The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have had peaceful diplomatic relations, and growing economic relations, since 1971. Relations between the two countries go back to 1887, when representatives of the Congo Free State established contacts with the court of the Qing dynasty then ruling China. The first treaty between the two powers was signed in 1898.

China���Guinea relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Guinea. China and Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 14, 1959.

China���Malaysia relations (Chinese: ������������; Malay: Hubungan China���Malaysia) refers to bilateral foreign relations between the two countries, China and Malaysia.China has its embassy in Kuala Lumpur and consulate general office in Kuching. Malaysia has its embassy in Beijing and consulate offices in Kunming, Guangzhou, Shanghai and Hong Kong.Both countries are claimants in the South China Sea dispute and in recent times has resulted in some friction, mainly from Malaysia.

China���United States relations, more often known as US-Chinese relations, Chinese-US relations, or Sino-American relations, refer to international relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China. The partnership between China and the United States, where each nation regards each other as a potential adversary as well as a strategic partner, has been described by world leaders and academics as the world's most important bilateral relationship of the century.As of 2014, the United States has the world's largest economy and China the second largest. The International Monetary Fund estimates that China's economy has overtaken that of United States in terms of GDP (PPP) in 2014 but the United States' economy will remain larger than China's in nominal GDP until the end of the 2010s.China���United States relations have generally been stable with some periods of open conflict, most notably during the Korean War and the Vietnam War. Currently, China and the United States have mutual political, economic, and security interests, including, but not limited to, the prevention of terrorism and the proliferation of nuclear weapons, although there are unresolved concerns relating to the role of democracy in government in China and human rights in both respective countries. China remains the largest foreign creditor of the United States, holding about 10% ($1.8 trillion) of the U.S. national debt.The two countries remain in dispute over territorial issues in the South China Sea. At the annual Strategic and Economic Dialogue in 2014, both countries confirmed that they wanted to improve their relationship. U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry stated that the United States did not seek to contain China, while Chinese paramount leader Xi Jinping stated that a confrontation between the two countries would be a disaster.Public opinion between both countries tends to fluctuate around 40 to 50 percent. As of 2015, China's public opinion of the U.S. is at 44%, while the United States' public opinion of China is significantly lower at 38%. The highest recorded favorable opinion of the United States was at 58% (2010) and the lowest at 38% (2007). While the highest recorded favorable opinion of China was at 52% (2006) and the lowest at 35% (2014).

China���Kenya relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Kenya.

China���Senegal relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Senegal.

China���Myanmar relations refers to the international relations between the People's Republic of China and Myanmar. China and Myanmar have active bilateral relations with each other.

The China���Pakistan Economic Corridor (Chinese: ������-������������������������; Urdu: ��������������-������ �������������� �����������������), often referred to by the acronym CPEC, is a collection of projects currently under construction at a cost of $46 billion, intended to rapidly expand and upgrade Pakistani infrastructure as well as deepen and broaden economic links between Pakistan and the People's Republic of China. The corridor is considered to be an extension of China's ambitious One Belt, One Road initiative, and the importance of CPEC to China is reflected by its inclusion as part of China's 13th five-year development plan.Pakistani officials predict that the project will result in the creation of upwards of 700,000 direct jobs between 2015���2030, and add 2 to 2.5 percentage points to the country's annual economic growth. Were all the planned projects to be implemented, the value of those projects would be equal to all foreign direct investment in Pakistan since 1970, and would be equivalent to 17% of Pakistan's 2015 gross domestic product.Infrastructure projects under the aegis of CPEC will span the length and breadth of Pakistan, and will eventually link the city of Gwadar in southwestern Pakistan to China's northwestern autonomous region of Xinjiang via a vast network of highways and railways. Proposed infrastructure projects are worth approximately $11 billion, and will be financed by heavily-subsidized concessionary loans that will be dispersed to the Government of Pakistan by the Exim Bank of China, China Development Bank, and the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China.As part of the broad package of infrastructure projects under CPEC, an 1,100 kilometre long motorway will be constructed between the cities of Karachi and Lahore, while the Karakoram Highway between Rawalpindi and the Chinese border will be completely reconstructed and overhauled. The Karachi���Peshawar main railway line will also be upgraded to allow for train travel at up to 160 kilometres per hour by December 2019. Pakistan's railway network will also be extended to eventually connect to China's Southern Xinjiang Railway in Kashgar. A network of pipelines to transport liquefied natural gas and oil will also be laid as part of the project, including a $2.5 billion pipeline between Gwadar and Nawabshah to eventually transport gas from Iran.Over $33 billion worth of energy infrastructure are to be constructed by private consortia to help alleviate Pakistan's chronic energy shortages, which regularly amount to over 4,500MW, and have shed an estimated 2-2.5% off Pakistan's annual gross domestic product. Over 10,400MW of energy generating capacity is to be developed between 2018 and 2020 as part of the corridor's fast-tracked "Early Harvest" projects in conjunction with four projects under construction prior to the announcement of CPEC. Electricity from these projects will primarily be generated by coal, though wind projects are included under CPEC, as is the construction of one of the world's largest solar energy plants.

Chinavasion Wholesale Limited is China-based eCommerce company with headquarters in Hong Kong and its warehouse based in Shenzhen, China. The company serves end customers as well as business-to-business and drop shipping customers by selling consumer electronics and gadgets. Chinavasion was launched in 2005 and is considered the first China eCommerce company that exclusively sells tech products sourced from Chinese manufacturers.

The border between China and Mongolia is the line that limits the territory of People's Republic of China and Mongolia. Stretches 4677 kilometers from east to west, between two triple borders China - Mongolia - Russia .The west end is located only 55 km from the beginning of the border Russia - Kazakhstan and is marked by the mountains of Altai . In the east it is the Manchurian border and passes through the Gobi Desert .

China���Croatia relations refer to bilateral foreign relations between China and Croatia. Both countries established diplomatic relations on May 13, 1992. Croatia has an embassy in Beijing and a general consulate in Hong Kong. China has embassy and Confucius Institute in Zagreb.

The border between China and Myanmar is the line that limits the territory of the People's Republic of China and Myanmar (Burma). Starting out with the Hkakabo Razi (5881m), the highest mountain in Southeast Asia, passing through the mountain range Jigong Shan and the Jiangaosh lot (3302 m). It continues through mountainous areas, with only a small river of the Mekong River, ending at the border with Laos .

The Republic of Kiribati and the People's Republic of China (PRC) currently have no official diplomatic relations. The government of Kiribati recognises the Republic of China, and, in accordance with the "One China" policy, Beijing does not maintain formal relations with countries that recognise the ROC. However, the PRC and Kiribati maintained diplomatic relations in the past.

The China���Korea Champions League is a Go competition.

Samoa and China (PRC) established official diplomatic relations in 1976. The two countries currently maintain cordial relations; China provides economic aid to Samoa.The current Ambassador of China in Samoa is Ma Chongren. Samoa has not yet appointed resident diplomatic personnel in China, but has announced its intention to do so.

China���Spain relations were established in 1973.

The border between China and Tajikistan is the line of 414 km long, north-south, which separates the east of Tajikistan (province of Gorno-Badakhshan) the territory of the China (province of Xinjiang) To the north there is the triple border China - Tajikistan - Kyrgyzstan and southern triple point is the two countries with the narrow corridor of the province Badakhshan - Afghanistan.Tajikistan was annexed to the Russian Empire in 1868.

People's Republic of China ��� Singapore relations officially started on October 3, 1990. Diplomatic missions were established in the early 1990s based on trade and the warming of ties from other ASEAN countries towards mainland China.Singapore���Taiwan relations were the international relations between Singapore and Taiwan that peaked during the 2015 Ma���Xi meeting in Singapore. Taiwan has a representative office in Singapore.

Chinese���Turkish relations are foreign relations between China and Turkey. Turkey recognized the PRC on 5 August 1971. Turkey pursues One-China policy and recognizes the PRC as the sole legal representative of China. The PRC has an embassy in Ankara, and a consulate���general in Istanbul whereas Turkey has an embassy in Beijing and 2 consulates���general in Hong Kong and Shanghai. However, recently, because of China's recent conflicts with Turkic Uyghur separatists, relations have at times been strained.

People's Republic of China ��� Zambia relations refers to the current and historical relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and Zambia.

The China-Mauritius (or Sino-Mauritian relations) refers to the bilateral relations between the island nation of the Republic of Mauritius and the People's Republic of China (PRC). A significant portion of the Mauritian population is of Chinese descent, known as Sino-Mauritians, having arrived on the island between the 17th and 19th centuries.

The border between China and Vietnam is the line that limits the territories of China and Vietnam . The land border measures about 1281 km. It starts at the Tripoint with Laos , and goes to the Gulf of Tonkin , passing in essentially mountainous areas inhabited by ethnic minorities. If the layout of the land borders is recognized by treaties, the maritime borders is on hold. It remains a dispute regarding the Spratly and Paracel Islands .

People's Republic of China ��� Singapore relations officially started on October 3, 1990. Diplomatic missions were established in the early 1990s based on trade and the warming of ties from other ASEAN countries towards mainland China.Singapore���Taiwan relations were the international relations between Singapore and Taiwan that peaked during the 2015 Ma���Xi meeting in Singapore. Taiwan has a representative office in Singapore. Singapore operates the Singapore Trade Office in Taipei in Taiwan, both of whom are members of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

China���Israel relations are the diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties between the People's Republic of China and the State of Israel.Israel was the first country in the Middle East to recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of China. However, China did not establish normal diplomatic relations with Israel until 1992. Since then, Israel and China have developed increasingly close commercial, military and strategic links. Israel maintains an embassy in Beijing and is planning to open a new consulate in Chengdu, its third in mainland China. China is Israel's third largest trading partner globally, and largest trading partner in Asia. Trade volume increased from $50 million in 1992 to over $10 billion in 2013. The similarities between the cultures and values of the two nations, sharing of deep ancient roots as well as convergence of economic interests has served two respective countries greatly with respect economic, diplomatic and cultural ties. In addition, China is one of the few countries in the world to concurrently maintain good relations with Israel, Iran, Palestine, and the Muslim world at large.

International relations between the People's Republic of China and South Korea were formally established on August 24, 1992. Throughout the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s the PRC recognized only North Korea while South Korea in turn recognized only the Republic of China in Taiwan. In recent years China and South Korea have endeavoured to boost their strategic and cooperative partnership.

People's Republic of China ��� United Arab Emirates relations refer to the diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the United Arab Emirates. Diplomatic ties were first established in 1984. The UAE maintains an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in Hong Kong while China has an embassy in Abu Dhabi and consulate-general in Dubai.

China���Togo relations refer to the foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and Togo. They established diplomatic relations on September 19, 1972.

The China - New Zealand relations, is the international relationship between the People's Republic of China and New Zealand. The establishment of diplomatic relations between the two sovereign states was announced in December, 1972. Improvements in relations between China and New Zealand led to New Zealand becoming the first developed country to sign a Free Trade Agreement with China.

For the article on Taiwanese���South African relations, see Republic of China���South Africa relations.People's Republic of China ��� South Africa relations refer to the current and historical relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of South Africa.In 2010, China was South Africa's largest trading partner. Since 2007 Sino-South African relations have become increasingly close with increasing trade, policy and political ties.

