Gastrointestinal secretion

Gastrodes grossipes, the Pine Cone Bug is a true bug found in most of Europe except in the far North. In the East, the distribution area extends over Asia minor and the Caucasus , and then across the Palearctic to Siberia. The food plant is Pinus sylvestris.

Gastrochrysia

G. bilobum

Gastrodia javanica

Gastrodiscoides hominis

Gastrocutaneous syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant cutaneous condition characterized by multiple lentigines.

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool. Small amounts of bleeding over a long time may cause iron-deficiency anemia resulting in feeling tired or heart-related chest pain.

Trichoglottis

Gastrointestinal walls

Gastrocopta pentodon, common name the comb snaggletooth, is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the vertigo snails.

Gastrolan

Gastrointest Endosc

Gastrochilus taiwanianus

Gastrointestinal haemorrhage

Online access

G. grossipes

ruptured bowel, gastrointestinal rupture

clade Eupulmonata

Species

The gastrodermis is the inner layer of cells that serves as a lining membrane of the gastrovascular cavity of Cnidarians. The term is also used for the analogous inner epithelial layer of Ctenophores.

IUCN3.1

quadriradiata

Gastrointestinal intraepithelial neoplasia (GIN or GIIN), also known as "digestive epithelial dysplasia" is abnormal growth (cellular dysplasia) of digestive epithelial cells in the digestive mucosa.Gastrointestinal intraepithelial neoplasia is the potentially premalignant transformation.Since 2000, they are classified according to the Vienna classification.

Two views of one shell of Gastrocopta new species from the Viernheim research borehole, Scale bar is in mm

Gastroenteritis, eosinophilic

Gastrodigenin

Tryon, 1866

iucn3.1

Gastroleccinum scabrosum

*Brachysema lanceolatum var. hypargyreum Meisn.

Gastrodelphyidae

Gastrolepta anthracina

Digestive disease

Gastrocymba quadriradiata is a clingfish of the family Gobiesocidae, found only around New Zealand's sub-Antarctic islands.

clade Orthurethra

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor

Animalia

Gastrocopta pellucida

Gastrointestinal agents

Gastroenterol

A gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor is a neuroectodermal tumor that appears in the gastrointestinal system.

yes

clade Euthyneura

Gastrointestinal issues

Gastrocutaneous syndrome

Gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor

* Auxopus
* Didymoplexiella
* Didymoplexiopsis
* Didymoplexis
* Gastrodia
* Uleiorchis

Thiers

Kraenzl.

Gastrointestinal disturbance

Chemical structure of gastrodigenin

Elsevier on behalf of the American Gastroenterological Association

Gastroentinitis

Gastrocyathus

Gastrocopta armifera

Gastrointestinal dysfunction

Gastroileal reflex

Gastrodin

United States

Gastroenteritis, noninfectious, unspec.

Gastrocopta boninensis

*Saccolabium bigibbum (Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.)
Gastrochilus obliquus is a species of orchid native to China, the Himalayas and Southeast Asia. Two varieties are recognized:Gastrochilus obliquus var. obliquus - Sichuan, Yunnan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, VietnamGastrochilus obliquus var. suavis (Seidenf.) Z.H.Tsi - Thailand^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Gastrochilus obliquus^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Gastrochilus obliquus var. obliquus^ Flora of China v 25 p 494, 无茎盆距兰 wu jing pen ju lan, Gastrochilus obliquus (Lindley) Kuntze

Gastrodomina

Gastroduodenostomy is a surgical procedure where the doctor creates a new connection between the stomach and the duodenum. This procedure may be performed in cases of stomach cancer or in the case of a malfunctioning pyloric valve.

The gastrocolic ligament and its relationships

Gastrointestinal hormones

Gastrochilus pseudodistichus

Vertigopsis

Gastrolobium celsianum

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Branches of the celiac artery. The gastroduodenal artery appears on the right part of the figure and overlays/is anterior to the portal vein. The stomach is raised and inverted - compare with celiac artery branches - stomach in situ.

Gastrodes grossipes

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Vertigo moravica Petrbok, 1959

Gastrolepta is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.

*Gastrodia elata f. pilifera Tuyama (1941)

Gastrocopta moravica is a fossil species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.This species is known from the Upper Pliocene to the Early Pleistocene. Gastrocopta moravica (together with Gastrocopta serotina) is chronostratigraphically significant as an index fossil for the Late Tiglian (= Gelasian, within the Early Pleistocene).

