Section through superior colliculus showing path of oculomotor nerve.

A cerebral activator, or cerebral metabolic enhancer, is a type of drug that "activates" the central nervous system in the context of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia. The term has been used specifically to describe a few Japanese drugs, such as indeloxazine and bifemelane.

Cerebuc River

Sylvian aqueduct of sylvius

Cerebral ventricle neoplasms

Cerebral autosomal dominant ateriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

Cerebrovascular disorder

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CARASIL), is an inherited disease with symptoms of stroke, hair loss, and low back pain. The disease is rare and has only been diagnosed in about 50 patients, mostly of Japanese descent but few of Chinese and Spanish descent. There is currently no cure for CARASIL.

Cerebrum of brain

Cerebro-vascular diseases

Cerebral development

The cerebral peduncles are structures at the front of the midbrain which arise from the front of the pons and contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons. Mainly, the three common areas that give rise to the cerebral peduncles are the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord and the cerebellum. The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum. The region includes the midbrain tegmentum, crus cerebri and pretectum. By this definition, the cerebral peduncles are also known as the basis pedunculi, while the large ventral bundle of efferent fibers is referred to as the crus cerebri or the pes pedunculi.The cerebral peduncles are located on either side of the mid brain and are the most anterior part of the midbrain, and act as the connectors between the rest of the midbrain and the thalamic nuclei and thus the cerebrum. As a whole, the cerebral peduncles assists in refining motor movements, learning of new motor skills, and converting proprioceptive information into balance and posture maintenance. Important fiber tracts that run through the cerebral peduncles are: cortico-spinal, cortico-pontine, and cortico-bulbar tracts.Damage to the cerebral peduncles results in unrefined motor skills, imbalance, and lack of proprioception.

Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 2

Cerebral Palsy Greece

Cerebral metastasis

Section through midbrain showing label for cerebral crus at lower left.

Cerebral portion of internal carotid artery

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system. The term congophilic is used because the presence of the abnormal aggregations of amyloid can be demonstrated by microscopic examination of brain tissue after application of a special stain called Congo red.

Cerebral circulation

Cerebritis is an infection of the brain that normally leads to the formation of an abscess within the brain itself. It is the inflammation of the cerebrum, a structure within the brain, which performs a number of important functions, including most of the things which people associate with being human, such as memory and speech. It is also defined as a purulent nonencapsulated parenchymal infection of brain which is characterized by nonspecific features on CT (ill-defined low density area with peripheral enhancement) and cannot reliably be distinguished from neoplasms.Cerebritis usually occurs as a result of an underlying condition, which causes the inflammation of the brain tissue. It is commonly found in patients with lupus. Lupus cerebritis may occur in adults and children. The duration of the central nervous system involvement may vary from a few minutes, as in classic migraine or a transient ischemic attack, to years, as in dementia. Resulting neurological deficits may be transient or permanent, occasionally resulting in death.

English

Edema surrounding a secondary brain tumor.

Cerebral contusion

Cerebus phonebook

hier

Congo red stain

Cerebro spinal fluid

Cerebral atrophy

Cerebrospinal fluid diversion is a procedure that is used to drain fluid from the brain and spinal cord. A shunt is placed in a ventricle of the brain and threaded under the skin to another part of the body, usually the abdomen. It is used to treat hydrocephalus and idiopathic intracranial hypertension.

Cerebrospinal fluid leak

Cerebral contusion, Latin contusio cerebri, a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue. Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple microhemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue. Contusion occurs in 20–30% of severe head injuries.

Cerebral vasospasm

Cerebroside Lipidosis syndrome

Cerebral dysgenesis-neuropathy-ichthyosis-keratoderma syndrome

The cerebro-corporal coefficient (CCC) is an ultrasound measurement defined as the relation of the length of the head part to the body part of the embryo between the 10th and 14th weeks of pregnancy. It was suggested as an early predictor of intrauterine growth restriction.

Cerebral vascular disease

Cerebral aquaduct

Cerebrospinal fluid sampling

Cerebral disconnection syndrome

aqueductus mesencephali (cerebri).

Cerebral salt wasting syndrome

Cerebral vascular accidents

Cerebral angiography

Cerebrocortical necrosis

December 1977 – April 1981

Cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis

aqueductus Sylvii

Cerebral artery

Cerebratulus steinini

The cerebral crus (crus cerebri) is the anterior portion of the cerebral peduncle which contains the motor tracts, the plural of which is cerebral crura.In some older texts this is called the cerebral peduncle but presently it is usually limited to just the anterior white matter portion of it.