The China���Cornell���Oxford Project was a large observational study conducted throughout the 1980s in rural China, jointly funded by Cornell University, the University of Oxford, and the government of China. In May 1990, The New York Times termed the study "the Grand Prix of epidemiology".The first two major studies were led by T. Colin Campbell, professor of nutritional biochemistry at Cornell, who summarized the results in his book, The China Study (2004).

The China���Japan���South Korea trilateral summit is an annual summit held between China, Japan and South Korea, three major countries in East Asia. The first summit was held during December 2008 in Fukuoka, Japan.

People's Republic of China ��� Egypt relations were established on May 30, 1956. Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai visited Egypt three times during his tenure, and President Hosni Mubarak has visited China several times. Egypt's first democratically elected president, Mohamed Morsi also flew to China on an official visit.

Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and Grenada were established on 1 October 1985. Prime Minister Herbert Blaize established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China in 1989, prompting Beijing to sever diplomatic ties to Grenada. This position was later reversed under Prime Minister Keith Mitchell.The current Chinese ambassador to St. George's is Mme. Ou Boqian, while the current Grenadan ambassador to Beijing is Mrs. F. Marcelle Gairy. The relationship with the People's Republic of China and Grenada resumed diplomatic relations on 20 January 2005.

China���Mozambique relations date back to the 1960s, when China began to support the struggle of Mozambique's Marxist-oriented FRELIMO party against Portuguese colonialism. Diplomatic relations were formally established on 25 June 1975, soon after Mozambique gained independence from Portugal. In November 2006, Mozambique became the thirteenth African country to be added to China's official list of tourism destinations.

Sino���German relations were formally established in 1861, when Prussia and the Qing Empire concluded the first Sino-German treaty during the Eulenburg Expedition. Ten years later, the German Empire was founded and the new state inherited the old Prussian treaty.

People's Republic of China���Djibouti relations refers to the current and historical relationship between the People's Republic of China and Djibouti. China and Djibouti established relations on January 8, 1979. China has financed a number of public works projects in Djibouti, including a stadium, the offices of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the People's Palace. In September 2010, Type 920 Hospital Ship, also known as the "Peace Ark", visited Djibouti.

People's Republic of China���Namibia relations refer to the bilateral relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Namibia. Governmental relations were first established the day after Namibia's independence, but relations with Namibian independence movements date back to the 1960s.

China���Iran relations typically refers to the economic, political, and social relations between the modern nations of the People's Republic of China and Iran, from the 1950s to the present day.

China���Mauritania relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Mauritania. China and Mauritania established diplomatic relations on July 19, 1965.

The length of the border between Pakistan and China is 523 kilometers

The bilateral relations between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam have been turbulent, despite their common socialist background. Centuries of conquest by modern China's imperial predecessor have given Vietnam an entrenched suspicion of Chinese attempts to dominate it. Though the PRC assisted North Vietnam during the Vietnam War, relations between the two nations soured following Vietnam's reunification in 1975. China and Vietnam fought a prolonged border war from 1979 to 1990, but have since worked to improve their diplomatic and economic ties. However, the two countries remain in dispute over territorial issues in the South China Sea. A 2014 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center showed 84% of Vietnamese were concerned that territorial disputes between China and neighbouring countries could lead to a military conflict.

China���Indonesia relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Indonesia. The relations between two nations have been ongoing for centuries, and were officially recognized in 1950. However the diplomatic relationship between the two states was suspended in 1967, and then resumed in 1990. China have an embassy in Jakarta and consulates in Surabaya and Medan, while Indonesia have an embassy in Beijing and consulates in Guangzhou, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Both countries are among the largest nations in Asia in terms of both area and population, China is the most populous nation on earth, while Indonesia has the 4th largest population in the world. Both nations are the members of APEC and G-20 major economies.According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, the opinion of China among Indonesians remains strongly positive and stable, with 52% of positive view compared to 28% expressing a negative view.

The China���Japan-South Korea Free Trade Agreement is a proposed free trade agreement between China, Japan and South Korea. Negotiations on the agreement were set in motion in 2012. The first official talks on the matter were held in Seoul from 26���28 March 2013. Further talks were held in China and Japan throughout 2013, and more were scheduled for early 2014. Trade among the three economies totalled US$690 billion in 2011; however, progress on negotiations may be hampered by ongoing territorial disputes among the participants.A fourth round of talks were held in Seoul, South Korea from 4���7 March 2014.

Downtown Line platform of Chinatown MRT station.

China���Libya relations refers to the bilateral relations between China and Libya. China and Libya established diplomatic relations in August 1978.

China���Saudi Arabia relations refers to the current and historical bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The first Sino-Saudi official meeting took place in Oman in November 1985, following several years of heightened contact between the two countries. The two governments established official diplomatic relations in July 1990. Prior to the 1990s, bilateral relations between Saudi Arabia and the People's Republic of China (PRC) did not exist. In 1975, Saudi Arabia refused to recognize the PRC as a country, despite the PRC's desire to establish relations and acceptance of Saudi Arabian policies. At present, it is said that "oil is the backbone of the relationship." China and Saudi Arabia are strategic allies.

The China���Britain Business Council (CBBC) is the leading British organisation promoting trade and investment between the UK and China.The objective of CBBC is to assist any British company or organisation to do business in China.

Sino-Ghanaian relations refer to the current and historical relationship between the Republic of Ghana and the People's Republic of China (PRC).

The border between China and Nepal is the line of 1236 km in length, along the mountain range the Himalayas , northwest-southeast direction, separating the south of Xizang (Autonomous Region Tibet ), China , the territory of Nepal . This border is the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest .The line extends between two borders triple China - Nepal - India , one in the west, the Nepalese district of Mahakali Zone . Passes through 9 more areas of Nepal, to the west, the other triple point with India in the area Mechi .Its definition dates from the formation of the first kingdom of Nepal by the Gurkhas , in the eighteenth century. One of the most natural boundaries of the earth, due to the barrier Himalayas .

China���Czech Republic relations or Sino���Czech relations are international relations between China and the Czech Republic. They were formally established on 6 October 1949 between Czechoslovakia and China. In 1993, the Czech Republic was established and inherited the Czechoslovak treaty. The relations, trade and tourism between the China and the Czech Republic improved rapidly since the 1990s; and in the 2010s, agreements were made for more thorough economic improvements.

Diplomatic relations between China and the Federated States of Micronesia were established on September 11, 1989. The Chinese government first established an embassy in the capital of Palikir in 1990, and dispatched its first ambassador in 1991. Initially, the Micronesian ambassador to Tokyo, Japan also served as Micronesia's ambassador to China, before Micronesia established an embassy in Beijing in 2007.

China ��� Poland relations officially began on October 5, 1949.The Polish Embassy is located in Beijing.

Bilateral relations between China and Italy date back to Imperial China and Ancient Rome but the ties between Italy and the People's Republic of China only formally began on 6 November 1970. News of Italy's recognition of the People's Republic of China and consequent breaking of formal relations with the Republic of China on Taiwan spurred other European countries such as Austria and Belgium to consider similar moves.

People's Republic of China ��� Comoros relations refers to the current and historical relationship between the People's Republic of China and the Comoros. Relations were established by Comorian President Ali Soilih on 13 November 1975 and have been described as "friendly and cooperative".

People's Republic of China ��� Guinea-Bissau relations refers to the current and historical relationship between the People's Republic of China and Guinea-Bissau. Relations were established in March 1974, several months before Guinea-Bissau's September 1974 independence. From 1990-1998, Guinea-Bissau maintained diplomatic relations with the Republic of China (Taiwan) rather than with the People's Republic. Relations were reestablished in 1998 and maintained since.

Cuban���Chinese relations are the interstate relations between China and Cuba. The relations are based on trade, credits, and investments which have increased significantly since the 1990s. China is Cuba���s second largest trading partner after Venezuela. At a ceremonial trade gathering in Havana in early 2006, China���s ambassador to Cuba said ���Our government has a firm position to develop trade co-operation between our countries. The policy, the orientation, has been determined.

The China���Japan-South Korea Free Trade Agreement is a proposed free trade agreement between China, Japan and South Korea. Negotiations on the agreement were set in motion in 2012. The first official talks on the matter were held in Seoul from 26���28 March 2013. Further talks were held in China and Japan throughout 2013, and more were scheduled for early 2014.

The China���Australia Migratory Bird Agreement is a treaty between Australia and China to minimise harm to the major areas used by migratory birds which migrate between the two countries. Towra Point Nature Reserve plays a role in the agreement, being an area in Australia used by migratory birds. CAMBA was first developed on October 20, 1986 and came into force on September 1, 1988.There is also a Japan���Australia Migratory Bird Agreement and a Republic of Korea���Australia Migratory Bird Agreement.

China ��� Thailand relations officially started in November 1975 after years of negotiations.Currently there may be a power struggle between the United States and China due to escalating presence of both in Thailand.

The bilateral relations between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People's Republic of China have assumed an important strategic role with expanding commercial and strategic cooperation between the two nations.

The first Brooklyn Chinatown (simplified Chinese: ������������������; traditional Chinese: ������������������; pinyin: b��l��k��l��n hu��b��), was originally established in the Sunset Park area of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is one of the largest and fastest growing ethnic Chinese enclaves outside of Asia, as well as within New York City itself.

China-East Timor relations were established following East Timor's independence on May 20, 2002. However, China had established a representative office in Dili in 2000, when was still under United Nations administration.Since East Timor's independence, China has paid for the construction of the Presidential Palace in Dili, as well as the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the residential headquarters of the Defence Force.In 2003, Beijing signed a deal with the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, of which East Timor is a member, to increase trade and economic development among the countries. In 2006, the then President Xanana Gusm��o called China "a ���reliable friend��� and had committed East Timor to a One China policy"In 2014, the two countries issued a joint communiqu�� reaffirming that East Timor recognised the Government of the People's Republic of China as "the sole lawful Government representing the whole of China", that Taiwan was "an inalienable part of the Chinese territory", and that East Timor would not establish "any form of official relationship or conduct any form of official contacts" with Taiwan.When East Timor was under Portuguese rule, Taiwan, as the "Republic of China", had a Consulate in Dili. However, when Fretilin unilaterally declared the territory's independence as the Democratic Republic of East Timor, on 28 November 1975, the People's Republic of China was one of the few countries in the world to recognise the new state.Following the Indonesian invasion on 7 December 1975, China, as a permanent member of the UN Security Council, supported United Nations Security Council Resolution 384 deploring the invasion, upholding the territory's right to self-determination and calling on Indonesia to withdraw.There is also increased military cooperation between the two countries, with the 2008 purchase of two Shanghai-Class patrol boats from a Chinese company. These boats were initially to be manned by Chinese sailors, while the Chinese trained the Timorese to guard their coasts. In addition, China signed a contract providing US$9 million toward the building of a new headquarters for the military in East Timor.

China���Mali relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Mali. The People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Mali on October 25, 1960.

The China - New Zealand relations, is the international relationship between the People's Republic of China and New Zealand. The establishment of diplomatic relations between the two sovereign states was announced in December, 1972. Improvements in relations between China and New Zealand led to New Zealand becoming the first developed country to sign a Free Trade Agreement with China. However, interaction between the countries started in the mid-nineteenth century when Chinese people, predominantly from the Guangdong province emigrated to New Zealand during the gold rush. During the early days of the Colony of New Zealand many of the early Chinese settlers faced discrimination, with the Government of New Zealand enacting exclusionary laws on Chinese immigration in 1881 - 1934.China is New Zealand's largest trading partner in merchandise goods ahead of Australia. Relations are currently very good between China and New Zealand. In November 2015 the president of China Xi Jinping visited New Zealand.