Poecilozonitinae Pilsbry, 1924

* Saccolabium pseudodistichum (King & Pantl. )
*Saccolabium hoyopse (Rolfe ex Downie)
*Gastrochilus hoyopsis ( Seidenf. & Smitinand)
*Saccolabium distichum var. pseudodistichum ( Finet in H.Lecomte)
*Saccolabium fuscopunctatum (Hayata)
*Gastrochilus fuscopunctatus ( Hayata)

clade Stylommatophora

Chemical structure of gastrodin

Gastrodia elata is a saprophytic perennial herb in the Orchidaceae family. It is found in Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyuushu ), North Korea, Siberia, Taiwan as well as China (in the provinces of Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, and Tibet) grow at elevations of 400–3200 meters at the edge of forest.The herb is used in Traditional Chinese medicine and Sichuan cuisine. It is one of the three orchids listed in the earliest known Chinese Materia Medica (Shennon bencaojing) (c. 100 AD). Medicinally, it is used for 'calming the liver'and for treating headaches, dizziness, tetanus, and epilepsy. According to "Nutrition Review," "Gastrodia root has been shown to exert novel pain relief and inflammatory-mediating activities, as well as in vivo and in vitro inhibitory activity on nitric oxide (NO) production."

Gastrocopta
Gastrocopta boninensis is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails. This species is endemic to Japan.

Gastrochilus obliquus

Gastrofrenal

Gastrocymba

Gastrogram

A gastroenterostomy is the surgical creation of a connection between the stomach and the jejunum. The operation can sometimes be performed at the same time as a partial gastrectomy (the removal of part of the stomach). Gastroenterostomy was in the past typically performed to treat peptic ulcers, but today is usually carried out to enable food to pass directly to the middle section of the small intestine, bypassing the damaged first section of the small intestine duodenum. The procedure is still being used to treat refractory gastroparesis but is now rarely used to treat peptic ulcer disease ulcers as most cases are bacterial in nature and there are many new drugs available to treat the gastric reflux often experienced with peptic ulcer disease. At least 80% of peptic ulcers are caused by the bacteria H. pylori, and are therefore treated with combination antibiotic therapy (references pending).

Gastrodynerus

Gastrodon (Pokémon)

Kuntze

arteria gastroduodenalis

clade limacoid clade

Gastrolobium

IUCN2.3

G. contracta

Gastrolienal ligament

Gastrohedyle

Gastrogmus ischialis

Free air under the right diaphragm from a bowel perforated.

Gastroesophageal sphincter

Plantae

Gastrointestinal flora

Gastroenteritus

Arthropoda

Gastrodin is a chemical compounds which is the glucoside of gastrodigenin. It has been isolated from the orchid Gastrodia elata and from the rhizome of Galeola faberi.Gastrodin can also be produced by biotransformation of 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde by Datura tatula cell cultures.

Gastrodine

G. kuroshimensis

Gastrolepta anthracina is a species of flies in the family Tachinidae.

Gastrolienal ligaments

Gastrocolic ligament

clade Heterobranchia

Gastrointestinal cocktail

Gastrolobium bilobum

F.Y.Liu & S.C.Chen

G. armifera

GAENBQ

Gastrointestinal pathology is the subspecialty of surgical pathology which deals with the diagnosis and characterization of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the digestive tract and accessory organs, such as the pancreas and liver.

Briggs, 1955

Apertural view of a shell of Gastrocopta contracta

The celiac artery and its branches.

Gastrolobium acrocaroli

MA Healthcare

Gastrointestinal diseases refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract, namely the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine and rectum, and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

L Cretaceous

Gastroepiploic vein (disambiguation)

Gastroduodenal artery

Gastrolactarius camphoratus

Gastrodia tuberculata

Gastrointestinal disease

Gastrointestinal tract disorders

*Chonephilus (M. Sars, 1861)
*Gastrodelphys (Graeffe, 1883)
*Sabellacheres (M. Sars, 1861)

Gastrointestinal perforation

Bulletin of the American Gastroscopic Society, Bulletin of Gastroscopy and Esophagoscopy, Bulletin of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

clade Panpulmonata

A gastrojejunocolic fistula is a disorder of the human gastrointestinal tract. It may form between the transverse colon and the upper jejunum after a Billroth II surgical procedure. (The Billroth procedure attaches the jejunum to the remainder of the stomach). Fecal matter thereby passes improperly from the colon to the stomach, and causes halitosis.

List, 1889

Gastrocnemius muscle

Gastrointestinal inhibitory peptide

Gastrointestinal Nursing

Gastrointestinal bleed

Paramphistomidae

Gastroepiploic vein

Gastroleccinum

Gastrointestinal rupture

The gastrocolic reflex or gastrocolic response is one of a number of physiological reflexes controlling the motility, or peristalsis, of the gastrointestinal tract. It involves an increase in motility of the colon in response to stretch in the stomach and byproducts of digestion in the small intestine. Thus, this reflex is responsible for the urge to defecate following a meal. The small intestine also shows a similar motility response.

