Functor of points

In formal logic and related branches of mathematics, a functional predicate, or function symbol, is a logical symbol that may be applied to an object term to produce another object term. Functional predicates are also sometimes called mappings, but that term has other meanings as well.

Functional organization is a type of organizational structure that uses the principle of specialization based on function or role.It allows decisions to be decentralized since issues are delegated to specialized persons or units, leaving them the responsibility of implementing, evaluating, or controlling the given procedures or goals.

Functionally obsolete

Functionoids

Functionalism (psychology)

Functionalism (disambiguation)

Fund for armenian relief

Functioning on Impatience is the second full-length album from Kansas City, Missouri band Coalesce.

A functional symptom is a medical symptom in an individual which is very broadly conceived as arising from a problem in nervous system 'functioning' and not due to a structural or pathologically defined disease cause.

Functioning on impatience

In electronic design automation, functional verification is the task of verifying that the logic design conforms to specification. In everyday terms, functional verification attempts to answer the question "Does this proposed design do what is intended?" This is a complex task, and takes the majority of time and effort in most large electronic system design projects. Functional verification is a part of more encompassing design verification, which, besides functional verification, considers non-functional aspects like timing, layout and power.Functional verification is very difficult because of the sheer volume of possible testcases that exist in even a simple design. Frequently there are more than 10^80 possible tests to comprehensively verify a design – a number that is impossible to achieve in a lifetime. This effort is equivalent to program verification, and is NP-hard or even worse – and no solution has been found that works well in all cases. However, it can be attacked by many methods. None of them are perfect, but each can be helpful in certain circumstances:Logic simulation simulates the logic before it is built.Simulation acceleration applies special purpose hardware to the logic simulation problem.Emulation builds a version of system using programmable logic. This is expensive, and still much slower than the real hardware, but orders of magnitude faster than simulation. It can be used, for example, to boot the operating system on a processor.Formal verification attempts to prove mathematically that certain requirements (also expressed formally) are met, or that certain undesired behaviors (such as deadlock) cannot occur.Intelligent verification uses automation to adapt the testbench to changes in the register transfer level code.HDL-specific versions of lint, and other heuristics, are used to find common problems.Simulation based verification (also called 'dynamic verification') is widely used to "simulate" the design, since this method scales up very easily. Stimulus is provided to exercise each line in the HDL code. A test-bench is built to functionally verify the design by providing meaningful scenarios to check that given certain input, the design performs to specification.A simulation environment is typically composed of several types of components:The generator generates input vectors that are used to search for anomalies that exist between the intent (specifications) and the implementation (HDL Code). This type of generator utilizes an NP-complete type of SAT Solver that can be computationally expensive. Other types of generators include manually created vectors, Graph-Based generators (GBMs) proprietary generators. Modern generators create directed-random and random stimuli that are statistically driven to verify random parts of the design. The randomness is important to achieve a high distribution over the huge space of the available input stimuli. To this end, users of these generators intentionally under-specify the requirements for the generated tests. It is the role of the generator to randomly fill this gap. This mechanism allows the generator to create inputs that reveal bugs not being searched for directly by the user. Generators also bias the stimuli toward design corner cases to further stress the logic. Biasing and randomness serve different goals and there are tradeoffs between them, hence different generators have a different mix of these characteristics. Since the input for the design must be valid (legal) and many targets (such as biasing) should be maintained, many generators use the constraint satisfaction problem (CSP) technique to solve the complex testing requirements. The legality of the design inputs and the biasing arsenal are modeled. The model-based generators use this model to produce the correct stimuli for the target design.The drivers translate the stimuli produced by the generator into the actual inputs for the design under verification. Generators create inputs at a high level of abstraction, namely, as transactions or assembly language. The drivers convert this input into actual design inputs as defined in the specification of the design's interface.The simulator produces the outputs of the design, based on the design’s current state (the state of the flip-flops) and the injected inputs. The simulator has a description of the design net-list. This description is created by synthesizing the HDL to a low gate level net-list.The monitor converts the state of the design and its outputs to a transaction abstraction level so it can be stored in a 'score-boards' database to be checked later on.The checker validates that the contents of the 'score-boards' are legal. There are cases where the generator creates expected results, in addition to the inputs. In these cases, the checker must validate that the actual results match the expected ones.The arbitration manager manages all the above components together.Different coverage metrics are defined to assess that the design has been adequately exercised. These include functional coverage (has every functionality of the design been exercised?), statement coverage (has each line of HDL been exercised?), and branch coverage (has each direction of every branch been exercised?).

Functional management is the most common type of organizational management. The organization is grouped by areas of speciality within different functional areas (e.g., finance, marketing, and engineering). Some refer to a functional area as a "silo". Besides the heads of a firm's product and/or geographic units the company's top management team typically consists of several functional heads such as the chief financial officer, the chief operating officer, and the chief strategy officer. Communication generally occurs within a single department. If information or project work is needed from another department, a request is transmitted up to the department head, who communicates the request to the other department head. Otherwise, communication stays within the department. Team members complete project work in addition to normal department work.The main advantage of this type of organization is that each employee has only one manager, thus simplifying the chain of command.

FundRazr

Functional testing is a quality assurance (QA) process and a type of black-box testing that bases its test cases on the specifications of the software component under test. Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining the output, and internal program structure is rarely considered (unlike white-box testing). Functional testing usually describes what the system does.Functional testing does not imply that you are testing a function (method) of your module or class.

Functus officio, an officer or agency whose mandate has expired either because of the arrival of an expiry date or because an agency has accomplished the purpose for which it was created. When used in relation to a court, it may also mean whose duty or authority has come to an end. "Once a court has passed a valid sentence after a lawful hearing, it is functus officio and cannot reopen the case."

Functional program

J.J. Messner

Fund for ufo research

Fund for wild nature

In chemistry, functionality is the presence of functional groups in a molecule. In organic chemistry (and other fields of chemistry) functionality of a molecule has a decisive influence on its reactivity. In polymer chemistry the functionality of a monomer means its number of polymerizable groups, it affects the formation and the degree of crosslinking of polymers.A monofunctional molecule possesses one function, a difunctional two, a trifunctional three, etc.

Functional residual capacity

Fund Transfer Pricing

Functionalism v. intentionalism is a historiographical debate about the origins of the Holocaust as well as most aspects of the Third Reich, such as foreign policy. The debate on the origins of the Holocaust centers on essentially two questions:Was there a master plan on the part of Adolf Hitler to launch the Holocaust? Intentionalists argue there was such a plan, while functionalists argue there was not.Did the initiative for the Holocaust come from above with orders from Adolf Hitler or from below within the ranks of the German bureaucracy? Although neither side disputes the reality of the Holocaust, nor is there serious dispute over the premise that Hitler (as Führer) was personally responsible for encouraging the anti-Semitism that allowed the Holocaust to take place, intentionalists argue the initiative came from above, while functionalists contend it came from lower ranks within the bureaucracy.The terms were coined in a 1981 essay by the British Marxist historian Timothy Mason. Notable functionalists have included Raul Hilberg, Christopher Browning, Hans Mommsen, Martin Broszat, and Zygmunt Bauman. Notable intentionalists have included Andreas Hillgruber, Karl Dietrich Bracher, Klaus Hildebrand, Eberhard Jäckel, Richard Breitman, and Lucy Dawidowicz.

In Software engineering and systems engineering, a functional requirement defines a function of a system or its component. A function is described as a set of inputs, the behavior, and outputs.Functional requirements may be calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing and other specific functionality that define what a system is supposed to accomplish. Behavioral requirements describing all the cases where the system uses the functional requirements are captured in use cases. Functional requirements are supported by non-functional requirements (also known as quality requirements), which impose constraints on the design or implementation (such as performance requirements, security, or reliability). Generally, functional requirements are expressed in the form "system must do <requirement>", while non-functional requirements are "system shall be <requirement>". The plan for implementing functional requirements is detailed in the system design. The plan for implementing non-functional requirements is detailed in the system architecture.As defined in requirements engineering, functional requirements specify particular results of a system. This should be contrasted with non-functional requirements which specify overall characteristics such as cost and reliability. Functional requirements drive the application architecture of a system, while non-functional requirements drive the technical architecture of a system.In some cases a requirements analyst generates use cases after gathering and validating a set of functional requirements. The hierarchy of functional requirements is: user/stakeholder request → feature → use case → business rule. Each use case illustrates behavioral scenarios through one or more functional requirements. Often, though, an analyst will begin by eliciting a set of use cases, from which the analyst can derive the functional requirements that must be implemented to allow a user to perform each use case.