People's Republic of China ��� Uganda relations were established in 1962. Trade between the two countries was worth over US$400 million in 2011. The Ambassador of Uganda in China is Madibo Charles Wagidoso.

The China���Philippines relations (Chinese: ������������; pinyin: Zh��ng f��i gu��nx��; Filipino: Ugnayang Tsina at Pilipinas) refers to the bilateral relations between the China and the Philippines. Relations between the two countries gradually improved over the years since the initiative of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos.

The China���Britain Business Council (CBBC) is the leading British organisation promoting trade and investment between the UK and China.The objective of CBBC is to assist any British company or organisation to do business in China. It works in close collaboration with UK Trade & Investment (UKTI), for whom it delivers China business development services.CBBC also cooperates closely with the private sector and Trade Associations; the British Embassy and Consulate Generals in China; the British Chambers of Commerce in China, and the UK Regional Development Agencies in the UK and the Devolved Administrations.In addition, CBBC organises missions to the Chinese market; identifies business opportunities; and provides research as well as a range of other practical services for UK companies in the market.CBBC also hosts inward delegations from China, arranges events in the UK and China, and hosts business events for all senior Chinese leaders visiting the UK.CBBC operates through 10 offices in the UK and a network of 13 cities throughout China. The main office is in Beijing, while the other offices are located in Shanghai, Shenzhen, Wuhan, Chengdu, Qingdao, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Shenyang, Guangzhou and Chongqing.On behalf of UKTI, CBBC delivers smaller research projects in China through the Overseas Market Introduction Service (OMIS). CBBC also provides an in-house research service that is specifically tailored to the needs of each company. All research is carried out by CBBC's project managers across the China offices. CBBC has conducted such research projects in a wide range of sectors, including both product and service industries.

China���Eritrea relations refers to the current and historical relationship between China and Eritrea. Eritrea gained independence from Ethiopia in 1993 and, as of 2007, relations between the two states registered "smooth growth".

Chinese-Greek relations are the relations between People's Republic of China and Greece. China has an embassy in Athens. Greece has an embassy in Beijing and 3 general consulates in Guangzhou, Hong-Kong and since 2005 in Shanghai.

China���North Korea relations are bilateral between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea).China maintains an embassy in the North Korean capital of Pyongyang and a consulate general in Chongjin. The Embassy of North Korea in China is located in Beijing's Chaoyang District, while a consulate general is in Shenyang.China and North Korea have, in the past, enjoyed close diplomatic relations.

Laotian���Chinese relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Laos and China. Relations have consisted of trade and aid, largely in road construction in the northern provinces of Laos, without directly challenging the interests of Thailand or Vietnam in the central and southern regions.

China ��� Iceland relations are foreign relations between China and Iceland. Diplomatic relations between them were established on December 8, 1971. China has an embassy in Reykjav��k. Iceland has an embassy in Beijing and an honorary counsulate in Hong Kong.

China ��� Luxembourg relations officially began on November 16, 1972.

China���South Sudan relations refers to the foreign relations between China and South Sudan. China recognized South Sudan's independence on July 9, 2011.

China���Equatorial Guinea relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Equatorial Guinea. China and Equatorial Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 15, 1970.In the 1970s, China and Equatorial Guinea signed agreements on economic and technological cooperation and trade.

China���Montenegro relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and Montenegro. People's Republic of China has officially recognized Montenegro on June 14, 2006. Diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on July 7, 2006. China transformed its consulate into an embassy in Podgorica on July 7, 2006. Montenegrin embassy in China opened in Beijing on November 13, 2007.

Diplomatic relations between China and Jamaica were established on 21 November 1972. The Chinese government established an embassy in Kingston in 1973. There was no formal representation from Jamaica to China until 1992, when the Jamaican ambassador to Tokyo, Japan was accredited as a non-resident ambassador to Beijing. Jamaica later established a formal embassy in Beijing, and the current ambassador is Courtenay Rattray. The current Chinese ambassador to Jamaica is Chen Jinghua.

People's Republic of China���Sudan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the People's Republic of China and Sudan. The People's Republic of China is Sudan's biggest trade partner. China imports oil from Sudan, and Sudan imports low cost items as well as armaments from China. China and Sudan enjoy a very robust and productive relationship in the fields of diplomacy, economic trade, and political strategism. The two nation-states established diplomatic relations on January 4, 1959 and have since become strongly close global allies.

The People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) have had peaceful diplomatic relations, and growing economic relations, since 1971. Relations between the two countries go back to 1887, when representatives of the Congo Free State established contacts with the court of the Qing dynasty then ruling China. The first treaty between the two powers was signed in 1898. The Free State became a Belgian colony in 1908, but when it gained its independence in 1960 it established formal relations with the Republic of China (ROC), which had replaced the Qing in 1912 but was relegated to the island of Taiwan after 1949. Over the next decade, Congolese recognition was switched several times between the ROC and the PRC before it settled finally on the latter in 1971. At the time, the Congo was known as Zaire. In the 21st century, Chinese investment in the DRC and Congolese exports to China have grown rapidly.

The relations between China and Latin America have become increasingly important.

China���Suriname relations are the bilateral relations between the Republic of Suriname and the People's Republic of China. China has an embassy in Paramaribo. Suriname has an embassy in Beijing.

China���Japan relations or Sino-Japanese relations (simplified Chinese: ������������; traditional Chinese: ������������; pinyin: Zh��ngr�� gu��nx��; Japanese: ������������ Nitch��kankei) refer to the international relations between the People's Republic of China and Japan. The countries are geographically separated by the East China Sea. Japan has been strongly influenced by China with its language, architecture, culture, religion, philosophy, and law.

China���Uruguay relations are the relations between the People's Republic of China and Uruguay. China has an embassy in Montevideo. Uruguay has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate in Hong Kong. Both countries are members of the Group of 77.

The China���Albania Friendship Association was an organization based in China, with the aim of strengthening relations between the People's Republic of China and the People's Republic of Albania. The two states had a common position of denouncing 'revisionism' in the Soviet Union after the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. As of 1961, Chiang Nan-Hsiang was the president of the Association.

People's Republic of China���Lesotho relations refer to the bilateral relations of the People's Republic of China and Lesotho. Relations began in 1983, with the first significant diplomatic exchange occurring when Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan visited China later that year, followed by King Moshoeshoe II in 1985.

China���Maldives relations refer to foreign relations between China and the Maldives. China has an embassy in Mal�� and the Maldives has an embassy in Beijing which opened in 2009. Diplomatic relations were established in 1972.

The Chinese���Russian border or the Sino���Russian border is the international border between China and Russia. After the final demarcation carried out in the early 2000s, it measures 4,209.3 km, and is the world's sixth-longest international border.The China���Russian border consists of two non-contiguous sections: the long eastern section and the much shorter western section.

China���United States relations, more often known as US-Chinese relations, Chinese-US relations, or Sino-American relations, refer to international relations between the United States of America and the People's Republic of China.

China���Venezuela relations became increasingly significant during the Presidency of Hugo Ch��vez in Venezuela and the tenure of Hu Jintao as the leader of the People's Republic of China. Sino-Venezuelan trade was less than $500m per year before 1999, and reached $7.5bn in 2009, making China Venezuela's second-largest trade partner, and Venezuela is China's biggest investment destination in Latin America.

Sino-Niuean relations are relations between China and Niue.Niue has been self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 3 September 1974 when the people endorsed the Constitution in a plebiscite. Niue is fully responsible for its internal affairs. Niue's position concerning its external relations is less clear cut.

Although China���s economic influence is growing rapidly throughout Latin America, it is perhaps most evident in Ecuador where it enjoys a near-monopoly of crude exports. Critics of Ecuadorian President Rafael Correa say that the Chinese influence has gone too far and threatens national sovereignty while indigenous peoples' rights and biodiversity could be severely harmed because of Ecuador's oil commitments to China.

The Chinatrust Brothers (������������) are a professional baseball team in Taiwan. It was originally established as an amateur team in 1984 by the Brother Hotel located in Taipei City, and later joined the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in 1989. Brother Hotel's chairman Hung Teng-sheng (���������) also acted as CPBL's secretary-general from 1987 to 1991, and is respected as "father of the CPBL".

The China���Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park (simplified Chinese: ������������������������������������; traditional Chinese: ������������������������������������; pinyin: Zh��nggu�����X��nji��p�� S��zh��u G��ngy�� Yu��n Q��), or Suzhou Industrial Park for short, abbreviated as SIP, is a county-level administrative area located in Suzhou, China with significant Singaporean influence.

People's Republic of China���Sudan relations refers to the bilateral relations between the People's Republic of China and Sudan. The People's Republic of China is Sudan's biggest trade partner. China imports oil from Sudan, and Sudan imports low cost items as well as armaments from China. China and Sudan enjoy a very robust and productive relationship in the fields of diplomacy, economic trade, and political strategism.

China���India relations, also called Sino-Indian relations or Indo-China relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of India. Historically, India and China have had relations for more than 2,000 years, but the modern relationship began in 1950 when India was among the first countries to end formal ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan) and recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of Mainland China. China and India are the two most populous countries and fastest growing major economies in the world. Growth in diplomatic and economic influence has increased the significance of their bilateral relationship.Cultural and economic relations between China and India date back to ancient times. The Silk Road not only served as a major trade route between India and China, but is also credited for facilitating the spread of Buddhism from India to East Asia. During the 19th century, China's growing opium trade with the British Raj triggered the First and Second Opium Wars. During World War II, India and China played a crucial role in halting the progress of Imperial Japan.Relations between contemporary China and India have been characterised by border disputes, resulting in three military conflicts ��� the Sino-Indian War of 1962, the Chola incident in 1967, and the 1987 Sino-Indian skirmish. However, since the late 1980s, both countries have successfully rebuilt diplomatic and economic ties. In 2008, China became India's largest trading partner and the two countries have also extended their strategic and military relations.Despite growing economic and strategic ties, there are several hurdles for India and the PRC to overcome. India faces trade imbalance heavily in favour of China. The two countries failed to resolve their border dispute and Indian media outlets have repeatedly reported Chinese military incursions into Indian territory. Both countries have steadily established military infrastructure along border areas. Additionally, India remains wary about China's strong strategic bilateral relations with Pakistan, while China has expressed concerns about Indian military and economic activities in the disputed South China Sea.In June 2012, China stated its position that "Sino-Indian ties" could be the most "important bilateral partnership of the century". That month Wen Jiabao, the Premier of China and Manmohan Singh, the Prime Minister of India set a goal to increase bilateral trade between the two countries to US$100 billion by 2015. In November 2012, the bilateral trade was estimated to be $73.9 billion.According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 33% of Indians view China positively, with 35% expressing a negative view, whereas 27% of Chinese people view India positively, with 35% expressing a negative view. A 2014 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center showed 72% of Indians were concerned that territorial disputes between China and neighbouring countries could lead to a military conflict.

China���Gabon relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Gabon. On April 20, 1974, China established diplomatic relations with Gabon.