Gastroepiploic Vein

Gastrolactarius is a genus of gasteroid fungi in the family Russulaceae . Although currently valid, this taxon is very likely a synonym of Lactarius.

G. africana

Gastroesophageal angle

Gastrol is a phenolic compound produced by the saprophytic orchid Gastrodia elata.

Suetsugu

Gastropoda

Gastrohepatic omentum

Gastrocyathus gracilis

changed

Gastrocopta pentodon

Gastrochilus pseudodistichus is a species of orchid. It is native to Asia (Nepal, Yunnan, Assam, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam and Taiwan].

informal group Sigmurethra

Gastrointerology

medic

Gastrodieae

Gastrohoplites

Gastroenterostomy

med

Gastrococos crispa

Gastroepiploic artery

Gastrocopta contracta

Gastrokinetics

Gastrocrom

Gastrodia

Histopathologic image of gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach. Hematoxylin-eosin stain.

Gastroclonium

Genera

Gastrolepta (Bezzi, 1906)

Gastrocopta sp. Viernheim

Gastrointestinal conditions

Gastrointestinal condition

Gastrocnemius

Gastrokinetic

pylorus, proximal duodenum

Gastrocymba quadriradiata

Gastrointestinal cancer

Gastrodiinae

Gastrointestinal motility

Gastrocopta moravica

* Saccolabium obliquum (Lindl. )
*Vanda obliqua (Wall. ex Hook.f.)
*Saccolabium bigibbum (Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.)
*Gastrochilus bigibbus ( Kuntze)

Gastrointestinal stoma

Two live individuals of Zonitoides arboreus on the roots of orchid plants.

G. tuberculata

Gastrointestinal canal

December 2009

Leiper, 1913

Gastroenteritis, viral

September 2016

Gastrolactarius camphoratus' is a species of fungus native to the Pacific Northwest of North America. Initially described as Elasmomyces camphoratus in 1960, it gained its current name in 2004.

Gastrocopta sp. from the Viernheim borehole is an undescribed species of a very small fossil land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

Gastrodontoidea

Gastrogmus ischialis is a species of beetle in the family Carabidae, the only species in the genus Gastrogmus.

Families

Gastroleccinum is a fungal genus in the family Boletaceae. It is a monotypic genus, represented by the single species Gastroleccinum scabrosum. The genus was circumscribed by Harry Delbert Thiers in 1989.

Gastroenterologia

Gastrodia elata

Gastrointestinal systems

Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors

In humans, the gastrocnemius muscle (/ˌɡæstrɒkˈniːmiəs/ or /ˌɡæstrəkˈniːmiəs/; plural gastrocnemii; Latin, from Greek γαστήρ "stomach" and κνήμη (knēmē) "leg"; meaning "stomach of leg" (referring to the bulging shape of the calf) is a very powerful superficial bipennate muscle that is in the back part of the lower leg. It runs from its two heads just above the knee to the heel, a two joint muscle.

J.M.Vidal

Gastrointestinal hemorrage

Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The symptoms relate to the organ affected and can include obstruction (leading to difficulty swallowing or defecating), abnormal bleeding or other associated problems. The diagnosis often requires endoscopy, followed by biopsy of suspicious tissue. The treatment depends on the location of the tumor, as well as the type of cancer cell and whether it has invaded other tissues or spread elsewhere. These factors also determine the prognosis.Overall, the GI tract and the accessory organs of digestion (pancreas, liver, gall bladder) are responsible for more cancers and more deaths from cancer than any other system in the body. There is significant geographic variation in the rates of different gastrointestinal cancers.

Gastrodia kuroshimensis

Gastrodia africana is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is endemic to Cameroon. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Gastrolepta

Gastrointestinal illness

Gastrodermis

Gastroesophageal junction

Gastrointestinal medicine

Gastrointestinal dysmotility

Gastrointestinal surgery

J.M. Vidal

Gastrodieae is an orchid tribe in the subfamily Epidendroideae.

Gastroduodenostomy

Gastrodia tuberculata is a species of plant in the Orchidaceae family. It is endemic to China.

Gastrointestinal wall

Gastrolobium acrocaroli is an erect open shrub that is endemic to an isolated location in the south-west of Western Australia. It is a member of the family Fabaceae, grows to 2.7 metres high and produces orange yellow pea-flowers in either April or September to November.

Gastrocopta armifera, common name the armed snaggletooth, is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae.

