Zweite Kammer

The Grand Duchy of Baden was an independent state in what is now southwestern Germany until the creation of the German Empire in 1871. It had its own state-owned railway company, the Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways (Großherzoglich Badische Staatseisenbahnen or G.Bad.St.E.), which was founded in 1840. At the time when it was integrated into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920, its network had an overall length of about 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi).

Elizabeth Nikolaevna of Russia

HIH Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna

Grand Duchess consort of Berg

Flag of the Kingdom of Prussia .svg

Grand Duchess Olga Nicolaievna of Russia

Grand Duchess of Russia

Grand Duchesses consorts of Hesse and by Rhine

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna, Duchess of Leuchtenberg

Grand Duchess Sophia of Baden

Heil dir, O Oldenburg

Grand Duchy of Melungeon

Olga Pavlovna Romanova

Velikoye Knyazhestvo Moskovskoye

Grand Duchess Maria

Upper Chamber

County of Hanau

Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna (1713 - 1715)

Grand Duchess consort of Finland

Flagge Großherzogtum Hessen ohne Wappen.svg

Maria Kirillovna Romanova

Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus' and Samogitia

Electorate of Hesse

Grand Duchess Maria of Russia (disambiguation)

Grand Duchess consorts of Hesse and by Rhine

Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia (1714–1728)

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna of Russia

The Grand Duchy of Flandrensis (Dutch: Groothertogdom Flandrensis) is a micronation with claims over some territories of Antarctica, which was founded in 2008 by the Belgian Niels Vermeersch. Flandrensis is not recognised by any country or government, nor is it their intention to be recognized as a country.

Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna

Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Grand Duchess Olga Pavlovna of Russia

German Empire - Oldenburg .svg

Marie Louise, Duchess of Saxe-Altenburg

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (disambiguation)

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna

Grand Duchess of Hesse

Location of the Grand Duchy of Baden within Europe in 1815.

Arms Avram.GIF

Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna (Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha)

Grand Duchess Olga Feodorovna (Cecily of Baden)

Flag of the Grand Duchy of Cracow.svg

photo by Sergei Lvovich Levitsky

Grand Duchy of

Coat of arms

Grand Duchess Militza Nikolaevna (Milica of Montenegro)

Flag

Roman Catholicism

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna (Marie of Mecklenburg)

House of Holstein-Gottorp-Romanov

Banner of the Electorate of Mainz.svg

Grand Duchy of Avram

The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Russian: Великое Княжество Московское, Velikoye Knyazhestvo Moskovskoye), or Grand Principality of Moscow (also known in English simply as Muscovy), was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia.The state originated with Daniel I, who inherited Moscow in 1283, eclipsing and eventually absorbing its parent duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal by the 1320s.

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1854-1920)

Cracow

Grand Duchy de Varsovie

Margraviate raised to Grand Duchy

Europe

Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia (17 January 1882 – 13 March 1957), sometimes known as Helen, Helena, Helene, Ellen, Yelena, Hélène, or Eleni, was a Russian grand duchess as the only daughter and youngest child of Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia and Duchess Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin. Her husband was Prince Nicholas of Greece and Denmark and paternal first cousin of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.

Neustrelitz

Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia, (2 February 1907 – 25 October 1951) was the eldest daughter of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna. She was born in Coburg when her parents were in exile because their marriage had not been approved by Tsar Nicholas II. She was generally called "Marie," the French version of her name, or by the Russian nickname "Masha." The family returned to Russia prior to World War I, but was forced to flee following the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge

The Grand Duchy of Baden on a section of the Travel Map of Germany from 1861.

Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; Russian: Мари́я Алекса́ндровна; 17 October [O.S. 5 October] 1853 – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine.
Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; Russian: Мари́я Алекса́ндровна; 17 October [O.S. 5 October] 1853 – 24 October 1920) was the fifth child and only surviving daughter of Emperor Alexander II of Russia and his first wife Princess Marie of Hesse and by Rhine. She was the younger sister of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and the paternal aunt of Russia's last Emperor, Nicholas II.In 1874, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna married Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha; she was the first and only Romanov to marry into the British royal family. The couple had five children: a son, Alfred, and four daughters: Marie, Victoria Melita, Alexandra, and Beatrice. For the first years of her marriage, Maria Alexandrovna lived in England. She neither adapted to the British court nor overcame her dislike for her adopted country. She accompanied her husband on his postings as an Admiral of the Royal Navy at Malta (1886 -1889) and Devonport (1890–1893). The Duchess of Edinburgh travelled extensively through Europe. She visited her family in Russia frequently and stayed for long periods in England and Germany attending social and family events.In August 1893, Maria Alexandrovna became Duchess of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha when her husband inherited the duchy on the death of his childless uncle, Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. She enjoyed life in Germany where she was active in cultural endeavours and charitable work. To her daughters, she gave all her support, but she was critical of her wayward son who died young in 1899. Her husband died the following year.In her widowhood, Maria Alexandrovna continued to live in Coburg. The outbreak of World War I divided her sympathies. She sided with Germany against her native Russia. Her only surviving brother, Grand Duke Paul, her nephew Tsar Nicholas II and many other relatives were killed during the Russian Revolution and she lost her considerable fortune. From 1893 until her death, she had the distinction of being a Russian grand duchess (by birth), a British princess and royal duchess (by marriage), and the consort (and later widow) of a German sovereign duke.After World War I, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, the duchy her husband and nephew had ruled, ceased to exist in November 1918. Maria Alexandrovna died two years later while living under reduced circumstances in exile in Switzerland.