Sino-Serbian relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Serbia. Relations have been maintained since SFR Yugoslavia's recognition of PR China on October 1, 1949, while diplomatic relations between the two countries were formally established by the exchange of diplomatic notes between the two Foreign Ministers on January 2, 1955. China has an embassy in Belgrade and also maintains an office in Pri��tina based on consent of the Government of Serbia from November 2006. Serbia has an embassy in Beijing and a consulate-general in Shanghai.

China���Somalia relations refers to the bilateral relations between China and Somalia.

China���Ireland relations are interstate relations of China and Ireland. Both countries established diplomatic relations on June 22, 1979. Both countries exchanged ambassadors in 1980. Ireland has an embassy in Beijing, a general consulate in Shanghai and an honorary consulate in Hong Kong. China has an embassy in Dublin.There are around 16,500 people of Chinese descent living in Ireland, largely concentrated in the cities of Limerick and Dublin.

The China���Kazakhstan border, or the Sino-Kazakhstan border (Kazakh: ������������������-���������� ������������������i�� ����������������, Russian: ������������������������-������������������ ������������������������������ ��������������, Chinese: ������������; pinyin: Zh��ng-H�� bi��nji��) is the international border between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kazakhstan. The border line between the two countries has been largely inherited from the border existing between the USSR and the PRC, and, earlier, between the Russian Empire and the Qing Empire; however, it has been fully demarcated only in the late 20th and early 21st century. According to the international boundary commissions that have carried out the border demarcation, the border is 1782.75 km long.

China���Pakistan relations began in 1950 when Pakistan was among the first countries to end official diplomatic relations with the Republic of China on Taiwan and recognize the PRC. Since then, both countries have placed considerable importance on the maintenance of an extremely close and supportive relationship and the two countries have regularly exchanged high-level visits resulting in a variety of agreements. The PRC has provided economic, military and technical assistance to Pakistan and each considers the other a close strategic ally. The relationship has recently been the subject of renewed attention due to the publication of a new book, The China-Pakistan Axis: Asia's New Geopolitics, which is the first extensive treatment of the relationship since the 1970s.Bilateral relations have evolved from an initial Chinese policy of neutrality to a partnership with a smaller but militarily powerful Pakistan. Diplomatic relations were established in 1950, military assistance began in 1966, a strategic alliance was formed in 1972 and economic co-operation began in 1979. China has become Pakistan���s largest supplier of arms and its third-largest trading partner. Recently, both nations have decided to cooperate in improving Pakistan's civil nuclear power sector.According to Pew Research Center in 2014, Pakistanis have the most favorable view of China after China itself. Maintaining close relations with China is a central part of Pakistan's foreign policy. China supported Pakistan's opposition to the Soviet Union's intervention in Afghanistan and is perceived by Pakistan as a regional counterweight to NATO and the United States. In addition, Pakistan was one of only two countries, alongside Cuba, to offer crucial support for the PRC in after the Tiananmen protests of 1989. China and Pakistan also share close military relations, with China supplying a range of modern armaments to the Pakistani defense forces. China supports Pakistan's stance on Kashmir while Pakistan supports China on the issues of Xinjiang, Tibet, and Taiwan. Military cooperation has deepened with joint projects producing armaments ranging from fighter jets to guided missile frigates.Chinese cooperation with Pakistan has reached economic high points, with substantial Chinese investment in Pakistani infrastructural expansion including the Pakistani deep-water port at Gwadar. Both countries have an ongoing free trade agreement. Pakistan has served as China's main bridge between Muslim countries. Pakistan also played an important role in bridging the communication gap between China and the West by facilitating the 1972 Nixon visit to China. The relations between Pakistan and China have been described by Pakistan's ambassador to China as higher than the mountains, deeper than the oceans, stronger than steel, dearer than eyesight, sweeter than honey, and so on. According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute Pakistan is China's biggest arms buyer, counting for nearly 47% of Chinese arms exports. According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 75% of Pakistanis view China's influence positively with only 15% expressing a negative view. In the Asia Pacific region, Chinese people hold third most positive opinions of Pakistan's influence in the world, behind Indonesia and Pakistan itself.

China���Tunisia relations are foreign relations between China and Tunisia. China and Tunisia established diplomatic relationship with Tunisia in 1964, when Tunisia got its independence.

Cyprus���China relations refer to the bilateral relations between Cyprus and China. China is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Nicosia, Cyprus. Cyprus is represented in China through its embassy in Beijing, China. Both countries are full members of the United Nations.Cyprus and China established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1971 and the Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Beijing was opened in 1989.

The bilateral relations between the People's Republic of China and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam have been turbulent, despite their common socialist background. Centuries of conquest by modern China's imperial predecessor have given Vietnam an entrenched suspicion of Chinese attempts to dominate it. Though the PRC assisted North Vietnam during the Vietnam War, relations between the two nations soured following Vietnam's reunification in 1975.

Mexico���China relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the United Mexican States. They were established amidst tensions in 1972, and in recent years have seen an intense export rivalry over the United States market, with the Mexican government having accused the Chinese of impinging on its export territory by flooding the US with cheap goods manufactured in low-wage factories.

The China���Korea Treaty of 1882 was negotiated between representatives of the Qing Dynasty and the Joseon Dynasty in October 1882. This agreement has been described as the Joseon-Qing Communication and Commerce Rules; and it has been called the Sino-Korean Regulations for Maritime and Overland Trade. The treaty remained in effect until 1895. After 1895, China lost its influence over Korea because of the First Sino-Japanese War.

The China���Korea Tengen is a Go competition. it pits the holders of the Tianyuan competition in China, versus the Hanguk Kiwon's Chunwon winner. Both these qualifying competitions are equivalent to the Nihon Ki-in's Tengen in Japan.

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The China���Pakistan Economic Corridor (Chinese: ������-������������������������; Urdu: ��������������-������ �������������� �����������������), often referred to by the acronym CPEC, is a collection of projects currently under construction at a cost of $46 billion, intended to rapidly expand and upgrade Pakistani infrastructure as well as deepen and broaden economic links between Pakistan and the People's Republic of China.

Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.

People's Republic of China ��� Norway relations officially started on 7 October 1950 and shortly after established diplomatic missions on 5 October 1954

China���Ivory Coast relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Ivory Coast. They established the diplomatic relations on March 2, 1983.

The China���Philippines relations (Chinese: ������������; pinyin: Zh��ng f��i gu��nx��; Filipino: Ugnayang Tsina at Pilipinas) refers to the bilateral relations between the China and the Philippines. Relations between the two countries gradually improved over the years since the initiative of Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos. However, relations between the two countries have suffered due to the worsening South China Sea dispute.Several major bilateral agreements were signed between the two countries over the years, such as: Joint Trade Agreement (1975); Scientific and Technological Cooperation Agreement (1978); Postal Agreement (1978); Air Services Agreement (1979); Visiting Forces Agreement (1999); Cultural Agreement (1979); Investment Promotion and Protection Agreement (1992); Agreement on Agricultural Cooperation (1999); Tax Agreement (1999); and Treaty on Mutual Judicial Assistance on Criminal Matters (2000). In May 2000, on the eve of the 25th anniversary of their diplomatic relations, the two countries signed a Joint Statement defining the framework of bilateral relations in the 21st century. Bilateral relations between the Philippines and China have significantly progressed in recent years. The growing bilateral relations were highlighted by the state visit to China of Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on 29���31 October 2001. During the visit, President Arroyo held bilateral talks with top Chinese leaders, namely President Jiang Zemin, NPC Chairman Li Peng, and Premier Zhu Rongji. President Arroyo also attended the 9th APEC Economic Leaders Meeting held in Shanghai on October 20���21, 2001, where she also had bilateral talks with President Jiang. During President Arroyo's visit, eight important bilateral agreements were signed.A 2014 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center showed 93% of Filipinos were concerned that territorial disputes between China and neighbouring countries could lead to a military conflict.

Diplomatic relations between China and Jamaica were established on 21 November 1972. The Chinese government established an embassy in Kingston in 1973. There was no formal representation from Jamaica to China until 1992, when the Jamaican ambassador to Tokyo, Japan was accredited as a non-resident ambassador to Beijing. Jamaica later established a formal embassy in Beijing, and the current ambassador is Courtenay Rattray. The current Chinese ambassador to Jamaica is Chen Jinghua. In 2007, China announced it would provide technical training for more than 2,000 Jamaicans in 2008.

The China���South Korea Free Trade Agreement is a proposed free trade agreement between China and South Korea. Negotiations on the agreement started in May 2012. As of July 2014 there have been 12 rounds of talks.On November 10, 2014, the Agreement was made official. South Korean president Park Geun-hye stated that her government would make efforts to enter the agreement into force as soon as possible.

China���Sweden relations are the bilateral relations between China and the Kingdom of Sweden. Sweden was the first Western country to establish official diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, on 9 May 1950.

Sino-Portuguese relations can be traced back to 1513 during the Ming dynasty of China. Relations between the modern political entities the People's Republic of China and the Portuguese Republic officially began on 2 February 1979.

The China���Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) is a bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the governments of Australia and China. Since negotiations began, 21 negotiating rounds were completed. The deal was completed and the details of the deal released on 17 November 2014., nearly 10 years after its first round of negotiations that began on 23 May 2005 after a joint feasibility study. The free trade agreement was signed between the two countries on 17 June 2015.

China���Rwanda relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Rwanda. China and Rwanda established diplomatic relations on November 12, 1971.

The Independent State of Papua New Guinea and China (PRC) established official diplomatic relations in 1976, soon after Papua New Guinea became independent. The two countries currently maintain diplomatic, economic and, to a lesser degree, military relations. Relations are cordial; China is a significant provider of both investments and development aid to Papua New Guinea.The current Ambassador of Papua New Guinea in China is Max Rai. The current Ambassador of China in Papua New Guinea is Wei Ruixing.

China-East Timor relations were established following East Timor's independence on May 20, 2002.

China-Pakistan Power Plant Corporation is a corporation set up by the governments of China and Pakistan to build nuclear power plants in Pakistan and China.Pakistan has shortage of electricity resulting in periodic blackouts all over the country. These nuclear plants will help alleviate power shortage in expanding economy. This will help Pakistan���s nuclear energy requirements of 8,800 megawatts by 2030 by expediting the delivery of six nuclear power plants of 300MW each.

The China���Peru Free Trade Agreement (Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio Per�� ��� China) is a bilateral free trade agreement designed to eliminate obstacles to trade and investment between China and Peru. The two sides concluded talks in November 2008 and signed the agreement in April 2009.

China���Syria relations are foreign relations between China and Syria. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established on August 1, 1956. China has an embassy in Damascus and Syria has an embassy in Beijing.

People's Republic of China���Ethiopia relations were established in 1970. Ethiopia has an embassy in Beijing and the People's Republic of China has an embassy in Addis Ababa. By 2009, direct Chinese investment in Ethiopia had reached US$900 million and bilateral trade had grown to $1.3 billion.

China���Republic of the Congo relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Republic of the Congo. On February 22, 1964, China established diplomatic relations with the Republic of Congo.

