLA-DQ8 (DQ8) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-DQ (DQ) serotype group. DQ8 is a split antigen of the DQ3 broad antigen. DQ8 is determined by the antibody recognition of β8 and this generally detects the gene product of DQB1*0302.DQ8 is commonly linked to autoimmune disease in the human population. DQ8 is the second most predominant isoform linked to coeliac disease and the DQ most linked to juvenile diabetes. DQ8 increases the risk for rheumatoid arthritis and is linked to the primary risk locus for RA, HLA-DR4. DR4 also plays an important role in juvenile diabetes. While the DQ8.1 haplotype is associated with disease, there is no known association with the DQB1*0305, DQ8.4 or DQ8.5 haplotypes (see infobox) with autoimmune disease; however, this may be the result of lack of study in populations that carry these and the very low frequency.DQ8.1 also differs from other HLA in population frequencies. Typically for MHC Class II antigens in humans, haplotype frequencies do not exceed 40%. For example, in the US the highest haplotype frequency, the haplotype that encoded DQ6.2, is around 15%, this translates into phenotype frequencies of less than 30%. Atypically haplotype frequencies exceed 40%.For DQ8 the highest haplotype frequencies approach 80% in parts of Central and South America and the phenotype frequencies approach 90%. This is the highest phenotype frequency observed for any DR or DQ phenotype in the human population by a wide margin.

MHC class II, DQ

HLA-B15
HLA-B15 (B15) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.B15 is a broad antigen can be subdivided into several split antigens that are often used in characterization. These are B62, B63, B70, B71, B72, B75, B76, B77. B*15 is the largest allele grouping for any known human autosomal locus, idenitified as of August 2008 there are more than 150 alleles and ~140 amino acid sequence variants from those gene products. Some of these alleles are discussed below. Other alleles, such as B*46 evolved from B*15. One reason for the diversity of this group is that B15 is among a group of alleles enriched in the original humans that left Africa and dispersed across East Asia and Australia. As people traveled east the frequency of many alleles dropped or disappeared from migrants. However B*15 persisted, expanded and diversified. The wide range and complex environment selected for new alleles and promoted their expansion. B*46 for example is not found in Africa, and appears to have evolved and spread in East Asia, to several 100 million bearers worldwide.HLA-B15 allele *1502 is associated with the severe skin conditions Stevens–Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) caused by carbamazepine drug sensitivity in East Asians.

Hootenanny

Argentina Salta Wichis

HLA-B associated transcript 3

HLA-B27

HLA-B51 (B51) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*51 gene products.B51 is a split antigen of the broad antigen B5, and is a sister serotype of B52. There are a large number of alleles within the B*51 allele group. B51 is associated with several diseases, including Behçet's disease.

HLA-DOA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. HLA-DOA forms a heterodimer with HLA-DOB. The heterodimer, HLA-DO, is found in lysosomes in B cells and regulates HLA-DM-mediated peptide loading on MHC class II molecules. In comparison with classical HLA class II molecules, this gene exhibits very little sequence variation, especially at the protein level.

China Harbin Man

HLA-B50

HLA-DOB

HLA-DR17 (DR17) is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0301 and *0304 gene products. DR17 is found at high frequency in Western Europe (such as Western Ireland, N. Spain, Sardinia). DR17 is part of the broader antigen group HLA-DR3 and is very similar to the group HLA-DR18.

India North Hindus

Australia Indig. Kimberly

HLA-DRB1

Papua New Guinea New Brit…

HLA-DRB4 (gene)

Brazil Parana Mulatto

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM beta

HLA-B56 (B56) is an HLA-B serotype. B56 is a split antigen from the B22 broad antigen, sister serotypes are B54 and B55. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*56 gene products. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

HLA-B46 (B46) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the gene products of HLA-B*4601 allele. B*4601 resulted from a rare, interlocus, gene conversion between B62, probably B*1501, and a HLA-C allele. B*4601 is the most common HLA-B allele that does not have an origin within Africa, and estimated 400 million people in Eastern Asia carry a B46 allele. When found B*4601 segregates with only 2 HLA-Cw alleles, A limited number of HLA-A and HLA-DRB1 alleles suggesting that the allele recently expanded from a limited sized group within SE Asia. Extremely low frequencies outside of Eastern Asia are indicators of a recent expansion of B46 from a recently small population. The frequency distribution suggests the ancestral B46 population was in SE China, or, potentially Burma (Myanmar or Laos, untested). B46 in Asia correlates with wet-rice farming. The exceptions are notable, it has been found in the Nivkhi on north-eastern Sakalin Island, the Ainu, and the Nivkhi-related (genetically) Tlinglet population of Alaska at trace levels.