A gastroenterostomy is the surgical creation of a connection between the stomach and the jejunum. The operation can sometimes be performed at the same time as a partial gastrectomy (the removal of part of the stomach). Gastroenterostomy was in the past typically performed to treat peptic ulcers, but today is usually carried out to enable food to pass directly to the middle section of the small intestine, bypassing the damaged first section of the small intestine duodenum.

Swan River Pea

The gastrocolic ligament is a portion of the greater omentum that stretches from the greater curvature of the stomach to the transverse colon. It forms part of the anterior wall of the lesser sac.Dividing the gastrocolic ligament provides access to the anterior pancreas and the posterior wall of the stomach. This is commonly done for Whipple procedures, distal pancreatectomy, some forms of the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, and exploratory laparotomy.

See text

G. quadriradiata

Amphistomum hominis (Lewis and McConnell)

R.Heim ex J.M.Vidal 2005

Gastrointestinal stromal tumour

Sloane, 1915

*Saccolabium distichum var. pseudodistichum (King & Pantl.) Finet in H.Lecomte)

Gastrointest. Nurs.

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage

Gastroliths

Gastrointestinal fluoroscopy

radio

Gastrocolic omentum

Bifidaria pentodon

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Gastrolactarius densus

Gastroenterocolitis is a condition characterized by inflammation of the stomach, small intestines, and colon.

Gastrocopta pellucida is a species of minute air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk or micromollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the vertigo snails.

Chemical structure of gastrol

* G. e. f. alba
* G. e. f. elata
* G. e. f. flavida
* G. e. f. glauca
* G. e. f. viridis

*Brachysema lanceolatum Meisn. var. lanceolatum

Gastrococos

Gastrodelphyidae is a family of parasitic copepods.

Gastrochilus obliquus is a species of orchid native to China, the Himalayas and Southeast Asia. Two varieties are recognized:Gastrochilus obliquus var. obliquus - Sichuan, Yunnan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Assam, Andaman Islands, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, VietnamGastrochilus obliquus var. suavis (Seidenf.) Z.H.Tsi - Thailand^ a b Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Gastrochilus obliquus^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Gastrochilus obliquus var.

Gastroenteric anthrax

Gastrointestinal disorders

Fossil shell of Gastrocopta moravica oligodonta from a Viernheim research borehole. Scale bar is 1 mm.

*Brachysema lanceolatum var. planifolium Meisn.

Gastrointestinal anthrax

Gastrointestinal complaints

Gastroid pholiota

Gastrodyn

Gastrodia javanica or Javanese Chijian (Japanese: 爪哇赤箭) is an epiparasitic species of orchid native to Singapore, the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Thailand. The species normally grows to a height of 20 to 80 centimeters, and has pale yellow or green-yellow flowers.

Gastroduodenoscopy

Gastroesophageal reflux disorder

Gastroduodenal ulcer

Insecta

Gastrointestinal cancer refers to malignant conditions of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and accessory organs of digestion, including the esophagus, stomach, biliary system, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus. The symptoms relate to the organ affected and can include obstruction (leading to difficulty swallowing or defecating), abnormal bleeding or other associated problems. The diagnosis often requires endoscopy, followed by biopsy of suspicious tissue.

Gastroenterocolitis

Gastrodontoidea is a taxonomic superfamily of air-breathing land snails, terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusks in the limacoid clade.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors

G. acrocaroli

The gastrointestinal hormones (or gut hormones) constitute a group of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs. Later studies showed that most of the gut peptides, such as secretin, cholecystokinin or substance P, were found to play a role of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the central and peripheral nervous systems.Enteroendocrine cells do not form glands but are spread throughout the digestive tract. They exert their autocrine and paracrine actions that integrate gastrointestinal function.

Gastrointestinal ulcer

Gastroesophageal reflux

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy is a monthly peer-reviewed medical journal covering gastroenterology, especially as relating to endoscopy. It is published by Elsevier and the official publication of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. The editor-in-chief is Michael B. Wallace (Mayo Clinic).

Bifidaria contracta

down

*Gamoplexis (Falc.)
*Epiphanes (Blume)
*Neoclemensia (Carr)
*Demorchis (D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.)