The China���Cornell���Oxford Project was a large observational study conducted throughout the 1980s in rural China, jointly funded by Cornell University, the University of Oxford, and the government of China. In May 1990, The New York Times termed the study "the Grand Prix of epidemiology".The first two major studies were led by T. Colin Campbell, professor of nutritional biochemistry at Cornell, who summarized the results in his book, The China Study (2004). Other lead researchers were Chen Junshi, Deputy Director of Institute of Nutrition and Food Hygiene at the Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine in Beijing, Richard Peto of the University of Oxford, and Li Junyao of the China Cancer Institute.The study examined the diets, lifestyle, and disease characteristics of 6,500 people in 65 rural Chinese counties, comparing the prevalence of disease characteristics, excluding causes of death such as accidents.

The border between China and Nepal is the line of 1236 km in length, along the mountain range the Himalayas , northwest-southeast direction, separating the south of Xizang (Autonomous Region Tibet ), China , the territory of Nepal . This border is the highest peak in the world, Mount Everest .The line extends between two borders triple China - Nepal - India , one in the west, the Nepalese district of Mahakali Zone .

People's Republic of China���Lesotho relations refer to the bilateral relations of the People's Republic of China and Lesotho. Relations began in 1983, with the first significant diplomatic exchange occurring when Prime Minister Leabua Jonathan visited China later that year, followed by King Moshoeshoe II in 1985. Foreign relations were broken off in 1990 when Lesotho opened diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, although restored in 1994 when the Basutoland Congress Party ceased relations with Taiwan.

Chinese-Romanian relations are foreign relations between China and Romania. Both countries established diplomatic relations on October 5, 1949, and exchanged ambassador for the first time in March 1950. China has an embassy in Bucharest and a consulate general in Constan��a. Romania has an embassy in Beijing and 2 consulate general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.

The Republic of the Fiji Islands was the first Pacific Island country to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, in 1975. China established an embassy in Fiji in 1976, and Fiji opened its embassy in China in 2001. Fiji's current ambassador to China is Commodore Esala Teleni, who in late 2010 replaced Sir James Ah Koy, who had served since 2007. China's ambassador to Fiji is Huang Yong.Sino-Fijian diplomatic and economic relations significantly increased in the first decade of the 21st century. In May 2009, Fiji's interim Prime Minister Voreqe Bainimarama described Fiji's relationship with China as "wonderful", while Vice-President of Fiji Ratu Epeli Nailatikau described the country's "relationship with the government and the people of the People's Republic of China as one of its most important".

China���Niger relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Niger.

Relations between China and Sri Lanka are generally warm. There is a Chinese embassy located in Colombo and a Sri Lankan embassy situated in Beijing.

Tonga and China (PRC) established official diplomatic relations in 1998. The two countries maintain cordial diplomatic, economic and military relations.

Sino-European relations refers to the relationship between the European Union (EU) and the People's Republic of China were established in 1975. A major point of contention in relations is the EU's arms ban to China.

People's Republic of China���Liberia relations refer to the bilateral relations of the People's Republic of China and Liberia. Official relations began in 1977, but were broken on multiple occasions, only to be reformed later on. As of 2009, significant amounts of both investment and foreign aid came from China to Liberia.

China���Ukraine relations are foreign relations between Ukraine and China. China has an embassy in Kiev and a Consulate-General in Odessa. Ukraine has an embassy in Beijing and a Consulate-General in Shanghai.

The Republic of the Fiji Islands was the first Pacific Island country to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China, in 1975. China established an embassy in Fiji in 1976, and Fiji opened its embassy in China in 2001. Fiji's current ambassador to China is Commodore Esala Teleni, who in late 2010 replaced Sir James Ah Koy, who had served since 2007.

Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago were established on 20 June 1974. The Chinese government established an embassy in Port of Spain in April 1975, with Trinidad and Tobago establishing their own embassy in Beijing on 26 February 2014. Prime Minister Eric Williams was the first Trinidadian head of government to visit China in 1974.

China���Iran relations typically refers to the economic, political, and social relations between the modern nations of the People's Republic of China and Iran, from the 1950s to the present day. Both the pre-1979 revolution Pahlavi dynasty of Iran and the post-revolutionary Islamic Republic of Iran have had diplomatic ties with China.Although the relations between these two governments are relatively new, trade and diplomatic relations between the peoples and cultures within these two countries have existed since at least 200 BC. Throughout history, China and Iran have developed a friendly economic and strategic partnership.

China���Sierra Leone relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Sierra Leone. The People's Republic of China and the Republic of Sierra Leone established diplomatic relations on July 29, 1971.

The bilateral relations between the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal and the People's Republic of China have been friendly and defined by Nepal's policy of balancing the competing influence of China and Nepal's southern neighbour India, the only two neighbors of the Himalayan country.

The Independent State of Papua New Guinea and China (PRC) established official diplomatic relations in 1976, soon after Papua New Guinea became independent. The two countries currently maintain diplomatic, economic and, to a lesser degree, military relations. Relations are cordial; China is a significant provider of both investments and development aid to Papua New Guinea.The current Ambassador of Papua New Guinea in China is Max Rai.

Sino-Serbian relations are foreign relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Serbia. Relations have been maintained since SFR Yugoslavia's recognition of PR China on October 1, 1949, while diplomatic relations between the two countries were formally established by the exchange of diplomatic notes between the two Foreign Ministers on January 2, 1955.

Cyprus���China relations refer to the bilateral relations between Cyprus and China. China is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Nicosia, Cyprus. Cyprus is represented in China through its embassy in Beijing, China. Both countries are full members of the United Nations.Cyprus and China established diplomatic relations on 14 December 1971 and the Embassy of the Republic of Cyprus in Beijing was opened in 1989. The Embassy is found in the heart of the embassy district of Beijing, near the EU Delegation to China and not far from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China.

The China���Brazil Earth Resources Satellite program (CBERS) is a technological cooperation program between Brazil and China which develops and operates Earth observation satellites.

The bilateral relations between Mongolia and the People's Republic of China have long been determined by the relations between China and the Soviet Union, Mongolia's other neighbour and main ally until 1990. With the rapprochement between the USSR and China in the late 1980s, Sino-Mongolian relations also began to improve. Since the 1990s, China has become Mongolia's biggest trading partner, and a number of Chinese businesses are operating in Mongolia.

The border between China and Laos is the line of 423 km long separating the northern Laos , provinces Luang Namtha , Oudomxai and Phongsali southern China , Yunnan . On the east begins in the triple border as Vietnam , heading west, go south and follow west to triple border of the two countries with Myanmar .The Laos obtains a partial independence from France in 1949, time when China by the end of civil war adopts the regime communist . The total independence of Laos occurs in 1953.

The bilateral relations between the Federal Republic of Nigeria and the People's Republic of China have expanded on growing bilateral trade and strategic cooperation. China is considered one of Nigeria's closest allies and partners. China is also one of Nigeria's important trading and export partners. According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 85% of Nigerians view China's influence positively, with only 10% expressing a negative view, making Nigeria the most pro-Chinese nation in the world.

The China���Pakistan Free Trade Agreement is a major free trade agreement signed between the People's Republic of China and Pakistan. It was concluded in 2006 and entered into effect in July 2007.Trade volume due to agreement between the two states was $13 billion in 2013, and reached to $20 billion by 2015 when both countries signed 51 agreements and Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) for cooperation in different fields. China had been contributing significantly to Pakistan���s imports even before the FTA was signed and has seen considerable improvement in its ranking after the FTA was implemented in 2007. By 2012, it was the source for 15% of Pakistan���s overall imports from the world as compared to 9.8% in 2006.

The border between China and Tajikistan is the line of 414 km long, north-south, which separates the east of Tajikistan (province of Gorno-Badakhshan) the territory of the China (province of Xinjiang) To the north there is the triple border China - Tajikistan - Kyrgyzstan and southern triple point is the two countries with the narrow corridor of the province Badakhshan - Afghanistan.Tajikistan was annexed to the Russian Empire in 1868. Between 1917 and 1921 the Tajiks fought against the Red Army, but the country was annexed to the USSR in 1929. This border was only a part of the long border between China and the Soviet Union, which stretched from Afghanistan to Mongolia. Tajikistan gained independence in 1991 with the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Since then this serves as the official border of the independent Tajikistan and the People's Republic of China.

The China���South Korea Free Trade Agreement is a proposed free trade agreement between China and South Korea. Negotiations on the agreement started in May 2012. As of July 2014 there have been 12 rounds of talks.On November 10, 2014, the Agreement was made official. South Korean president Park Geun-hye stated that her government would make efforts to enter the agreement into force as soon as possible. On June 1, 2015, China and South Korea signed a free trade agreement, which went into effect on December 20, 2015.

The China���North Korea border is the international border separating China and North Korea.

China���Iraq relations is the bilateral relationship between China and Iraq. Relations between both countries still remain very close and friendly.

China���Tanzania relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Tanzania. China established diplomatic relations with Tanganyika and Zanzibar on December 9, 1961, and December 11, 1963, respectively. When Tanganyika and Zanzibar were united and became Tanzania on April 26, 1964, it was natural for China to extend its diplomatic ties with it.

The China���Korea New Pro Wang is a Go competition sponsored by BC Card.

China���Denmark relations are foreign relations between China and Denmark. Denmark recognized the People's Republic of China on January 9, 1950 and the two countries established diplomatic relations on May 11, 1950. Denmark was the first Western country to establish diplomatic ties with China. On February 15, 1956, the two countries upgraded diplomatic relations from ministerial to ambassadorial level and exchanged ambassadors. China has an embassy in Copenhagen.

Chinese���Turkish relations are foreign relations between China and Turkey. Turkey recognized the PRC on 5 August 1971. Turkey pursues One-China policy and recognizes the PRC as the sole legal representative of China. The PRC has an embassy in Ankara, and a consulate���general in Istanbul whereas Turkey has an embassy in Beijing and 2 consulates���general in Hong Kong and Shanghai.

China���Morocco relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Morocco. China and Morocco established diplomatic relations in November 1958.

China���Equatorial Guinea relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Equatorial Guinea. China and Equatorial Guinea established diplomatic relations on October 15, 1970.In the 1970s, China and Equatorial Guinea signed agreements on economic and technological cooperation and trade. China provided Equatorial Guinea in the construction of the telecommunications buildings and broadcasting station in Malabo and Bata, a paving of the Nkue - Mongomo road, that is still in good condition, the Bicomo Hydropower Station in Bata that failed due to technical issues, and renovations to the Niefang Highway and Niefang - Nkue Highway.Medical aid and scholarship programmes were also started, in exchange for timber.