Australia Indig. Cape Yor…

Mongolia Khoton Tarialan

HLA-A34

HLA-B62 (B62) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies certain B*15 gene-allele protein products of HLA-B.B62 is largest of many split antigens of the broad antigen, B15. B62 best identifies the B*1501, B*1504, B*1507, and B*1525 allele products.

England Sheffield

HLA-A68

HLA-DQ8 (DQ8) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-DQ (DQ) serotype group. DQ8 is a split antigen of the DQ3 broad antigen. DQ8 is determined by the antibody recognition of β8 and this generally detects the gene product of DQB1*0302.DQ8 is commonly linked to autoimmune disease in the human population. DQ8 is the second most predominant isoform linked to coeliac disease and the DQ most linked to juvenile diabetes.

HLA-B17 (B17) is an HLA - B serotype. B17 is a broad antigen serotype that recognizes the B57 and B58 split antigen serotypes. B17 is still encountered in the current literature, although most studies now use B57/B58 or gene typing designators. Both serotypes are involved in slightly different drug-sensitive diseases.

DQ α5β8

Good Advice

HLA-DR51 is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the antigens encoded by the minor DR locus HLA-DRB5.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution. having diverged from DRB1 approximately 4 million years ago.DRB5 locus is only apparent in a small subset of DR haplotypes, and most individuals lack DRB5.

Indig. Australian Kimberl…

Tom Watson

Taiwan Pazeh

Israel Gaza Palestinians

China Wuhan

USA African Americans

HLA-A9 (A9) is a broad antigen HLA-A serotype that recognized the HLA-A23 and HLA-A24 serotypes. A*2402 appears to have evolved from A*23 alleles by a process of gene conversion. The A23 is more common in Africa and regions proximal to Africa. A24 is at very high frequencies in Austronesia and certain indigenous peoples of the Arctic, North America, South America and West Pacific Rim. While it is common over most of Eurasia, it is found at low abundance in NW Europe.

type2alle1freq

DQ8.5

HLA-B47 (B47) is an HLA–B serotype. The serotype identifies the HLA-B*47 gene products (B*4701, B*4702, B*4703) . Comparison of B47 nucleotide sequence with other HLA-B sequences shows a segment of 228 bp identical with B44 in the alpha 1 domain and a segment of 218 bp identical with B27 in the alpha 2 domain, but only a 91 bp segment of identity with B13 in the alpha 1 domain. The complex pattern of substitutions and their degree of divergence indicate that HLA-B13 and HLA-Bw47 alleles are not related by a simple mutational event. B47 is linked to (close to on the chromosome) a gene that causes adrenal deficiency. B47 is generally low in frequency and with highest known frequencies in Central and Western Africa. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

A10

Juicy Lucy

HLA-B62

Pakistan Karachi Parsi

HLA-DMB (gene)

A31

Cape Verde Southeastern I…

Mark Hamill

HLA-DPB1 (gene)

HLA-DQB2

HLA-B5 (B5) is an HLA-B serotype. B5 is a broad antigen serotype that recognizes the B51 and B52 split antigen serotypes.

HLA-B38

HLA-DRB4

HLA-DR4

DQ α2β2

allele3b

serotyping is modest.

HLA-DR13

A31 is also more common in Japan, Siberia and more frequent in NE Europe than SW Europe

Andrew Durno

Illustration of HLA-DQ with bound peptide.

HLA-A (gene)

Japan Hyogo

HLA-B42 (B42) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the HLA-B*4201 and *4202 gene products. HLA-B*4201 is common in Central Africa. (For terminology help see: HLA-serotype tutorial)

Taiwan Thao

HLA-DR7 (DR7) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*0701 to *0705 gene products.

USA African American

HLA-DOB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain , both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DO suppresses peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by inhibiting HLA-DM. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells . The beta chain is approximately 26-28 kDa and its gene contains 6 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and exon 5 encodes the cytoplasmic tail.

Colombia Mestizos

HLA-B51

HLA-DRA

Russia Murmansk Saomi

Morocco Berber Nador Meta…

is poor, with low specific detection, high non-specific identification by A28

Russia Nenets

HLA-DOA

HLA-DR15 (DR15) is a HLA-DR serotype that recognizes the DRB1*1501 to *1505 and *1507 gene products. DR15 is found at high levels from Ireland to Central Asia. DR15 is part of the older HLA-DR2 serotype group which also contains the similar HLA-DR16 antigens.