Grand Duchesses consorts of Hesse

Territorial development between 1390 and 1530

Grand Duchess Milica Nikolaevna (Milica of Montenegro)

Mecklenburg-Strelitz within the German Empire

Grand Duchesses of Russia by marriage

Großherzogtum Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Leiningen

Grand Duchy of Galicia-Volhynia

Gott, Ehre, Vaterland

Muscovy

Maria Pavlovna Romanova

Grand Duchy of Cracow

Germany

Grand Duchess of Lithuania

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia

Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Olga Feodorovna (Cecilia of Baden)

Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia

Oldenburg within the German Empire

Grand Duchy Baden

Prince Paul Alexander

Free State of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Declared

The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin in 1910.

Grand Duke

¹ Also the Emperor of Austria.

Great Perm

Grand-duché de Berg

Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia (Ekaterina Mikhailovna Romanova), (Russian: Екатерина Михайловна) (28 August 1827 – 12 May 1894), was the third of five daughters of Grand Duke Michael Pavlovich of Russia, youngest son of Tsar Paul I, and Princess Charlotte of Württemberg.

Franz Friedrich Ruhstrat

Flagge Großherzogtümer Mecklenburg.svg

Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg

Governorate-General of the Russian Empire

Grand Duchess Marie of Russia

Grand-duché de Francfort (fr)

Grand Duchy of Finland

Republic of Baden

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-strelitz

Grand Duchess Xenia

Mecklenburg

Tsardom of Russia

Grand Duchess consorts of Berg

Grand Duchess Elizaveta Mavrikievna of Russia

Symbols of Kraków

Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

("God, Honour, Fatherland")

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: О́льга Алекса́ндровна; 13 June [O.S. 1 June] 1882 – 24 November 1960) was the youngest child and younger daughter of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and younger sister of Tsar Nicholas II.She was raised at the Gatchina Palace outside Saint Petersburg. Olga's relationship with her mother, Empress Marie, the daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark, was strained and distant from childhood. In contrast, she and her father were close. He died when she was 12, and her brother Nicholas became emperor.In 1901, she married Duke Peter Alexandrovich of Oldenburg, who was privately believed by family and friends to be homosexual. Their marriage of 15 years remained unconsummated, and Peter at first refused Olga's request for a divorce. The couple led separate lives and their marriage was eventually annulled by the Emperor in October 1916. The following month Olga married cavalry officer Nikolai Kulikovsky, with whom she had fallen in love several years before. During the First World War, the Grand Duchess served as an army nurse at the front and was awarded a medal for personal gallantry. At the downfall of the Romanovs in the Russian Revolution of 1917, she fled to the Crimea with her husband and children, where they lived under the threat of assassination. Her brother and his family were shot by revolutionaries.Olga escaped revolutionary Russia with her second husband and their two sons in February 1920. They joined her mother, the Dowager Empress, in Denmark. In exile, Olga acted as companion and secretary to her mother, and was often sought out by Romanov impostors who claimed to be her dead relatives. She met Anna Anderson, the best-known impostor, in Berlin in 1925. After the Dowager Empress's death in 1928, Olga and her husband purchased a dairy farm in Ballerup, near Copenhagen. She led a simple life: raising her two sons, working on the farm and painting. During her lifetime, she painted over 2,000 works of art, which provided extra income for both her family and the charitable causes she supported.In 1948, feeling threatened by Joseph Stalin's regime, Olga emigrated with her immediate family to a farm in Ontario, Canada. With advancing age, Olga and her husband moved to a bungalow near Cooksville, Ontario. Colonel Kulikovsky died there in 1958. Two years later, as her health deteriorated, Olga moved with devoted friends to a small apartment in East Toronto. She died aged 78, seven months after her older sister, Xenia. At the end of her life and afterwards, Olga was widely labeled the last Grand Duchess of Imperial Russia.