Sino-Niuean relations are relations between China and Niue.Niue has been self-governing in free association with New Zealand since 3 September 1974 when the people endorsed the Constitution in a plebiscite. Niue is fully responsible for its internal affairs. Niue's position concerning its external relations is less clear cut. Section 6 of the Niue Constitution Act provides that:Nothing in this Act or in the Constitution shall affect the responsibilities of Her Majesty the Queen in right of New Zealand for the external affairs and defence of Niue.Section 8 elaborates as follows:Effect shall be given to the provisions of sections 6 and 7 [concerning external affairs and defence and economic and administrative assistance respectively] of this Act, and to any other aspect of the relationship between New Zealand and Niue which may from time to time call for positive co-operation between New Zealand and Niue after consultation between the Prime Minister of New Zealand and the Premier of Niue, and in accordance with the policies of their respective Governments; and, if it appears desirable that any provision be made in the law of Niue to carry out these policies, that provision may be made in the manner prescribed in the Constitution, but not otherwise.Niue establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China on December 12, 2007. Notwithstanding Niue's constitutional position, the New Zealand government is clear that it does have the capacity and right to establish diplomatic relations with any country, the New Zealand government website stating that:For all practical purposes Niue conducts its own external relations, including establishing formal diplomatic relations with other states.Traditionally, Niue's foreign relations and defence have been regarded as the responsibility of New Zealand, which has full diplomatic relations with China. Importantly, it is a requirement of Niue's constitution that in such matters,"consultation between the Prime Minister of New Zealand and the Premier of Niue" must take place and it is not clear that such consultation did in fact take place before Niue purported to establish diplomatic relations with China. As such, Niue's authorities may have acted outside the powers conferred on them under Niue's constitution.Another notable matter is that he Joint Communique signed by Niue and China is different in its treatment of the Taiwan question from that agreed by New Zealand and China. New Zealand "acknowledged" China's position on Taiwan but has never expressly agreed with it, but Niue "recognizes that there is only one China in the world, the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China and Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of China." Critics have asked whether Niueans can continue to benefit from free association with New Zealand and yet disregard New Zealand's advice and establish an independent foreign policy.On 18 October 2008, Zhang Limin, China's first ambassador to Niue, presented his credentials to Niue Prime Minister Toke Talagi in the capital of Alofi. His credentials were accepted by the Niuean Premier. Mr Limin is also China's ambassador to New Zealand where he is based.In July 2009, Talagi stated that, if development aid were not forthcoming from New Zealand, he would request aid from China instead.China's opening of diplomatic relations with Niue may be seen within the wider context of China's relations with the Pacific region. Every independent country in Oceania currently maintains diplomatic and economic relations either with the People's Republic of China or with the Republic of China (Taiwan).

People's Republic of China ��� Lithuania relations are the bilateral foreign relations between People's Republic of China and Lithuania. PR China has an embassy in Vilnius. Lithuania has an embassy in Beijing.Diplomatic relations between 2 countries were established on 14 September 1991.In 1992, Embassy of China was established in Vilnius, in 1995, Embassy of Lithuania was established in Beijing.

China���Tajikistan relations are the bilateral relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Tajikistan, established on January 4, 1992, shortly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Skyscrapers of Shinjuku 2009 January.jpg

China���North Korea relations are bilateral between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK or North Korea).China maintains an embassy in the North Korean capital of Pyongyang and a consulate general in Chongjin. The Embassy of North Korea in China is located in Beijing's Chaoyang District, while a consulate general is in Shenyang.China and North Korea have, in the past, enjoyed close diplomatic relations. However, China���North Korea relations have declined markedly over the past few years. The decline in China���North Korea relations is primarily due to growing concern in China over issues such as North Korea's nuclear weapons program and its impoundment of Chinese fishing boats.Favorable views of North Korea among Chinese people appear to be receding as well. According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 20% of Chinese people view North Korea's influence positively, with 46% expressing a negative view.

Foreign Minister: Yun Byung-se
* Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat Secretary General

China���Denmark relations are foreign relations between China and Denmark. Denmark recognized the People's Republic of China on January 9, 1950 and the two countries established diplomatic relations on May 11, 1950. Denmark was the first Western country to establish diplomatic ties with China. On February 15, 1956, the two countries upgraded diplomatic relations from ministerial to ambassadorial level and exchanged ambassadors. China has an embassy in Copenhagen. Denmark has an embassy in Beijing and 4 general consulates in Chongqing, Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Shanghai.China suspended ties with Denmark after its Prime Minister met the Dalai Lama and resumed them only after the Danish government issued a statement in December 2009 saying it would oppose Tibetan independence and consider Beijing's reaction before inviting him again.

Sino���German relations were formally established in 1861, when Prussia and the Qing Empire concluded the first Sino-German treaty during the Eulenburg Expedition. Ten years later, the German Empire was founded and the new state inherited the old Prussian treaty. The relations were on the whole, frosty, with Germany joining imperialist powers like Great Britain and France in carving out spheres of influence in the Chinese empire.The Germans also participated in the crushing of the Boxer Rebellion. After World War I, relations gradually improved, though this would gradually change during the 1930s as Adolf Hitler allied himself with Japan. During the aftermath of World War II Germany was split in two states: a liberal democratic West Germany and a communist East Germany. Cold War tensions led to West Germany's alliance with the United States against communism and thus allied against China. The Eastern part was allied through the Soviet Union with China. After the German reunification, relations between Germany and China gradually and vastly improved.According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 42% of Chinese people view Germany's influence positively, compared with 22% which view it negatively, while only 10% of Germans view China's influence positively, with 76% expressing a negative view, making Germany, along with Japan, the country with the largest Anti-Chinese sentiment in the world.

China���France relations, also known as Sino-French relations or Franco-Chinese relations, refers to the interstate relations between China and France (Kingdom or later).Note that the meaning of both "China" and "France" as entities has changed throughout history; this article will discuss what was commonly considered 'France' and 'China' at the time of the relationships in question. There have been many political, cultural and economic relationships between the two countries.

The China-Mauritius (or Sino-Mauritian relations) refers to the bilateral relations between the island nation of the Republic of Mauritius and the People's Republic of China (PRC). A significant portion of the Mauritian population is of Chinese descent, known as Sino-Mauritians, having arrived on the island between the 17th and 19th centuries. Official diplomatic relations between the two countries were established on 15 April 1972 and, since then, relations between the two countries have been strong and have seen steady development. The Chinese President Hu Jintao visited Mauritius on 16 February 2009.

China���Peru relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Peru.China���Peru relations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers--the Confucius Institute.China���Peru relations was established more than 160 years ago intertwined with local social imageries, power structure and narratives.It started with Coolie Trade and matured during the ���Hundred Years weakness and poverty��� (Wang,1993) from the 1840s to 1949 of the impoverished Qing China followed by a republic divided by civil wars and invaded by Japan.The two countries signed a free trade agreement in April 2009.

China ��� Netherlands relations officially began in November 1954. In May 1972, diplomatic mission was increased to ambassadorial level.

Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago were established on 20 June 1974. The Chinese government established an embassy in Port of Spain in April 1975, with Trinidad and Tobago establishing their own embassy in Beijing on 26 February 2014. Prime Minister Eric Williams was the first Trinidadian head of government to visit China in 1974. In 2002, the trade balance between the two countries was US$47.15 million, with China exporting all but $4.81 million of that. The current Chinese ambassador to Trinidad and Tobago is Mr. Yang Youming.

Sino-Portuguese relations can be traced back to 1513 during the Ming dynasty of China. Relations between the modern political entities the People's Republic of China and the Portuguese Republic officially began on 2 February 1979. China and Portugal established the comprehensive strategic partnership in 2005.Despite Portugal's size, China has a genuine interest in developing relations with Portugal and grants Portugal a similar treatment to the main European countries and both countries maintain friendship and relative intense relations, this is due to three main reasons, the first and main one is the successful handover of Macau, which is regularly praised by Beijing, giving the issues over Taiwan and the troubled transition of Hong Kong and some tensions with the United Kingdom. A second reason is that Portugal is part of a linguistic universe of over 200 million people, including some countries of growing international importance, with which China wants to promote relations. A final factor is Portugal's prestige in Asia, and the antiquity and peaceful character of relations between Portugal and China.

Chinatown MRT Station (NE4/DT19) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North East Line and the Downtown Line in Outram, Singapore. On the North East Line, it lies between the Outram Park and Clarke Quay MRT stations and between Telok Ayer and Fort Canning MRT stations on the Downtown Line. It is directly below and serves the ethnic district of Chinatown. The construction of the station was considered an engineering achievement, due to the busy traffic on the roads above and a number of nearby historical buildings that had to be preserved during the construction. The section of track between Telok Ayer and this station is the shortest between any two stations on the MRT network; it takes around 35 to 40 seconds for a train to travel between the stations.This station serves as the southern terminus of the Downtown Line from 22 December 2013 till 2017, where it would be replaced by Expo as the third phase of the line opens.

Diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and Grenada were established on 1 October 1985. Prime Minister Herbert Blaize established diplomatic relations with the Republic of China in 1989, prompting Beijing to sever diplomatic ties to Grenada. This position was later reversed under Prime Minister Keith Mitchell.The current Chinese ambassador to St. George's is Mme. Ou Boqian, while the current Grenadan ambassador to Beijing is Mrs. F. Marcelle Gairy.

As of 1996, China-Kyrgyzstan relations were an area of substantial uncertainty for the government in Bishkek. The free-trade zone in Naryn attracted large numbers of Chinese businesspeople, who came to dominate most of the republic's import and export of small goods. Most of this trade is in barter conducted by ethnic Kyrgyz or Kazakhs who are Chinese citizens.

China���Peru relations refer to the ties and relations between China and Peru.China���Peru relations went through three stages: Chinese coolieism as an institutionalization of human capital export to Latin America during the nineteenth century; the Maoist ideology transfer in the 1970s and 1980s; and, from the 1990s onwards, through international trade and cultural and Mandarin language centers--the Confucius Institute.China���Peru relations was established more than 160 years ago intertwined with local social imageries, power structure and narratives.It started with Coolie Trade and matured during the ���Hundred Years weakness and poverty��� (Wang,1993) from the 1840s to 1949 of the impoverished Qing China followed by a republic divided by civil wars and invaded by Japan.The two countries signed a free trade agreement in April 2009. The agreement was officially ratified by both countries governments on December 6, 2009 and came into effect on March 1, 2010.

The China���Pakistan Free Trade Agreement is a major free trade agreement signed between the People's Republic of China and Pakistan. It was concluded in 2006 and entered into effect in July 2007.Trade volume due to agreement between the two states was $13 billion in 2013, and reached to $20 billion by 2015 when both countries signed 51 agreements and Memorandums of Understanding (MoUs) for cooperation in different fields.

The China���Peru Free Trade Agreement (Spanish: Tratado de Libre Comercio Per�� ��� China) is a bilateral free trade agreement designed to eliminate obstacles to trade and investment between China and Peru. The two sides concluded talks in November 2008 and signed the agreement in April 2009. The agreement was officially ratified by both countries governments on December 6, 2009 and came into effect on March 1, 2010.The idea of such a trade agreement was first formally proposed by the Peruvian Minister of Trade, Mercedes Ar��oz, to her Chinese counterpart, Bo Xilai, on November 18, 2006 during the 2006 APEC summit. On February 2007, both ministers agreed to the realization of a feasibility study, which was successfully completed six months later. On September 7, 2007, during the 2007 APEC summit, the presidents of China, Hu Jintao, and Peru, Alan Garc��a announced the formal start of negotiations. The first round of negotiations was carried out in Lima between January 20 and January 23, 2008; the second round took place in Beijing between March 3 and March 7 of the same year. The third round was carried out in May, also in Beijing. On November 19, 2008, President Alan Garcia announced that both sides have concluded trade pact talks and that the deal would be signed in the coming months.China is the second most important trade partner for Peru; as of 2006, it accounted for 9.6% of Peruvian exports and 10.3% of Peruvian imports for a trade volume of $US5.5 billion in 2007 On the other hand, Chinese investments are still small; as of 2006 companies headquartered in the People's Republic of China accounted for only 1.5% of foreign direct investment in Peru. Under the agreement, 10 percent of Peruvian products such as textiles, clothing and shoes were excluded from the deal, while only 1 percent of Chinese products ��� wood and tobacco ��� were left out, said Eduardo Ferreyros, Peruvian foreign trade vice minister. The proposed China ��� Peru trade agreement has drawn criticism in Peru from some economic sectors that feel threatened by Chinese competition; this is the case of the textile industry which claims that the low wages paid by their Chinese counterparts represent an unfair advantage. As an alternative, these sectors have proposed the exclusion of products such as textiles from the agreement or long periods to phase out tariffs on them.