Cerebral narcissism

Cerebral concussion

Cerebral achromatopsia

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy syndrome

Central peduncle

Cerebus characters

Cerebral avm

yes

Cerebral folate deficiency

Cerecinos de Campos is a municipality located in the province of Zamora, Castile and León, Spain. According to the 2009 census (INE), the municipality had a population of 368 inhabitants.

Cerebral aqueduct

Cerebro-corporal coefficient

Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome

Cerebral Palsy International Sports & Recreation Association

Cerebral veins

Cerebral degeneration

Cerecinos de Campos, Spain

Cerebral hemhorrage

Cerebral peduncle

Cerebral falx

Cerebrovascular diseases

Cerebrovascular incident

Drawing of a cast of the ventricular cavities, viewed from the side.

Cerebrovascular insufficiency

The cerebrospinal venous system (CSVS) consists of the interconnected venous systems of the brain (the cerebral venous system) and the spine (the vertebral venous system).

Cerebrospinal fluid penetration

Cerebrovascular disease

Cerebral softening

Cerec

Cerebral cavernoma

Cerebrospinal Venous System

Cerebral position

Cerecel

Cerebrospinal fluid diversion

Cerebral autosomal recessive arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

Cerebral hematoma

Cerebro's x-men

Cerebral volume

Cerebrospinal meningitis

Cerecinos de Campos

Cerebral peduncles

Cerebral laceration

Cerebratulus steineni

Cerebral paresis

Cerebral venous thrombosis

Cerebrovascular accidents

Cereceda de la Sierra

A cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSFL) is a medical condition where the cerebrospinal fluid in the brain leaks out of the dura mater. This can be due to a spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak or result from different causes such as a lumbar puncture or physical trauma. While high CSF pressure can make lying down unbearable, low CSF pressure due to a leak is often relieved somewhat by lying flat on the back.

Cerebral arterial circle

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation

Cerebral consonants

Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them.

The cerebral veins are divisible into external and internal (internal cerebral veins) groups according to the outer surfaces or the inner parts of the hemispheres they drain into.The external veins are the superior cerebral veins, inferior cerebral veins, and middle cerebral vein.

Cerebus the aardvark

Cerebral diplopia or polyopia describes seeing two or more images arranged in ordered rows, columns, or diagonals after fixation on a stimulus. The polyopic images occur monocular bilaterally (one eye open on both sides) and binocularly (both eyes open), differentiating it from ocular diplopia or polyopia. The number of duplicated images can range from one to hundreds.

The cerebral aqueduct, also known as the aqueductus mesencephali, mesencephalic duct, sylvian aqueduct or the aqueduct of Sylvius is within the mesencephalon (or midbrain), contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and connects the third ventricle in the diencephalon to the fourth ventricle within the region of the mesencephalon and metencephalon, located dorsal to the pons and ventral to the cerebellum.

Cerebral achromatopsia is a type of color-blindness caused by damage to the cerebral cortex of the brain, rather than abnormalities in the cells of the eye's retina. It is often confused with congenital achromatopsia but underlying physiological deficits of the disorders are completely distinct.

Cerebral cholesterosis

Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a rare endocrine condition featuring a low blood sodium concentration and dehydration in response to trauma/injury or the presence of tumors in or surrounding the brain. This form of low blood sodium is due to excessive sodium excretion from the normally functioning kidney due to a disorder of the cerebrum of the brain. The condition was initially described in 1950. Half a century later aetiology and management of CSWS remains controversial.

Villages

Cerebrooculofacioskeletal Syndrome

Cerebrovascular occlusion

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Cerebral decortication

Cerebroside sulfate sulfatase

Cereceda (Piloña)

Cerebus The Aardvark

Cerebral angiogram

Cerebral crus

Cerebrospinal fibers

Cortical areas and their arterial blood supply

Cerebral palsy international sports and recreation association

Cerebratulus steeneni

A cerebrovascular disease is a vascular disease of the cerebral circulation. Arteries supplying oxygen to the brain are affected resulting in one of a number of cerebrovascular diseases. Most commonly this is a stroke or mini-stroke and sometimes can be a hemorrhagic stroke.

Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome

Cereceda de la Sierra is a municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon.

Cerebroanalysis

Cerebrovascular accident

Sagittal section of the skull, showing the sinuses of the dura.

A "cerebral rubicon" in paleontology is the minimum cranial capacity required for a specimen to be classified as a certain paleospecies or genus. The term is mostly used in reference to human evolution.The Scottish anthropologist Sir Arthur Keith set the limit at 750 cc for the genus Homo.