Fund derivatives

A functoid is a tool for applying methods to data via a GUI drag 'n drop interface from within the BizTalk Mapping tool.In a typical BizTalk map, the data is copied from a source to a destination by dragging a line between the two. A functoid sits in the middle of this operation and applies its method to the incoming data so as to transform it to the requirements of the destination.By default functoids are arranged into 9 categories based on their functions.String FunctoidsMathematical FunctoidsLogical FunctoidsDate / Time FunctoidsConversion FunctoidsScientific FunctoidsCumulative FunctoidsDatabase FunctoidsAdvanced FunctoidsMicrosoft BizTalk Server offers the ability to create custom functoids by referencing a DLL into a BizTalk project and accessing its methods. It is also possible to use inline C# or inline XSLT to manipulate data as it is being copied from the source to the destination.Refer: https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ee267898(v=bts.10).aspx

studio

Functions of human resource management

Functionally Hausdorff space

Functionalism (anthropology)

Under Canadian trade-mark law, the “doctrine of functionality” provides that features that are primarily functional in nature cannot be registered as trade-marks. The doctrine of functionality reflects the purpose of trade-mark, which is the protection of the distinctiveness of the wares and services associated with a trade-mark. Unlike patents, trade-marks do not protect the utilitarian features of products. The doctrine of functionality is reflected in section 13(2) of the "Trade-marks Act", which provides that: “No registration of a distinguishing guise interferes with the use of any utilitarian feature embodied in the distinguishing guise”. On the basis of functionality, courts have denied trade-mark protection for such features as the pattern of knobs on LEGO blocks and the shape of the head of an electric razor.

In Software engineering and systems engineering, a functional requirement defines a function of a system or its component. A function is described as a set of inputs, the behavior, and outputs.Functional requirements may be calculations, technical details, data manipulation and processing and other specific functionality that define what a system is supposed to accomplish.

Functional specifications document

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a statistical method for investigating the dominant modes of variation of functional data. Using this method, a random function is represented in the eigenbasis, which is an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space L2 that consists of the eigenfunctions of the autocovariance operator.

Coalesce

Functionalism

Functionalism (sociology)

Functional requirements

In sociological research, functional prerequisites are the basic needs (food, shelter, clothing, and money) that an individual requires to live above the poverty line. Functional prerequisites may also refer to the factors that allow a society to maintain social order.On the other hand Parsons argued any successful social system has four functional prerequisites – adaptation; goal attainment; integration and pattern maintenance.Adaptation – in order to survive any society needs the basics of food and shelter. Having these gives any society control over its environment. A society needs a functioning economy to provide this.Goal attainment – all societies need to provide some sort of collective goals for it members to aspire to. Governments set goals such as New Labour setting a target of 50% of school leavers would attend university. To do deliver such goals governments provide the resources, laws and other institutional mechanisms so such goals can be met.Integration – all societies need a legal system in order to mediate any conflict and therefore protect the social system from breaking down.Pattern maintenance – this prerequisite is provided by institutions like education and the family. These institutions exist to reaffirm the essential values needed for society to function. For Parsons the key institution in passing on such basic values is religion.

The Fund for Rural America was a fund established by the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104-127, Sec. 793) to augment existing resources for agricultural research and rural development through an annual transfer of funds from the U.S. Treasury to USDA. The Fund was notable for being the first time that mandatory money (in the form of a mandatory annual transfer to USDA from the U.S. Treasury) was provided for research programs, which traditionally receive discretionary funds as provided annually by Congressional appropriators. One-third of the fund was designated for competitive agricultural research grants, one-third for rural development projects, and one-third for either research or rural development, at the Secretary’s discretion.The 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104-127) authorized the U.S. Treasury to transfer $100 million annually to the Fund for 3 years, but a recision reduced that to $80 million. The Agricultural Research, Extension, and Education Reform Act of 1998 (P.L.105-185) extended the authority for the program through FY2003 with an annual transfer to USDA of $60 million. However, the omnibus appropriations law for FY1999 (P.L. 105-277, October 21, 1998) prohibited the expenditure of the $60 million for Fund grants and projects.The fund was repealed in 2002 by the 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-172, Sec. 6043).

Fund for the Public Interest

Functionality (chemistry)

Fund for National Defense

Functional unfixedness

Fund platforms fall into two distinct groups: fund wraps and fund supermarkets. Both are services that enable investors to buy investments simply online – usually at a discounted rate. In many cases the investments purchased can then be held on the Platform in a range of tax efficient wrappers. The investments that can be purchased via each Platform varies depending on the service provider too. Investment platforms like these are available in the UK.

Functionalism (Cognitive Science)

Functorial point

Fund for Wild Nature

Active

Functional verification

Functional resume

Functionalized Polyolefins

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the functors between two given categories form a category, where the objects are the functors and the morphisms are natural transformations between the functors.

Functional pain

Functioning on Impatience

Functionalism and mind

Functional specifiation

Fund.com Inc. is a US-based financial services information publishing company that focused on the fund management industry. Its aims were to provide a destination website for investments, including mutual funds, hedge funds, money market funds, exchange-traded funds (ETFs), closed-end funds, index funds, commodity funds and other types of pooled investment vehicles.The company saw a significant decline in its share price after a soured business deal in late 2009 after which it has only traded in the “pink sheets”. Some of its senior executives were connected to Westmoore Capital from which Fund.com raised $1.5 million in 2008. Westmoore Capital was closed down by the SEC for running a $53 million Ponzi scheme.

Functionally complete

Fund for the Defense of Net Neutrality

A functional software architecture (FSA) is an architectural model that identifies enterprise functions, interactions and corresponding IT needs. These functions can be used as reference by different domain experts to develop IT-systems as part of a co-operative information-driven enterprise. In this way both software engineers and enterprise architects are able to create an information-driven, integrated organizational environment.

Functional safety is the part of the overall safety of a system or piece of equipment that depends on the system or equipment operating correctly in response to its inputs, including the safe management of likely operator errors, hardware failures and environmental changes.

[{{Allmusic|class=album|id=r587633|pure_url=yes}} link]

Alexandria, Virginia, United States

Functionally extinct

Fund for UFO Research

Functional model

Functioning Ovotestis

Fund raising

On Being a Bastard

The Fund for Defense of Net Neutrality (French: Fonds de Défense de la Net Neutralité or FDN²) is a French-based non-profit organization that collects funds and donations for movements that promote free speech on the internet. The organization was founded in 2008, in response to the need to fund La Quadrature du Net.

Fund.com, Inc.

Functionality in Canadian trademark law

Functional theories of grammar

Fund flow statement

Functions of state

Functional training is a classification of exercise which involves training the body for the activities performed in daily life.

Functional phrase

Funcup

A New Language

Functional notation is the notation for expressing functions as f ( x ) {\displaystyle f(x)} which was first used by Leonhard Euler in 1734. In this notation, an inverse function is expressed as f − 1 ( x ) {\displaystyle f^{-1}(x)} .

In linguistics, Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) is a theory describing the information structure of the sentence and language communication in general.

A functioning tumor is a tumor that is found in endocrine tissue and makes hormones (chemicals that travel in the bloodstream and control the actions of other cells or organs).

Functionalization of Polymeric Surfaces

Functionalist theories of grammar

Functional plant biology

Functional Molecular Infection Epidemiology (FMIE) is an emerging area of medicine that entails the study of pathogen genes and genomes in the context of their functional association with the host niches (adhesion, invasion, adaptation) and the complex interactions they trigger within the host immune system (cell signaling, apoptosis) to culminate in varied outcomes of the infection.

The Fund for Assistance to Private Education (FAPE) is a non-profit organization based in Makati City, Philippines, with the mandate of providing assistance to private education institutions in the Philippines.