A positive fecal occult blood test

Gastrodiscoides hominis is a zoonotic helminth parasite belonging to a class of flatworms Trematoda. This is the only species in the genus Gastrodiscoides.It is primarily an intestinal fluke of pig, but also infect other vertebrates including human. In fact the first specimen was described from human subject in 1876, and constitute an important parasite of human in Bangladesh, India, Burma, China, Kazakhstan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Volga Delta in Russia. In India, it is particularly rampant in Assam, Bengal, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh. Isolated cases are also reported from Africa, such as Nigeria.Sometimes also known as colonic fluke, it infects the colon of pigs, rhesus monkey, orang-utan, fish, field rats and Napu mouse deer. But in case of humans the worms are attached on the wall of the caecum. Humans are considered an accidental host because the parasite can survive without humans. It causes a helminthic disease called gastrodiscoidiasis.

Elsevier on behalf of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Gastrointestinal disease and skin lesions

June

?Upper Paleocene, Upper Oligocene-Recent

The gastrointestinal hormones (or gut hormones) constitute a group of hormones secreted by enteroendocrine cells in the stomach, pancreas, and small intestine that control various functions of the digestive organs.

Gastrodia africana

Gastroenterology

Gastrodynerus is a small south-western nearctic genus of potter wasps with four currently recognized species, all of them found in Mexico. Gastrodynerus vanduzeei is also found in the United States.

Gastroflux

Gastrogmus

Gastrolactarius

View of the aperture of a shell of Gastrocopta pentodon

Mollusca

The gastrointestinal wall surrounding the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is made up of four layers of specialised tissue – from the lumen outwards:Mucosa.Submucosa.Muscular layer.Serosa (if the tissue is intraperitoneal) / Adventitia (if the tissue is retroperitoneal) -- these last two tissue types differ slightly in form and function according to the part of the gastrointestinal tract they belong to (see the section below for more detail).The epithelium, the most exposed part of the mucosa, is a glandular epithelium with many goblet cells. Goblet cells secrete mucus, which lubricates the passage of food along and protects it from digestive enzymes. In the small intestine, villi are folds of the mucosa that increase the surface area of the intestine. The villi contain a lacteal, a vessel connected to the lymph system that aids in the removal of lipids and tissue fluids. Microvilli are present on the epithelium of a villus and further increase the surface area over which absorption can take place. Numerous intestinal glands as pocket-like invaginations are present in the underlying tissue. In the large intestines, villi are absent and a flat surface with thousands of glands is observed. Underlying the epithelium is the lamina propria, which contains myofibroblasts, blood vessels, nerves, and several different immune cells, and the muscularis mucosa which is a layer of smooth muscle that aids in the action of continued peristalsis and catastalsis along the gut.The submucosa contains nerves including the submucous plexus (Meissner's plexus), blood vessels and elastic fibres with collagen, that stretches with increased capacity but maintains the shape of the intestine.Surrounding this is the muscular layer, which comprises both longitudinal and circular smooth muscle that also helps with continued peristalsis and the movement of digested material out of and along the gut. In between the two layers of muscle lies the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus).Lastly, there is the serosa/adventitia which is made up of loose connective tissue and coated in mucus so as to prevent any friction damage from the intestine rubbing against other tissue. Holding all this in place are the mesenteries which suspend the intestine in the abdominal cavity and stop it being disturbed when a person is physically active.

Gastroepiploic vessels

Gastrodes

ligamentum gastrocolicum

Gastrointestinal tracts

Gastroduodenal arteries

*Epiphanes javanica (Blume)
*Gastrodia hasseltii (Blume)
*Gastrodia javanica f. thalassina (Yokota)
*Gastrodia lutea (Fukuy.)
*Gastrodia malayana (Ridl.)
*Gastrodia stapfii (Hayata)

4-(Hydroxymethyl)phenol

Gastrochilus speciosus

*Brachysema acuminatum Jacques
*Brachysema lanceolatum Meisn.
*Brachysema lanceolatum var. hypargyreum Meisn.
*Brachysema lanceolatum Meisn. var. lanceolatum
*Brachysema lanceolatum var. planifolium Meisn.
*Brachysema speciosum Lesc.

Gastroduodenal

Gastrochilus

Gastrodermus

G. ischialis

tendo calcaneus into mid-posterior calcaneus

Gastrointestinal disorder

Gastrointestinal neoplasms

Gastrocnemius muscles

Gastrodia elata in bloom

Gastrointestinal ailment

Gastrointestinal perforation, also known as ruptured bowel, is a hole in the wall of part of the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain and tenderness. When the hole is in the stomach or early part of the small intestine the onset of pain is typically sudden while with a hole in the large intestine onset may be more gradual. The pain is usually constant in nature.

Gastrointestinal discomfort

Gastrointestinal hemorrhaging

Gastrointestinal neoplasm

Gastrocnemious

Gastrointestinal physiology is the branch of human physiology that addresses the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The function of the GI tract is to process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients and excrete waste products.