Cerebral hemispheric dominance

CSF rhinorrhoea refers to the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Measures of CSF components such as glucose have been used in the past, but are neither sensitive nor specific; beta-2 transferrin, however, has been shown to have a high positive predictive value. It has also been noted to be characterized by unilateral discharge.It is a sign of basal skull fracture.

Cerebrovascular Event

Cerebral peduncule

CT scan showing cerebral contusions, hemorrhage within the hemispheres, subdural hematoma on the left, and skull fractures

Cerebral vein

Cerebrospinal system

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy

Cerebral spinal fluid

Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 3

Cerebus

Cerebral plasticity

Cerebral redistribution

aqueductus mesencephali .

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea

Cerebral lateralisation

Cerebratulus magelhaensicus

Cerebral edema or cerebral oedema is excess accumulation of fluid in the intracellular or extracellular spaces of the brain.

Cerebratulus subtilis

Cerebral gigantism

crus cerebri

Cerebrolysin

Cerebrovascular autoregulation

Cerebral dysgenesis–neuropathy–ichthyosis–keratoderma syndrome

Cerebral toxoplasmosis

Cerebral thrombosis

A cerebral laceration is a type of traumatic brain injury that occurs when the tissue of the brain is mechanically cut or torn. The injury is similar to a cerebral contusion; however, according to their respective definitions, the pia-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury in laceration and are not torn in contusion. Lacerations require greater physical force to cause than contusions, but the two types of injury are grouped together in the ICD-9 and ICD-10 classification systems.

High Society

Cerebral vascular accident

Cerebral+Aqueduct

Cerebral vasospasm is the prolonged, intense vasoconstriction of the larger conducting arteries in the subarachnoid space which is initially surrounded by a clot. Significant narrowing develops gradually over the first few days after the aneurysmal rupture. This spasm usually is maximal in about a week's time following haemorrhage. Vasospasm is the one of the leading causes of death after the aneurysmal rupture along with the effect of the initial haemorrhage and later bleeding.

Cerebroside

Cerebral shunt

President

Cerebrospinal fluid leakage

Cerebus TV

Cereceda

neuro

Cerebral Spinal Atrophy

Cerebus (Cerebus storyline)

Cerebral salt wasting

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), also known as congophilic angiopathy, is a form of angiopathy in which amyloid deposits form in the walls of the blood vessels of the central nervous system. The term congophilic is used because the presence of the abnormal aggregations of amyloid can be demonstrated by microscopic examination of brain tissue after application of a special stain called Congo red. The amyloid material is only found in the brain and as such the disease is not related to other forms of amyloidosis.

Cerebral Vascular Accident

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea

Cerebral perfusion pressure, or CPP, is the net pressure gradient causing cerebral blood flow to the brain (brain perfusion). It must be maintained within narrow limits because too little pressure could cause brain tissue to become ischemic (having inadequate blood flow), and too much could raise intracranial pressure (ICP).

Cerebral asymmetry

Cerebral hæmorrhage

Fibrae cerebrospinales

Cerebros X-Men

Cerebral autoregulation

Cerebrospinal fasciculus

Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 4

Cerebrospinal fluid penetration is the proportion of drug that crosses the blood–brain barrier to enter the cerebrospinal fluid. It is usually expressed as a percentage of the blood concentration.

The Cerebuc River is a tributary of the Izvorul Alb River in Romania.

Cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which perfuse the cerebrum of the brain. The three main arteries consist of the:Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)Middle cerebral artery (MCA)Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)Both the ACA and MCA originate from the cerebral portion of internal carotid artery, while PCA branches from the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the anterior portion of the basilar artery. The three pairs of arteries are linked via the anterior communicating artery and the posterior communicating arteries. All three arteries send out arteries that perforate brain in the medial central portions prior to branching and bifurcating further.The arteries are usually divided into different segments from 1-4 or 5 to denote how far the level of the branch with the lower numbers denoting vessels closer to the source artery. Even though the arteries branching off these vessels retain some aspect of constancy in terms of size and position, a great amount of variety in topography, position, source and prominence nevertheless exists.

Cerebroside-sulfatase (EC 3.1.6.8, arylsulfatase A, cerebroside sulfate sulfatase) is an enzyme with systematic name cerebroside-3-sulfate 3-sulfohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reactiona cerebroside 3-sulfate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } a cerebroside + sulfateThis enzyme hydrolyses galactose-3-sulfate residues in a number of lipids.