Located in Louisville, Kentucky, the Fund for the Arts is the oldest united arts fund in the country and has raised over $172 million since its establishment. Mayor Charles R. Farnsley, served as Mayor of the City of Louisville from 1948 to 1953, and first conceived of the Fund for the Arts in 1949. He based its structure on that of the Community Chest, now known as United Way. The 2011 campaign raised more than $7.3 million, a long way from its first campaign in 1949, of $99,000. The Fund currently provides financing, facilities and administrative support for twenty-nine Louisville area arts groups and programs. In addition, it awards over 200 community access grants annually to community groups and schools in Kentucky and Southern Indiana. Other Fund sponsored activities include the annual Whittenberg Young Artist Scholarship. Conceived of and directed by the Fund for the Arts, ArtSpace, the W.L. Lyons Brown Theatre and the Fifth Third Conference Center are owned by the Fund for the Arts Properties Foundation, Inc., a Fund for the Arts partner corporation.For 35 years, the Fund for the Arts was headed by President and CEO, Allan Cowen, who retired in 2012. Barbara Sexton Smith, was named President and CEO in April 2012 and announced her retirement as of June, 2014.

The Fund for the Public Interest (formerly known as the Fund for Public Interest Research and generally referred to as the FFPIR or "the Fund") is a 501(c)(4) non-profit organization that runs the public fundraising and canvassing operations for politically liberal nonprofit organizations in the United States. The Fund is the largest fundraiser for progressive causes in the United States.

Funda, Angola

Scott Purcell

Functional unit

In materials science Functionally Graded Material (FGM) may be characterized by the variation in composition and structure gradually over volume, resulting in corresponding changes in the properties of the material. The materials can be designed for specific function and applications. Various approaches based on the bulk (particulate processing), preform processing, layer processing and melt processing are used to fabricate the functionally graded materials.

A Disgust for Details

Fund for public interest research

Functionalism v. intentionalism is a historiographical debate about the origins of the Holocaust as well as most aspects of the Third Reich, such as foreign policy.

Functional periodicity is a term that emerged around the late 19th century around the belief, later to be found invalid, that women suffered from physical and mental impairment during their menstrual cycle. Men held a higher status and were regarded as superior to women at this period in time. Many prominent male psychologists promoted the idea of functional periodicity. Women were not seen as being fit for certain types of work, responsibilities, and roles because of this idea. The idea of functional periodicity stems from ancient taboos and rituals that were passed on from generation to generation. It then developed into an actual theory in the twentieth century.Functional periodicity was investigated by a female psychologist named Leta Hollingworth. She made key contributions in the research of functional periodicity, as well as in the feminist movement at the time. Hollingworth, along with her husband Harry Hollingworth, established exceptional research on the idea of functional periodicity and created research studies investigating the science of motor/learning tasks involving the human body. Her research impacted how society viewed women, despite the patriarchal opinions held by many.

Functional zoning occurs when buildings of the same function cluster together in an area of a city or town. Sometimes zoning laws require that uses be concentrated in a particular area. However, this clustering can occur even in the absence of legal requirements. This makes it easier for customers to compare prices with those of the competition and for suppliers to work conveniently with multiple companies. Examples of functional zoning would include garment districts that were found in some large American cities, or the clustering of jewelry stores, fast food restaurants, or automobile dealers in a particular section of town.

A functional response in ecology is the intake rate of a consumer as a function of food density (the amount of food available in a given ecotope). It is associated with the numerical response, which is the reproduction rate of a consumer as a function of food density. Following C. S. Holling, functional responses are generally classified into three types, which are called Holling's type I, II, and III.

Functionality creep

Functional square root

Fund for Constitutional Government

Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments (FRAME) is a charity based in Nottingham, UK. FRAME promotes consideration of the ethical and scientific issues involved in the use of laboratory animals for medical research, and the adoption of the Three Rs strategy of alternatives to animal testing.

Functional reserve capacity

Functions and mappings

Functionalism architecture

Executive Director

Functions band

Functional quantum programming language

Functions of Language is a peer-reviewed academic journal that covers the field of linguistics treated from a functional perspective. It has been published by John Benjamins since 1994. The current editors in chief are Martin Hilpert (University of Neuchâtel), J. Lachlan Mackenzie (Free University Amsterdam), and Geoff Thompson (University of Liverpool).

Functions of the Executive

Functionality

The Fund Processing Passport (FPP), developed by EFAMA, is a fully harmonized document with all the key "operational" information that fund promoters should provide on their investment funds in order to facilitate their trading.

Functioning On Impatience

Functus officio

Functionalism vs. intentionalism

Category Theory

Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Research

Ed Rose

A functional morpheme (as opposed to a content morpheme) is a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of the word, rather than supplying the root meaning of the word.

Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments

Functional zoning occurs when buildings of the same function cluster together in an area of a city or town. Sometimes zoning laws require that uses be concentrated in a particular area. However, this clustering can occur even in the absence of legal requirements. This makes it easier for customers to compare prices with those of the competition and for suppliers to work conveniently with multiple companies.

Functionally graded element

Funda is a commune/town in the Municipality of Cacuaco of Luanda Province, Angola.It is to the east of the capital city of Luanda.

Functions of Language

Functions of several real variables

yes

Functionalism in sociology

In telecommunication, a functional profile is a standardization document that characterizes the requirements of a standard or group of standards, and specifies how the options and ambiguities in the standard(s) should be interpreted or implemented to (a) provide a particular information technology function, (b) provide for the development of uniform, recognized tests, and (c) promote interoperability among different network elements and terminal equipment that implement a specific profile.

Martin Hilpert, J. Lachlan Mackenzie, Geoff Thompson

FundAmerica

Fund Wrap

Functionalism (architecture)

Functional principal component analysis

Netherlands

Recurring Ache of Monotony Still Running

Functional testing

Functional management is the most common type of organizational management. The organization is grouped by areas of speciality within different functional areas (e.g., finance, marketing, and engineering). Some refer to a functional area as a "silo". Besides the heads of a firm's product and/or geographic units the company's top management team typically consists of several functional heads such as the chief financial officer, the chief operating officer, and the chief strategy officer.

Report for Congress: Agriculture: A Glossary of Terms, Programs, and Laws, 2005 Edition

Functome

Functional mitral regurgitation

The Fund For Wild Nature is an environmental organization that gives financial support to grassroot projects and organizations that work for the protection of biodiversity and wilderness. The Fund works exclusively for projects in countries of North America. It has no endowment and is supported entirely by donations from individuals. Their support has helped foster the beginning of such groups as the Rainforest Action Network, Center for Biological Diversity and Ruckus Society. They were founded in 1982 by members of the Earth First! organization, and their headquarters is in Portland, Oregon.

Fund for UFO Research (FUFOR)

FundAnything

Fund.com Inc.

FundRazr is a Canadian crowdfunding site and Facebook app first released in 2009. It allows users to set up crowdfunding pages and/or embed fundraising apps on their Facebook pages to raise money for a variety of causes such as medical care, memorials, and animal rescue causes.

FundRef

Function–means tree

Functor (C++)

Fund for Assistance to Private Education

Fund Comics

Functionalism (philosophy)

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration. At FRC, the opposing elastic recoil forces of the lungs and chest wall are in equilibrium and there is no exertion by the diaphragm or other respiratory muscles.FRC is the sum of Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Residual Volume (RV) and measures approximately 2400 mL in an 80 kg, average-sized male. It cannot be estimated through spirometry, since it includes the residual volume.

Functional specification

Fund for the Arts

A functional specification (also, functional spec, specs, functional specifications document (FSD), functional requirements specification) in systems engineering and software development is a document that specifies the functions that a system or component must perform (often part of a requirements specification) (ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765-2010).The documentation typically describes what is needed by the system user as well as requested properties of inputs and outputs (e.g. of the software system).