Nicholas, 4th Duke of Leuchtenberg

Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Grand Duchy of Livonia

Free City of Kraków

The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Großherzogtum Oldenburg) (also known as Holstein-Oldenburg) was a Grand Duchy within the German Confederation, North German Confederation, and German Empire, which consisted of three widely separated territories: Oldenburg, Eutin and Birkenfeld. It ranked tenth among the German states and had one vote in the Bundesrat of Germany and three members in the Reichstag.Its ruling family, the House of Oldenburg, also came to rule in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Greece and Russia. The heirs of a junior line of the Greek branch are, through Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, in the line of succession to the thrones of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms after Queen Elizabeth II.

Daniel

Finland

Frankfurt

The Grand Duchy of Baden within the German Empire.

Grand Duchess Leonida Georgievna of Russia

Grand Duchess Olga Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: О́льга Алекса́ндровна; 13 June [O.S. 1 June] 1882 – 24 November 1960) was the youngest child and younger daughter of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and younger sister of Tsar Nicholas II.She was raised at the Gatchina Palace outside Saint Petersburg. Olga's relationship with her mother, Empress Marie, the daughter of King Christian IX of Denmark, was strained and distant from childhood. In contrast, she and her father were close.

Grand Duchess Elena

Grand Duchesses consort of Hesse-Darmstadt

Grand Duchess Catherine Pavlovna of Russia

State of the North German Confederation

("Our Land")
Georg Sprengtporten

Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna (Charlotte of Württemberg)

Principality of Nassau-Orange-Fulda

Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna

Current

The Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogin-Charlotte-Bréck, French: Pont Grande-Duchesse Charlotte, German: Großherzogin-Charlotte-Brücke) is a road bridge in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.It carries the N51 across the Alzette, connecting the Avenue John Fitzgerald Kennedy, in Kirchberg, to Boulevard Robert Schuman, in Limpertsberg.

Kingdom of Prussia

Grand Duchy

Anders Wirenius

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna (Marie of Mecklenburg-Schwerin)

Grand Duchesses consorts of Luxembourg

Grand Duchess Marie-Adelheid

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Fyodorovna

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Nikolaevna of Russia (7 June 1826 – 1829), was a member of the Russian imperial family.She was the fourth daughter of Nicholas I of Russia and Charlotte of Prussia. She was thus a sister of Alexander II of Russia. She died in infancy, 1829.

Tikhon Nikolaevich

Vassal state of the Golden Horde

Badnerlied

Grand Duchy of Baden State Railways

The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin was a territory in Northern Germany held by the House of Mecklenburg residing at Schwerin. It was a sovereign member state of the German Confederation and became a federated state of the North German Confederation and finally of the German Empire in 1871.

HH Princess Maria Kirillovna of Russia

Grand Duchy of Flandrensis

Monarchy

Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1890-1958)

Coat of arms of the Grand Duchy of Frankfurt .svg

Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Großherzogtum Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Portrait by Vladimir Borovikovsky, 1796. Oil on canvas from the Gatchina Palace Museum, St Petersburg, Russia.

Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899)-(1918)

Großherzogtum Krakau

Grand Duchy of Hesse

(Finnish)

Grand Duchess Olga Konstantinovna of Russia

Flandrensis

Grand Duchess of Luxembourg

Flag of Sweden.svg

Grossherzogswappen Mecklenburg .PNG

Grand Duchess consorts of Hesse-Darmstadt

First French Empire

The Grand Duchy of Hesse within the German Empire.

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (Elisabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt)

Grand Duchess of Baden

Baden

Grand Duchess of Berg

Grand Duchess consort of Luxembourg

Central Europe

Maamme / Vårt land

Grand Duchess Militza Nikolaevna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna

Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna

Princess Mechtilde of Leiningen

Grand Duchess Elena Petrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna

Flagge Großherzogtum Baden .svg

Russia

The Grand Duchy of Moscow (Russian: Великое Княжество Московское, Velikoye Knyazhestvo Moskovskoye), or Grand Principality of Moscow (also known in English simply as Muscovy), was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia.The state originated with Daniel I, who inherited Moscow in 1283, eclipsing and eventually absorbing its parent duchy of Vladimir-Suzdal by the 1320s. It later annexed the Novgorod Republic in 1478 and the Grand Duchy of Tver in 1485.After the Mongol invasion of Rus', Muscovy was a tributary vassal to the Mongol ruled Golden Horde (under the "Tatar Yoke") until 1480. Ivan III further consolidated the state during his 43-year reign, campaigning against his major remaining rival power, the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and by 1503 he had tripled the territory of his realm, adopting the title of tsar and claiming the title of "Ruler of all Rus'". By his marriage to the niece of the last Byzantine emperor, he established Muscovy as the successor state of the Roman Empire, the "Third Rome".Ivan's successor Vasili III also enjoyed military success, gaining Smolensk from Lithuania in 1512, pushing Muscovy's borders to the Dniepr River. Vasili's son Ivan IV (later known as Ivan the Terrible) was an infant at his father's death in 1533. He was crowned in 1547, assuming the title of tsar together with the proclamation of Tsardom of Russia (Russian: Царство Русcкое, Tsarstvo Russkoe).