Gastrografin

Gastroepiploic veins

Gastrointestinal physiology

Gastrodigenin is a phenolic compound found in the rhizome of Gastrodia elata.Gastrodin is the glucoside of gastrodigenin.

G. obliquus

Gastroepiploic

Bifidaria armifera

Gastrocolic ligaments

Diagram of the stomach, showing the different regions.

(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-[4-(hydroxymethyl)phenoxy]oxane-3,4,5-triol

Fukushima pref., Japan

Gastrodiscoides hominis is a zoonotic helminth parasite belonging to a class of flatworms Trematoda. This is the only species in the genus Gastrodiscoides.It is primarily an intestinal fluke of pig, but also infect other vertebrates including human. In fact the first specimen was described from human subject in 1876, and constitute an important parasite of human in Bangladesh, India, Burma, China, Kazakhstan, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, and Volga Delta in Russia.

Numerous shells of Gastrocopta pellucida hordeacella compared in size to 1 Euro coin, about 23 mm in diameter

Two shells of Zonitoides nitidus

Organs of the gastrointestinal tract

G.Chandler & Crisp

Gastrohepatic ligament

Gastroinhibitory polypeptides or Gastroinhibitory peptides (GIP), are physiologically important in potentiating insulin release. GIP stimulates insulin release when glucose concentration is elevated.

Gastrochrysia lineolata

GNET. Tumor cells with prominent nucleoli and clear cytoplasm are arranged in well-defined nests surrounded by dense fibrous stroma with admixed giant cells.

Gastrodiplomacy

Gastrointestinal perforation, also known as ruptured bowel, is a hole in the wall of part of the gastrointestinal tract. The gastrointestinal tract includes the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Symptoms include severe abdominal pain and tenderness. When the hole is in the stomach or early part of the small intestine the onset of pain is typically sudden while with a hole in the large intestine onset may be more gradual. The pain is usually constant in nature. Sepsis, with an increased heart rate, increased breathing rate, fever, and confusion may occur.The cause can include trauma such as from a knife wound, eating a sharp object, or a medical procedure such as colonoscopy, bowel obstruction such as from a volvulus, colon cancer, or diverticulitis, stomach ulcers, ischemic bowel, and a number of infections including C. difficile. A hole allows intestinal contents to enter the abdominal cavity. The entry of bacteria results in a condition known as peritonitis or in the formation of an abscess. A hole in the stomach can also lead to a chemical peritonitis due to gastric acid. A CT scan is typically the preferred method of diagnosis; however, free air from a perforation can often be seen on plain X-ray.Perforation anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract typically requires emergency surgery in the form of an exploratory laparotomy. This is usually carried out along with intravenous fluids and antibiotics. A number of different antibiotics may be used such as piperacillin/tazobactam or the combination of ciprofloxacin and metronidazole. Occasionally the hole can be sewn closed while other times a bowel resection is required. Even with maximum treatment the risk of death can be as high as 50%. A hole from a stomach ulcer occurs in about 1 per 10,000 people per year, while one from diverticulitis occurs in about 0.4 per 10,000 people per year.

Gastrolavage

*Gastrochilus hoyopsis (Rolfe ex Downie)Seidenf.&Smitinand)

Gastrointestinal pathology

G. pentodon

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI bleed), also known as gastrointestinal hemorrhage, is all forms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. When there is significant blood loss over a short time, symptoms may include vomiting red blood, vomiting black blood, bloody stool, or black stool. Small amounts of bleeding over a long time may cause iron-deficiency anemia resulting in feeling tired or heart-related chest pain. Other symptoms may include abdominal pain, shortness of breath, pale skin, or passing out. Sometimes in those with small amounts of bleeding no symptoms may be present.Bleeding is typically divided into two main types: upper gastrointestinal bleeding and lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Causes of upper GI bleeds include: peptic ulcer disease, esophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis and cancer, among others. Causes of lower GI bleeds include: hemorrhoids, cancer, and inflammatory bowel disease among others. Diagnosis typically begins with a medical history and physical examination, along with blood tests. Small amounts of bleeding may be detected by fecal occult blood test. Endoscopy of the lower and upper gastrointestinal track may locate the area of bleeding. Medical imaging may be useful in cases that are not clear.Initial treatment focuses on resuscitation which may include intravenous fluids and blood transfusions. Often blood transfusions are not recommended unless the hemoglobin is less than 70 or 80 g/L. Treatment with proton pump inhibitors, octreotide, and antibiotics may be considered in certain cases. If other measures are not effective, an esophageal balloon may be attempted in those with persumed esophageal varices. Endoscopy of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum or endoscopy of the large bowel are generally recommended within 24 hours and may allow treatment as well as diagnosis.An upper GI bleed is more common than lower GI bleed. An upper GI bleed occurs in 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year. A lower GI bleed is estimated to occur in 20 to 30 per 100,000 per year. It results in about 300,000 hospital admissions a year in the United States. Risk of death from a GI bleed is between 5% and 30%. Risk of bleeding is more common in males and increases with age.