Large arteriovenous malformation of the parietal lobe

Cerebrovascular arterial insufficiency

Cerebral dysgenesis - neuropathy - ichthyosis - keratoderma syndrome

In medicine, cerebral softening (encephalomalacia) is a localized softening of the brain substance, due to hemorrhage or inflammation. Three varieties, distinguished by their color and representing different stages of the morbid process, are known respectively as red, yellow, and white softening.

Cereceda de la Sierra is a municipality in the province of Salamanca, western Spain, part of the autonomous community of Castile-Leon. It is located 68 kilometres from the city of Salamanca and as of 2010 (last census) had a population of 101 people.The vast majority of the population emigrated to other parts of Spain in the sixties and seventies but used to come back to his native land on summer holidays, most of them have a house in the village.There is only one bar that agglutinates the shop and pub functions.The romanic church, Ntra Sra del Rosario, and the Roman bridge called Puente Cantería, are the most important examples of the local architecture as well as the typical houses most of them rebuilt by the emigrants in the last twenty years.There is a school building with a wall court behind to play typical Spanish sport as pelota with a racket or one hand and also to play traditional sport known as calva. But the most popular game in this village is the tute, a popular card game which is played at the pubs all along the year and the losers occasionally have to paid the drinks that the winners consume as they are playing.The local amateur football club is formed with the sons and grandsons of the local inhabitants that are proud of their parents and grandparents' land.It used to play a married-single match every year as part of the local summer celebrations.The Sierra de Francia is the comarca that includes not only Cereceda but many small towns as El Cabaco, La Nava de Francia, Tamames and La Alberca that are typical places to visit on summer and very similar because all of them receive the emigrants that come back home to spend the summer holidays.

Cerebral edema

Cerebral portion

Cerebral lobes

Cerebral meningitis

November 2016

Cerebral microhemorrhages

Cerebral ventricles

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor

Cerebrovascular Accident

Cerebrosides

Cerebral dominance

Cerebral sulci

Cerebral palsy sport classification is a classification system used by sports that include people with cerebral palsy (CP) with different degrees of severity to compete fairly against each other and against others with different types of disabilities. In general, Cerebral Palsy-International Sports and Recreation Association (CP-ISRA) serves as the body in charge of classification for cerebral palsy sport, though some sports have their own classification systems which apply to CP sportspeople.People with cerebral palsy were first included at the Paralympic Games in 1980 in Arnhem, the Netherlands at time when there were only four CP classes. In the next few years, a CP sports specific international organization, CP-ISRA, was founded and took over the role of managing classification. The system then started to move away from a medical based classification system to a functional classification system. This was not without controversy as it represented a move to allow people with different types of disabilities to compete against each other, and there was pushback as a result. A major overhaul of classification took place during the 2000s. At the same, individual sports began to develop their own sport specific classification systems.The classification system developed by the CP-ISRA includes eight classes: CP1, CP2, CP3, CP4, CP5, CP6, CP7 and CP8. These classes can be generally grouped into upper wheelchair, wheelchair and ambulatory classes. CP1 is the class for upper wheelchair, while CP2, CP3 and CP4 are general wheelchair classes. CP5, CP6, CP7 and CP8 are ambulatory classes. Other sports either use a version of this system, have a completely different system, or have a system with one class for which members of certain CP classes are eligible to participate. The process for classification is sport specific. It generally includes a medical exam, observation in training and observation in competition.CP sports classification, and disability sport classification, is not a system without criticism. Complaints about it include that it creates unfairness when CP sportspeople have to compete against sportspeople with other types of disabilities, that it discourages participation of people with the most severe forms of CP, and that changes to the system can leave sportspeople unprepared.

In pathology, cerebriform nuclei refers to convoluted ("brain-like") cell nuclei, such as the nuclei seen in T-cells in T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia or Sézary's disease.

Cerebral oedema

Cerebrovascular circulation

Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome (CSWS) is a rare endocrine condition featuring a low blood sodium concentration and dehydration in response to trauma/injury or the presence of tumors in or surrounding the brain. This form of low blood sodium is due to excessive sodium excretion from the normally functioning kidney due to a disorder of the cerebrum of the brain. The condition was initially described in 1950. Half a century later aetiology and management of CSWS remains controversial. One problem is that there is no diagnostic test for CSWS.

Cerebro-spinal fluid

Cerebral degenerations

Cerebral salt-wasting syndrome

Cerebral hemorrhages

Cerebral+Peduncle

Cerebroside-3-sulfate 3-sulfohydrolase

Cerebral angiogram showing a transverse projection of the vertebrobasilar and posterior cerebral circulation.