Functorial

Functional training

A functional spinal unit (FSU) (or motion segment) is the smallest physiological motion unit of the spine to exhibit biomechanical characteristics similar to those of the entire spine.A FSU consists of two adjacent vertebrae, the intervertebral disc and all adjoining ligaments between them and excludes other connecting tissues such as muscles. The three-joint complex that results is sometimes referred to as the "articular triad."In vitro studies of isolated or multiple FSU's are often used to measure biomechanical properties of the spine. The typical load-displacement behavior of a cadaveric FSU specimen is nonlinear. Within the total range of passive motion of any FSU, the typical load-displacement curve consists of 2 regions or 'zones' that exhibit very different biomechanical behavior. In the vicinity of the resting neutral position of the FSU, this load-displacement behavior is highly flexible. This is the region known as the 'neutral zone', which is the motion region of the joint where the passive osteoligamentous stability mechanisms exert little or no influence. During passive physiological movement of the FSU, motion occurs in this region against minimal internal resistance. It is a region in which a small load causes a relatively large displacement.The 'elastic zone' is the remaining region of FSU motion that continues from the end of the neutral zone to the point of maximum resistance (provided by the passive osteoligamentous stability mechanism), thus limiting the range of motion.

A "fund of funds" (FOF) is an investment strategy of holding a portfolio of other investment funds rather than investing directly in stocks, bonds or other securities. This type of investing is often referred to as multi-manager investment. A fund of funds may be "fettered", meaning that it invests only in funds managed by the same investment company, or "unfettered", meaning that it can invest in external funds run by other managers.There are different types of FOF, each investing in a different type of collective investment scheme (typically one type per FOF), for example a mutual fund FOF, a hedge fund FOF, a private equity FOF, or an investment trust FOF. The original Fund of Funds was created by Bernie Cornfeld in 1962. It went bankrupt after being looted by Robert Vesco.

Fund-raising

Fund of funds

Functionality Equivalence Verification

Functional polymers are polymers with advanced optic and/or electronic properties. Advantages of functional polymers are low cost, ease of processing and a range of attractive mechanical characteristics for functional organic molecules. One can adjust properties while keeping material usage low. This opens interesting environmental perspectives. Polymer bound substances can spread their activity without endangering people or the environment. The new REACH (Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals) legislation will require chemical industry to come up with safe chemicals. Functional polymers can help achieve this goal.Examples of functional polymers are;Semiconducting Conjugated PolymersStimuli-Responsive Polymers (these allow for responsive drug delivery systems and smart surfaces for cell culture and regenerative medicine.)Biomimetic MaterialsSupramolecular Metallopolymers

Functional neurology

Functional neurological deficit

Functional selectivity (or “agonist trafficking”, “biased agonism”, “biased signalling”,"ligand bias", and “differential engagement” ) is the ligand-dependent selectivity for certain signal transduction pathways in one and the same receptor. This can be present when a receptor has several possible signal transduction pathways. To which degree each pathway is activated thus depends on which ligand binds to the receptor.

Functionally Graded material (FGM)

Fund Supermarket

A functional morpheme (as opposed to a content morpheme) is a morpheme which simply modifies the meaning of the word, rather than supplying the root meaning of the word. That is to say that it functions, but does not mean in and of itself, but rather encodes grammatical meaning.Functional morphemes are generally closed class, that is, new functional morphemes cannot normally be coined.Functional morphemes can be bound, such as verbal inflectional morphology (e.g., progressive -ing, past tense -ed), or nominal inflectional morphology (e.g., plural -s), or free, such as conjunctions (e.g., and, or), prepositions (e.g., of, by, for, on), articles (e.g., a, the), and pronouns (e.g., she, him, it, you, mine).

Fund for Reconciliation and Development

Functionality Doctrine

Functionally selective

In materials science and mathematics, functionally graded elements are elements used in finite element analysis. They can be used to describe a functionally graded material.

Functionalist (architecture)

Functional paradigm

Functor (category theory)

Functional profile

Functional psychology or functionalism refers to a psychological philosophy that considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the person's environment. As such, it provides the general basis for developing psychological theories not readily testable by controlled experiments and for applied psychology.Functionalism arose in the U.S. in the late 19th century as an alternative to structuralism. While functionalism never became a formal school, it built on structuralism's concern for the anatomy of the mind and led to greater concern over the functions of the mind, and later to behaviourism.

Functional murmur

In linguistics, Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) is a theory describing the information structure of the sentence and language communication in general. It has been developed in the tradition of the Prague School of Functional and Structural Linguistics together with its sister theory, Topic-Focus Articulation.The key concepts of FSP were laid down by Jan Firbas in the mid-1950s on the basis of the linguistic work of Vilém Mathesius, especially his idea of functional syntax in linguistic characterology of language.

The Fund for the Public Interest (formerly known as the Fund for Public Interest Research and generally referred to as the FFPIR or "the Fund") is a 501(c)(4) non-profit organization that runs the public fundraising and canvassing operations for politically liberal nonprofit organizations in the United States. The Fund is the largest fundraiser for progressive causes in the United States. FFPIR was set up in 1982 as the fundraising arm of the Public Interest Research Group (PIRGs), which was founded by Ralph Nader. The Fund has been involved in several lawsuits regarding unfair labor practices, including failing to pay workers minimum wage.

In theoretical physics, functional renormalization group (FRG) is an implementation of the renormalization group (RG) concept which is used in quantum and statistical field theory, especially when dealing with strongly interacting systems. The method combines functional methods of quantum field theory with the intuitive renormalization group idea of Kenneth G. Wilson. This technique allows to interpolate smoothly between the known microscopic laws and the complicated macroscopic phenomena in physical systems. In this sense, it bridges the transition from simplicity of microphysics to complexity of macrophysics. Figuratively speaking, FRG acts as a microscope with a variable resolution. One starts with a high-resolution picture of the known microphysical laws and subsequently decreases the resolution to obtain a coarse-grained picture of macroscopic collective phenomena. The method is nonperturbative, meaning that it does not rely on an expansion in a small coupling constant. Mathematically, FRG is based on an exact functional differential equation for a scale-dependent effective action.

You Can't Kill Us All
My Love for Extremes

Fund and release

Functional site

Functional relationship

Functor

Functionally Hausdorff

Functionally illiterate

Functional psychology

A functional murmur (innocent murmur, physiologic murmur) is a heart murmur that is primarily due to physiologic conditions outside the heart, as opposed to structural defects in the heart itself.Serious conditions can arise even in the absence of a primary heart defect, and it is possible for peripheral conditions to generate abnormalities in the heart. Therefore, caution should be applied to use of the terms "innocent" or "benign" in this context.Use of the term dates to the mid 19th century.

Functional mockup interface

Functoriality

Animal welfare

Functional neurological mapping

Fund derivative

Funda

Functional uterine bleeding

Functionary

Functional polymers are polymers with advanced optic and/or electronic properties. Advantages of functional polymers are low cost, ease of processing and a range of attractive mechanical characteristics for functional organic molecules. One can adjust properties while keeping material usage low. This opens interesting environmental perspectives. Polymer bound substances can spread their activity without endangering people or the environment.

Functional purity

Functionality assurance

Functional neurological symptom disorder

Fund platform

Functioning pancreatic endocrine tumor

Functional weakness

Functional value

Functional ovarian cyst

In telephony, a functional protocol is a type of protocol that is used to carry signaling messages between end points. Such a protocol is used to control the operation of devices at each end of the link. The adjective functional is used to describe protocols that are aware of the system state of the endpoints.

Funda, Cacuaco

English

Functionally extirpated

Functional testing is a quality assurance (QA) process and a type of black-box testing that bases its test cases on the specifications of the software component under test. Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining the output, and internal program structure is rarely considered (unlike white-box testing). Functional testing usually describes what the system does.Functional testing does not imply that you are testing a function (method) of your module or class. Functional testing tests a slice of functionality of the whole system.Functional testing differs from system testing in that functional testing "verifies a program by checking it against ... design document(s) or specification(s)", while system testing "validate[s] a program by checking it against the published user or system requirements" (Kaner, Falk, Nguyen 1999, p. 52).Functional testing has many types:Smoke testingSanity testingRegression testingUsability testing

A functoid is a tool for applying methods to data via a GUI drag 'n drop interface from within the BizTalk Mapping tool.In a typical BizTalk map, the data is copied from a source to a destination by dragging a line between the two.