McLearn, 1930

Gastrointestinal canals

Gastroepiploic artery (disambiguation)

Gastroesophageal junctions

Gastrointestinal medication

Gastrofam

Vespidae

G. anthracina

G. boninensis

G. moravica

See text.

An illustration from Curtis's Botanical Magazine .

*Gastrochilus fuscopunctatus (Hayata) Hayata)

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

tibial nerve from the sciatic, specifically, nerve roots S1–S2

"Gastrocopta sp. Viernheim" [undescribed]

Gastrointestinal

In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen. It supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries).The gastroduodenal artery most commonly arises from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk, but there are numerous variations of the origin.

Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumor

Gastrointestinal Neuroectodermal Tumor

*Gastrochilus bigibbus (Rchb.f. ex Hook.f.) Kuntze)

Gastrochisis

G. javanica

Gastrocolic response

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs arise in the smooth muscle pacemaker interstitial cell of Cajal, or similar cells. They are defined as tumors whose behavior is driven by mutations in the KIT gene (85%), PDGFRA gene (10%), or BRAF kinase (rare). 95% of GISTs stain positively for KIT (CD117).

Gastrolav

Gastrointestinal series (disambiguation)

Gastroenterol.

*Gastrodia javanica f. thalassina (Yokota)

*Gastrodia elata var. gracilis Pamp. (1915)

4-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methoxymethyl]-2-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]phenol

superior to articular surfaces of lateral condyle of femur and medial condyle of femur

Gastrograffin esophagram

Schltr.

Gastroinhibitory peptide

* Saccolabium pseudodistichum (King&Pantl.(basionym)

Gastrointestinal reflux

Gastrointestinal problem

Gastrointestinal transit time

Gastrointestinal diseases

G. pellucida

Gastroenteric reflex

Gastrointestinal tract syndrome

Copepoda

Gastrointestinal Cancer

Gastrodiscoides

Gastroenterologist

Gastrojejunocolic fistula

G. elata

Gastrointestinal complaint

Gastroglottis

Gastrodon

Gastrointestinal distress

Gastrodia elata is a saprophytic perennial herb in the Orchidaceae family.

The gastrocolic reflex or gastrocolic response is one of a number of physiological reflexes controlling the motility, or peristalsis, of the gastrointestinal tract. It involves an increase in motility of the colon in response to stretch in the stomach and byproducts of digestion in the small intestine. Thus, this reflex is responsible for the urge to defecate following a meal. The small intestine also shows a similar motility response. The gastrocolic reflex helps make room for more food.The reflex was demonstrated by myoelectric recordings in the colons of animals and humans, which showed an increase in electrical activity within as little as 15 minutes after eating. The recordings also demonstrated that the gastrocolic reflex is uneven in its distribution throughout the colon. The sigmoid colon is more greatly affected than the right side of the colon in terms of a phasic response; however, the tonic response across the colon is uncertain. When pressure within the rectum becomes increased, the gastrocolic reflex acts as a stimulus for defecation. A number of neuropeptides have been proposed as mediators of the gastrocolic reflex. These include serotonin, neurotensin, cholecystokinin (CCK), and gastrin.Clinically, the gastrocolic reflex has been implicated in pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome: the very act of eating or drinking can provoke an overreaction of the gastrocolic response in some patients with irritable bowel syndrome due to their heightened visceral sensitivity, and this can lead to abdominal pain, diarrhea, or constipation. Also, the serotonin (5HT3) antagonist ondansetron decreases the tonic response to stretch.

Gastrointest. Endosc.

Gastrointestinal peptide

hominis

An apertural view of a shell of Gastrocopta armifera

Gastrointestinal Nursing is a monthly peer-reviewed nursing journal covering research and clinical work on the practice of gastrointestinal nursing. It is published by MA Healthcare.

Gastroenteritis, infectious

Gastrointestinal atony

Róndani, 1862

Gastroenterology (journal)

Gastrocnemius Muscle

Gastrointestinal effect

In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen. It supplies blood directly to the pylorus (distal part of the stomach) and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head (via the anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries).The gastroduodenal artery most commonly arises from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk, but there are numerous variations of the origin. It first gives rise to the supraduodenal artery, followed by the posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. It terminates in a bifurcation when it splits into the right gastroepiploic artery and the anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal artery (superior pancreaticoduodenal artery). These branches form functional anastomoses with the anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries from the superior mesenteric artery. Note that the exact branching of vessels from the gastroduoenal artery is variable. Typically, the posterior and anterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries branch independently in that order, but can rarely come off a common trunk.