Taiwan Hakka

Ch. Guangdong Meizhou H…

MHC class II, DP

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DM alpha

Israeli Jews

HLA-DO is a dimeric MHC class II protein composed of α- and β-subunits which interacts with HLA-DM in order to fine tune immunodominant epitope selection.

Italy

HLA-C belongs to the MHC (human = HLA) class I heavy chain receptors. The C receptor is a heterodimer consisting of a HLA-C mature gene product and β2-microglobulin. The mature C chain is anchored in the membrane. MHC Class I molecules, like HLA-C, are expressed in nearly all cells, and present small peptides to the immune system which surveys for non-self peptides.HLA-C is a locus on chromosome 6, which encodes for a large number of HLA-C alleles that are Class-I MHC receptors.

HLA-B49

Tibetan

USA Hawaii Okinawa
Taiwan Taroko

DQ α3β4.1

HLA-DMB

United Kingdom Caucasians

HLA-DQ2 (DQ2) is a serotype group within HLA-DQ (DQ) serotyping system. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of β2 subset of DQ β-chains. The β-chain of DQ is encoded by HLA-DQB1 locus and DQ2 are encoded by the HLA-DQB1*02 allele group. This group currently contains two common alleles, DQB1*0201 and DQB1*0202. HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQB1*02 are almost synonymous in meaning. DQ2 β-chains combine with α-chains, encoded by genetically linked HLA-DQA1 alleles, to form the cis-haplotype isoforms. These isoforms, nicknamed DQ2.2 and DQ2.5, are also encoded by the DQA1*0201 and DQA1*0501 genes, respectively.DQ2 is most common in Western Europe, North Africa and East Africa. Highest frequencies are observed in parts of Spain and Ireland; this distribution correlates with the frequency of two of the most prevalent autoimmune diseases. There is also an increase in DQB1*0201 in Central Asia, peaking in Kazakhstan and declining slowly west to east into China and finally Southeast Asia. DQA1*0501 : DQB1*0201. DQ2.5 is one of the most predisposing factors for autoimmune disease. DQ2.5 is encoded, often, by a haplotype associated with a large number of diseases. This haplotype, HLA A1-B8-DR3-DQ2, is associated with diseases in which HLA-DQ2 has suspect involvement. Direct involvement of DQ2 is certain in coeliac disease.

HLA-DR53 is an HLA-DR serotype that recognizes gene products of HLA-DRB4 locus. There are 13 alleles at this locus that encode 7 proteins.DRB3, DRB4, and DRB5 are minor DR beta encoding loci, they have been recognized as having distinct evolution. and the DRB4 locus presence is linked to HLA-DR7 seropositivity. The DRB4*locus was apparently duplicated from an ancestor of the DRB1-DRB4 common locus around 5 million years ago.DRB4 locus is only apparent in a small subset of DQ haplotypes, and most individuals lack DRB4. In addition the level of normal expression is 8 fold lower than the DRB1 in cells which can express both. and lowered because of both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation.

Papua New Guinea Wosera

Venezuela Colonia Tovar

Tunisia Tunis

in Europe is part of the AH8.1 and HLA B7-DR15-DQ6 haplotypes. The class I region of these supertype is HLA A1-B8 haplotype, HLA A3-B7, HLA-A2-B7 and HLA A24-B7

HLA-DQ2

HLA-DRB5 (gene)

HLA-B13

Cw4

HLA-DR3

Rendering of HLA-Cw4 with bound peptide

HLA class I histocompatibility antigen, alpha chain F is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-F gene.

Papua New Guinea Karimui …

PNG West Schrader Ranges

Cw7

Rendering of HLA-DQ8 with immundoinant insulin peptide in the binding pocket.

HLA-A9 (A9) is a broad antigen HLA-A serotype that recognized the HLA-A23 and HLA-A24 serotypes. A*2402 appears to have evolved from A*23 alleles by a process of gene conversion. The A23 is more common in Africa and regions proximal to Africa. A24 is at very high frequencies in Austronesia and certain indigenous peoples of the Arctic, North America, South America and West Pacific Rim. While it is common over most of Eurasia, it is found at low abundance in NW Europe. A24 appears to have been carried by the first colonizers of South Eastern Asia.