Großherzogtum Baden

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: Елисавета Александровна Романова, tr. Elisaveta Aleksandrovna Romanova; 15 November [O.S. 3 November] 1806 – 12 May [O.S. 30 April] 1808) was the younger child of Alexander I of Russia and his wife, Elizabeth Alexeievna (Louise of Baden).

The Grand Duchy of Hesse State Railways (Großherzoglich Hessischen Staatseisenbahnen) belonged to the Länderbahnen at the time of the German Empire. In the 19th century, the Grand Duchy of Hesse consisted of three provinces. Between the rivers Rhine, Main and Neckar the province of Starkenburg embraced the Odenwald and the Hessian Ried. It also included the ducal residence of Darmstadt. West of the Rhine, was the province of Rhenish Hesse (Rheinhessen) with the towns of Mainz, Worms and Bingen.

Hessenlied

Princess Nicholas of Greece and Denmark

Badische Hauptbahn aus Bahnkarte Deutschland 1861.png

Carl Erik Mannerheim

Grand Duchess Yelena Petrovna of Russia

HIH The Princess of Leiningen

Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna (Maria of Greece and Denmark)

Coat of arms of Russia

Portrait of Elizabeth Mikhailovna, by Woldemar Hau

Federal State of the German Empire

Helene, Princess Albert of Saxe-Altenburg

Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia

The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a territory in Northern Germany, held by the younger line of the House of Mecklenburg residing in Neustrelitz. Like the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, it was a sovereign member state of the German Confederation and became a federated state of the North German Confederation and finally of the German Empire upon the unification of 1871. After World War I and the German Revolution of 1918–19 it was succeeded by the Free State of Mecklenburg-Strelitz.

Grand Principality of Moscow

Grand Duchess Olga of Russia

Grand Duchy of Baden
Staatsminister

Grand Duchy of Hessen

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia the Younger

HIH The Dowager Duchess of Leuchtenberg

Flag of Bavaria .svg

German Empire - Hesse .svg

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg strelitz

The Grand Duchy of Avram is a micronation founded in the early 1980s by Tasmanian John Charlton Rudge, who styles himself the "Grand Duke of Avram".The public manifestation of the Duchy was The Royal Bank of Avram which at one time operated from retail premises owned by The Grand Duke of Avram in George Town, Tasmania, and which still issues its own banknotes and coinage and platinum 1 ounce coins. This enterprise was later relocated to Strahan, on Tasmania's west coast. Customers were required to exchange Australian currency for the Avram equivalents in order to obtain the currency. The Bank still operates today.The unlicensed nature of the Avram Bank roused the ire of the Australian government, who promptly confiscated Avram's entire currency reserves and initiated proceedings against him in the Australian Federal Court system. Eventually, after a total of six court cases, costing the federal government some A$22 million, the courts ruled that The Grand Duke of Avram had not engaged in any illegal activity, and ordered the return of all the confiscated property, however some disappeared in Federal Custody and later appeared on the market. He was permitted to resume his banking practices unhindered. He has issued several sets of coins and banknotes in the name of the Royal Bank of Avram since the 1980s (the most recent of which are dated 2008) and has asserted to a number of media representatives that the bank operates from a number of unspecified sites inside and outside of Tasmania.Rudge was elected as a member of the Tasmanian House of Assembly, representing the Liberal Party in the seat of Lyons. He served a single term and held the position of Shadow Minister for Construction. Rudge later served as a councillor and Deputy Mayor of the municipal council of Sorell under his legal name as agreed by Justice Pierre Slicer in one of his decisions.Rudge claims dozens of "noble" and "religious" titles (among them "Earl of Enoch" and "Cardinal Archbishop of The Royal See"), which he asserts are of ancient origin. He also claims to be the grand master of a handful of ancient orders of chivalry, and to travel on an Australian passport that lists his various titles including an Australian "Official" passport.The Duchy of Avram has never claimed territory in the manner of other Australian micronations such as the Hutt River Province.

Grand Duchess of Luxemburg

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786-1859)

Grand Duchess Elena of Russia, Hereditary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg (Russian: Великая Княжна Елена Павловна) (24 December 1784 – 24 September 1803) was a daughter of Grand Duke, later Tsar Paul I of Russia and his second wife Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg. After marrying the son and heir of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin she ceased to use her Russian title.