In the development of vertebrate animals, the functional matrix hypothesis is a phenomenological description of bone growth. It proposes that "the origin, development and maintenance of all skeletal units are secondary, compensatory and mechanically obligatory responses to temporally and operationally prior demands of related functional matrices."The fundamental basis for this hypothesis, laid out by Columbia anatomy professor Melvin Moss is that bones do not grow but are grown, thus stressing the ontogenetic primacy of function over form. This is in contrast to the current conventional scientific wisdom that genomic (i.e. genetic), rather than epigenetic (non-genetic) factors, control such growth.The theory was introduced as a chapter in a dental textbook in 1962.

Functions of money

Functionally equivalent

Give Them Rope

Functional spinal unit

Measured in Gray

Functional periodicity is a term that emerged around the late 19th century around the belief, later to be found invalid, that women suffered from physical and mental impairment during their menstrual cycle. Men held a higher status and were regarded as superior to women at this period in time. Many prominent male psychologists promoted the idea of functional periodicity. Women were not seen as being fit for certain types of work, responsibilities, and roles because of this idea.

Fund manager

Functional regurgitation

Functional software architecture

A functional specification (also, functional spec, specs, functional specifications document (FSD), functional requirements specification) in systems engineering and software development is a document that specifies the functions that a system or component must perform (often part of a requirements specification) (ISO/IEC/IEEE 24765-2010).The documentation typically describes what is needed by the system user as well as requested properties of inputs and outputs (e.g. of the software system). A functional specification is the more technical response to a matching requirements document, e.g. the Product Requirement Document "PRD". Thus it picks up the results of the requirements analysis stage. On more complex systems multiple levels of functional specifications will typically nest to each other, e.g. on the system level, on the module level and on the level of technical details.

Fund raiser

Functional organization

Functional requirement

Functionality doctrine

The Fund For Wild Nature is an environmental organization that gives financial support to grassroot projects and organizations that work for the protection of biodiversity and wilderness. The Fund works exclusively for projects in countries of North America. It has no endowment and is supported entirely by donations from individuals. Their support has helped foster the beginning of such groups as the Rainforest Action Network, Center for Biological Diversity and Ruckus Society.

In electronic design automation, functional verification is the task of verifying that the logic design conforms to specification. In everyday terms, functional verification attempts to answer the question "Does this proposed design do what is intended?" This is a complex task, and takes the majority of time and effort in most large electronic system design projects.

Functionalism (international relations)

Functional matrix hypothesis

Fund for Reconciliation and Development Is a non-profit organization supporting efforts for reconciliation between the United States and Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Cuba, as well as the development of these countries. It was established in 1985 as a US-Indochina Reconciliation Project (USIRP), which ensued from the American Friends Service Committee, a Quaker program.The organization aims at reaching fully normal diplomatic, cultural, educational, and economic relations between the United States and the above-mentioned countries.

In linguistics, functional shift occurs when an existing word takes on a new syntactic function. For example, the word like, formerly only used as a preposition in comparisons (as in "eats like a pig"), is now also used in the same way as the subordinating conjunction as in many dialects of English (as in "sounds like he means it"). The boundary between functional shift and conversion (the derivation of a new word from an existing word of identical form) is not well-defined, but it could be construed that conversion changes the lexical meaning and functional shift changes the syntactic meaning.Shakespeare uses functional shift, for example using a noun to serve as a verb. Researchers found that this technique allows the brain to understand what a word means before it understands the function of the word within a sentence.

Functional movement

Functional theories of grammar are those approaches to the study of language that see the functions of language and its elements to be the key to understanding linguistic processes and structures. Functional theories of language propose that since language is fundamentally a tool, it is reasonable to assume that its structures are best analyzed and understood with reference to the functions they carry out.

In mathematics, a functor is a type of mapping between categories arising in category theory. Functors can be thought of as homomorphisms between categories. In the category of small categories, functors can be thought of more generally as morphisms.Functors were first considered in algebraic topology, where algebraic objects (like the fundamental group) are associated to topological spaces, and algebraic homomorphisms are associated to continuous maps.

In architecture, functionalism is the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building. This statement is less self-evident than it first appears, and is a matter of confusion and controversy within the profession, particularly in regard to modern architecture.

The Fund for Rural America was a fund established by the 1996 farm bill (P.L. 104-127, Sec. 793) to augment existing resources for agricultural research and rural development through an annual transfer of funds from the U.S. Treasury to USDA. The Fund was notable for being the first time that mandatory money (in the form of a mandatory annual transfer to USDA from the U.S.

Functional Molecular Infection Epidemiology (FMIE) is an emerging area of medicine that entails the study of pathogen genes and genomes in the context of their functional association with the host niches (adhesion, invasion, adaptation) and the complex interactions they trigger within the host immune system (cell signaling, apoptosis) to culminate in varied outcomes of the infection. This can also be defined as the correlation of genetic variations in a pathogen or its respective host with a unique function that is important for disease severity, disease progression, or host susceptibility to a particular pathogen. Functional epidemiology implies not only descriptive host-pathogen genomic associations, but rather the interplay between pathogen and host genomic variations to functionally demonstrate the role of the genetic variations during infection.Functional Molecular Infection Epidemiology differs from classical Molecular Infection Epidemiology mainly in that the latter deals with the tagging and tracking of the infectious agent without much concern for the functional/phenotypic characteristics of the agent being tracked. Functional molecular epidemiology, on the other hand, lays more emphasis on genotypic and phenotypic correlates of host-pathogen interaction, adaptation or homeostasis. Furthermore, classical molecular epidemiology largely uses “neutral” markers, such as insertion sequences and intergenic elements, while functional molecular epidemiology harnesses functionally relevant markers such as SNPs and genome co-ordinates with putative roles in infection biology – both on the pathogen and the host side. Many studies have been conducted which fit the theme of FMIE - for example, acquisition and transmission of the Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and its role in the development of Type-1 diabetes mellitus when human gene SLC11A1 undergoes particular mutations in a susceptible host.The concept of FMIE has become potentially relevant in the aftermath of multiple genome sequencing and resequencing of important bacterial pathogens from many different host/patient populations.A consortium of scientists in India and Germany is (Project BRIDGE) already formed under the aegis of the Freie University in Berlin and the University of Hyderabad to explore and investigate the application of FMIE in public health and Veterinary arena.

Fund (disambiguation)

Functional zoning

Functional spec

Functions of calcium in humans

Fund for Public Interest Research

In linguistics, functional shift occurs when an existing word takes on a new syntactic function. For example, the word like, formerly only used as a preposition in comparisons (as in "eats like a pig"), is now also used in the same way as the subordinating conjunction as in many dialects of English (as in "sounds like he means it").

Funct. Lang.

Functions of catering

Functional materials

Functional skills

Functoid

Functional requirements for authority records

Located in Louisville, Kentucky, the Fund for the Arts is the oldest united arts fund in the country and has raised over $172 million since its establishment. Mayor Charles R. Farnsley, served as Mayor of the City of Louisville from 1948 to 1953, and first conceived of the Fund for the Arts in 1949. He based its structure on that of the Community Chest, now known as United Way. The 2011 campaign raised more than $7.3 million, a long way from its first campaign in 1949, of $99,000.

In category theory, a branch of mathematics, the functors between two given categories form a category, where the objects are the functors and the morphisms are natural transformations between the functors. Functor categories are of interest for two main reasons:many commonly occurring categories are (disguised) functor categories, so any statement proved for general functor categories is widely applicable;every category embeds in a functor category (via the Yoneda embedding); the functor category often has nicer properties than the original category, allowing certain operations that were not available in the original setting.

Functional obstruction

Functomics

United States

Functor category

Functionalism (linguistics)

Functional simulation

In United States trademark law, the functionality doctrine prevents manufacturers from protecting specific features of a product by means of trademark law. There are two branches of the functionality doctrine: utilitarian functionality and aesthetic functionality. The rationale behind functionality doctrine is that product markets would not be truly competitive if newcomers could not make a product with a feature that consumers demand. Utilitarian functionality provides grounds to deny federal trademark protection to product features which do something useful. Patent law, not trademark, protects useful processes, machines, and material inventions. Patented designs are presumed to be functional until proven otherwise. Aesthetic functionality provides grounds to deny trademark protection to design features which are included to make the product more aesthetically appealing and commercially desirable. Aesthetic features are within the purview of copyright law, which provides protection to creative and original works of authorship.