DQ α2β9
DQ α3β9

HLA-A74

Peru Lamas City Lama

Chalkface

London Ashkenazi Jews

PMG Eastern Highlands Gor…

HLA-A69 (A69) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α69 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A69, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*69 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*6901. A69 and A*69 are almost synonymous in meaning. A69 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A28. A69 is a sister serotype of A68.A69 is more common in Levant.

December 2014

Singapore Javanese

group_or_band

HLA-DRB3 (gene)

HLA-B12

HLA-DR is an MHC class II cell surface receptor encoded by the human leukocyte antigen complex on chromosome 6 region 6p21.31. The complex of HLA-DR (Human Leukocyte Antigen - antigen D Related) and its ligand, a peptide of 9 amino acids in length or longer, constitutes a ligand for the T-cell receptor (TCR). HLA (human leukocyte antigens) were originally defined as cell surface antigens that mediate graft-versus-host disease, which resulted in the rejection of tissue transplants in HLA-mismatched donors. Identification of these antigens has led to greater success and longevity in organ transplant.Antigens most responsible for graft loss are HLA-DR (first six months), HLA-B (first two years), and HLA-A (long-term survival). Good matching of these antigens between host and donor are most critical for achieving graft survival.HLA-DR is also involved in several autoimmune conditions, disease susceptibility and disease resistance. It is also closely linked to HLA-DQ and this linkage often makes it difficult to resolve the more causative factor in disease.HLA-DR molecules are upregulated in response to signalling. In the instance of an infection, the peptide (such as the staphylococcal enterotoxin I peptide) is bound into a DR molecule and presented to a few of a great many T-cell receptors found on T-helper cells. These cells then bind to antigens on the surface of B-cells stimulating B-cell proliferation.

HLA-DR8

Cw403

HLA-DR1

Mexico Michoacan Tarasco

HLA-A29

HLA-DR53

South and Central America

HLA-DQB1 (gene)

Taiwan Saisiat

Morocco 'Berber' Nador Me…
HLA-Cw7 (Cw7) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-C serotype group. (For more general information on HLA serotypes, please see the article: History and naming of human leukocyte antigens.) Cw7 is determined by the antibody recognition of α7 subset of HLA-Cw α-chains. For the serotype Cw7, the alpha chain are encoded by the HLA-Cw*07 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. Cw7 and Cw*07 are almost synonymous in meaning. Cw7 is more common in West Africa to Ireland. Cw7 in Europe is part of the AH8.1 and HLA B7-DR15-DQ6 haplotypes. The class I region of these supertype is HLA A1-B8 haplotype, HLA A3-B7, HLA-A2-B7 and HLA A24-B7.

HLA-B47 (B47) is an HLA–B serotype. The serotype identifies the HLA-B*47 gene products (B*4701, B*4702, B*4703) . Comparison of B47 nucleotide sequence with other HLA-B sequences shows a segment of 228 bp identical with B44 in the alpha 1 domain and a segment of 218 bp identical with B27 in the alpha 2 domain, but only a 91 bp segment of identity with B13 in the alpha 1 domain.

Levant

HLA-DQA2

HLA-DOB (gene)

HLA-DQ (DQ) is a cell surface receptor protein found on antigen presenting cells. It is an αβ heterodimer of type MHC class II. The α and β chains are encoded by two loci, HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1, that are adjacent to each other on chromosome band 6p21.3. Both α-chain and β-chain vary greatly. A person often produces two α-chain and two β-chain variants and thus 4 isoforms of DQ. The DQ loci are in close genetic linkage to HLA-DR, and less closely linked to HLA-DP, HLA-A, HLA-B and HLA-C.Different isoforms of DQ can bind to and present different antigens to T-cells. In this process T-cells are stimulated to grow and can signal B-cells to produce antibodies. DQ functions in recognizing and presenting foreign antigens (proteins derived from potential pathogens). But DQ is also involved in recognizing common self-antigens and presenting those antigens to the immune system in order to develop tolerance from a very young age.When tolerance to self proteins is lost, DQ may become involved in autoimmune disease. Two autoimmune diseases in which HLA-DQ is involved are coeliac disease and diabetes mellitus type 1. DQ is one of several antigens involved in rejection of organ transplants. As a variable cell surface receptor on immune cells, these D antigens, originally HL-A4 antigens, are involved in graft versus host disease when lymphoid tissues are transplanted between people. Serological studies of DQ recognized that antibodies to DQ bind primarily to the β-chain. The currently used serotypes are HLA-DQ2, -DQ3, -DQ4, -DQ5, -DQ6, -DQ7, -DQ8, -DQ9. HLA-DQ1 is a weak reaction to the α-chain and was replaced by DQ5 and DQ6 serology. Serotyping is capable of identifying most aspects of DQ isoform structure and function, however sequence specific PCR is now the preferred method of determining HLA-DQA1 and HLA-DQB1 alleles, as serotyping cannot resolve, often, the critical contribution of the DQ α-chain. This can be compensated for by examining DR serotypes as well as DQ serotypes.