Cerebratulus hanseni

Cerebral angiogram of a carotid-cavernous fistula

Cerebral vasculature

Cerebral palsy sport classification

Cerebromedullary cistern

Cerebral salt-wasting

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor also known as ARMET-like protein 1 or is a protein that in humans that is encoded by the CDNF gene.

Cerebral blood vessel

Escudo de Cerecinos de Campos.svg

Cerebus phonebooks

Cerebral sinuses

The cerebrospinal fibers, derived from the cells of the motor area of the cerebral cortex, occupy the middle three-fifths of the base; they are continued partly to the nuclei of the motor cranial nerves, but mainly into the pyramids of the medulla oblongata.

Cerebro facio articular syndrome

Cerebroatrophic Hyperammonemia

Cerebral hemmorage

Cerebrates

Official River Code

Cerebriform nuclei

Counties

Cerebral aneurysm

Cerebral nerve

Ares of the brain are supplied by different arteries. The major systems are divided into an anterior circulation and a posterior circulation

Cerebral stroke

Cerebrocoel

Cerebral bore

Stroke Brain

Cerebral embolism

Cerebrospinal fluid proteins

Cerebral bleed

Cerebrovascular Disease

Cerebrospinal venous system

Cerebro X-Men

Cerebral hypoxia is a form of hypoxia (reduced supply of oxygen), specifically involving the brain; when the brain is completely deprived of oxygen, it is called cerebral anoxia. There are four categories of cerebral hypoxia; they are, in order of severity: diffuse cerebral hypoxia (DCH), focal cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, and global cerebral ischemia.

Cerebyx

Coronal section through mid-brain.

Cerebral small vessel diseases

Cerebral sinus

Cerebrospinal fluid shunts

Cerebral hypoxia

Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis

Cerebrovascular disorders

Cerebral angiitis

Cerebral Palsy Greece (CPG) (Greek: Εταιρεία Προστασίας Σπαστικών) is a Greek nonprofit charitable organization that serves people with cerebral palsy.Cerebral Palsy Greece was founded as the Athens Spastic Society in 1972. In 2001, thanks to a significant donation made by the Lilian Voudouri Foundation and the success of the TV-Marathon organized by Mega Channel in 1996, CPG built the Open Door Centre of Education and Rehabilitation in Argyroupolis, Greece.CPG benefitted from the auction sale of some valuable Piaget jewellery featured in the Christie's London sale, SALE 7970 —IMPORTANT JEWELS held on 8 June 2011. CPG currently serves about 250 people a day and has served over 3000 families.

Cerebral hemorrage

Cerebral autoregulation is a process in mammals, which aims to maintain adequate and stable cerebral blood flow. While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, the brain is very sensitive to over- and underperfusion. Cerebral autoregulation plays an important role in maintaining an appropriate blood flow to that region. Brain perfusion is essential for life since the brain has a high metabolic demand.

Arteries beneath brain

Cerebral lobe

pedunculus cerebri

Cerebral accident

Cerebral fissure

Cerebral diplopia or polyopia describes seeing two or more images arranged in ordered rows, columns, or diagonals after fixation on a stimulus. The polyopic images occur monocular bilaterally (one eye open on both sides) and binocularly (both eyes open), differentiating it from ocular diplopia or polyopia. The number of duplicated images can range from one to hundreds. Some patients report difficulty in distinguishing the replicated images from the real images, while others report that the false images differ in size, intensity, or color. Cerebral polyopia is sometimes confused with palinopsia (visual trailing), in which multiple images appear while watching an object. However, in cerebral polyopia, the duplicated images are of a stationary object which are perceived even after the object is removed from the visual field. Movement of the original object causes all of the duplicated images to move, or the polyopic images disappear during motion. In palinoptic polyopia, movement causes each polyopic image to leave an image in its wake, creating hundreds of persistent images (entomopia).Infarctions, tumors, multiple sclerosis, trauma, encephalitis, migraines, and seizures have been reported to cause cerebral polyopia. Cerebral polyopia has been reported in extrastriate visual cortex lesions, which is important for detecting motion, orientation, and direction. Cerebral polyopia often occurs in homonymous field deficits, suggesting deafferentation hyperexcitability could be a possible mechanism, similar to visual release hallucinations (Charles Bonnet syndrome).