Functionalism versus Intentionalism

Functional neurological symptom disorder (FNsD) is a condition in which patients experience neurological symptoms such as weakness, movement disorders, sensory symptoms and blackouts. The brain of a patient with functional neurological symptom disorder is structurally normal, but functions incorrectly. In broad terms, there is a problem with the patient's central nervous system, which is not sending and receiving signals correctly. Other terms for functional neurological symptom disorder represent changing ideas and attitudes to these disorders and include functional neurological disorder (FND), conversion disorder, and psychogenic movement disorder/non-epileptic seizures. The cause of functional neurological disorders is considered to be multifactorial, which means many different factors can contribute to the development of the disorder. With greater understanding of the brain most diseases including functional neurological disorders should be thought of as having biological, psychological and social components (the biopsychosocial disease model). Functional neurological disorders are common in neurological services, accounting for up to one third of outpatient neurology clinic attendances, and associated with as much physical disability and distress as other neurological disorders. The diagnosis is made based on positive signs and symptoms in the history and examination during consultation of a neurologist (see below). Assessment demonstrates that normal function of the nervous system is possible. The best evidence for treatment for functional neurological disorders from recent studies suggest that physiotherapy and/or psychological therapy can both be helpful depending on the individual patient. Physiotherapy is particularly helpful for patients with motor symptoms (weakness, gait disorders, movement disorders) and tailored cognitive behavioural therapy has the best evidence in patients with dissociative (non-epileptic) attacks.

Functional morpheme

The Fund for Peace is a Washington, D.C.-based non-profit, non-governmental research and educational institution. Founded in 1957, FFP "works to prevent violent conflict and promote sustainable security."The Fund for Peace works towards sustainable security and development in failed states by focusing on conflict assessment and early warning, transnational threats, peacekeeping, and security and human rights. The Fund for Peace maintains programs in Nigeria, Uganda, Liberia, and works with private business in conflict zones to better secure the interests of businesses, local populations, and their governments.FFP publishes the annual Fragile States Index, used by researchers, educators, and governments across the world.

Functions of management

In United States trademark law, the functionality doctrine prevents manufacturers from protecting specific features of a product by means of trademark law. There are two branches of the functionality doctrine: utilitarian functionality and aesthetic functionality. The rationale behind functionality doctrine is that product markets would not be truly competitive if newcomers could not make a product with a feature that consumers demand.

FCT refers to functional testing. Typically, the functional test is performed during the last phase of the production line. This is often referred to as a final quality control test, which is done to ensure that specifications are carried out by FCTs.The process of FCTs is entailed by the emulation or simulation of the environment in which a product is expected to operate. This is done so to check, and correct any issues with functionality.

Functionalism versus intentionalism

Functions of the Armed Forces and the Joint Chiefs of Staff

The Fund for UFO Research (FUFOR) was a UFO research group based in Alexandria, Virginia. Founded in 1979, FUFOR stated its goal was to further the scholarly research of UFOs and the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), and to secure the release of alleged classified U.S. government documents pertaining to these.

Functionalist architecture

Functionalism in architecture

Fund for Rural America

Promoting Sustainable Security

Functional ovarian hyperandrogenism

File:FundAmerica Logo.png

Functional renormalization group

Functionalization of Antimicrobial Surfaces

Functional specifications

Functional selectivity

A "fund of funds" (FOF) is an investment strategy of holding a portfolio of other investment funds rather than investing directly in stocks, bonds or other securities. This type of investing is often referred to as multi-manager investment.

Functor (type theory)

Functionalist perspective

Functionalists

Fund for peace

Functioning tumor

In mathematics, a functor is a type of mapping between categories arising in category theory. Functors can be thought of as homomorphisms between categories. In the category of small categories, functors can be thought of more generally as morphisms.Functors were first considered in algebraic topology, where algebraic objects (like the fundamental group) are associated to topological spaces, and algebraic homomorphisms are associated to continuous maps. Nowadays, functors are used throughout modern mathematics to relate various categories. Thus, functors are generally applicable in areas within mathematics that category theory can make an abstraction of.The word functor was borrowed by mathematicians from the philosopher Rudolf Carnap, who used the term in a linguistic context; see function word.

Functional near infrared spectroscopy

Fund Our Future: Stop Education Cuts

Functional reactive programming

Functional sentence perspective

The Fund for Peace

Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions. It is primarily used as a research tool in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and social neuroscience.

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) is the volume of air present in the lungs at the end of passive expiration. At FRC, the opposing elastic recoil forces of the lungs and chest wall are in equilibrium and there is no exertion by the diaphragm or other respiratory muscles.FRC is the sum of Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) and Residual Volume (RV) and measures approximately 2400 mL in an 80 kg, average-sized male. It cannot be estimated through spirometry, since it includes the residual volume. In order to measure RV precisely, one would need to perform a test such as nitrogen washout, helium dilution or body plethysmography.A lowered or elevated FRC is often an indication of some form of respiratory disease. For instance, in emphysema, FRC is increased, because the lungs are more compliant and the equilibrium between the inward recoil of the lungs and outward recoil of the chest wall is disturbed. As such, patients with emphysema often have noticeably broader chests due to the relatively unopposed outward recoil of the chest wall. Total lung capacity also increases, largely as a result of increased functional residual capacity. In healthy humans, FRC changes with body posture. Obese patients will have a lower FRC in the supine position due to the added tissue weight opposing the outward recoil of the chest wall.The helium dilution technique and pulmonary plethysmograph are two common ways of measuring the functional residual capacity of the lungs.The predicted value of FRC was measured for large populations and published in several references. FRC was found to vary by a patient's age, height, and sex. An online calculator exists that will calculate FRC for a patient using these references.

Jasper Womach

Functional requirements for bibliographic records

Functionalism is a theory of international relations that arose during the inter-War period principally from the strong concern about the obsolescence of the State as a form of social organization.

Functional process logic

Functional response

Fund for Animals

Functional nude

Fund for Reconciliation and Development Is a non-profit organization supporting efforts for reconciliation between the United States and Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Cuba, as well as the development of these countries.

Functional safety

Fund Processing Passport

Fund America

Fund crisis

Functional principal component analysis (FPCA) is a statistical method for investigating the dominant modes of variation of functional data. Using this method, a random function is represented in the eigenbasis, which is an orthonormal basis of the Hilbert space L2 that consists of the eigenfunctions of the autocovariance operator. FPCA represents functional data in the most parsimonious way, in the sense that when using a fixed number of basis functions, the eigenfunction basis explains more variation than any other basis expansion. FPCA can be applied for representing random functions, or functional regression and classification.

Functionaries

Functional neurological disorder

Functionalism (art and architecture)

Fund of Funds

In mathematics, a functional square root (sometimes called a half iterate) is a square root of a function with respect to the operation of function composition. In other words, a functional square root of a function g is a function f satisfying f(f(x)) = g(x) for all x.

Functionalism (anthropology and sociology)

Functional obsolescence

Functional notation

Functions (mathematics)

Fund

Functional movements are movements based on real-world situational biomechanics. They usually involve multi-planar, multi-joint movements which place demand on the body's core musculature and innervation.

Functional simulator

Functions of a complex variable

Functional specialization suggests that different areas in the brain are specialized for different functions.

Charity

Red House Studios, Lawrence, Kansas

Fund Accounting

Functional sourcing is the contracted agreement to conduct specific individual job roles by an organization for another organization. The notion of functional sourcing has existed in several industries for years but was first introduced into the clinical research industry by clinical research organizations (CROs).

Functional weakness is weakness of an arm or leg due to the nervous system not working properly. It is not caused by damage or disease of the nervous system. Patients with functional weakness experience symptoms of limb weakness which can be disabling and frightening such as problems walking or a ‘heaviness’ down one side, dropping things or a feeling that a limb just doesn’t feel normal or ‘part of them’.

The Fund for Peace is a Washington, D.C.-based non-profit, non-governmental research and educational institution. Founded in 1957, FFP "works to prevent violent conflict and promote sustainable security."The Fund for Peace works towards sustainable security and development in failed states by focusing on conflict assessment and early warning, transnational threats, peacekeeping, and security and human rights.