Grand Duchy is an American alternative/electronic/art rock band formed in 2008 by Black Francis and his wife Violet Clark.

Grand Duchesses consort of Hesse and by Rhine

Duchess George Augustus of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz

Grand Duchess Marie Pavlovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Helena Petrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mikhailovna of Russia (Moscow, 26 May 1826 – Wiesbaden, 28 January 1845) was the second child and daughter of Grand Duke Mikhail Pavlovich of Russia and Princess Charlotte of Württemberg who took the name Elena Pavlovna upon her conversion to the Orthodox faith. Through her father, Elizabeth was a granddaughter of Tsar Paul I of Russia, and a niece of both Russian emperors Alexander I and Nicholas I.

Grand Duchy of Berg .svg

Grand Duchy of Tver

Coat of Arms

Grand Duchess Viktoria Fedorovna

Free State of Oldenburg

Countess Elena (Grigorievna) Stroganova

The Grand Duchess Charlotte Bridge (Luxembourgish: Groussherzogin-Charlotte-Bréck, French: Pont Grande-Duchesse Charlotte, German: Großherzogin-Charlotte-Brücke) is a road bridge in Luxembourg City, in southern Luxembourg.It carries the N51 across the Alzette, connecting the Avenue John Fitzgerald Kennedy, in Kirchberg, to Boulevard Robert Schuman, in Limpertsberg. The bridge is also known as the Red Bridge (Luxembourgish: Rout Bréck, German: Rote Brücke, French: Pont Rouge) on account of its distinctive red paintwork.It is the main route connecting the city centre, Ville Haute, to Kirchberg, the site of the city's European Union institutions. It was built with the intention of promoting the choice of Luxembourg as the final seat of the European Communities. While the bridge was under construction, the Merger Treaty was signed, maintaining the previous separation of locations, but preserving Luxembourg as the location of several institutions.German architect Egon Jux designed the bridge, beating 68 competitors in a competition launched by Luxembourg's government in 1957. Construction began in 1962, with official groundbreaking on 20 June 1963 by Charlotte, then Grand Duchess. Construction was finished in 1965, and the bridge opened in October 1966. It is named after Charlotte.

Coat of Arms of Grand Duchy of Finland-holding sabre.svg
Grand Principality of Finland .svg

Grand Duchy (band)

Grand Duchesses of Berg

Electorate of Baden

Grand Duchess of Russia by marriage

Constitutional monarchy

Flag of France.svg

Grand Duchess Mary

Grand Duchess Olga Pavlovna

Grand-duché de Francfort

Coat of arms of Napoleon Bonaparte Louis Grand Duke of Cleves and Berg.svg

Grand Duchess Tatiana of Russia

Grand Duchesses of Hesse and by Rhine

Grand Duchess consorts of Luxembourg

Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia, (2 February 1907 – 25 October 1951) was the eldest daughter of Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich of Russia and Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna. She was born in Coburg when her parents were in exile because their marriage had not been approved by Tsar Nicholas II.

Ducal and Avram

The Grand Duchy of Berg (German: Großherzogtum Berg) was established by Napoleon Bonaparte after his victory at the 1805 Battle of Austerlitz on territories between the French Empire at the Rhine river and the German Kingdom of Westphalia.

Grand Duchess Maria of Russia

Ivan IV

Charles Michael, Duke of Mecklenburg

Grand Duchess consort of Lithuania

'HIH Grand Duchess Elizabeth Nicholaevna of Russia

Grand Duchess Marie-Adélaïde

Grand Duchy of Jeuno

Grand Duchess Helen Vladimirovna of Russia

Grand Duchesses of Luxemburg

Flag of the Grandduchy of Berg .svgborder

Grand Duchess of Tuscany

Olga Pavlovna (Russian: Ольга Павловна; 22 July [O.S. 11 July] 1792 – 26 January [O.S. 15 January] 1795) was a Grand Duchess of Russia as the second youngest daughter and seventh child of Emperor Paul I of Russia and his empress consort, Sophie Dorothea of Württemberg.

Hereditary Grand Duchess ofMecklenburg-Schwerin

Grand-duché de Berg (fr)

HIH The Hereditary Princess of Leiningen

Count Grigori Stroganov

Grand Duchess Maria Teresa

Karlsruhe

German Empire - Mecklenburg Schwerin .svg

Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna

Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg

Oldenburg

Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt
Hesse

The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway (Großherzoglich Mecklenburgische Friedrich-Franz-Eisenbahn or M.F.F.E.) was the state railway company in Mecklenburg-Schwerin and Mecklenburg-Strelitz. After its second nationalisation in 1890 up to the merger of the Länderbahnen into the Deutsche Reichsbahn in 1920 it was under the direction of the Grand Duchy's Executive Railway Board (Großherzoglichen General-Eisenbahndirection or GGED) in Schwerin.