China Qinghai Hui

Guadalajara Mestizos

too vague for mention in the lead without development in body

HLA-DOA (gene)

HLA-A31

HLA-Cw4

HLA-DR antigens

HLA-DR3 is composed of the HLA-DR17 and HLA-DR18 split 'antigens' serotypes. DR3 is a component gene-allele of the AH8.1 haplotype in Northern and Western Europeans. Genes between B8 and DR3 on this haplotype are frequently associated with autoimmune disease. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is strongly associated with HLA-DR3 or HLA-DR4.

Illustration of HLA-DQ2.5 with deamidated gliadin peptide in the binding pocket.

DQ α4β8

A33

HLA-B61

HLA-B5

Ecuador Cayapa

HLA-Y (gene)

HLAB-27

HLA-DM

Hot Sexy Lusty

HLA-B*5701

HLA-DMA belongs to the HLA class II alpha chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and a beta chain , both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DM plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules are expressed in antigen presenting cells . The alpha chain is approximately 33-35 kDa and its gene contains 5 exons. Exon one encodes the leader peptide, exons 2 and 3 encode the two extracellular domains, exon 4 encodes the transmembrane domain and the cytoplasmic tail.

HLA-DQ4 (DQ4) is a serotype subgroup within HLA-DQ(DQ) serotypes. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of β4 subset of DQ β-chains. The β-chain of DQ is encoded by HLA-DQB1 locus and DQ4 are encoded by the HLA-DQB1*04 allele group. This group currently contains 2 common alleles, DQB1*0401 and DQB1*0402. HLA-DQ4 and HLA-DQB1*04 are almost synonymous in meaning.

HLA-DR15

HLA-B22

Morocco Nador Metalsa Cla…

HLA-C

HLA-JY3

major histocompatibility complex, class II, DQ beta 3

Chuvash

DQ α3β4.2

HLA-B41

HLA-B48 (B48) is an HLA-B serotype. The serotype identifies the more common HLA-B*48 gene products. B48 is most common along the West Pacific Rim, Americas indigeonous peoples and Northern Eurasians. B*4801 is part of a group of alleles including B*4201 that share Intron 1 sequence with B*0702, which is common over Western and Central Asia, and has a distribution indicating an early and long presence in Eurasian humans.

HLA-Cw7

HLA-DQA1

A cluster of genes, BAT1-BAT5, has been localized in the vicinity of the genes for TNF alpha and TNF beta. These genes are all within the human major histocompatibility complex class III region. The protein encoded by this gene is a nuclear protein. It has been implicated in the control of apoptosis and regulating heat shock protein. There are three alternatively spliced transcript variants described for this gene.

Singapore Thai

HLA-A31 (A31) is a human leukocyte antigen serotype within HLA-A serotype group. The serotype is determined by the antibody recognition of α31 subset of HLA-A α-chains. For A31, the alpha "A" chain are encoded by the HLA-A*31 allele group and the β-chain are encoded by B2M locus. This group currently is dominated by A*3101. A31 and A*31 are almost synonymous in meaning. A31 is a split antigen of the broad antigen serotype A19.

North America

Morocco Nador Metalsa

West Central Africa

Spain Murcia

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DP(W2) beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DPB1 gene.HLA-DPB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DPA) and a beta chain (DPB), both anchored in the membrane. It plays a central role in the immune system by presenting peptides derived from extracellular proteins.

DQ8.1v

Rendering or showing A*6801 and Beta-2 microglobulin . There is no bound peptide in this image.

Mongolia Khalha

Maharahja

HLA-G (gene)

Booga Beazley

is the least common HLA-A allele group

HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DO beta chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HLA-DOB gene.HLA-DOB belongs to the HLA class II beta chain paralogues. This class II molecule is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha (DOA) and a beta chain (DOB), both anchored in the membrane. It is located in intracellular vesicles. DO suppresses peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by inhibiting HLA-DM.

India Kerala Hindu Ezhava

HLAB27

Australia Indig.Yuendumu

Colombia African Black

Andrew Ashton

Trinidad Africans