A functional symptom is a medical symptom in an individual which is very broadly conceived as arising from a problem in nervous system 'functioning' and not due to a structural or pathologically defined disease cause. Functional symptoms are increasingly viewed within a framework in which psychological, physiological and biological factors should be considered to be relevant.Historically, there has often been fierce debate about whether certain problems are predominantly related to an abnormality of structure (disease) or function (abnormal nervous system functioning), and what are at one stage posited to be functional symptoms are sometimes later reclassified as organic, as investigative techniques improve. Thus, on finding itself unable to discover effective treatments or physiological causes for symptoms, the medical profession, in explaining to itself these limitations of its own power over nature, is of course subject to a temptation to minimize the explanatory role played by the many gaps in its own current scientific understanding, and instead to grope for theories of psychosomatic aetiology to account for the physical symptoms that it cannot otherwise explain, and cannot cure. (To caricature this reasoning: "I can't cure you: you must be mad".) It is well established that psychosomatic symptoms are a real phenomenon, so this potential explanation is often plausible, not always easily refutable, and can be reassuring (at least for the doctor). Sometimes it is correct. For example, symptoms associated with migraine, epilepsy, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, stomach ulcers, chronic fatigue syndrome, Lyme disease and many other conditions have all tended historically at first to be explained largely as physical manifestations of the sufferer's psychological state of mind; until such time as new physiological knowledge is eventually gained. At this point, a part of the earlier reliance on psychological explanations often evaporates. Taking a long, historical view, doctors being human, there seems little reason to suppose that this historical pattern of eventual correloction of earlier psychological misattribution of symptoms is yet become a thing of the past. Another specific example is functional constipation, which may have psychological or psychiatric causes. However, one type of apparently functional constipation, anismus, may have a neurological (physical) basis.Whilst misdiagnosis of functional symptoms does occur, in neurology, for example, this appears to occur no more frequently than of other neurological or psychiatric syndromes. Although, in order to be quantified, misdiagnosis has to be recognized as such, which can be problematic in such a challenging field as medicine.A common trend is to see functional symptoms and syndromes such as fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome and functional neurological symptoms such as functional weakness as symptoms in which both biological and psychological factors are relevant, without one necessarily being dominant.

Functionality in Canadian Trade-mark Law

Functional matrix theory

In formal logic and related branches of mathematics, a functional predicate, or function symbol, is a logical symbol that may be applied to an object term to produce another object term. Functional predicates are also sometimes called mappings, but that term has other meanings as well. In a model, a function symbol will be modelled by a function.Specifically, the symbol F in a formal language is a functional symbol if, given any symbol X representing an object in the language, F(X) is again a symbol representing an object in that language. In typed logic, F is a functional symbol with domain type T and codomain type U if, given any symbol X representing an object of type T, F(X) is a symbol representing an object of type U. One can similarly define function symbols of more than one variable, analogous to functions of more than one variable; a function symbol in zero variables is simply a constant symbol.Now consider a model of the formal language, with the types T and U modelled by sets [T] and [U] and each symbol X of type T modelled by an element [X] in [T]. Then F can be modelled by the set [ F ] := { ( [ X ] , [ F ( X ) ] ) : [ X ] ∈ [ T ] } , {\displaystyle [F]:={\big \{}([X],[F(X)]):[X]\in [\mathbf {T} ]{\big \}},} which is simply a function with domain [T] and codomain [U]. It is a requirement of a consistent model that [F(X)] = [F(Y)] whenever [X] = [Y].

Fund for Peace

Fund drive

Functional symptom

Functors

Fund.com

Functions

Functional management

Functional theoretic algebra

Functional polymers

A fund derivative is a financial structured product related to a fund, normally using the underlying fund to determine the payoff. This may be a private equity fund, mutual fund or hedge fund. Purchasers obtain exposure to the underlying fund (or funds) whilst improving their risk profile over a direct investment.

A functional spinal unit (FSU) (or motion segment) is the smallest physiological motion unit of the spine to exhibit biomechanical characteristics similar to those of the entire spine.A FSU consists of two adjacent vertebrae, the intervertebral disc and all adjoining ligaments between them and excludes other connecting tissues such as muscles.

Functional shift

In the development of vertebrate animals, the functional matrix hypothesis is a phenomenological description of bone growth.

Functional specialization

Powerful. Practical. Proven. Online fundraising made easy.

Fund supermarket

Fund Administration

Functional sweetener

Functionalism in international relations

Functional specialization (brain)

Functional space

Fund For Peace

In theoretical physics, functional renormalization group (FRG) is an implementation of the renormalization group (RG) concept which is used in quantum and statistical field theory, especially when dealing with strongly interacting systems. The method combines functional methods of quantum field theory with the intuitive renormalization group idea of Kenneth G. Wilson.

Functional testing (manufacturing)

Fund-raiser

Functional structuralism is a spin-off from systems theory in sociology. Systems theory, following Talcott Parsons, began as a structural-functionalist theory, that is, social structures were stressed and placed at the center of analysis, and social functions were deduced from these structures. In functional-structuralist theory, in contrast, the initial focus is on the function of an aspect of society, and only after functions have been specified are enabling structures designated.

Functions of several complex variables

Functional tonality

Functional reactive programming (FRP) is a programming paradigm for reactive programming (asynchronous dataflow programming) using the building blocks of functional programming (e.g. map, reduce, filter). FRP has been used for programming graphical user interfaces (GUIs), robotics, and music, aiming to simplify these problems by explicitly modeling time.

Functionally graded material

Fund for the Borough of Brooklyn

Fund. Appl. Toxicol.

Functional programming languages

Functionalism is a theory of international relations that arose during the inter-War period principally from the strong concern about the obsolescence of the State as a form of social organization. Rather than the self-interest of nation-states that realists see as a motivating factor, functionalists focus on common interests and needs shared by states (but also by non-state actors) in a process of global integration triggered by the erosion of state sovereignty and the increasing weight of knowledge and hence of scientists and experts in the process of policy-making (Rosamond, 2000). Its roots can be traced back to the liberal/idealist tradition that started with Kant and goes as far as Woodrow Wilson's "Fourteen Points" speech (Rosamond, 2000).Functionalism is a pioneer in globalisation theory and strategy. States had built authority structures upon a principle of territorialism. State-theories were built upon assumptions that identified the scope of authority with territory (Held 1996, Scholte: 1993, 2000, 2001), aided by methodological territorialism (Scholte 1993). Functionalism proposed to build a form of authority based in functions and needs, which linked authority with needs, scientific knowledge, expertise and technology, i.e. it provided a supraterritorial concept of authority. The functionalist approach excludes and refutes the idea of state power and political influence (realist approach) in interpreting the cause for such proliferation of international organizations during the inter-war (which was characterized by nation-state conflict) and the subsequent years.[1]According to functionalism, international integration – the collective governance and 'material interdependence' (Mitrany, 1933:101) between states – develops its own internal dynamic as states integrate in limited functional, technical, and/or economic areas. International agencies would meet human needs, aided by knowledge and expertise. The benefits rendered by the functional agencies would attract the loyalty of the populations and stimulate their participation and expand the area of integration. There are strong assumptions underpinning functionalism: 1) That the process of integration takes place within a framework of human freedom, 2) That knowledge and expertise are currently available to meet the needs for which the functional agencies are built. 3) That states will not sabotage the process.

Functional weakness is weakness of an arm or leg due to the nervous system not working properly. It is not caused by damage or disease of the nervous system. Patients with functional weakness experience symptoms of limb weakness which can be disabling and frightening such as problems walking or a ‘heaviness’ down one side, dropping things or a feeling that a limb just doesn’t feel normal or ‘part of them’. Functional weakness may also be described as 'dissociative motor disorder' and less helpfully as "conversion disorder."To the patient and the doctor it often looks as if there has been a stroke or have symptoms of multiple sclerosis. However, unlike these conditions, with functional weakness there is no permanent damage to the nervous system which means that it can get better or even go away completely.The diagnosis should usually be made by a consultant neurologist so that other neurological causes can be excluded. The diagnosis should be made on the basis of positive features in the history and the examination (such as Hoover's sign). It is dangerous to make the diagnosis simply because tests are normal. Neurologists usually diagnose wrongly about 5% of the time (which is the same for many other conditions.)Many patients with functional weakness suffer from not being believed. Although psychological factors can be important they are not exclusively so and the problem is not 'made up' or 'imagined'. Patients with functional weakness are as disabled and distressed by their symptoms as patients with multiple sclerosis.Treatment involves understanding and believing the diagnosis and gradually restoring nervous system function with graded exercise, learning how to manage symptoms of fatigue and pain when present and treatment of associated symptoms of worry or low mood if present. Hypnosis may also be useful.