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolayevna of Russia

For the Grand Duke, overlord of the Polanes, during the fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320), see Duke of Cracow.The Grand Duchy of Cracow (German: Großherzogtum Krakau, Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie) was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Cracow into Austria on November 16, 1846. The title of Grand Duke of Cracow was just a part of the official titulary of the Emperor of Austria in 1846–1918.The Free City, a remnant of the Duchy of Warsaw, had been made a protectorate, however functionally independent, as a result of the Congress of Vienna (1815). It was under Prussian, Austrian, and Russian trilateral influence until, in the aftermath of the unsuccessful Cracow Uprising, it was annexed by the Austrian Empire in 1846.At the same time the official name of the Austrian administrative entity containing approximately Galicia, and some Polish areas west of it, was changed to the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, and the Grand Duchy of Cracow with the Duchies of Auschwitz and Zator.These entities (Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria, Cracow, Duchy of Oświęcim, and Duchy of Zator) were formally separate; they were listed each in the Austrian emperor's titles, each had its distinct coat of arms and flag. For administrative purposes, however, they formed a single province.The Duchy had its own local government, Governorate Commission (Polish: Komisja Gubernialna).

Großherzogtum Frankfurt (de)

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Friedrich-Franz Railway

a: Karl Friedrich was Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1746–71, when he inherited Baden-Baden, becoming Margrave of unified Baden. In 1803, support for Napoleon saw him raised to Elector of Baden. He joined the Confederation of the Rhine in 1806, when he was raised to Grand Duke of Baden.

For the Grand Duke, overlord of the Polanes, during the fragmentation of Poland (1138–1320), see Duke of Cracow.The Grand Duchy of Cracow (German: Großherzogtum Krakau, Polish: Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie) was created after the incorporation of the Free City of Cracow into Austria on November 16, 1846.

Grand Duchess consorts of Hesse

Principality of Aschaffenburg
The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt was a German satellite state of Napoleonic creation. It came into existence in 1810 through the combination of the former territories of the Archbishopric of Mainz along with the Free City of Frankfurt itself.

Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna

HI&RH Princess Nicholas of Greece and Denmark
Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna

Grand Duchess Vera Konstantinovna of Russia

German Empire - Baden .svg

HIH Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Mary of Russia

Elizabeth's tombstone in Alexander Nevsky Lavra, St. Petersburg. An identical tombstone rests above the tomb of her older sister, Grand Duchess Maria.

Landtag

The Grand Duchy of Finland in 1914.

Flagge Großherzogtum Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach .svg

Berg

Kingdom of Bavaria

The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest of Germany on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918.It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently split into different lines, which were unified in 1771.

Augusta, German Empress

Grand Duchy of Frankfurt

Moscow

The Grand Duchy of Oldenburg (German: Großherzogtum Oldenburg) (also known as Holstein-Oldenburg) was a Grand Duchy within the German Confederation, North German Confederation, and German Empire, which consisted of three widely separated territories: Oldenburg, Eutin and Birkenfeld.

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (Elisabeth of Hesse)

Portrait of Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna by Durck

Vladimir-Suzdal

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1819–1876)

Erste Kammer

German Empire - Mecklenburg Strelitz .svg

Karl von Brandenstein

Grand Duchess Sophie of Baden

Raised to Grand Duchy

Grand Duchess Consort of Finland

Modern Age

Grand Duchess Viktoria Feodorovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Elena Pavlovna of Russia

The Grand Duchy of Finland (Finnish: Suomen suuriruhtinaskunta, Swedish: Storfurstendömet Finland, Latin: Magnus Ducatus Finlandiæ, Russian: Великое княжество Финляндское, Velikoye knyazhestvo Finlyandskoye; for the English translation; see also Grand Duke and Grand Prince) was the predecessor state of modern Finland. It existed between 1809 and 1917 as an autonomous part of the Russian Empire and was ruled by the Russian Emperor as Grand Duke.

People's State of Hesse

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The Grand Duchy of Frankfurt in 1812.

Grand Duchess Charlotte

Grand Duchess Viktoria Feodorovna

Mecklenburg-Schwerin

micronatio

Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna of Russia (1718–1725)

Grand Duchess Olga of Russia (disambiguation)

Lower Chamber

Grand Duchess of Oldenburg

December

The Grand Duchy of Berg in 1812.

Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna

Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: Ксения Александровна Романова; 6 April [O.S. 25 March] 1875 – 20 April 1960) was the elder daughter and fourth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia (née Princess Dagmar of Denmark) and the sister of Emperor Nicholas II. She married a cousin, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, with whom she had seven children. She was the mother-in-law of Felix Yusupov and a cousin of Grand Duke Dmitri Pavlovich of Russia who, together, killed Grigori Rasputin, holy healer to her nephew, the haemophiliac Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich of Russia. During her brother's reign she recorded in her diary and letters increasing concern about his rule. After the fall of the monarchy in February 1917 she fled Russia, eventually settling in the United Kingdom.

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1819-1876)

Duchess of Edinburgh

Flandriaan, Flandrensisian

Schwerin

Grand Duchy of Berg

Grand Duchy of Kraków

Joined German Empire

Grand Duchess Victoria Feodorovna (Victoria Melita of Edinburgh)

Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna

Kira, Princess Andrej of Yugoslavia

Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess consort of Hesse-Darmstadt

Grand Duchy of Krakow

Grand Duchess Maria Cyrillovna of Russia

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Grand Duchess Maria Nicolaievna of Russia

Nikolai Nekrasov

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of the

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna

Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna (1713-1715)

Weimar, Modern day Germany

Grand Duchess Jelena Petrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia

Client state

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Grand Duchess Natalya Alexeyevna of Russia (1714-1728)

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Flag of Finland.svg

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Великое Княжество Московское

Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna of Russia

HIH Grand Duchess Elena Vladimirovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (Elizabeth of Hesse)

State of the Confederation of the Rhine

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaievna, Duchess of Leuchtenberg

Grand Duchesses

Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg Strelitz

Grand Duchesses consort of Hesse

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Duke Nikolaus

Grand Duchess Tatiana Nicolaievna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna the Elder

Napoleonic Wars

Hereditary Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

The Grand Duchy of Avram is a micronation founded in the early 1980s by Tasmanian John Charlton Rudge, who styles himself the "Grand Duke of Avram".The public manifestation of the Duchy was The Royal Bank of Avram which at one time operated from retail premises owned by The Grand Duke of Avram in George Town, Tasmania, and which still issues its own banknotes and coinage and platinum 1 ounce coins. This enterprise was later relocated to Strahan, on Tasmania's west coast.

Flag of Oldenburg .svg

Grand Duchy of Baden State Railway

Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxemburg

Grand Duchesses of Hesse-Darmstadt

Grand Duchy of Muscovy

("Hail to thee, O Oldenburg")

Flandri
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Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt

Grand Duchess Melitta

Royal Cemetery, Tatoi Palace, Greece

Grand Duchy of Oldenburg

Princess of Leiningen

Grand Duchy Of Baden

Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (1714–1728)

Grand Duchess Yelizaveta Mikhaylovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Maria (disambiguation)

Grand Duchesses of Luxembourg

Hesse and by Rhine

Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin

Wielkie Księstwo Krakowskie

Guri Nikolaevich

The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein), or the Grand Duchy of Hesse (German: Großherzogtum Hessen) between 1806 and 1816, was an independent country and member state of the German Confederation as of 1806, when the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was elevated to a Grand Duchy which it remained until 1918, when the monarchy was overthrown. Hesse lost its independence when it joined the German Empire in 1871. Before 1866, its northern neighbour was its former sister Landgraviate, since 1803 an Electorate, of Hesse-Kassel – for this reason, this state was sometimes colloquially known as Hesse-Darmstadt.

Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia (1786–1859)

Grand Duchess consorts of Luxemburg

County of Wetzlar

Grand Duchess consort of Hesse and by Rhine

Grand Duchess Charlotte of Luxembourg

Grand Duchess Ksenia Alexandrovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Alexandrovna

(Russian)

Coburg, Bavaria, Germany

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Nicholaevna of Russia

Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt

Free City of Frankfurt

Grand Duchy de Posen

Flag of Finland

Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna of Russia (1718-1725)

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Grand Duchess Maria Georgievna (Maria of Greece)

Grand Duchess Militza Nikolaievna of Russia

The Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein), or the Grand Duchy of Hesse (German: Großherzogtum Hessen) between 1806 and 1816, was an independent country and member state of the German Confederation as of 1806, when the Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt was elevated to a Grand Duchy which it remained until 1918, when the monarchy was overthrown. Hesse lost its independence when it joined the German Empire in 1871.

Head of States

Principality of Ryazan

Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna of Russia (1713–1715)

Christian Ewald

Tenure

Grand Duchess Christina

Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

Client state of the French Empire

History of Sweden

("Song of Hesse")

Großherzogtum Oldenburg

Province of Jülich-Cleves-Berg

Grand Duchesses consorts of Luxemburg

The Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz was a territory in Northern Germany, held by the younger line of the House of Mecklenburg residing in Neustrelitz. Like the neighbouring Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, it was a sovereign member state of the German Confederation and became a federated state of the North German Confederation and finally of the German Empire upon the unification of 1871.