China���Madagascar relations refer to the bilateral relations between China and Madagascar. China and Madagascar established diplomatic relations on November 6, 1972.

The Republic of Vanuatu and the People's Republic of China (PRC) established official diplomatic relations on March 26, 1982. China established an embassy in Vanuatu in 1989, while Vanuatu established an honorary consulate in China in 1999; it officially became an embassy in 2005. The current Ambassador of China in Vanuatu is Cheng Shuping. The current Ambassador of Vanuatu in China is former Minister of Finance Willie Jimmy.The Chinese government officially considers that Vanuatu and China "have made tireless efforts and cooperation endeavors to promote and further strengthen friendship and cooperation for the benefit of [the two countries'] peoples and nations", and that China and Vanuatu "have smooth cooperation in economic, trade, agricultural, tourism, sports and other fields".For its part, the government of Vanuatu officially considers that "China and Vanuatu have enjoyed a vibrant and long lasting relationship based on mutual understanding, friendship and genuine cooperation", and that "Vanuatu's relations with China and the adherence to the One-China policy are one of the fundamental pillars of Vanuatu's foreign policy".In June 2009, Vanuatu's ambassador to China, Willie Jimmy, "call[ed] [...] for China to have a foot firmly planted in the Pacific through Port Vila", a comment which -the Vanuatu Daily Post remarked- "no doubt caused ruffled feathers among other foreign diplomatic partners".

The China���Japan���South Korea trilateral summit is an annual summit held between China, Japan and South Korea, three major countries in East Asia. The first summit was held during December 2008 in Fukuoka, Japan. The talks are focused on maintaining strong trilateral relations, the regional economy and disaster relief.The summits were first proposed by South Korea in 2004, as a meeting outside of the framework of the ASEAN Plus Three, with the three major economies of East Asia having a separate community forum. In November 2007 during the ASEAN Plus Three meeting, the leaders of China, Japan and Korea held their eighth meeting, and decided to strengthen political dialogue and consultations between the three countries, eventually deciding on an ad hoc meeting to be held in 2008.In September 2011, the three countries launched the Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat in Seoul. The Secretary-General is appointed on a two-year rotational basis in the order of Korea, Japan, and China. Each country other than the one of the Secretary-General nominates a Deputy Secretary-General respectively.

PRC ��� Palestine relations is the bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China and the State of Palestine.The PRC and Palestine have a long relationship, due to Maoist support of Third World national liberation movements in the past.

For the article on Taiwanese���South African relations, see Republic of China���South Africa relations.People's Republic of China ��� South Africa relations refer to the current and historical relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of South Africa.In 2010, China was South Africa's largest trading partner. Since 2007 Sino-South African relations have become increasingly close with increasing trade, policy and political ties. In 2015 South Africa was upgraded to the diplomatic status of Strategic Comprehensive Partner by the Chinese government.

Foreign Minister: Wang Yi
* Emperor: Akihito

The China-Japan Tengen is a professional go competition.

Japan���China���South Korea trilateral summit

The border between China and Kyrgyzstan is the line that limits the territories of China and Kyrgyzstan 858 kilometer .From southwest to northeast, this boundary begins in the triple border of both countries with Tajikistan and ends at the same point with Kazakhstan . The border is a mountain range named Tian Shan , being traversable in Torugart Pass .

Laotian���Chinese relations refers to the current and historical relationship between Laos and China. Relations have consisted of trade and aid, largely in road construction in the northern provinces of Laos, without directly challenging the interests of Thailand or Vietnam in the central and southern regions. However, Vietnam's invasion of Cambodia in December 1978 to unseat the Khmer Rouge regime provoked China into a limited invasion of Vietnam���approximately nineteen kilometers deep���to "teach Vietnam a lesson." Laos was caught in a dangerous bind, not wanting to further provoke China, but not able to oppose its special partner, Vietnam. The Laotian leadership survived the dilemma by making slightly delayed pronouncements in support of Vietnam after some intraparty debate and by sharply reducing diplomatic relations with China to the charg�� d'affaires level���without a full break. The low point in Sino-Laotian relations came in 1979, with reports of Chinese assistance and training of Hmong resistance forces under General Vang Pao in China's Yunnan Province.This hostile relationship gradually softened, however, and in 1989 Prime Minister Kaysone Phomvihane paid a state visit to Beijing. In 1991 Kaysone chose to spend his vacation in China rather than make his customary visit to the Soviet Union. Diplomatic and party-to-party relations were normalized in 1989. Trade expanded from the local sale of consumer goods to the granting of eleven investment licenses in 1991���including an automotive assembly plant. Following the establishment of the Laotian-Chinese Joint Border Committee in 1991, meetings held during 1992 resulted in an agreement delineating their common border. China's commercial investments and trade with Laos expanded quietly, but not dramatically, in 1993 and 1994. Xi Jinping held talks with Laotian president Bounnhang Vorachit in 2016, seeking further coordination in international affairs.

China���Switzerland relations officially began when mainland China came under communist control in the early 1950s.

There have been no official People's Republic of China ��� Holy See relations since 1951.The Beijing government broke off diplomatic relations with the Holy See in 1951 after a complicated incident. Throughout 1950 and 1951, China had been putting pressure on the Vatican by threatening a breakaway of "independent Catholics", but many priests opposed the movement, and Zhou Enlai sought a middle ground. A deadly controversy was then manufactured: a priest working at the Holy See internunciature (legation) had thrown out an old 1930s-era mortar in a trash pile out of his home. A businessman named Antonio Riva discovered the mortar and took a non-functioning piece of it back to his house to display as an antique. When Communist officials saw Riva's curio in his home, they arrested him for conspiracy to assassinate Mao Zedong, which Riva denied. Riva was executed and the Holy See's diplomatic mission was banished from the country for "espionage". Tarcisio Martina, the regional apostolic prefect, was sentenced to life in prison and died in 1961, while four other "conspirators" were given shorter sentences.The Beijing government has set two conditions for reestablishing the relations: that the Holy See "not interfere in religious matters in China" and that, in line with Beijing's One-China policy, it break the ties with the Taipei government that it established after the expulsion of Archbishop Riberi, ties that, since the United Nations' recognition of the Beijing government as the government of China, it now maintains only at the level of charg�� d'affaires. The Holy See has indicated that it would have no difficulty about the second condition, but requires discussion about the concrete meaning of the first. The main point of contention concerns the appointing of Catholic bishops in mainland China, who are now named by the Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association (CPCA), at some periods in agreement with the Holy See, at other times in direct opposition to its declared wishes. The PRC government's position is that bishops should be appointed by itself; the Holy See's position is that bishops can only be appointed by the Pope, while envisaging in some cases a form of consultation with the civil authorities.The Holy See made efforts in 2007 to create formal ties with the PRC. High-ranking bishops in the Roman Catholic Church implied that such a diplomatic move was possible, predicated on the PRC granting more freedom of religion and interfering less in the hierarchy of the church in mainland China.In September 2007, the appointment of Father Joseph Li Shan by the PRC authorities was said to be "tacitly approved" by the Vatican. In May 2008, the China Philharmonic Orchestra from mainland China performed a concert for the Pope inside the Vatican, prompting analysts to speak of a "growing rapprochement" between the two countries. Since Pope Francis' inauguration in March 2013 he has publicly expressed his wish to visit China and improve the Sino-Holy See relationship in a media interview. It was also reported that on a Papal visit to South Korea in August 2014 China opened up its airspace to the Pope's plane, and while crossing the Chinese airspace the Pope sent a telegram expressing his "best wishes" to the Chinese people.However, in some areas the relationship between the Catholic Church and the PRC remains tense, with vocal and influential critics inside the church such as Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun, Bishop emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Hong Kong.In the late 1990s, officials of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Beijing raised the possibility that it might one day be used as the Holy See's embassy as a reason against demolishing an abandoned architecturally distinctive mansion belonging to the archdiocese (the reputedly haunted house at Chaonei No. 81).The two countries have the largest and the smallest populations in the world.

The border between China and Laos is the line of 423 km long separating the northern Laos , provinces Luang Namtha , Oudomxai and Phongsali southern China , Yunnan . On the east begins in the triple border as Vietnam , heading west, go south and follow west to triple border of the two countries with Myanmar .The Laos obtains a partial independence from France in 1949, time when China by the end of civil war adopts the regime communist . The total independence of Laos occurs in 1953. The country is involved in the Vietnam War from 1964. The border between the country and the People's Republic of China at that time was officially set.

China���Yemen relations refer to the bilateral relations of the People's Republic of China and Yemen. The two countries signed a treaty of friendship in 1958, with an agreement to cooperate in commercial, technical and cultural development. In the 1958 agreement, China issued Yemen an interest-free loan of 70 million Swiss francs with which Yemen could purchase supplies from China. At the same time, the city of Beijing provided an interest-free loan of $16.3 million to help fund development projects in Yemen. Another treaty of friendship was signed on June 9, 1964, along with additional agreements of cooperation in economic, technical and cultural development. China provided support in building factories and roads, and Beijing provided Yemen another interest-free loan, in the amount of $500,000.

The Republic of Vanuatu and the People's Republic of China (PRC) established official diplomatic relations on March 26, 1982. China established an embassy in Vanuatu in 1989, while Vanuatu established an honorary consulate in China in 1999; it officially became an embassy in 2005. The current Ambassador of China in Vanuatu is Cheng Shuping.

Cuban���Chinese relations are the interstate relations between China and Cuba. The relations are based on trade, credits, and investments which have increased significantly since the 1990s. China is Cuba���s second largest trading partner after Venezuela. At a ceremonial trade gathering in Havana in early 2006, China���s ambassador to Cuba said ���Our government has a firm position to develop trade co-operation between our countries. The policy, the orientation, has been determined. What���s left is the work to complete our plans.���

China���Ukraine relations are foreign relations between Ukraine and China. China has an embassy in Kiev and a Consulate-General in Odessa. Ukraine has an embassy in Beijing and a Consulate-General in Shanghai. Diplomatic ties were established in 1992.Chinese Ukrainian trade relations have intensified since 2008 and are growing, for instance various Chinese companies are interested in investing in the construction of a large orbital road around Kiev and in building a number of bridges across the Dnipro River. China intends to provide a loan of 25 million yuan (about USD 3.7 million) to Ukraine. During the 2009 flu pandemic in Ukraine the Chinese government allocated free aid worth a total of 3.5 million yuan ($500,000) to supply diagnostic devices, facemasks, eyeglasses, gloves, and other means of protection for Ukraine.Ukraine has replaced the United States as the largest exporter of corn to China.

China���Venezuela relations became increasingly significant during the Presidency of Hugo Ch��vez in Venezuela and the tenure of Hu Jintao as the leader of the People's Republic of China. Sino-Venezuelan trade was less than $500m per year before 1999, and reached $7.5bn in 2009, making China Venezuela's second-largest trade partner, and Venezuela is China's biggest investment destination in Latin America. Various bilateral deals have seen China invest billions in Venezuela, and Venezuela increase exports of oil and other resources to China.

China���Yemen relations refer to the bilateral relations of the People's Republic of China and Yemen. The two countries signed a treaty of friendship in 1958, with an agreement to cooperate in commercial, technical and cultural development. In the 1958 agreement, China issued Yemen an interest-free loan of 70 million Swiss francs with which Yemen could purchase supplies from China.

China���Indonesia relations refer to the foreign relations between China and Indonesia. The relations between two nations have been ongoing for centuries, and were officially recognized in 1950. However the diplomatic relationship between the two states was suspended in 1967, and then resumed in 1990. China have an embassy in Jakarta and consulates in Surabaya and Medan, while Indonesia have an embassy in Beijing and consulates in Guangzhou, Shanghai and Hong Kong.

Chinese American Development Corporation

The first Brooklyn Chinatown (simplified Chinese: ������������������; traditional Chinese: ������������������; pinyin: b��l��k��l��n hu��b��), was originally established in the Sunset Park area of the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It is one of the largest and fastest growing ethnic Chinese enclaves outside of Asia, as well as within New York City itself. As this Chinatown is rapidly evolving into an enclave predominantly of Fuzhou immigrants from Fujian Province in China, it is now increasingly common to refer to it as the Little Fuzhou or Fuzhou Town of the Western Hemisphere.Brooklyn's Chinese population continues to grow and expand highly rapidly, and the borough has since evolved three larger Chinatowns, between Sunset Park, Bensonhurst, and Avenue U in Sheepshead Bay. There are also several newer satellite Chinatowns in Bay Ridge, Borough Park, Coney Island, Dyker Heights, Gravesend, and Marine Park, as evidenced by the growing number of Chinese-run fruit markets, restaurants, beauty and nail salons, small offices, and computer and consumer electronics dealers. While the foreign-born Chinese population in New York City jumped 35 percent between 2000 and 2013, to 353,000 from about 262,000, the foreign-born Chinese population in Brooklyn increased 49 percent during the same period, to 128,000 from 86,000, according to The New York Times. The newer Brooklyn Chinatowns that evolved are mostly Cantonese speaking and therefore they are Little Hong Kong/Guangdong or Cantonese Town

China���India relations, also called Sino-Indian relations or Indo-China relations, refers to the bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of India. Historically, India and China have had relations for more than 2,000 years, but the modern relationship began in 1950 when India was among the first countries to end formal ties with the Republic of China (Taiwan) and recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of Mainland China.

China���Japan relations or Sino-Japanese relations (simplified Chinese: ������������; traditional Chinese: ������������; pinyin: Zh��ngr�� gu��nx��; Japanese: ������������ Nitch��kankei) refer to the international relations between the People's Republic of China and Japan. The countries are geographically separated by the East China Sea. Japan has been strongly influenced by China with its language, architecture, culture, religion, philosophy, and law. When Japan opened trades with European nations in the mid-19th century, Japan moved towards modernization (Meiji Restoration), viewing China as an antiquated civilization, unable to defend itself against Western forces in part due to the First and Second Opium Wars and Anglo-French Expeditions from the 1860s to the 1880s.According to Chinese government, the relationship between China and Japan has been strained at times by Japan's refusal to acknowledge its wartime past to the satisfaction of China. However, according to Japanese government, the expansion of People's Liberation Army and its assertive actions have been damaging the bilateral relation. Revisionist comments made by prominent Japanese officials and some Japanese history textbooks regarding the 1937 Nanking Massacre have been a focus of particular controversy. Sino-Japanese relations warmed considerably after Shinzo Abe became the Prime Minister of Japan in September 2006, and a joint historical study conducted by China and Japan released a report in 2010 which pointed toward a new consensus on the issue of World War 2-era atrocities. However, in the early 2010s, relations deteriorated further, with Japan accusing China of withholding its reserves of valuable rare earth elements. The Senkaku Islands dispute also resulted in a number of hostile encounters in the East China Sea, heated rhetoric, and riots in the People's Republic of China (PRC).China's and Japan's economies are respectively the world's first and fourth-largest economies. In 2008, China-Japan trade grew to $266.4 billion, a rise of 12.5 percent on 2007, making China and Japan the top two-way trading partners. China was also the biggest destination for Japanese exports in 2009.There has been increasingly large mutual dislike, hatred, and hostility between Japanese and Chinese people in recent years. According to a 2014 BBC World Service Poll, 3% of Japanese people view China's influence positively, with 73% expressing a negative view, the most negative perception of China in the world, while 5% of Chinese people view Japanese influence positively, with 90% expressing a negative view, the most negative perception of Japan in the world. A 2014 survey conducted by the Pew Research Center showed 85% of Japanese were concerned that territorial disputes between China and neighbouring countries could lead to a military conflict.

China���Israel relations are the diplomatic, economic, and cultural ties between the People's Republic of China and the State of Israel.Israel was the first country in the Middle East to recognize the PRC as the legitimate government of China. However, China did not establish normal diplomatic relations with Israel until 1992. Since then, Israel and China have developed increasingly close commercial, military and strategic links.

As of 1996, China-Kyrgyzstan relations were an area of substantial uncertainty for the government in Bishkek. The free-trade zone in Naryn attracted large numbers of Chinese businesspeople, who came to dominate most of the republic's import and export of small goods. Most of this trade is in barter conducted by ethnic Kyrgyz or Kazakhs who are Chinese citizens. The Kyrgyzstani government had expressed alarm over the numbers of Chinese who were moving into Naryn and other parts of Kyrgyzstan, but no preventive measures had been taken as of 1996.

China���Pakistan relations began in 1950 when Pakistan was among the first countries to end official diplomatic relations with the Republic of China on Taiwan and recognize the PRC. Since then, both countries have placed considerable importance on the maintenance of an extremely close and supportive relationship and the two countries have regularly exchanged high-level visits resulting in a variety of agreements.

China���Saudi Arabia relations refers to the current and historical bilateral relationship between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The first Sino-Saudi official meeting took place in Oman in November 1985, following several years of heightened contact between the two countries. The two governments established official diplomatic relations in July 1990.

Chinese-United Kingdom relations (simplified Chinese: ������������; traditional Chinese: ������������; pinyin: Zh��ng-Y��ng gu��nx��), more commonly known as British���Chinese relations, Anglo-Chinese relations and Sino-British relations, refers to the interstate relations between China (with its various governments through history) and the United Kingdom. The UK and the People's Republic of China were on opposing sides of the Cold War, while the Republic of China and the UK were allies during World War II. Both countries are permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.

Finnish-Chinese relations are the foreign relations between Finland and China.

The Chinatrust Brothers (������������) are a professional baseball team in Taiwan. It was originally established as an amateur team in 1984 by the Brother Hotel located in Taipei City, and later joined the Chinese Professional Baseball League (CPBL) in 1989. Brother Hotel's chairman Hung Teng-sheng (���������) also acted as CPBL's secretary-general from 1987 to 1991, and is respected as "father of the CPBL". The Brothers are currently owned by Hua Yi, a subdivision of CTBC Holding.The team, known as the Brother Elephants for much of its history, has always worn yellow uniforms. Its current home is in Taichung, with the home field at the Taichung Intercontinental Baseball Stadium.

Chinatown MRT Station (NE4/DT19) is a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) interchange station on the North East Line and the Downtown Line in Outram, Singapore. On the North East Line, it lies between the Outram Park and Clarke Quay MRT stations and between Telok Ayer and Fort Canning MRT stations on the Downtown Line. It is directly below and serves the ethnic district of Chinatown.

Bilateral relations between China and Italy date back to Imperial China and Ancient Rome but the ties between Italy and the People's Republic of China only formally began on 6 November 1970. News of Italy's recognition of the People's Republic of China and consequent breaking of formal relations with the Republic of China on Taiwan spurred other European countries such as Austria and Belgium to consider similar moves. Italian Foreign Minister Pietro Nenni presented the proposal for the recognition of China in January 1969. The Italian Communist Party had invited Chinese representatives to attend their 1969 party congress; however, the Chinese side declined the invitation. The United States maintained a major influence in commercial relations between the two countries; for example, Italy had to seek U.S. approval to sell eighty dump trucks to China in July 1970. The two countries exchanged ambassadors in February of the following year.To this day, China and Italy participate in high-level political exchanges. In September 2005, Chinese Defense Minister Cao Gangchuan and Italian Deputy Defense Minister Salvatore Cicu expressed their hope for closer military cooperation between the two countries.

There have been no official People's Republic of China ��� Holy See relations since 1951.The Beijing government broke off diplomatic relations with the Holy See in 1951 after a complicated incident. Throughout 1950 and 1951, China had been putting pressure on the Vatican by threatening a breakaway of "independent Catholics", but many priests opposed the movement, and Zhou Enlai sought a middle ground.

Chinese-United Kingdom relations (simplified Chinese: ������������; traditional Chinese: ������������; pinyin: Zh��ng-Y��ng gu��nx��), more commonly known as British���Chinese relations, Anglo-Chinese relations and Sino-British relations, refers to the interstate relations between China (with its various governments through history) and the United Kingdom. The UK and the People's Republic of China were on opposing sides of the Cold War, while the Republic of China and the UK were allies during World War II.

Diplomatic relations between China and the Federated States of Micronesia were established on September 11, 1989. The Chinese government first established an embassy in the capital of Palikir in 1990, and dispatched its first ambassador in 1991. Initially, the Micronesian ambassador to Tokyo, Japan also served as Micronesia's ambassador to China, before Micronesia established an embassy in Beijing in 2007. President John Haglelgam was the first senior government agent from Micronesia to visit China, doing so in 1990. The current Chinese ambassador to Micronesia is Zhang Weidong, while the Micronesian ambassador to Beijing is Akillino H. Susaia.

China-Pakistan Power Plant Corporation is a corporation set up by the governments of China and Pakistan to build nuclear power plants in Pakistan and China.Pakistan has shortage of electricity resulting in periodic blackouts all over the country. These nuclear plants will help alleviate power shortage in expanding economy. This will help Pakistan���s nuclear energy requirements of 8,800 megawatts by 2030 by expediting the delivery of six nuclear power plants of 300MW each. Earlier, China had assisted Pakistan in setting up the Chashma Nuclear Power Complex with Chashma-1 and Chashma-2 plants of the same capacity.

The China���Australia Migratory Bird Agreement is a treaty between Australia and China to minimise harm to the major areas used by migratory birds which migrate between the two countries. Towra Point Nature Reserve plays a role in the agreement, being an area in Australia used by migratory birds. CAMBA was first developed on October 20, 1986 and came into force on September 1, 1988.There is also a Japan���Australia Migratory Bird Agreement and a Republic of Korea���Australia Migratory Bird Agreement. Towra Point is also a Ramsar wetland site (a protected wetland of international importance).

The China���Australia Free Trade Agreement (ChAFTA) is a bilateral Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between the governments of Australia and China. Since negotiations began, 21 negotiating rounds were completed. The deal was completed and the details of the deal released on 17 November 2014., nearly 10 years after its first round of negotiations that began on 23 May 2005 after a joint feasibility study. The free trade agreement was signed between the two countries on 17 June 2015. The agreement will follow the usual treaty making process whereby it will come into force when China completes its domestic legal and legislative processes and when Australian Parliament���s Joint Standing Committee on Treaties and the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade References Committee finish the review. The agreement entered into force on 20 December 2015.