Gastrocolic reflex

Gastrodiscus hominis (Fischoeder)

Gastrojejunal bypass

Gastrointestinal epithelium

The gastroileal reflex is one of the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract, the other two being the gastrocolic reflex and the enterogastric reflex. The gastroileal reflex is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and gastric peristalsis. Initiation of the reflex causes peristalsis in the ileum and the opening of the ileocecal valve (which allows the emptying of the ileal contents into the large intestine, or colon). This in turn stimulates colonic peristalsis and an urge to defecate.

Gastrointestinal intraepithelial neoplasia

Gastroepiploic arteries (disambiguation)

Gastrograffin

Gastrointestinal syndrome

Gastrol

Gastrointestinal series

* Saccolabium obliquum (Lindl.(basionym)

G. pseudodistichus

*Gastrodynerus searsi Bohart, 1984
*Gastrodynerus stangei Bohart, 1984
*Gastrodynerus tacubayae
*Gastrodynerus vanduzeei

Gastrointestinal Tract

Gastrointerologist

Michael B. Wallace

Gastrodia kuroshimensis is an unusual species of plant that was discovered in April, 2016. It is mycoheterotrophic, meaning that it does not engage in photosynthesis like most plants but obtains energy from its host fungi. It is also cleistogamous, meaning that it produces flowers that never bloom. Since its flowers never bloom, it is self-fertilizing.Thus far the species has only been found on the Japanese island of Kuroshima after which it is named.Its' habitat is dark, so insects are not involved with its type.

The gastrointestinal wall surrounding the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract is made up of four layers of specialised tissue – from the lumen outwards:Mucosa.Submucosa.Muscular layer.Serosa (if the tissue is intraperitoneal) / Adventitia (if the tissue is retroperitoneal) -- these last two tissue types differ slightly in form and function according to the part of the gastrointestinal tract they belong to (see the section below for more detail).The epithelium, the most exposed part of the mucosa, is a glandular epithelium with many goblet cells.

Gastrodontidae

Gastrocopta contracta, common name the bottleneck snaggletooth, is a species of very small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vertiginidae, the whorl snails.

Janulinae Wenz, 1923

Gastrointestinal hormone

Monthly

Gastrodia kuroshimensis is an unusual species of plant that was discovered in April, 2016. It is mycoheterotrophic, meaning that it does not engage in photosynthesis like most plants but obtains energy from its host fungi. It is also cleistogamous, meaning that it produces flowers that never bloom.

Gastroesophageal Reflux/Hiatal Hernia

Gastrodia sesamoides

G. celsianum

Gastroepiploic arteries

The gastroileal reflex is one of the three extrinsic reflexes of the gastrointestinal tract, the other two being the gastrocolic reflex and the enterogastric reflex. The gastroileal reflex is stimulated by the presence of food in the stomach and gastric peristalsis. Initiation of the reflex causes peristalsis in the ileum and the opening of the ileocecal valve (which allows the emptying of the ileal contents into the large intestine, or colon).

Gastrointestinal physiology is the branch of human physiology that addresses the physical function of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The function of the GI tract is to process ingested food by mechanical and chemical means, extract nutrients and excrete waste products. The GI tract is composed of the alimentary canal, that runs from the mouth to the anus, as well as the associated glands, chemicals, hormones, and enzymes that assist in digestion.The major processes that occur in the GI tract are: motility, secretion, regulation, digestion and circulation. The proper function and coordination of these processes are vital for maintaining good health by providing for the effective digestion and uptake of nutrients.

G. camphoratus

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs arise in the smooth muscle pacemaker interstitial cell of Cajal, or similar cells. They are defined as tumors whose behavior is driven by mutations in the KIT gene (85%), PDGFRA gene (10%), or BRAF kinase (rare). 95% of GISTs stain positively for KIT (CD117). Most (66%) occur in the stomach and gastric GISTs have a lower malignant potential than tumors found elsewhere in the GI tract.

Gastrointestinal function

Longitudinal section of an adult

*Gastrodia viridis Makino
*Gastrodia mairei Schltr.
*Gastrodia elata var. gracilis Pamp.
*Gastrodia elata f. pilifera Tuyama

Lindl., Orchid. Select., 7, 11

*Gonia anthracina (Meigen, 1826)

Gastrointestinal symptom