Grand Duchess consort of Luxemburg

Novgorod Republic

Großherzogtum Berg

Byzantine imperial eagle

Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Rus and Samogitia

HIH The Duchess of Leuchtenberg

State of the German Confederation

Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna of Russia (1899-1918)

Grand Duchess Natalia Alexeievna of Russia (1714-1728)

(Swedish)

Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Duke Georg Alexander

Duchess of Leuchtenberg

Grand Duchy of Hesse State Railways

Grand Duchess Maria Kirillovna of Russia

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Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia (Russian: Ксения Александровна Романова; 6 April [O.S. 25 March] 1875 – 20 April 1960) was the elder daughter and fourth child of Emperor Alexander III of Russia and Empress Maria Feodorovna of Russia (née Princess Dagmar of Denmark) and the sister of Emperor Nicholas II. She married a cousin, Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich of Russia, with whom she had seven children.

Sigismund von Reitzenstein

Eugen, 5th Duke of Leuchtenberg

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Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia

Grand Duchess Joséphine Charlotte of Luxembourg

Second Polish Republic

Grand Duchess of Hesse and by Rhine

Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna of Russia (1713-1715)

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Mavrikievna (Elisabeth of Saxe-Altenburg)

State of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation, and the German Empire

Absolute monarchy

Grand Duchess Jelena Vladimirovna of Russia

Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia

Grand Duchesses consorts of Hesse-Darmstadt

Grand Duchess Marie

Black-and-white photograph of a young Olga seated in an Edwardian dress with a high neck line and long sleeves. Her thick dark hair is pinned up, and she wears a rope of pearls around her neck.

Grand Duchy of Geoff

Grand Duchess Olga Constantinovna of Russia

Grand Duchy of Luxemburg

HIH Grand Duchess Natalia Petrovna of Russia

Prince Peter of Leiningen

, Coburg

Grand Duchesses consort of Luxembourg

House of Nassau-Weilburg

Non-territorial

Grand Duchess Catherine Mikhailovna, 1850, by Timofei Neff

Grand Duchess consort of Oldenburg

Grand Duchess Yelena Pavlovna

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Heinrich von und zu Bodman

Grand Duchy of Moscow

Grand Duchess Marie Adelaide

Grand Duchess of Finland

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna (Elizabeth of Hesse-Darmstadt)

Grand Duchess Elizabeth of Russia

Grand Duchess Elizabeth Feodorovna

Grand Duchesses consort of Luxemburg

Grand Duchess Vera Konstantinovna

Grand Duchess Xenia Alexandrovna of Russia

Ausgleich

Prince Sergei of Leuchtenberg

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna of Russia the Elder

Flandrensis Domi Nostrae

Grand Duchesses of Russia

Grand Duke of Cracow¹

Großherzogtum Frankfurt

Grand Duchess Maria Pavlovna the Younger

House of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach

Grand Duchess consort of Hesse

Madrid, Spain

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Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine

Carl Grolman
Großherzogtum Hessen und bei Rhein

The Grand Duchy of Baden (German: Großherzogtum Baden) was a state in the southwest of Germany on the east bank of the Rhine. It existed between 1806 and 1918.It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently split into different lines, which were unified in 1771. It then became the much-enlarged Grand Duchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1803–06 and was a sovereign country until it joined the German Empire in 1871, remaining a Grand Duchy until 1918 when it became part of the Weimar Republic as the Republic of Baden. Baden was bordered to the north by the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt; to the west, along most of its length, by the River Rhine, which separated Baden from the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate and Alsace in modern France; to the south by Switzerland; and to the east by the Kingdom of Württemberg, the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Bavaria.After World War II, the French military government in 1945 created the state of Baden (originally known as "South Baden") out of the southern half of the former Baden, with Freiburg as its capital. This portion of the former Baden was declared in its 1947 constitution to be the true successor of the old Baden. The northern half of the old Baden was combined with northern Württemberg, becoming part of the American military zone, and formed the state of Württemberg-Baden. Both Baden and Württemberg-Baden became states of West Germany upon its formation in 1949.In 1952 Baden merged with Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern (southern Württemberg and the former Prussian exclave of Hohenzollern) to form Baden-Württemberg. This is the only merger of states that has taken place in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany.The unofficial anthem of Baden is called "Badnerlied" (Song of the People of Baden) and consists of four or five traditional verses. However, over the years, many more verses have been added – there are collections with up to 591 verses of the anthem.

Großherzogtum Berg (de)