Cerebrospinal Fluid

Cerebral hypoxia is a form of hypoxia (reduced supply of oxygen), specifically involving the brain; when the brain is completely deprived of oxygen, it is called cerebral anoxia. There are four categories of cerebral hypoxia; they are, in order of severity: diffuse cerebral hypoxia (DCH), focal cerebral ischemia, cerebral infarction, and global cerebral ischemia. Prolonged hypoxia induces neuronal cell death via apoptosis, resulting in a hypoxic brain injury.Cases of total oxygen deprivation are termed "anoxia", which can be hypoxic in origin (reduced oxygen availability) or ischemic in origin (oxygen deprivation due to a disruption in blood flow). Brain injury as a result of oxygen deprivation either due to hypoxic or anoxic mechanisms are generally termed hypoxic/anoxic injuries (HAI). Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) is a condition that occurs when the entire brain is deprived of an adequate oxygen supply, but the deprivation is not total. While HIE is associated in most cases with oxygen deprivation in the neonate due to birth asphyxia, it can occur in all age groups, and is often a complication of cardiac arrest.

Venae encephali, venae cerebri

Cerebral creatine deficiency

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, familial

Cerebrohepatorenal syndrome

Cerebus syndrome

Cerebral capacity

A "cerebral rubicon" in paleontology is the minimum cranial capacity required for a specimen to be classified as a certain paleospecies or genus. The term is mostly used in reference to human evolution.The Scottish anthropologist Sir Arthur Keith set the limit at 750 cc for the genus Homo. The minimum cranial capacity for the species Homo sapiens is generally set at 900cc.One of the reasons for the proposal to exclude Homo habilis from the genus Homo, and renaming it as "Australopithecus habilis", is the small capacity of their cranium (363cc -600 cc).

ped

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy

Cerebral ventriculography

Cerebus novels

Cerebral arteries describe three main pairs of arteries and their branches, which perfuse the cerebrum of the brain. The three main arteries consist of the:Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)Middle cerebral artery (MCA)Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)Both the ACA and MCA originate from the cerebral portion of internal carotid artery, while PCA branches from the intersection of the posterior communicating artery and the anterior portion of the basilar artery.

Cerebral arteritis

Cerebral aneurysm nonruptured

Cerebro-spinal fluid extraction

Cerebrovascular

Cerebral sinus thrombosis

CSF rhinorrhoea refers to the drainage of cerebrospinal fluid through the nose. Measures of CSF components such as glucose have been used in the past, but are neither sensitive nor specific; beta-2 transferrin, however, has been shown to have a high positive predictive value. It has also been noted to be characterized by unilateral discharge.It is a sign of basal skull fracture. Management includes watchful waiting - leaks often stop spontaneously; if this does not occur then neurosurgical closure is necessary to prevent the spread of infection to the meninges.Other signs of basal skull fracture includes CSF otorrhoea (drainage of CSF through the ear). It can have devastating complications in some patients, as the communication between the nasal cavity and the cerebrospinal fluid and CNS can result in bacterial infections of the CNS that can have catastrophic effects on the patient.CSF rhinorrhoea can also be a symptom of a pituitary adenoma.Spontaneous CSF rhinorrhea. The most common congenital or acquired defect in the skull base bones (anterior cranial fossa) at the spontaneous nasal liquorrhea localized in following formation:sphenoid sinus (43%)ethmoid bone (29%)cribriform plate (29%)

Cerebral abscess

Cerebroocular dysplasia-muscular dystrophy syndrome

Cerebrotendineous xanthomatosis or cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX), also called cerebral cholesterosis, is an autosomal recessive form of xanthomatosis. It falls within a group of genetic disorders called the leukodystrophies.

Cerebroside-sulfatase

Cerebral trauma

Cerebus (comics)

Cerebrofacioarticular syndrome

Cerebral ischaemia

Cerebral vascular territories.jpg

Cerebral hemispheres

Cerebros

Cerebral haemorrhage

Cerebral akinetopsia

A cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cerebral AVM, CAVM, cAVM) is an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain—specifically, an arteriovenous malformation in the cerebrum.

Cerebral rubicon

Cerebral activator

Superficial dissection of brain-stem. Ventral view.

Cerebral anoxia

Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 1

Cerece

Cerebral gyri

Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through the network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain. The rate of the cerebral blood flow in the adult is typically 750 milliliters per minute, representing 15% of the cardiac output. The arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain, and the veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, removing carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other metabolic products. Since the brain is very vulnerable to compromises in its blood supply, the cerebral circulatory system has many safeguards including autoregulation of the blood vessels and the failure of these safeguards can result in a stroke. The amount of blood that the cerebral circulation carries is known as cerebral blood flow. The presence of gravitational fields or accelerations also determine variations in the movement and distribution of blood in the brain, such as when suspended upside-down.The following description is based on idealized human cerebral circulation. The pattern of circulation and its nomenclature vary between organisms.