Functional protocol

Fundraising and membership drives for progressive political groups

Functional periodicity

Fund speech

FCT refers to functional testing. Typically, the functional test is performed during the last phase of the production line. This is often referred to as a final quality control test, which is done to ensure that specifications are carried out by FCTs.The process of FCTs is entailed by the emulation or simulation of the environment in which a product is expected to operate. This is done so to check, and correct any issues with functionality. The environment involved with FCTs consists of any device that communicates with an DUT, the power supply of said DUT, and any loads needed to make the DUT function correctly.FCTs uses customer specific connectors, rather than a test point on the PCB.Functional tests are performed in an automatic fashion by production line operators using test software. In order for this to be completed, the software will communicate with any external programmable instruments such as I/O boards, digital multimeters, and communication ports. In conjunction with the test fixture, the software that interfaces with the DUT is what makes it possible for a FCT to be performed.[1]

Fund management

Functionalist linguistics

Fund.com Inc. is a US-based financial services information publishing company that focused on the fund management industry.

Functionalprogramming

Functional predicate

Functional neuroimaging

Functionoid

Functional relation

Fund for reconciliation and development

Under Canadian trade-mark law, the “doctrine of functionality” provides that features that are primarily functional in nature cannot be registered as trade-marks. The doctrine of functionality reflects the purpose of trade-mark, which is the protection of the distinctiveness of the wares and services associated with a trade-mark. Unlike patents, trade-marks do not protect the utilitarian features of products.

Fund managers

Functional structuralism

In telephony, a functional protocol is a type of protocol that is used to carry signaling messages between end points. Such a protocol is used to control the operation of devices at each end of the link. The adjective functional is used to describe protocols that are aware of the system state of the endpoints. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a currently popular protocol for Voice over IP (VoIP) and other applications.Functional protocols, with their awareness of system state, are becoming more popular since they fit the current technology ethos by taking the intelligence of the network to the periphery. They rely on the capability of intelligent end points. This expectation is compatible with the current technological and economic reality of silicon integration. Functional protocols are the hallmark of the dumb network architecture that marks the Internet.Functional protocols allow the customization of applications to end user preferences. This should be contrasted with stimulus protocol such as MiNET which carry only event data and are not aware of system state. As a result, stimulus protocols were commonly used in traditional telephony architectures that relied on centralized call control. With centralization, stimulus protocols allow for more complex and reliable operation than functional because they offer standardized feature sets whose development costs can be amortized over a large number of users.

FFP

Functionally graded elements

Functionality (Chemistry)

Fund platforms fall into two distinct groups: fund wraps and fund supermarkets. Both are services that enable investors to buy investments simply online – usually at a discounted rate. In many cases the investments purchased can then be held on the Platform in a range of tax efficient wrappers. The investments that can be purchased via each Platform varies depending on the service provider too. Investment platforms like these are available in the UK. This type of investment vehicle, is provided by a Wrap Service or Fund Supermarket provider. Shares, bonds and a range of funds from literally hundreds of fund managers can be held in many of them but it does vary from provider to provider. Individual investors can usually hold a range of investments within several different types of 'tax wrapper', such as:Individual savings accounts (ISAs)EPPsQSPs or MIPSPersonal Equity Plan (PEPs)offshore or onshore investment bonds (also called insurance bonds)personal pension plan, either insured personal pensions or Self-invested personal pension (SIPPs).The investments you can buy via these services and often hold on the platform itself can include:direct mutual funds (i.e. Unit Trust or OEIC) or investment trust or SICAV holdingsindividual equities, corporate bondscashEFTsVCTshedge fundsgiltsstructured productsproperty partnerships.These fund platforms are not really products, they are services that enable investors to buy and often hold their investments online all in one place, with a degree of flexibility to switch investments around as their lives change without having to keep paying high charges for buying and selling them. Many provide the opportunity to buy assets in-specie, which helps the investor to switch investment without unnecessary charges. These services also cut down on paperwork as transactions are centralised.Wrap services are online services where investors access their account details online. Fund Supermarkets are generally more transactional and are used for buying funds cheaply online – either by a financial adviser (on behalf of a client) or by the investor themselves.Many investors choose to take independent financial advice, in the selection of a fund platform provider, in the selection of funds and 'tax wrappers' and in the ongoing monitoring of performance.

Functional molecular infection epidemiology

Functional music

The Fund for UFO Research (FUFOR) was a UFO research group based in Alexandria, Virginia. Founded in 1979, FUFOR stated its goal was to further the scholarly research of UFOs and the extraterrestrial hypothesis (ETH), and to secure the release of alleged classified U.S. government documents pertaining to these. Since 2011, the Fund for UFO Research has not had any active presence on the internet or in print.According to its own promotional material, from its founding in 1979 through 2006, FUFOR provided over $700,000 in research grants, and supported numerous UFO-related investigations, including investigations into the secrecy behind the MJ-12 papers and the US Air Force's Project Blue Book.

Functional parent (chemistry)

Fund for American Studies

Functional vector space

Functional test

Functionalist

Functional sourcing

Fund of hedge funds

Functional neurological symptom disorder (FNsD) is a condition in which patients experience neurological symptoms such as weakness, movement disorders, sensory symptoms and blackouts. The brain of a patient with functional neurological symptom disorder is structurally normal, but functions incorrectly. In broad terms, there is a problem with the patient's central nervous system, which is not sending and receiving signals correctly.

Functional near-infrared imaging

Fund for Orderly Bank Restructuring

Functional principal components analysis

Functional theories of grammar are those approaches to the study of language that see the functions of language and its elements to be the key to understanding linguistic processes and structures. Functional theories of language propose that since language is fundamentally a tool, it is reasonable to assume that its structures are best analyzed and understood with reference to the functions they carry out. Functional theories of grammar differ from formal theories of grammar, in that the latter seek to define the different elements of language and describe the way they relate to each other as systems of formal rules or operations, whereas the former defines the functions performed by language and then relates these functions to the linguistic elements that carry them out. This means that functional theories of grammar tend to pay attention to the way language is actually used in communicative context, and not just to the formal relations between linguistic elements.In a broad sense the theories implicit in most work within descriptive linguistics and linguistic typology fit within the category of functional linguistics.

Functional silo

Functions of carbonic anhydrase in plants

FRAME

Functional power

Functional programming language

Functional prerequisites

Fund Me

In architecture, functionalism is the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building. This statement is less self-evident than it first appears, and is a matter of confusion and controversy within the profession, particularly in regard to modern architecture. Functionalism had the strongest influence in Germany, Czechoslovakia, the USSR and the Netherlands.The place of functionalism in building can be traced back to the Vitruvian triad, where 'utilitas' (variously translated as 'commodity', 'convenience', or 'utility') stands alongside 'venustas' (beauty) and 'firmitas' (firmness) as one of three classic goals of architecture. Functionalist views were typical of some gothic revival architects. In particular, Augustus Welby Pugin wrote that "there should be no features about a building which are not necessary for convenience, construction, or propriety" and "all ornament should consist of enrichment of the essential construction of the building".The debate about functionalism and aesthetics is often framed as a mutually exclusive choice, when in fact there are architects, like Will Bruder, James Polshek and Ken Yeang, who attempt to satisfy all three Vitruvian goals.

Fund Platform

Functional power rule

Functional theory

Fund-of-funds

Functional region

Functional movements

In sociological research, functional prerequisites are the basic needs (food, shelter, clothing, and money) that an individual requires to live above the poverty line.

Functionally Graded Materials

Functional psychology or functionalism refers to a psychological philosophy that considers mental life and behaviour in terms of active adaptation to the person's environment. As such, it provides the general basis for developing psychological theories not readily testable by controlled experiments and for applied psychology.Functionalism arose in the U.S. in the late 19th century as an alternative to structuralism.