Cerebral localization

Cerebral creatine deficiencies (CCD's) are a small group of disorders mainly concerned with creatine biosynthesis and utilization in the brain at the blood-brain interface. The most common CCD is:creatine transporter defect (CTD), an X-linked condition caused by mutations in the SLC6A8 gene.The two other forms of CCD are creatine enzymatic defects (CED's) in creatine biosynthesis, i.e. the enzyme deficiencies:L-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase deficiency, andguanidinoacetate methyltransferase deficiency.

Cerebral leukomalacia

Cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM)

Cerebrit

Cerebral autoregulation is a process in mammals, which aims to maintain adequate and stable cerebral blood flow. While most systems of the body show some degree of autoregulation, the brain is very sensitive to over- and underperfusion. Cerebral autoregulation plays an important role in maintaining an appropriate blood flow to that region. Brain perfusion is essential for life since the brain has a high metabolic demand. By means of cerebral autoregulation the body is able to deliver sufficient blood containing oxygen and nutrients to the brain tissue for this metabolic need, and remove CO2 and other waste products.Cerebral autoregulation refers to the physiological mechanisms that maintain blood flow at an appropriate level during changes in blood pressure. However, due to the important influences of arterial carbon dioxide levels, cerebral metabolic rate, neural activation, activity of the sympathetic nervous system, posture, as well as other physiological variables, cerebral autoregulation is often interpreted as encompassing the wider field of cerebral blood flow regulation. This field includes areas such as CO2 reactivity, neurovascular coupling and other aspects of cerebral haemodynamics.This regulation of cerebral blood flow is achieved primarily by small arteries, arterioles, which either dilate or contract under the influence of multiple complex physiological control systems. Impairment of these systems may occur e.g. following stroke, trauma or anaesthesia, in premature babies and has been implicated in the development of subsequent brain injury. The non-invasive measurement of relevant physiological signals like cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, blood pressure, CO2 levels, cerebral oxygen consumption, etc. is challenging. Even more so is the subsequent assessment of the control systems. Much remains unknown about the physiology of blood flow control and the best clinical interventions to optimize patient outcome.

Cerebral herniation

Schematic of veins and venous spaces that drain deoxygenated blood from the brain

Cerebrovascular insuffiency

Cerebral ataxia

Cerebremancer

Cerebritis

Bandera de Cerecinos de Campos.svg

Cerebral malaria

Cerebral cavernous malformations

Cerebratulus charcoti

Cerebral phlebitis

Cerebral circulation is the movement of blood through the network of cerebral arteries and veins supplying the brain. The rate of the cerebral blood flow in the adult is typically 750 milliliters per minute, representing 15% of the cardiac output. The arteries deliver oxygenated blood, glucose and other nutrients to the brain, and the veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart, removing carbon dioxide, lactic acid, and other metabolic products.

Cerebral function monitoring

Cerebrotendinous cholesterosis

Cerebral dysgenesis – neuropathy – ichthyosis – keratoderma syndrome

Cerebral ventricle

Cerebral heamorrhage

Cerebral topographical map

Cerebral consonant

Cerebral hemorrhage

Cerebral polyopia

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis

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Cerebral arteries

Cerebral apoplexy

Cerebral vein thrombosis

Cerebral Palsy Greece (CPG) (Greek: Εταιρεία Προστασίας Σπαστικών) is a Greek nonprofit charitable organization that serves people with cerebral palsy.Cerebral Palsy Greece was founded as the Athens Spastic Society in 1972.

Cerebral cysts

Cerebral cavernous malformation

Cerebroocular dysgenesis

Cerebrate

Countries

Cerebrus

Cerebroglycan

Cerebral lateralization

Cerebrum(brain struture)

A diagram of a typical brain shunt

InternetArchiveBot

Cereceda de la sierra

Cerebral Spinal Fluid

Cerebrospinal fluids

Cerebropathy

Cerebral meninges

Cerebral arteriosclerosis

Cerebral contusion, Latin contusio cerebri, a form of traumatic brain injury, is a bruise of the brain tissue. Like bruises in other tissues, cerebral contusion can be associated with multiple microhemorrhages, small blood vessel leaks into brain tissue. Contusion occurs in 20–30% of severe head injuries. A cerebral laceration is a similar injury except that, according to their respective definitions, the pia-arachnoid membranes are torn over the site of injury in laceration and are not torn in contusion. The injury can cause a decline in mental function in the long term and in the emergency setting may result in brain herniation, a life-threatening condition in which parts of the brain are squeezed past parts of the skull. Thus treatment aims to prevent dangerous rises in intracranial pressure, the pressure within the skull.Contusions are likely to heal on their own without medical intervention.

Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain. Atrophy of any tissue means a decrement in the size of the cell, which can be due to progressive loss of cytoplasmic proteins. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neurons and the connections between them. Atrophy can be generalized, which means that all of the brain has shrunk; or it can be focal, affecting only a limited area of the brain and resulting in a decrease of the functions that area of the brain controls. If the cerebral hemispheres (the two lobes of the brain that form the cerebrum) are affected, conscious thought and voluntary processes may be impaired.Some degree of cerebral shrinkage occurs naturally with age; after the brain completes growth and attains its maximum mass at around age 25, it gradually loses mass with each decade of life, although the rate of loss is comparatively tiny until the age of 60, when approximately .5 to 1% of brain volume is lost per year. By age 75, the brain is an average of 15% smaller than it was at 25. Some areas of the brain such as short-term memory are affected more than others and men lose more brain mass overall than women.Brain atrophy does not affect all regions with the same intensity as shown by neuroimaging.

Cerebrovascular ferrocalcinosis

Cerebritis is an infection of the brain that normally leads to the formation of an abscess within the brain itself. It is the inflammation of the cerebrum, a structure within the brain, which performs a number of important functions, including most of the things which people associate with being human, such as memory and speech.

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Cerebral hemorrhage, traumatic

Cereceda (Pilona)

Cerebral microhaemorrhages

The cerebral peduncles are structures at the front of the midbrain which arise from the front of the pons and contain the large ascending (sensory) and descending (motor) nerve tracts that run to and from the cerebrum from the pons. Mainly, the three common areas that give rise to the cerebral peduncles are the cerebral cortex, the spinal cord and the cerebellum. The cerebral peduncle, by most classifications, is everything in the mesencephalon except the tectum.

Cerebrovascular lesion

Cerebral Sodium-wasting syndrome

Cerebral perfusion pressure

Cerebus Network

Cerebral creatine deficiencies (CCD's) are a small group of disorders mainly concerned with creatine biosynthesis and utilization in the brain at the blood-brain interface. The most common CCD is:creatine transporter defect (CTD), an X-linked condition caused by mutations in the SLC6A8 gene.The two other forms of CCD are creatine enzymatic defects (CED's) in creatine biosynthesis, i.e.

Cerebus Effect

Cerebral cancer

Cerebrospinal fluid pressure

Cerebrocerebellum

Cerebral vessel

Cerebus Syndrome

Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms.

Cerecanthia vepreculella

Cerebral stimulant

Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms. It was pioneered in 1927 by the Portuguese neurologist Egas Moniz at the University of Lisbon, who also helped develop thorotrast for use in the procedure.Typically a catheter is inserted into a large artery (such as the femoral artery) and threaded through the circulatory system to the carotid artery, where a contrast agent is injected. A series of radiographs are taken as the contrast agent spreads through the brain's arterial system, then a second series as it reaches the venous system.For some applications this method may yield better images than less invasive methods such as computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography. In addition, cerebral angiography allows certain treatments to be performed immediately, based on its findings. If, for example, the images reveal an aneurysm, metal coils may be introduced through the catheter already in place and maneuvered to the site of aneurysm; over time these coils encourage formation of connective tissue at the site, strengthening the vessel walls.In some jurisdictions, cerebral angiography is required to confirm brain death.Prior to the advent of modern neuoroimaging techniques such as MRI and CT in the mid-1970s, cerebral angiographies were frequently employed as a tool to infer the existence and location of certain kinds of lesions and hematomas by looking for secondary vascular displacement caused by the mass effect related to these medical conditions. This use of angiography as an indirect assessment tool is nowadays obsolete as modern non-invasive diagnostic methods are available to image many kinds of primary intracranial abnormalities directly.

Cerebral nucleus

Cerebral infarct

Cerebroacrovisceral early lethality complex

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Cerebral ischemia

Cerebral localisation

Cerebral blood flow

Cerebral palsy sport classification is a classification system used by sports that include people with cerebral palsy (CP) with different degrees of severity to compete fairly against each other and against others with different types of disabilities.

Cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy