2010–11 AEK Athens F.C. season
abstract: AEK Athens F.C. competed for the fifty-second consecutive season in the Greek topflight. They started their European campaign in the UEFA Europa League Play-off round after finishing second in last season's playoffs.

Ensis macha
comment: Ensis macha, or Navaja or Navajuela as it is called in Spanish, is a bivalve mollusc of the family Pharidae. It inhabits the coasts of Peru, Chile and southern Argentina. Ensis macha lives in sand or muddy sediments in the subtidal zone, where it can burrow to a depth of up to 13 metres. Ensis macha is one of the world's economically most significant Ensis species, with a total catch of 6,000 tons in Chile in 1999.

List of most-viewed YouTube videos
abstract: YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. Since its establishment in 2005, the website has featured a "most viewed" section, which lists the most-viewed videos on the site. Although the most-viewed videos were initially viral videos, such as "Evolution of Dance" and "Charlie Bit My Finger", the most-viewed videos were increasingly related to music videos. In fact, since Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance", every video that has reached the top of the "most-viewed YouTube videos" list has been a music video. Although some of the previously most-viewed videos are no longer listed on the site, reaching the top of the list is still considered a tremendous feat. In November 2005, a Nike advertisement featuring Brazilian football star Ronaldinho became the first video to reach one million views. In December 2012, "Gangnam Style" became the first video to reach one billion views. By June 2015, only "Baby" had managed to join this threshold; but, by October 2015, a total of ten videos had done so, and the number reached further to 100 in February 2018. In July 2018, "November Rain" by Guns N' Roses became the first video created before the YouTube era to reach this threshold. In May 2014 "Gangnam Style" became the first video to exceed two billion views. "Despacito" became the first video to reach three billion views in August 2017, and since has surpassed four billion in October 2017, five billion in April 2018, and six billion in February 2019. As of April 2019, 33 videos have exceeded two billion views; seven of which exceed three billion views, three of which exceed four billion views and one of which exceeds six billion views. "See You Again" became the second video to reach three billion views in August 2017, followed by "Gangnam Style" in November 2017. "Shape of You" became the second video to reach four billion views in January 2019, followed by "See You Again" in February 2019. As of April 2019, the fastest videos to reach the one b[cell cut: 2811 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: YouTube is an American video-sharing website headquartered in San Bruno, California. Since its establishment in 2005, the website has featured a "most viewed" section, which lists the most-viewed videos on the site. Although the most-viewed videos were initially viral videos, such as "Evolution of Dance" and "Charlie Bit My Finger", the most-viewed videos were increasingly related to music videos. In fact, since Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance", every video that has reached the top of the "most-viewed YouTube videos" list has been a music video. Although some of the previously most-viewed videos are no longer listed on the site, reaching the top of the list is still considered a tremendous feat.

WICC (AM)
abstract: WICC (600 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Bridgeport, Connecticut, owned by Cumulus Media. It airs a News/Talk radio format featuring a local morning show with Tony Reno & Mike Bellamy and nationally syndicated programs, primarily from the co-owned Westwood One Network. Syndicated hosts include Brian Kilmeade, Clark Howard, Dave Ramsey, Ben Shapiro, John Batchelor and Red Eye Radio. Weekends feature shows on money, real estate, computers, Italian music, oldies and adult standards. Weekends hosts include Kim Komando and Jim Bohannon. Most hours begin with world and national news from Westwood One News. WICC features some sports programming including Yankee baseball games, and Sacred Heart University athletics. WICC's offices and studios are located in Bridgeport and its transmitter is on Pleasure Beach in Bridgeport on a peninsula extending into Long Island Sound. WICC's signal is heard in much of Southern Connecticut and reaches into Long Island, New York.
comment: WICC (600 kHz) is a commercial AM radio station in Bridgeport, Connecticut, owned by Cumulus Media. It airs a News/Talk radio format featuring a local morning show with Tony Reno & Mike Bellamy and nationally syndicated programs, primarily from the co-owned Westwood One Network. Syndicated hosts include Brian Kilmeade, Clark Howard, Dave Ramsey, Ben Shapiro, John Batchelor and Red Eye Radio. Weekends feature shows on money, real estate, computers, Italian music, oldies and adult standards. Weekends hosts include Kim Komando and Jim Bohannon. Most hours begin with world and national news from Westwood One News. WICC features some sports programming including Yankee baseball games, and Sacred Heart University athletics.

Theresienstadt Ghetto
abstract: Theresienstadt (Czech: [ˈtɛrɛziːn]) was a hybrid concentration camp and ghetto established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town Terezín, located in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (German-occupied Czech lands). Theresienstadt served two main purposes: it was simultaneously a waystation to the extermination camps, and a "retirement settlement" for elderly and prominent Jews to mislead their communities about the Final Solution. Its conditions were deliberately engineered to hasten the death of its prisoners, and the ghetto also served a propaganda role. Unlike other ghettos, the exploitation of forced labor was not economically significant. The ghetto was established by a transport of Czech Jews in November 1941. The first German and Austrian Jews arrived in June 1942; Dutch and Danish Jews came beginning in 1943 and prisoners of a wide variety of nationalities were sent to Theresienstadt in the last months of the war. About 33,000 people died at Theresienstadt, mostly from malnutrition and disease. More than 88,000 people were held there for months or years before being deported to extermination camps and other killing sites; the Jewish self-administration's role in choosing those to be deported has attracted significant controversy. Including 4,000 of the deportees who survived, the total number of survivors was around 23,000. Theresienstadt was known for its relatively rich cultural life, including concerts, lectures, and clandestine education for children. The fact that it was governed by a Jewish self-administration as well as the large number of "Prominent" Jews imprisoned there facilitated the flourishing of cultural life. This spiritual legacy has attracted the attention of scholars and sparked interest in the ghetto. In the postwar period, a few of the SS perpetrators and Czech guards were put on trial, but the ghetto was generally forgotten by the Soviet authorities for political reasons. After the fall of Communism, the Terezín Ghetto[cell cut: 2067 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: Theresienstadt (Czech: [ˈtɛrɛziːn]) was a hybrid concentration camp and ghetto established by the SS during World War II in the fortress town Terezín, located in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia (German-occupied Czech lands). Theresienstadt served two main purposes: it was simultaneously a waystation to the extermination camps, and a "retirement settlement" for elderly and prominent Jews to mislead their communities about the Final Solution. Its conditions were deliberately engineered to hasten the death of its prisoners, and the ghetto also served a propaganda role. Unlike other ghettos, the exploitation of forced labor was not economically significant.

I Thought About Killing You
abstract: "I Thought About Killing You" is a song by American hip hop musician Kanye West, released as the first track on his eighth studio album, Ye (2018). It is the longest song on the album. West originally sampled "Fr3sh" by Kareem Lofty without licensing the sample and eventually updated the song in November 2018 with the unlicensed sample removed. The song is about West's thoughts of killing himself and someone else, which may have been his ego or Jay-Z. It received mixed reviews from music critics. The video of the album's listening party in Jackson Hole features the song being played alongside "Ghost Town".

Acacia dodonaeifolia
abstract: Acacia dodonaeifolia, also known as the Hop leaved wattle, Sticky Wattle and the Hop bush wattle, is a shrub or tree belonging to the genus Acacia and the subgenus Phyllodineae. It is native to an area along the south coast of South Australia and Victoria. The erect, viscid shrub to tree typically growing to a height of 2 to 5 metres (7 to 16 ft). The plant tends to divide near the base to form a series of main stems. It flowers from July to November producing yellow flowers, it fruits from December to January.

Joravarsinh Jadav
abstract: Joravarsinh Danubhai Jadav (born 10 January 1940) is a folklorist and proponent of the folk arts from Gujarat, India. Exposed to folk culture as a child, he studied history and culture in Ahmedabad. He has written and edited more than 90 works on folk culture, folk literature, and folk arts. He established the Gujarat Lok Kala Foundation for the promotion of folk arts. He was awarded the Padma Shri in 2019.

Younan Nowzaradan
comment: Younan Nowzaradan (Persian: یک نازارادان‎; born October 11, 1944), also known as Dr. Now, is an Iranian-American surgeon specializing in vascular surgery and bariatric surgery. He is known for helping morbidly obese patients lose weight on the TLC reality television series My 600-lb Life (2012–present).

Dirty Hit
abstract: Dirty Hit is a British independent record label founded in December 2009 by Jamie Oborne, Chuck Waite, Brian Smith and former England footballer, Ugo Ehiogu. It is currently based in West London, England. Their releases are distributed by Ingrooves Music Group. Since its inception, Oborne has been the main driving force behind the label. Previously part of a signed band, he moved into artist management aiming to provide artist support. Providing a platform for two acts that Oborne managed, was the main motivation behind starting the label. Both the 1975 and Benjamin Francis Leftwich thus became the first signings. The 1975 were the first act on the label to achieve mainstream success, having achieved a number 1 on the UK Albums Chart in September 2013 with their eponymous debut album. Oborne also manages some of the groups on the label through his All On Red management company. In February 2019 it was announced that The 1975 had signed a new three album deal with the record company. In May 2017, the label organised the Dirty Hit Tour featuring Superfood, King Nun and Pale Waves.
comment: Dirty Hit is a British independent record label founded in December 2009 by Jamie Oborne, Chuck Waite, Brian Smith and former England footballer, Ugo Ehiogu. It is currently based in West London, England. Their releases are distributed by Ingrooves Music Group. In May 2017, the label organised the Dirty Hit Tour featuring Superfood, King Nun and Pale Waves.

Derryn Hinch
abstract: Derryn Nigel Hinch (born 9 February 1944 in New Plymouth, Taranaki, New Zealand) is an Australian Senator for Victoria and media personality, best known for his work on Melbourne radio and television. Hinch was elected to the Senate representing Victoria as the head of Derryn Hinch's Justice Party at the 2016 federal election. Aged 72 at the time, Hinch is the oldest federal parliamentarian ever to be elected for the first time. He remained host of his weekly program Hinch Live until the election campaign period officially commenced, in a decision supported by Sky News Live. He has been the host of 3AW's Drive radio show, and a National Public Affairs commentator for the Seven Network on Sunday Night, Today Tonight and Sunrise. Hinch has been convicted of contempt of court three times, serving two prison sentences and one sentence of house detention.
comment: Derryn Nigel Hinch (born 9 February 1944 in New Plymouth, Taranaki, New Zealand) is an Australian Senator for Victoria and media personality, best known for his work on Melbourne radio and television. Hinch was elected to the Senate representing Victoria as the head of Derryn Hinch's Justice Party at the 2016 federal election. Aged 72 at the time, Hinch is the oldest federal parliamentarian ever to be elected for the first time. Hinch has been convicted of contempt of court three times, serving two prison sentences and one sentence of house detention.

Riverstone Holdings
abstract: Riverstone Holdings is a multinational private equity firm based in New York City focused on leveraged buyout, growth capital, and credit investments in the energy industry and electrical power industry sectors. The firm focuses on oil and gas exploration, midstream pipelines, electricity generation, energy and power services, energy and power technology, and renewable energy infrastructure and technology. Riverstone has raised approximately $34 billion since the firm's inception in 2000.

2019 League of Ireland Premier Division
comment: The 2019 League of Ireland Premier Division is the 35th season of the League of Ireland Premier Division. The league began in February 2019 and will conclude in October 2019. Fixtures were announced in December 2018.

Newar language
abstract: Newar (English: ) or Newari, also known as Nepal Bhasa, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Newar people, the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal Mandala, which consists of the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions in Nepal. Although "Nepal Bhasa" literally means "Nepalese language", the language is not the same as Nepali (Devanāgarī: नेपाली), the country's current official language. The two languages belong to different language families (Sino-Tibetan and Indo-European, respectively), but centuries of contact have resulted in a significant body of shared vocabulary. Both languages have official status in Kathmandu Metropolitan City. Newar was Nepal’s administrative language from the 14th to the late 18th century. From the early 20th century until democratisation, Newar suffered from official suppression. From 1952 to 1991, the percentage of Newar speakers in the Kathmandu Valley dropped from 75% to 44%, and today Newar culture and language are under threat. The language has been listed as being "definitely endangered" by UNESCO.
comment: Newar (English: ) or Newari, also known as Nepal Bhasa, is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Newar people, the indigenous inhabitants of Nepal Mandala, which consists of the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding regions in Nepal.

David Provan (footballer, born 1956)
abstract: David Alexander Provan (born 8 May 1956) is a Scottish former footballer, who played for Kilmarnock, Celtic and Scotland. While playing for Celtic, Provan won four Premier Division medals, two Scottish Cups and one League Cup. He earned ten international caps and scored one goal for Scotland, and was a non-playing member of their 1982 World Cup squad. Provan also represented the Scottish League. Provan retired in 1987 after he began to suffer from ME. He has since worked in the media.

Jussie Smollett
abstract: Justin "Jussie" Smollett ( JUSS-ee, born June 21, 1982) is an American actor and singer. He began his career as a child actor in 1987 acting in films including The Mighty Ducks (1992) and Rob Reiner's North (1994). In 2015, Smollett portrayed musician Jamal Lyon in the Fox drama series Empire, a role which was hailed as groundbreaking for its positive depiction of a black gay man on television. Smollett has also appeared in Ridley Scott's science fiction film Alien: Covenant (2017) as Ricks and in Marshall (2017) as Langston Hughes. Smollett was indicted on February 20, 2019, for disorderly conduct consisting of allegedly paying two Nigerian-American brothers to stage a fake hate crime assault on him and filing a false police report. Smollett's defense team reached a deal with prosecutors on March 26, 2019, in which all charges were dropped in return for Smollett performing community service and forfeiting his $10,000 bond. On March 27, it was announced that the FBI would be investigating as to why the charges were dismissed.
comment: Justin "Jussie" Smollett ( JUSS-ee, born June 21, 1982) is an American actor and singer. He began his career as a child actor in 1987 acting in films including The Mighty Ducks (1992) and Rob Reiner's North (1994). In 2015, Smollett portrayed musician Jamal Lyon in the Fox drama series Empire, a role which was hailed as groundbreaking for its positive depiction of a black gay man on television. Smollett has also appeared in Ridley Scott's science fiction film Alien: Covenant (2017) as Ricks and in Marshall (2017) as Langston Hughes.

Marcus Walden
comment: Marcus W. Walden (born September 13, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut during 2018. He both throws and bats right-handed, and is listed at 6 feet 0 inches (1.83 m) and 195 pounds (88 kg).

Ziegfeld Follies
comment: The Ziegfeld Follies was a series of elaborate theatrical revue productions on Broadway in New York City from 1907 to 1931, with renewals in 1934 and 1936. They became a radio program in 1932 and 1936 as The Ziegfeld Follies of the Air.

Colten Brewer
comment: Colten B. Brewer (born October 29, 1992) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He previously played for the San Diego Padres.

Aldo Moro
comment: Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (Italian: [ˈaldo ˈmɔːro]; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and a prominent member of the Christian Democracy party. He served as 38th Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. He was one of Italy's longest-serving post-war Prime Ministers, holding power for a combined total of more than six years. Due to his accommodation with the Communist leader Enrico Berlinguer, known as the Historic Compromise, Moro is widely considered one of the most prominent fathers of the Italian centre-left and one of the greatest and most popular leaders in the history of the Italian Republic. Moro was considered an intellectual and a patient mediator, especially in the internal life of his party. He was kidnapped on 16 March 1978 by th
abstract: Aldo Romeo Luigi Moro (Italian: [ˈaldo ˈmɔːro]; 23 September 1916 – 9 May 1978) was an Italian statesman and a prominent member of the Christian Democracy party. He served as 38th Prime Minister of Italy, from 1963 to 1968, and then from 1974 to 1976. He was one of Italy's longest-serving post-war Prime Ministers, holding power for a combined total of more than six years. Due to his accommodation with the Communist leader Enrico Berlinguer, known as the Historic Compromise, Moro is widely considered one of the most prominent fathers of the Italian centre-left and one of the greatest and most popular leaders in the history of the Italian Republic. Moro was considered an intellectual and a patient mediator, especially in the internal life of his party. He was kidnapped on 16 March 1978 by the Red Brigades and killed after 55 days of captivity.

Gadget Invention, Travel, & Adventure
comment: Gadget: Invention, Travel, & Adventure (or Gadget: Past as Future) is an interactive movie/visual novel/adventure game designed by Haruhiko Shono and first released by in 1993, following his earlier works Alice: An Interactive Museum (1991) and L-Zone (1992). Like Shono's earlier titles, Gadget uses pre-rendered 3D computer graphics and resembles a point-and-click adventure game similar to Myst (1993), but with a strictly linear storyline culminating in a fixed finale. It thus sometimes tends to be classified more as an interactive movie rather than a video game. The story centers around a future dominated by retro technology from the 1920s and 1930s, especially streamlined locomotives and flying machines.
abstract: Gadget: Invention, Travel, & Adventure (or Gadget: Past as Future) is an interactive movie/visual novel/adventure game designed by Haruhiko Shono and first released by in 1993, following his earlier works Alice: An Interactive Museum (1991) and L-Zone (1992). Like Shono's earlier titles, Gadget uses pre-rendered 3D computer graphics and resembles a point-and-click adventure game similar to Myst (1993), but with a strictly linear storyline culminating in a fixed finale. It thus sometimes tends to be classified more as an interactive movie rather than a video game. The story centers around a future dominated by retro technology from the 1920s and 1930s, especially streamlined locomotives and flying machines. The game was originally released on 1 CD in 1993 by Synergy Interactive, based in Tokyo, Japan. A special edition of the game, Gadget: Past as Future, was later released on 4 CD in 1997 by Cryo Interactive for Windows, Macintosh, and the PlayStation home console. A companion volume of additional art and background plot material, Inside Out with Gadget, was also available, as well as a DVD entitled Gadget Trips/Mindscapes and an auxiliary CD-ROM containing videos, stills, previews and interactive 3D models under the title 'Preview and Reprise'. On March 23, 2011, a remastered version of Gadget: Past as Future was released for iOS by NTT Resonant Inc.

Adefunmi
comment: Oba Efuntola Oseijeman Adelabu Adefunmi (born Walter Eugene King, 5 October 1928 – 11 February 2005) was the first documented African-American initiated into the priesthood of the Yoruba religion, who would then go on to become the first African-American to be crowned Oba (King) of the Yoruba of North America in Ile Ife, Nigeria.

2018 in film
abstract: 2018 in film is an overview of events, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies, critics' lists of the best films of 2018, festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths.

Marina Vlady
abstract: Marina Vlady (born Marina Catherine de Poliakoff-Baydaroff; 10 May 1938) is a French actress.

Jen Statsky
comment: Jen Statsky is an American television writer and comedian known for her work on The Good Place, Parks and Recreation and Broad City.

Salmon and Ball
abstract: The Salmon and Ball is a pub at 502 Bethnal Green Road, Bethnal Green, it is located next to Bethnal Green tube station. It is a Grade II listed building, dating back to the mid-19th century.

April 30
comment: April 30 is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 245 days remaining until the end of the year.

Talisman
abstract: A talisman is an object that someone believes holds magical properties that bring good luck to the possessor or protect the possessor from evil or harm. According to the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, a magical order active in the United Kingdom during the late 19th and early 20th century, a talisman is "a magical figure charged with the force which it is intended to represent." The Order also cautions that one must take great care in creating a talisman and ensure that the physical item's symbolism closely represents the intended purpose of the talisman. The Order notes that the forces depicted by the item "should be in exact harmony with those you wish to attract, and the more exact the symbolism, the easier it is to attract the force." Chris Cook-Also known as Tali’s man.
comment: A talisman is an object that someone believes holds magical properties that bring good luck to the possessor or protect the possessor from evil or harm. According to the Hermetic Order of the Golden Dawn, a magical order active in the United Kingdom during the late 19th and early 20th century, a talisman is "a magical figure charged with the force which it is intended to represent." The Order also cautions that one must take great care in creating a talisman and ensure that the physical item's symbolism closely represents the intended purpose of the talisman. The Order notes that the forces depicted by the item "should be in exact harmony with those you wish to attract, and the more exact the symbolism, the easier it is to attract the force."

Charles Dance
comment: Walter Charles Dance, (born 10 October 1946) is an English actor, screenwriter, and film director. Some of his highest profile roles are Tywin Lannister in HBO's Game of Thrones (2011–2015), Guy Perron in The Jewel in the Crown (1984), Sardo Numspa in The Golden Child (1986), Jonathan Clemens in Alien 3 (1992), Benedict in Last Action Hero (1993), the Master Vampire in Dracula Untold (2014), Lord Havelock Vetinari in Terry Pratchett's Going Postal (2010), Alastair Denniston in The Imitation Game (2014), and Emperor Emhyr var Emreis in The Witcher 3: Wild Hunt (2015).

Hayley Kiyoko
comment: Hayley Kiyoko Alcroft (born April 3, 1991) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Beginning dance lessons as a child, Kiyoko's interest in entertaining led to her working as a child model and actress. She appeared in a variety of films including Scooby-Doo! film series (2009–10), Lemonade Mouth (2011), Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012), Jem and the Holograms (2015), and XOXO (2016). Alongside her film roles, she also held a recurring role in the TV series The Fosters (2014) and a lead role on CSI: Cyber (2015–16) and Five Points (2018).
abstract: Hayley Kiyoko Alcroft (born April 3, 1991) is an American singer, songwriter, and actress. Beginning dance lessons as a child, Kiyoko's interest in entertaining led to her working as a child model and actress. She appeared in a variety of films including Scooby-Doo! film series (2009–10), Lemonade Mouth (2011), Blue Lagoon: The Awakening (2012), Jem and the Holograms (2015), and XOXO (2016). Alongside her film roles, she also held a recurring role in the TV series The Fosters (2014) and a lead role on CSI: Cyber (2015–16) and Five Points (2018). Kiyoko was a founding member of The Stunners in 2007. The group supported Justin Bieber's My World Tour, before disbanding in 2011. Since, Kiyoko has issued three solo extended plays: A Belle to Remember (2013), This Side of Paradise (2015, which includes the single "Girls Like Girls"), and Citrine (2016). Following singles including "Sleepover", "Feelings", and "Curious" have been released to accompany her debut studio album Expectations, which was released on March 30, 2018. The album reached the top 20 of the charts in United States, Canada and Australia. She has also created a comic book, with the help of Naomi Franquiz and Marla Vazquez, based on her song "Gravel to Tempo".

Latin Empire
abstract: The Empire of Romania (Latin: Imperium Romaniae), more commonly known in historiography as the Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople, and known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia or the Latin Occupation, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. It was established after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and lasted until 1261. The Latin Empire was intended to supplant the Byzantine Empire as the titular Roman Empire in the east, with a Western Roman Catholic emperor enthroned in place of the Eastern Orthodox Roman emperors. Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders, was crowned the first Latin emperor as Baldwin I on 16 May 1204. The Latin Empire failed to attain political or economic dominance over the other Latin powers that had been established in former Byzantine territories in the wake of the Fourth Crusade, especially Venice, and after a short initial period of military successes it went into a steady decline. Weakened by constant warfare with the Bulgarians and the unconquered sections of the empire, it eventually fell when Byzantines recaptured Constantinople under Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos in 1261. The last Latin emperor, Baldwin II, went into exile, but the imperial title survived, with several pretenders to it, until the 14th century.
comment: The Empire of Romania (Latin: Imperium Romaniae), more commonly known in historiography as the Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople, and known to the Byzantines as the Frankokratia or the Latin Occupation, was a feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire. It was established after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and lasted until 1261. The Latin Empire was intended to supplant the Byzantine Empire as the titular Roman Empire in the east, with a Western Roman Catholic emperor enthroned in place of the Eastern Orthodox Roman emperors.

Los Angeles Dodgers minor league players
comment: Below are brief bios of some of the Los Angeles Dodgers' more notable prospects:

Pennsylvania Station (1910–1963)
abstract: Pennsylvania Station was a historic railroad station in New York City, named for the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), its builder and original tenant. The station occupied an 8-acre (3.2 ha) plot bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets in Midtown Manhattan. It was designed by McKim, Mead, and White and completed in 1910. Its head house and train shed were considered a masterpiece of the Beaux-Arts style and one of the great architectural works of New York City. As the terminal shared its name with several stations in other cities, it was sometimes called New York Pennsylvania Station, or Penn Station for short. Passenger traffic began to decline after World War II, and in the 1950s, the Pennsylvania Railroad sold the air rights to the property and shrank the railroad station. Starting in 1963, the above-ground head house and train shed were demolished, a loss that galvanized the modern historic preservation movement. Over the next six years, the below-ground concourses and waiting areas were heavily renovated, becoming the modern Pennsylvania Station, while Madison Square Garden and Pennsylvania Plaza were built above them. The sole remaining portions of the original station are the platforms at the station's lowest level, as well as scattered artifacts on the mezzanine level above it.
comment: Pennsylvania Station was a historic railroad station in New York City, named for the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR), its builder and original tenant. The station occupied an 8-acre (3.2 ha) plot bounded by Seventh and Eighth Avenues and 31st and 33rd Streets in Midtown Manhattan. It was designed by McKim, Mead, and White and completed in 1910. Its head house and train shed were considered a masterpiece of the Beaux-Arts style and one of the great architectural works of New York City. As the terminal shared its name with several stations in other cities, it was sometimes called New York Pennsylvania Station, or Penn Station for short.

Joji (musician)
abstract: George Miller (born 18 September 1992), better known by his stage name Joji and formerly by his YouTube username Filthy Frank, is a Japanese singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and former Internet personality and comedian. Miller's start as an entertainer began on his now defunct YouTube channels, DizastaMusic, TooDamnFilthy, and TVFilthyFrank, that consisted of rap songs, rants, extreme challenges, ukulele performances and a bizarre show titled The Filthy Frank Show, with most of the main characters played by Miller, including the titular character of Filthy Frank. To complement his TVFilthyFrank channel, Miller produced comedy hip hop music under the name Pink Guy, also a zentai-wearing recurring character on The Filthy Frank Show, with his songs featured on the show and his discography spanning two full-length projects and an extended play. Miller's videos had widespread impact, including starting a viral dance craze known as the Harlem Shake, which was directly responsible for the debut of Baauer's "Harlem Shake" song atop the Billboard Hot 100. Many YouTube personalities have made major or cameo appearances on The Filthy Frank Show, including Ethan Klein, iDubbbz, JonTron, Michael Stevens, and PewDiePie. In December 2017, Miller stated he has retired the channel to focus on his music career, under the name Joji, producing more nuanced and serious music, releasing the EP In Tongues, which peaked at number 58 on the Billboard 200, and his debut studio album Ballads 1, which reached number 1 on Billboard's top R&B and hip-hop chart in November 2018. With this, Miller became the first Asian-born artist to do so. Miller's music has been described as a mix between R&B and trip hop.
comment: George Miller (born 18 September 1992), better known by his stage name Joji and formerly by his YouTube username Filthy Frank, is a Japanese singer, songwriter, rapper, record producer, and former Internet personality and comedian.

Durango and Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad
comment: The Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad (D&SNG) is a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge heritage railroad that operates 45.2 miles (72.7 km) of track between Durango and Silverton, in the U.S. state of Colorado. The railway is a federally designated National Historic Landmark and is also designated by the American Society of Civil Engineers as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark.
abstract: The Durango & Silverton Narrow Gauge Railroad (D&SNG) is a 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge heritage railroad that operates 45.2 miles (72.7 km) of track between Durango and Silverton, in the U.S. state of Colorado. The railway is a federally designated National Historic Landmark and is also designated by the American Society of Civil Engineers as a Historic Civil Engineering Landmark. The route was originally opened in 1882 by the Denver & Rio Grande Railway (D&RG) to transport silver and gold ore mined from the San Juan Mountains. The line was an extension of the D&RG 3 ft (914 mm) narrow-gauge line from Antonito, Colorado, to Durango. The last train to operate into Durango from the east was on December 6, 1968. The states of New Mexico and Colorado purchased 64 miles between Antonito and Chama, New Mexico, in 1970 and operates today as the Cumbres & Toltec Scenic Railroad. Trackage between Chama and Durango was removed by 1971. The line from Durango to Silverton has run continuously since 1881, although it is now a tourist and heritage line hauling passengers, and is one of the few places in the U.S. which has seen continuous use of steam locomotives. In March 1981, the Denver & Rio Grande Western sold the line and the D&SNG was formed. Some rolling stock dates back to the 1880s. Trains operate from Durango to the Cascade Wye in the winter months and Durango–Silverton during the summer months. Durango depot was built in January 1882 and has been preserved in its original form.

Joseph O'Donnell Jr.
abstract: Joseph H. O'Donnell, Jr. (May 22, 1925 – December 12, 2005) was the Lieutenant Governor of the U.S. state of Rhode Island from 1967 to 1969. He was a Republican. From 1963 to 1966, he was the Rhode Island State Director of Administration. He is the only Republican elected lieutenant governor of Rhode Island since 1940, though Bernard Jackvony was later appointed to fill a vacancy.

Lands of Lore: The Throne of Chaos
comment: Lands of Lore: The Throne of Chaos is a 1993 role-playing video game developed by Westwood Studios and published by Virgin Games for MS-DOS, the NEC PC-9801, and FM Towns. It was the first installment of the Lands of Lore series. The player travels around various environments, collecting items and battling monsters in an attempt to save the kingdom from a witch named Scotia, who has acquired shapeshifting abilities.
abstract: Lands of Lore: The Throne of Chaos is a 1993 role-playing video game developed by Westwood Studios and published by Virgin Games for MS-DOS, the NEC PC-9801, and FM Towns. It was the first installment of the Lands of Lore series. The player travels around various environments, collecting items and battling monsters in an attempt to save the kingdom from a witch named Scotia, who has acquired shapeshifting abilities. Westwood wanted to create something new after being acquired by Virgin, and it was intended that the game outperform Eye of The Beholder 2. Lands of Lore: The Throne of Chaos received generally positive reviews, with reviewers complimenting the graphics and the skill system, but some criticized its combat and repetitiveness. In 1994, the game was re-released on CD, adding voice-overs, including some by Patrick Stewart. Lands of Lore: The Throne of Chaos was followed by a sequel, Lands of Lore: Guardians of Destiny, in 1997.

Jeffrey Donovan
abstract: Jeffrey Thomas Donovan (born May 11, 1968) is an American actor. He played Michael Westen in the television series Burn Notice, and starred in films such as Hitch, Believe in Me, Changeling and Come Early Morning. He played Robert F. Kennedy in Clint Eastwood's J. Edgar (2011) and his brother John F. Kennedy in Rob Reiner's LBJ. He had a recurring role in the second season of the TV series Fargo (2015).

Nipsey Hussle
abstract: Ermias Joseph Asghedom (August 15, 1985 – March 31, 2019), known professionally as Nipsey Hussle (often stylized as Nipsey Hu$$le), was an American rapper, songwriter, entrepreneur, and community activist from Los Angeles, California. Emerging from the West Coast hip hop scene in the mid-2000s, Hussle initially became known for his numerous mixtapes, including his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series, The Marathon, The Marathon Continues and Crenshaw, the last of which rapper Jay-Z bought 100 copies of for $100 each. After much delay, his debut studio album Victory Lap was released in February 2018 to critical acclaim and commercial success, and was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019. On March 31, 2019, Hussle was fatally shot outside his store, Marathon Clothing, in South Los Angeles. Eric Holder, a 29-year-old man who had confronted Hussle earlier in the day, was arrested and charged with murder on April 2, 2019.
comment: Ermias Joseph Asghedom (August 15, 1985 – March 31, 2019), known professionally as Nipsey Hussle (often stylized as Nipsey Hu$$le), was an American rapper, songwriter, entrepreneur, and community activist from Los Angeles, California. Emerging from the West Coast hip hop scene in the mid-2000s, Hussle initially became known for his numerous mixtapes, including his Bullets Ain't Got No Name series, The Marathon, The Marathon Continues and Crenshaw, the last of which rapper Jay-Z bought 100 copies of for $100 each. After much delay, his debut studio album Victory Lap was released in February 2018 to critical acclaim and commercial success, and was nominated for Best Rap Album at the 61st Annual Grammy Awards in 2019.

Definitely Maybe
comment: Definitely Maybe is the debut studio album by English rock band Oasis. The album was released on 29 August 1994 by Creation Records. It is the band's only studio album to feature original drummer Tony McCarroll.
abstract: Definitely Maybe is the debut studio album by English rock band Oasis. The album was released on 29 August 1994 by Creation Records. It is the band's only studio album to feature original drummer Tony McCarroll. Definitely Maybe was an immediate commercial and critical success in the United Kingdom, having followed on the heels of the singles "Supersonic", "Shakermaker", and "Live Forever". The album went straight to number one in the UK Albums Chart, and became the fastest-selling debut album in the UK at the time; it went on to be certified 7× Platinum (2.1 million+ sales) by the BPI. Definitely Maybe marked the beginning of Oasis' success in the United States, selling over one million copies there despite only peaking at 58 on the Billboard 200. The album went on to sell over 8 million copies worldwide and brought widespread critical acclaim. Definitely Maybe helped to spur a revitalisation in British pop music in the 1990s and was embraced by critics for its optimistic themes and supposed rejection of the grunge music of the time. The album is regarded as a seminal entry of the Britpop scene, and has appeared in many publications' list of the greatest albums of all time. In 2006, the NME conducted a readers' poll in which Definitely Maybe was voted the greatest album of all time.

Volvo B7R
comment: The Volvo B7R is a coach chassis available with a range of bodies. It is promoted as a rear engined lightweight coach chassis. It is primarily intended for tourist and long-distance duties. B7R is also manufactured in China, Brazil, Hungary, India and Iran for use in regional transport services. B7R is powered by Volvo D7E (previously D7A, D7B and D7C) six-cylinder diesel engine with turbocharger and intercooler. The D7E engine produces 290 hp with 1200 Nm of torque between 1050 and 1650 r/min. * Bustech "SBV"-bodied Volvo B7R with Euro 5 specific engine, operated by Busabout Wagga Wagga * * *
abstract: The Volvo B7R is a coach chassis available with a range of bodies. It is promoted as a rear engined lightweight coach chassis. It is primarily intended for tourist and long-distance duties. B7R is also manufactured in China, Brazil, Hungary, India and Iran for use in regional transport services. B7R is powered by Volvo D7E (previously D7A, D7B and D7C) six-cylinder diesel engine with turbocharger and intercooler. The D7E engine produces 290 hp with 1200 Nm of torque between 1050 and 1650 r/min. It comes with a retarder incorporated into the gearbox. The retarder slows down the engine when brakes are applied. Once the engine slows down, disk brakes take over and bring the vehicle to complete stop, almost in an instant. Its frame is a robust steel construction with a flat upper face. A flat upper face simplifies building bus body. It could be built with a maximum length of about 12.5 metres. The B7R is also available as complete buses - the Volvo 7350 (for Mexico), Volvo 9400 (for India) and Volvo 8700. The B7R is the most widely used deluxe long distance bus in India and is employed by not only the state-owned transport corporations of the state of Karnataka, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Bihar and Andhra Pradesh but also by private operators. Volvo also developed a low-floor variant of B7R, known as the Volvo B7RLE, for intercity and city operations. In Brazil, B7R is produced in Curitiba since 1998. The first B7R in the country was imported from Sweden and operated in Curitiba's public transportation as a Direct Line Bus. In 2012, B7R was renamed to B290R (B7RLE was renamed to B290RLE), and is often used in BRS and BRT applications. In the Philippines, B7R is also the basis for the GDW6127HKC and DMMW DM16 (included a Volvo 9800-styled front fascia) manufactured by Autodelta Coach Builders Inc and Del Monte Motor Works. It is similar to the low-end version, also the B7RLE. Meanwhile in Indonesia, the Volvo B7R only presented from 2003 to 2004. But there are many bus comp[cell cut: 3123 characters, first 2000 kept]

MRTC Class 3000
abstract: The MRTC Class 3000, also known as Class 000, is a light rail vehicle built by Czech manufacturer, ČKD Tatra with a model code RT8D5M. It is currently used at Manila Metro Rail Transit System Line 3 and were the last made by ČKD Tatra before it was taken over by Siemens.

Golden-browed warbler
abstract: The golden-browed warbler (Basileuterus belli) is a species of bird in the Parulidae family, the New World warblers.It is found in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Mexico.Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist montane forests.

Legnica
comment: Legnica [lɛɡˈɲit͡sa] () (archaic Polish: Lignica, German: Liegnitz, Czech: Lehnice, Latin: Lignitium) is a city in southwestern Poland, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the Kaczawa River (left tributary of the Oder) and the Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 1975 and 31 December 1998 Legnica was the capital of the Legnica Voivodeship. It is currently the seat of the county and since 1992 the city has been the seat of a Diocese. As of 2012, Legnica had a population of 102,708 inhabitants.
abstract: Legnica [lɛɡˈɲit͡sa] () (archaic Polish: Lignica, German: Liegnitz, Czech: Lehnice, Latin: Lignitium) is a city in southwestern Poland, in the central part of Lower Silesia, on the Kaczawa River (left tributary of the Oder) and the Czarna Woda. Between 1 June 1975 and 31 December 1998 Legnica was the capital of the Legnica Voivodeship. It is currently the seat of the county and since 1992 the city has been the seat of a Diocese. As of 2012, Legnica had a population of 102,708 inhabitants. The city was first referenced in chronicles dating from the year 1004, although previous settlements could be traced back to the 7th century. The name "Legnica" was mentioned in 1149 under High Duke of Poland Bolesław IV the Curly. Legnica was most likely the seat of Bolesław and it became the residence of the High Dukes that ruled the Duchy of Legnica from 1248 until 1675, when it was inherited by the Habsburgs after the death of George William of Silesia. Legnica became renowned for the fierce battle that took place at Legnickie Pole near the city on 9 April 1241 during the Mongol invasion of Europe. The Christian coalition under the command of the Polish Duke Henry II the Pious, supported by nobles, knights, and mercenaries, was decisively defeated by the Mongols. This, however, was a turning point in the war as the Mongols, having killed Henry II, halted their advance into Europe and retreated to Hungary through Moravia. During the High Middle Ages, Legnica was one of the most important cities of Central Europe, having a population of nearly 16,000 inhabitants. The city began to rapidly develop after the sudden discovery of gold in the Kaczawa River between Legnica and the town of Złotoryja. In 1742 the city was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia after King Frederick the Great's victory over Austria in the War of the Austrian Succession. It remained, as a city with a German majority, a part of Germany until the end of World War II, when all Silesia east of the Neisse (Nysa), was[cell cut: 2581 characters, first 2000 kept]

Black-backed swamphen
abstract: The black-backed swamphen (Porphyrio indicus) is a species of swamphen occurring from southeast Asia to Sulawesi and Borneo. It used to be considered a subspecies of the purple swamphen, which it resembles, but has a large shield, black upperparts, and the side of the head is blackish.

Joan Sutherland
comment: Dame Joan Alston Sutherland, OM, AC, DBE (7 November 1926 – 10 October 2010) was an Australian-born coloratura soprano noted for her contribution to the renaissance of the bel canto repertoire from the late 1950s through to the 1980s. She possessed a voice combining extraordinary agility, accurate intonation, "supremely" pinpoint staccatos, a trill and a tremendous upper register, although music critics often complained about the imprecision of her diction.
abstract: Dame Joan Alston Sutherland, OM, AC, DBE (7 November 1926 – 10 October 2010) was an Australian-born coloratura soprano noted for her contribution to the renaissance of the bel canto repertoire from the late 1950s through to the 1980s. She possessed a voice combining extraordinary agility, accurate intonation, "supremely" pinpoint staccatos, a trill and a tremendous upper register, although music critics often complained about the imprecision of her diction. Sutherland was the first Australian to win a Grammy Award, for Best Classical Performance – Vocal Soloist (with or without orchestra) in 1962.

Alstroemeria patagonica
abstract: Alstroemeria patagonica is a species of flowering plant in the family Alstroemeriaceae, native to southern Argentina and southern Chile.

Conor Wilkinson
comment: For the English actor of a similar name see Connor Wilkinson Conor Dominic Geoffrey Wilkinson (born 23 January 1995) is an English-born Irish footballer who plays for Dagenham & Redbridge.

Landmark Bookstores
abstract: Landmark Limited, widely known as Landmark or Landmark bookstore, is a chain of bookstores in India based in Chennai, now wholly owned by Trent LTD. a TATA Enterprise. In August 2005 Trent acquired a 76% controlling stake in Landmark, a Chennai-based privately owned books and music retailer, and completed 100% acquisition in April 2008. Started as an independent bookstore, Landmark Limited became a chain store which primarily offers books, music, movie VCD/DVDs, video game consoles, PC games, video games, console games, video game accessories, toys, and magazines, as well as technology products like mobile phones, tablet computers, mobile phone accessories, cameras, camera accessories, laptops, stationery items, gift items and home products. Landmarkonthenet.com, launched in 2000 and a Chennai-based e-commerce portal owned and operated by Landmark Limited, is an online retailing division of Landmark through which it sells its retail merchandise online.The website has now been closed.
comment: Landmark Limited, widely known as Landmark or Landmark bookstore, is a chain of bookstores in India based in Chennai, now wholly owned by Trent LTD. a TATA Enterprise. In August 2005 Trent acquired a 76% controlling stake in Landmark, a Chennai-based privately owned books and music retailer, and completed 100% acquisition in April 2008. Landmarkonthenet.com, launched in 2000 and a Chennai-based e-commerce portal owned and operated by Landmark Limited, is an online retailing division of Landmark through which it sells its retail merchandise online.The website has now been closed.

List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees
abstract: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, established in 1983 and located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, is dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential musicians, bands, producers, and others that have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the area of rock and roll. Originally, there were four categories of induction: , , , and . In 2000, "" was introduced as a category. The only category that has seen new inductees every single year is the performers category. Artists become eligible for induction in that category 25 years after the release of their first record. In order to be inducted, an artist must be nominated by a committee that selects anywhere from nine to a dozen candidates. Ballots are then sent to 600 "rock experts" who evaluate the candidates and vote on who should be inducted. The performers that receive the highest number of votes and more than 50 percent of the vote are inducted. The rest of the categories are voted on by special committees. As of 2017, new inductees will be honored at an annual ceremony held alternately in New York and at the Hall of Fame in Cleveland; prior to that, the ceremonies rotated between Cleveland, New York, and Los Angeles. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame has garnered criticism for allegedly allowing the nomination process to be controlled by a few individuals, nominating too many artists in too many genres that are not entirely rock, ignoring entire rock genres, and using technicalities to induct groups who may not have been among the top vote getters. The Sex Pistols, who were inducted in 2006, refused to attend the ceremony; John Lydon writing a note, read out by Jann Wenner, calling the museum a "piss stain."
comment: The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame, established in 1983 and located in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, is dedicated to recording the history of some of the best-known and most influential musicians, bands, producers, and others that have in some major way influenced the music industry, particularly in the area of rock and roll. Originally, there were four categories of induction: , , , and . In 2000, "" was introduced as a category.

Siegmund Klein
comment: Siegmund Klein (April 10, 1902 – May 24, 1987) was an American strongman, bodybuilder, magazine publisher, and gymnasium owner prominent in physical culture. He was inducted into the IFBB Hall of Fame in 2006.

Sons of the Harpy
abstract: "Sons of the Harpy" is the fourth episode of the fifth season of HBO's fantasy television series Game of Thrones, and the 44th overall. The episode was written by Dave Hill, and directed by Mark Mylod. It aired on May 3, 2015. Prior to airing, this episode was leaked online along with the first three episodes of the season. The episode received a nomination for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series at the 67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards.

Olive-capped warbler
comment: The olive-capped warbler (Setophaga pityophila) is a species of New World warbler that is native to the western and eastern ends of Cuba as well as Grand Bahama and the Abaco Islands in the Bahamas. Its natural habitat is pine forests and occasionally adjacent mixed forests.

2009–10 AEK Athens F.C. season
abstract: AEK Athens F.C. competes for the fiftifirst consecutive season in the Greek topflight. They will start their European campaign in the UEFA Europa League Play-off round after finishing second in last season's playoffs.

Paratapes undulatus
abstract: Paratapes undulatus, common name undulate venus, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusk in the family Veneridae, the Venus clams.

2018 Kivu Ebola outbreak
abstract: The 2018 Kivu Ebola outbreak began on 1 August 2018, when it was confirmed that four cases had tested positive for Ebola virus in the eastern region of Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The Kivu outbreak included Ituri Province, after the first case was confirmed on 13 August. This outbreak started just days after the end of the outbreak in Équateur province. The affected province and general area are currently undergoing a military conflict, which is hindering treatment and prevention efforts. The World Health Organization's Deputy Director-General for Emergency Preparedness and Response has described the combination of military conflict and civilian distress as a potential "perfect storm" that could lead to a rapid worsening of the outbreak. Health workers also have to deal with fake news and other misinformation spread by opposing politicians. Due to the deteriorating situation in North Kivu and surrounding areas the World Health Organization raised the risk assessment at the national and regional level from "high" to "very high" on 27 September 2018; the outbreak is not considered to be a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. On 3 October, the United Nations Security Council stressed that all armed hostility should come to a stop in the DRC, to better fight the ongoing Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak. For the week ending 14 October, DRC indicated 33 cases of EVD were identified, of which 24 died, in one week. On 9 November, at 319 probable and confirmed cases (not counting suspected cases) the 2018 North Kivu and Ituri province Ebola virus outbreak became the biggest in the DRC's history. By 30 November, the 2018 Kivu Ebola outbreak had become the second biggest EVD outbreak in recorded history, behind only the 2013–2016 West Africa epidemic. On 13 February 2019, the total cases (confirmed, probable and suspected) equalled 1,000 individuals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; it is a cases count ( ≥ 1,000) for a single count[cell cut: 2085 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: The 2018 Kivu Ebola outbreak began on 1 August 2018, when it was confirmed that four cases had tested positive for Ebola virus in the eastern region of Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The Kivu outbreak included Ituri Province, after the first case was confirmed on 13 August. This outbreak started just days after the end of the outbreak in Équateur province.

Shah Faesal
abstract: Dr. Shah Faesal (born 17 May 1983) is an independent politician and former Indian bureaucrat from Jammu and Kashmir. In 2009, he became the first Kashmiri to place first in the Indian Civil Services Examination. He resigned from the Indian bureaucracy in protest on 9 January 2019, citing "unabated killings" in Kashmir among other things. On 4 February 2019, Shah Faesal began his political life by giving a public speech in his hometown of Kupwara. Shortly after on 16 March 2019 he announced that he would be launching his own political party, the Jammu and Kashmir People's Movement (JKPM).

ViEWER
abstract: ViEWER, the Virtual Environment Workbench for Education and Research, is a proprietary, freeware computer program for Microsoft Windows written by researchers at the University of Idaho for the study of visual perception and complex immersive three-dimensional environments. It was created using C++ and OpenGL, and has been used by Dr. Brian Dyre, Dr. Steffen Werner, Dr. Ernesto Bustamante, Dr. Ben Barton, and their undergraduate and graduate researchers in visual perception, signal detection, and child-safety experiments.

1986 in film
comment: The following is an overview of events in 1986 in film, including the highest-grossing films, award ceremonies and festivals, a list of films released and notable deaths.

Alemão (footballer, born 1975)
comment: Cidimar Aparecido Ernegas (born 1 March 1975), commonly known as Alemão, is a Brazilian retired footballer who played as a defensive midfielder, and is the manager of Londrina.

Lucky Luciano
comment: Charles "Lucky" Luciano (, Italian: [luˈtʃaːno]; born Salvatore Lucania Italian: [salvaˈtoːre luˈkaːnja]; November 24, 1897 – January 26, 1962) was an influential Italian-born mobster, criminal mastermind, and crime lord who operated mainly in the United States. Luciano is considered the father of modern organized crime in the United States for the establishment of the first Commission. He was also the first official boss of the modern Genovese crime family. He was, along with his associates, instrumental in the development of the National Crime Syndicate.
abstract: Charles "Lucky" Luciano (, Italian: [luˈtʃaːno]; born Salvatore Lucania Italian: [salvaˈtoːre luˈkaːnja]; November 24, 1897 – January 26, 1962) was an influential Italian-born mobster, criminal mastermind, and crime lord who operated mainly in the United States. Luciano is considered the father of modern organized crime in the United States for the establishment of the first Commission. He was also the first official boss of the modern Genovese crime family. He was, along with his associates, instrumental in the development of the National Crime Syndicate. Luciano was tried and successfully convicted for compulsory prostitution and running a prostitution racket in 1936 after years of investigation by District Attorney Thomas E. Dewey. He was given a thirty-year prison sentence, but during World War II an agreement was struck with the Department of the Navy through his associate Meyer Lansky in order to protect New York's harbors from Axis U-boats. Dewey almost failed to keep his end of the bargain, and it took months to finally come up with a solution to release Luciano. He was deported to live his life freely outside the U.S.

List of highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada
abstract: The following is a list of the highest-grossing films in the United States and Canada, a market known in the film industry as the North American box office and the domestic box office, and where "gross" is defined in US dollars.

Association of Southeast Asian Nations
abstract: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN; AH-see-ahn, AH-zee-ahn) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten countries in Southeast Asia, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration among its members and other countries in Asia. It also regularly engages other countries in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. A major partner of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, ASEAN maintains a global network of alliances and dialogue partners and is considered by many as a global powerhouse, the central union for cooperation in Asia-Pacific, and a prominent and influential organisation. It is involved in numerous international affairs, and hosts diplomatic missions throughout the world.
comment: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN; AH-see-ahn, AH-zee-ahn) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten countries in Southeast Asia, which promotes intergovernmental cooperation and facilitates economic, political, security, military, educational, and sociocultural integration among its members and other countries in Asia. It also regularly engages other countries in the Asia-Pacific region and beyond. A major partner of Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, ASEAN maintains a global network of alliances and dialogue partners and is considered by many as a global powerhouse, the central union for cooperation in Asia-Pacific, and a prominent and influential organisation. It is involved in numerous international affairs, and hosts diplomatic missions throughout t

List of Star Wars characters
comment: This list of characters from the Star Wars franchise contains only those which are considered part of the official Star Wars canon. Some of these characters have additional and alternate plotlines in the Star Wars Legends continuity, and characters found in that body of works are compiled in the list of Star Wars Legends characters.

Gerardo Bruna
abstract: Gerardo Alfredo Bruna Blanco (born 29 January 1991) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Irish club Derry City. He was on the books of Real Madrid and Liverpool as a teenager but never made a senior appearance for either club. He has spent most of his career in the lower leagues of England and Spain, moving frequently. Born in Argentina and raised in Spain, Bruna first represented Spain at a youth international level, before switching to represent his native Argentina.

Lead
abstract: Lead () is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is silvery with a hint of blue; it tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes each include a major decay chain of heavier elements. Lead is a relatively unreactive post-transition metal. Its weak metallic character is illustrated by its amphoteric nature; lead and lead oxides react with acids and bases, and it tends to form covalent bonds. Compounds of lead are usually found in the +2 oxidation state rather than the +4 state common with lighter members of the carbon group. Exceptions are mostly limited to organolead compounds. Like the lighter members of the group, lead tends to bond with itself; it can form chains and polyhedral structures. Lead is easily extracted from its ores; prehistoric people in Western Asia knew of it. Galena, a principal ore of lead, often bears silver, interest in which helped initiate widespread extraction and use of lead in ancient Rome. Lead production declined after the fall of Rome and did not reach comparable levels until the Industrial Revolution. In 2014, the annual global production of lead was about ten million tonnes, over half of which was from recycling. Lead's high density, low melting point, ductility and relative inertness to oxidation make it useful. These properties, combined with its relative abundance and low cost, resulted in its extensive use in construction, plumbing, batteries, bullets and shot, weights, solders, pewters, fusible alloys, white paints, leaded gasoline, and radiation shielding. In the late 19th century, lead's toxicity was recognized, and its use has since been phased out of many applications. However, many countries still allow the sale of products that expose hum[cell cut: 2303 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: Lead () is a chemical element with symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal that is denser than most common materials. Lead is soft and malleable, and also has a relatively low melting point. When freshly cut, lead is silvery with a hint of blue; it tarnishes to a dull gray color when exposed to air. Lead has the highest atomic number of any stable element and three of its isotopes each include a major decay chain of heavier elements.

Bob Hoffman (sports promoter)
abstract: Robert Collins Hoffman (November 9, 1898 – July 18, 1985) was an American entrepreneur who rose to prominence as the owner of York Barbell. He founded magazines such as Muscular Development and Strength & Health, and was the manufacturer of a line of bodybuilding supplements. Hoffman promoted bodybuilders like John Grimek and Sigmund Klein, coached the American Olympic Weightlifting Team between 1936 and 1968, and was a founding member of the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports.

Thomas Partey
comment: Thomas Teye Partey (born 13 June 1993), often simply known as Thomas, is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays for Spanish club Atlético Madrid and the Ghana national team as a defensive midfielder.

Grande Ronde Hospital
comment: Grande Ronde Hospital provides medical services in La Grande, Oregon, United States. Founded and opened in 1907 and re-opened at a new location in 1966, the non-profit hospital offers inpatient care as well as a broad range of diagnostic, surgical, and therapeutic outpatient services. It has a family birthing center and provides home-care and hospice services.
abstract: Grande Ronde Hospital provides medical services in La Grande, Oregon, United States. Founded and opened in 1907 and re-opened at a new location in 1966, the non-profit hospital offers inpatient care as well as a broad range of diagnostic, surgical, and therapeutic outpatient services. It has a family birthing center and provides home-care and hospice services. The hospital is the only one in Union County, which covers 2,038 square miles (5,280 km2) and has a population of more than 25,000. More than 3000 employee work at Grande Ronde Hospital including staffs and professionals. It is accredited by The Joint Commission (TJC) and is a member of the American Small Hospital Association.

Kelly Link
comment: Kelly Link (born 1969) is an American editor and author of short stories. While some of her fiction falls more clearly within genre categories, many of her stories might be described as slipstream or magic realism: a combination of science fiction, fantasy, horror, mystery, and realism. Among other honors, she has won a Hugo award, three Nebula awards, and a World Fantasy Award for her fiction, and she was one of the recipients of the 2018 MacArthur "Genius" Grant.

Alexander McQueen (footballer)
abstract: Alexander Luke N. McQueen (born 24 March 1995) is a professional footballer for Dagenham & Redbridge, and represents the Grenada national football team internationally. Previously McQueen played for Carlisle United.

Nathan Juran
comment: Naftuli "Nathan" Hertz Juran (September 1, 1907, Gura Humorului – October 23, 2002, Palos Verdes Estates, California, USA) was an American film art director, and later film and television director. As an art director, he won the Academy Award for Best Art Direction in 1942 for How Green Was My Valley, along with Richard Day and Thomas Little. His work on The Razor's Edge in 1946 also received an Academy nomination. In the 1950s, he began to direct, and was known for science fiction and fantasy films such as Attack of the 50 Foot Woman. He was also the brother of quality guru Joseph M. Juran.

1994 in film
comment: This is a list of films released in 1994. The top worldwide grosser was The Lion King, becoming the highest-grossing Walt Disney Feature Animation film of all-time, although it was slightly overtaken at the North American domestic box office by Forrest Gump, which won the Academy Award for Best Picture. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer celebrated its 70th Anniversary in 1994.

Brandon Workman
abstract: Brandon Carlin Workman (born August 13, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher with the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). He made his MLB debut in 2013. He both throws and bats right-handed, and is listed at 6 feet 5 inches (1.96 m) and 235 pounds (107 kg).

Shenyang FC-31
abstract: The Shenyang FC-31, also known as the J-31 or Gyrfalcon (Simplified Chinese: 鹘鹰) is a twin-engine, mid-size fifth-generation jet fighter currently under development by Shenyang Aircraft Corporation. It has also been referred to as the "F-60" or "J-21 Snowy Owl" (Simplified Chinese: 雪鸮) in some media reports, or "Falcon Hawk" by some military enthusiasts. J-xx nomenclatures in the Chinese military are reserved to programs launched and financed by the army, while this plane was developed by a state-owned company.

W. Samuel Patten
abstract: W. Samuel Patten is an American political consultant and lobbyist who received international attention in 2018 in relation to the Special Counsel investigation led by former FBI director Robert Mueller. In spring 2018, this was due to Patten's relationship with Konstantin Kilimnik, a subject of the investigation. In summer 2018, attention intensified due to Patten's emergence as a subject of the investigation in his own right, followed by his guilty plea, after being charged in August 2018 with violating the Foreign Agents Registration Act for failing to register as a foreign agent with the Justice Department when he represented the Opposition Bloc, a Ukrainian political party, from 2014 through 2018.

Blue Islands
abstract: Blue Islands Limited is an airline of the Channel Islands. Its head office is in Le Bourg, Forest, Guernsey, and its registered office is in Saint Anne, Alderney. It operates scheduled services from and within the Channel Islands to the United Kingdom and Europe. Its main bases of operation are Guernsey Airport and Jersey Airport. Blue Islands flights now operate under the Flybe brand, following a franchise deal between the two airlines.

List of political ideologies
comment: In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2
abstract: In social studies, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. The popularity of an ideology is in part due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal. An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. democracy or autocracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas. For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology which supports that economic system. The same term may also be used to refer to multiple ideologies and that is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms. While the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are distinct from Marxism–Leninism. Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science". However, ideologies do tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the [cell cut: 3222 characters, first 2000 kept]

Scott Bain
abstract: Scott Bain (born 22 November 1991) is a Scottish footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Celtic. He has previously played for Aberdeen, Elgin City, Alloa Athletic and Dundee.

Baby Phat
abstract: Baby Phat is an Armenian apparel brand developed by model and entrepreneur Kimora Lee Simmons in 1999. The brand is the high-end line of Russell Simmons' Phat Fashions LLC label, and is carried in mid-market department stores, including Macy's and Dillard's. The label caters to female urban wear. In 2004, the label's parent company was acquired by Kellwood Company for $140 million.

Venture capital
comment: Venture capital (VC) is a type of private equity, a form of financing that is provided by firms or funds to small, early-stage, emerging firms that are deemed to have high growth potential, or which have demonstrated high growth (in terms of number of employees, annual revenue, or both). Venture capital firms or funds invest in these early-stage companies in exchange for equity, or an ownership stake, in the companies they invest in. Venture capitalists take on the risk of financing risky start-ups in the hopes that some of the firms they support will become successful. Because startups face high uncertainty, VC investments do have high rates of failure. The start-ups are usually based on an innovative technology or business model and they are usually from the high technology industries, s
abstract: Venture capital (VC) is a type of private equity, a form of financing that is provided by firms or funds to small, early-stage, emerging firms that are deemed to have high growth potential, or which have demonstrated high growth (in terms of number of employees, annual revenue, or both). Venture capital firms or funds invest in these early-stage companies in exchange for equity, or an ownership stake, in the companies they invest in. Venture capitalists take on the risk of financing risky start-ups in the hopes that some of the firms they support will become successful. Because startups face high uncertainty, VC investments do have high rates of failure. The start-ups are usually based on an innovative technology or business model and they are usually from the high technology industries, such as information technology (IT), clean technology or biotechnology. The typical venture capital investment occurs after an initial "seed funding" round. The first round of institutional venture capital to fund growth is called the Series A round. Venture capitalists provide this financing in the interest of generating a return through an eventual "exit" event, such as the company selling shares to the public for the first time in an initial public offering (IPO) or doing a merger and acquisition (also known as a "trade sale") of the company. In addition to Angel investing, equity crowdfunding and other seed funding options, venture capital is attractive for new companies with limited operating history that are too small to raise capital in the public markets and have not reached the point where they are able to secure a bank loan or complete a debt offering. In exchange for the high risk that venture capitalists assume by investing in smaller and early-stage companies, venture capitalists usually get significant control over company decisions, in addition to a significant portion of the companies' ownership (and consequently value). Start-ups like Uber, Airbnb, Flipkart, Xiaomi [cell cut: 2997 characters, first 2000 kept]

Acacia crassicarpa
comment: Acacia crassicarpa (northern wattle, thick-podded salwood, brown salwood, Papua New Guinea red wattle, red wattle; syn. Racosperma crassicarpum (A.Cunn. ex Benth.) Pedley.) is a tree native to Australia (Queensland), West Papua (Indonesia) and Papua New Guinea.

Anoka Technical College
comment: Anoka Technical College is a 2-year technical college in Anoka, Minnesota. It was founded in 1968.

Space Quest 6
comment: Space Quest 6: Roger Wilco in the Spinal Frontier is a point-and-click adventure game developed and published by Sierra On-Line in 1995. It is the sixth and final game in the Space Quest series.

Margit Schramm
comment: Margit Schramm (21 July 1935 – 12 May 1996) was a German soprano in operetta, opera and song. She also appeared as a film actress and hosted a television show. In the 1960s, she became known as an operetta diva (called "Queen of operetta") on stage, German television, in numerous concerts and in films, where she often appeared together with her favourite stage partner, the tenor Rudolf Schock.

Catbert
abstract: Catbert is a fictional cat, and the "evil director of human resources" in the Dilbert comic strip. He was supposed to be a one-time character but resonated with readers so well that Adams brought him back as the HR director.

List of Warner Bros. Television programs
comment: This is a list of television series produced, distributed or owned by Warner Bros. Television. This list also includes shows produced or distributed by Warner Bros. Animation, Warner Horizon Television, Lorimar Television, Telepictures, Castle Rock Entertainment, New Line Television, HBO, WarnerMedia Entertainment, Adult Swim, CNN, Cartoon Network and Boomerang.

Angelique Kerber
comment: Angelique Kerber (German: [ʔandʒɛˈliːk ˈkɛɐ̯bɐ]; born 18 January 1988) is a German professional tennis player. A former world No. 1 and winner of three Grand Slam tournaments, she made her professional debut in 2003 and rose to prominence upon reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the No. 92-ranked player in the world. She ascended to the top of the rankings on 12 September 2016, thus becoming the twenty-second and oldest player to achieve the number-one ranking for the first time and the first new number-one player since Victoria Azarenka in 2012.
abstract: Angelique Kerber (German: [ʔandʒɛˈliːk ˈkɛɐ̯bɐ]; born 18 January 1988) is a German professional tennis player. A former world No. 1 and winner of three Grand Slam tournaments, she made her professional debut in 2003 and rose to prominence upon reaching the semifinals of the 2011 US Open as the No. 92-ranked player in the world. She ascended to the top of the rankings on 12 September 2016, thus becoming the twenty-second and oldest player to achieve the number-one ranking for the first time and the first new number-one player since Victoria Azarenka in 2012. A left-hander known for her counter-punching all-court game, Kerber has won 12 career singles titles across all surfaces on the WTA Tour, including aforementioned three Grand Slam titles, the 2016 Australian Open, the 2016 US Open and the 2018 Wimbledon Championships. She has also won an Olympic silver medal while representing Germany at the 2016 Rio Olympics. Kerber is currently ranked world No. 6 as of 11 February 2019.

Jackie Weatherspoon
comment: Jackie Weatherspoon (born Jacquelyne K. Weatherspoon) is a human rights, civil rights, women's rights activist, advisor, mediator, educator, author, and a public speaker. She has worked in Bosnia-Herzegovina for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe as a mediator. She was a state representative for New Hampshire.
abstract: Jackie Weatherspoon (born Jacquelyne K. Weatherspoon) is a human rights, civil rights, women's rights activist, advisor, mediator, educator, author, and a public speaker. She has worked in Bosnia-Herzegovina for the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe as a mediator. She was a state representative for New Hampshire. She is a member of the United States Civil Rights Commission State Advisory Committee. She has policy field work experience in post conflict countries in Eastern Europe and Africa. Weatherspoon is the founder and CEO of Decisions in Democracy International. The DDI gives training for people seeking to run for public office. Since 1995, Weatherspoon is a Member-at-Large and the Northern New England Coordinator for US Women Connect, a White House Initiative that tracks the progress of Women and Girls World Conference on Women, 1995. It is an every five year initiative that documents the progress of women and girls which is in accord with the National Platform for Action Beijing protocols.

Compas
comment: Compas (Haitian Creole: konpa), or kompa, is a dance music and modern méringue in Haiti with African roots. The genre was popularized following the 1955 creation of the band Conjunto International by Nemours Jean-Baptiste. Compas is the main music of many countries such as Dominica and the French Antilles, etc. Whether it is called zouk where French Antilles artists of Martinique and Guadeloupe have taken it or compas in places where Haitian artists have toured, this méringue style is very influential in the Caribbean, Africa, Cape Verde, Portugal, France, part of Canada, South and North America.

Rob McElhenney
abstract: Robert McElhenney (born April 14, 1977) is an actor, director, producer, and screenwriter. He is known for playing Mac on the FX/FXX comedy series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. He is also one of the developers, executive producers, and the creator of the show, which has provided him with writing and directing credits on various episodes.

Combustion
comment: Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combustion in a fire produces a flame, and the heat produced can make combustion self-sustaining. Combustion is often a complicated sequence of elementary radical reactions. Solid fuels, such as wood and coal, first undergo endothermic pyrolysis to produce gaseous fuels whose combustion then supplies the heat required to produce more of them. Combustion is often hot enough that incandescent light in the form of either glowing or a flame is produced. A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen into water vapor, a reaction commonly used
abstract: Combustion, or burning, is a high-temperature exothermic redox chemical reaction between a fuel (the reductant) and an oxidant, usually atmospheric oxygen, that produces oxidized, often gaseous products, in a mixture termed as smoke. Combustion in a fire produces a flame, and the heat produced can make combustion self-sustaining. Combustion is often a complicated sequence of elementary radical reactions. Solid fuels, such as wood and coal, first undergo endothermic pyrolysis to produce gaseous fuels whose combustion then supplies the heat required to produce more of them. Combustion is often hot enough that incandescent light in the form of either glowing or a flame is produced. A simple example can be seen in the combustion of hydrogen and oxygen into water vapor, a reaction commonly used to fuel rocket engines. This reaction releases 242 kJ/mol of heat and reduces the enthalpy accordingly (at constant temperature and pressure): 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(g) Combustion of an organic fuel in air is always exothermic because the double bond in O2 is much weaker than other double bonds or pairs of single bonds, and therefore the formation of the stronger bonds in the combustion products CO2 and H2O results in the release of energy. The bond energies in the fuel play only a minor role, since they are similar to those in the combustion products; e.g., the sum of the bond energies of CH4 is nearly the same as that of CO2. The heat of combustion is approximately -418 kJ per mole of O2 used up in the combustion reaction, and can be estimated from the elemental composition of the fuel. Uncatalyzed combustion in air requires fairly high temperatures. Complete combustion is stoichiometric with respect to the fuel, where there is no remaining fuel, and ideally, no remaining oxidant. Thermodynamically, the chemical equilibrium of combustion in air is overwhelmingly on the side of the products. However, complete combustion is almost impossible to achieve, since the chemical equilibri[cell cut: 3804 characters, first 2000 kept]

Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles
abstract: The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) is a series of vehicles, based on a common chassis, that vary by payload and mission requirements. The FMTV is derived from the Austrian Steyr 12 M 18 truck, but substantially modified to meet U.S. Army requirements, these including a minimum 50 per cent U.S. content. There were originally 17 FMTV variants — four variants in the nominal 2.5 U.S. ton payload class, designated Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV), and 13 variants with a nominal 5 U.S. ton payload rating, called Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV). Since the first FMTVs were fielded in January 1996 the family has been expanded and the overall design enhanced considerably. The FMTV was originally manufactured by Stewart and Stevenson (1996-2006), then by Armor Holdings (2006-2007), then by what is now BAE Systems Platforms & Services until 2011. It is currently manufactured by Oshkosh Corporation. On 13 October 2016 the U.S. Army solicited proposals for the FMTV A2 rebuy competition. On 7 February 2018 the U.S. Army announced the FMTV A2 contract had been awarded to Oshkosh Defense.
comment: The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) is a series of vehicles, based on a common chassis, that vary by payload and mission requirements. The FMTV is derived from the Austrian Steyr 12 M 18 truck, but substantially modified to meet U.S. Army requirements, these including a minimum 50 per cent U.S. content. There were originally 17 FMTV variants — four variants in the nominal 2.5 U.S. ton payload class, designated Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV), and 13 variants with a nominal 5 U.S. ton payload rating, called Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV).

2012 Slovenian presidential election
abstract: Presidential elections were held in Slovenia on 11 November 2012, with a run-off held on 2 December 2012. Slovenia's 1.7 million registered voters chose between the incumbent president Danilo Türk, the SDS/NSi party candidate Milan Zver and Borut Pahor of the Social Democrats who was also supported by the Civic List. The first round was won, contrary to the opinion poll predictions, by Pahor, with Türk placing second. In the run-off election, Pahor won with roughly two thirds of the vote.

List of programs broadcast by Nine Network
abstract: The following list of programs are currently broadcast by the Nine Network / 9HD, 9Go!, 9Gem, 9Life and their regional affiliates, including Channel Nine Regional and Imparja as well as catch-up service 9Now, with former programming on WIN Television (1989–2016). Some affiliate stations have alternate schedules and may air programs at different times.

Messianic Judaism
comment: Messianic Judaism is a modern syncretic religious movement that combines Christianity—most importantly, the belief that Jesus is the Messiah—with elements of Judaism and Jewish tradition. It emerged in the 1960s and 1970s.
abstract: Messianic Judaism is a modern syncretic religious movement that combines Christianity—most importantly, the belief that Jesus is the Messiah—with elements of Judaism and Jewish tradition. It emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. Messianic Jews believe that Jesus is the Jewish Messiah and "God the Son" (one person of the Trinity), and that the Tanakh and New Testament are the authoritative scriptures. Salvation in Messianic Judaism is achieved only through acceptance of Jesus as one's savior, and Jewish laws or customs which are followed do not contribute to salvation. Belief in the messiahship of Jesus, his power to save, and his divinity are considered by Jewish authorities to be the defining distinctions between Christianity and Judaism. Other Christian groups usually accept Messianic Judaism as a form of Christianity. Many adherents of Messianic Judaism are ethnically Jewish and argue that the movement is a sect of Judaism. Many refer to themselves in Hebrew as maaminim (believers), not converts, and yehudim (Jews), not notzrim (Christians). Jewish organizations and the Supreme Court of Israel have rejected this claim in cases related to the Law of Return, and instead consider Messianic Judaism to be a form of Christianity. From 2003 to 2007, the movement grew from 150 Messianic houses of worship in the United States to as many as 438, with over 100 in Israel and more worldwide; congregations are often affiliated with larger Messianic organizations or alliances. As of 2012, population estimates for the United States were between 175,000 and 250,000 members, between 10,000 and 20,000 members for Israel, and an estimated total worldwide membership of 350,000.

List of irredentist claims or disputes
abstract: Not all territorial disputes are irredentist, although they are often couched in irredentist rhetoric to justify and legitimise such claims both internationally and within the country.

The Price Is Right models
abstract: The American television game show The Price Is Right has, since its 1972 relaunch, employed a number of models to showcase the prizes and items that are given away on the show. From 1972 to 2007, the group was referred to as "Barker's Beauties", in reference to Bob Barker, who hosted the show during that period.

Gary Harkins
abstract: Gary Harkins (born 2 January 1985) is a Scottish professional footballer, who plays as a midfielder for Partick Thistle. Harkins has also previously played for Blackburn Rovers, Huddersfield Town, Bury, Blackpool, Grimsby Town, Dundee (three spells), Kilmarnock, St Mirren, Oldham Athletic, Ayr United, Greenock Morton and Queen of the South.

Oshkosh M-ATV
abstract: The Oshkosh M-ATV is a Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle developed by the Oshkosh Corporation for the MRAP All Terrain Vehicle (M-ATV) program. Intended to replace M1114 HMMWVs, it is designed to provide the same levels of protection as the larger and heavier previous MRAPs but with improved mobility.

Earl of Thomond
abstract: Earl of Thomond was an hereditary title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created twice for the O'Brien dynasty which was an ancient Irish sept native to north Munster.

Jacquie O'Sullivan
abstract: Jacquie O'Sullivan (born 7 August 1960 in Hendon, London) is an English singer and songwriter.

Vauxhall Slant-4 engine
abstract: The Vauxhall Slant-4 (or Slant Four) is an inline four-cylinder petrol car engine manufactured by Vauxhall Motors. Unveiled in 1966, it was one of the first production overhead camshaft designs to use a timing belt to drive the camshaft. The Slant-4 block was used as a development mule for the Lotus 900 series of engines. Vauxhall used the engine in a variety of models until production ended in 1983.

Harp seal
abstract: The harp seal or saddleback seal, Pagophilus groenlandicus is a species of earless seal, or true seal, native to the northernmost Atlantic Ocean and Arctic Ocean. Originally in the genus Phoca with a number of other species, it was reclassified into the monotypic genus Pagophilus in 1844. In Latin, its scientific name translates to "ice-lover from Greenland," and its taxonomic synonym, Phoca groenlandica translates to "Greenlandic seal."

Macy Miller
abstract: Macy Miller is a basketball player. She was drafted with the last pick (36th overall) in the 2019 WNBA Draft by the Seattle Storm. She played college basketball at South Dakota State, reaching four NCAA tournaments.

George F. Jowett
comment: For the cricketer, see George Jowett. George F. Jowett (1891-1969) was an English-born Canadian strongman, weightlifter, magazine editor and author. He was a co-founder of the American Continental Weightlifting Association, the editor of Strength magazine, and the president of the Jowett Institute. He became known as "The Father of American Weightlifting."

Keir O'Donnell
abstract: Keir O'Donnell (born 8 November 1978) is an Australian-born American actor, best known for his roles in the films Wedding Crashers, The Break-Up, Paul Blart: Mall Cop and American Sniper as well as numerous television appearances.

Stone (unit)
abstract: The stone or stone weight (abbreviation: st.) is an English and imperial unit of mass now equal to 14 pounds (6.35029318 kg). England and other Germanic-speaking countries of northern Europe formerly used various standardised "stones" for trade, with their values ranging from about 5 to 40 local pounds (roughly 3 to 15 kg) depending on the location and objects weighed. The United Kingdom's imperial system adopted the wool stone of 14 pounds in 1835. With the advent of metrication, Europe's various "stones" were superseded by or adapted to the kilogram from the mid-19th century on. The stone continues in customary use in Britain and Ireland used for measuring body weight, but was prohibited for commercial use in the UK by the Weights and Measures Act of 1985.

Rupert Vansittart
abstract: Rupert Nicholas Vansittart (born 10 February 1958) is an English character actor. He has appeared in a variety of roles in film, television, stage and radio, often playing comic characters. He is best known for his role as Lord Ashfordly in the ITV drama Heartbeat and for playing Lord Yohn Royce in the HBO series Game of Thrones in season 4, season 5, season 6, and season 7.

Maria Callas
comment: Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; Greek: Μαρία Κάλλας; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977) was an American-born Greek soprano. She was one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century. Many critics praised her bel canto technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations. Her repertoire ranged from classical opera seria to the bel canto operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner. Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as La Divina.
abstract: Maria Callas, Commendatore OMRI (; Greek: Μαρία Κάλλας; December 2, 1923 – September 16, 1977) was an American-born Greek soprano. She was one of the most renowned and influential opera singers of the 20th century. Many critics praised her bel canto technique, wide-ranging voice and dramatic interpretations. Her repertoire ranged from classical opera seria to the bel canto operas of Donizetti, Bellini and Rossini and further, to the works of Verdi and Puccini; and, in her early career, to the music dramas of Wagner. Her musical and dramatic talents led to her being hailed as La Divina. Born in New York City to Greek immigrant parents, she was raised by an overbearing mother who had wanted a son. Maria received her musical education in Greece at age 13 and later established her career in Italy. Forced to deal with the exigencies of 1940s wartime poverty and with near-sightedness that left her nearly blind onstage, she endured struggles and scandal over the course of her career. She turned herself from a heavy woman into a svelte and glamorous one after a mid-career weight loss, which might have contributed to her vocal decline and the premature end of her career. The press exulted in publicizing Callas's temperamental behavior, her with Renata Tebaldi and her love affair with Greek shipping tycoon Aristotle Onassis. Although her dramatic life and personal tragedy have often overshadowed Callas the artist in the popular press, her artistic achievements were such that Leonard Bernstein called her "the Bible of opera" and her influence so enduring that, in 2006, Opera News wrote of her: "Nearly thirty years after her death, she's still the definition of the diva as artist—and still one of classical music's best-selling vocalists."

Java bytecode
abstract: Java bytecode is the instruction set of the Java virtual machine (JVM).

Xbox One
comment: Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft. Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family. It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and South America in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014. It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone. Microsoft marketed the device as an "all-in-one entertainment system", hence the name 'Xbox One'. The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch.
abstract: Xbox One is a line of eighth generation home video game consoles developed by Microsoft. Announced in May 2013, it is the successor to Xbox 360 and the third console in the Xbox family. It was first released in North America, parts of Europe, Australia, and South America in November 2013, and in Japan, China, and other European countries in September 2014. It is the first Xbox game console to be released in China, specifically in the Shanghai Free-Trade Zone. Microsoft marketed the device as an "all-in-one entertainment system", hence the name 'Xbox One'. The Xbox One line mainly competes against consoles such as Sony's PlayStation 4 and Nintendo's Wii U and Switch. Moving away from its predecessor's PowerPC-based architecture, Xbox One marks a shift back to the x86 architecture used in the original Xbox; it features an AMD Accelerated Processing Unit (APU) built around the x86-64 instruction set. Xbox One's controller was redesigned over the Xbox 360's, with a redesigned body, D-pad, and triggers capable of delivering directional haptic feedback. The console places an increased emphasis on cloud computing, as well as social networking features, and the ability to record and share video clips or screenshots from gameplay, or live-stream directly to streaming services such as Mixer and Twitch. Games can also be played off-console via a local area network on supported Windows 10 devices. The console can play Blu-ray Disc, and overlay live television programming from an existing set-top box or a digital tuner for digital terrestrial television with an enhanced program guide. The console optionally included a redesigned Kinect sensor, marketed as the "Kinect 2.0", providing improved motion tracking and voice recognition. Xbox One received mostly positive reviews for its refined controller design, multimedia features, and voice navigation. Its quieter and cooler design was praised for making the console more reliable than its predecessor on-launch, but the console was ge[cell cut: 2969 characters, first 2000 kept]

RX 100 (film)
comment: RX 100 is a 2018 Indian Telugu-language action drama film written and directed by Ajay Bhupathi. The film stars Kartikeya Gummakonda and Payal Rajput in the lead roles. Rao Ramesh and Ramki were cast in supporting roles with Ajay Bhupathi as director.

Tyler Thornburg
comment: Tyler Michael Thornburg (born September 29, 1988) is an American professional baseball pitcher for the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball (MLB). Listed at 5 feet 11 inches (1.80 m) and 190 pounds (86 kg), he both throws and bats right-handed. He played for the Milwaukee Brewers from 2012 through 2016.

Drake (musician)
abstract: Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, and entrepreneur. Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi: The Next Generation in the early 2000s. Intent on pursuing a career in music, he left the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape, Room for Improvement. He released two further independent projects, Comeback Season and So Far Gone, before signing to Lil Wayne's Young Money Entertainment in June 2009. Drake released his debut studio album Thank Me Later in 2010, which debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 and was soon certified platinum. His next two releases, 2011's Take Care and 2013's Nothing Was the Same, were critically and commercially successful; the former earned him his first Grammy Award for Best Rap Album. In 2015, he released two mixtapes—the trap-influenced If You're Reading This It's Too Late and a collaboration with Future titled What a Time to Be Alive—both of which earned platinum certification in the U.S. His fourth album, Views (2016), broke several chart records. The dancehall-influenced album sat atop the Billboard 200 for 13 nonconsecutive weeks, becoming the first album by a male solo artist to do so in over 10 years. The album's second single, "One Dance", topped the charts in several countries, and became his first number-one single as a lead artist. That year, Drake led both the Billboard Hot 100 and the Billboard 200 charts simultaneously for eight weeks. Views achieved quadruple platinum status in the US, and earned over 1 million album-equivalent units in the first week of its release. Its lead single "Hotline Bling" peaked at number two on the Hot 100 and received Grammy Awards for Best Rap/Sung Performance and Best Rap Song. In 2017, he released the mixtape More Life. Described by Drake as a "playlist", it became his seventh consecutive number one on the Billboard 200, and set multiple streaming records. A year[cell cut: 3165 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: Aubrey Drake Graham (born October 24, 1986) is a Canadian rapper, singer, songwriter, actor, and entrepreneur. Drake initially gained recognition as an actor on the teen drama television series Degrassi: The Next Generation in the early 2000s. Intent on pursuing a career in music, he left the series in 2007 following the release of his debut mixtape, Room for Improvement. He released two further independent projects, Comeback Season and So Far Gone, before signing to Lil Wayne's Young Money Entertainment in June 2009.

The Great Game
abstract: "The Great Game" was a political and diplomatic confrontation that existed for most of the nineteenth century between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighbouring territories in Central and Southern Asia. Russia was fearful of British commercial and military inroads into Central Asia, and Britain was fearful of Russia adding "the jewel in the crown", India, to the vast empire that Russia was building in Asia. This resulted in an atmosphere of distrust and the constant threat of war between the two empires. Britain made it a high priority to protect all the approaches to India, and the "great game" is primarily how the British did this in terms of a possible Russian threat. Historians with access to the archives have concluded that Russia had no plans involving India, as the Russians repeatedly stated. The Great Game began on 12 January 1830 when Lord Ellenborough, the President of the Board of Control for India, tasked Lord William Bentinck, the Governor-General, to establish a new trade route to the Emirate of Bukhara. Britain intended to gain control over the Emirate of Afghanistan and make it a protectorate, and to use the Ottoman Empire, the Persian Empire, the Khanate of Khiva, and the Emirate of Bukhara as buffer states between both empires. This would protect India and also key British sea trade routes by stopping Russia from gaining a port on the Persian Gulf or the Indian Ocean. Russia proposed Afghanistan as the neutral zone. The results included the failed First Anglo-Afghan War of 1838, the First Anglo-Sikh War of 1845, the Second Anglo-Sikh War of 1848, the Second Anglo-Afghan War of 1878, and the annexation of Khiva, Bukhara, and Kokand by Russia. Historians consider the end of the Great Game to be 10 September 1895 signing of the Pamir Boundary Commission protocols, when the border between Afghanistan and the Russian empire was defined. The 1901 novel Kim by Rudyard Kipling made the term popular and introduced the new im[cell cut: 2109 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: "The Great Game" was a political and diplomatic confrontation that existed for most of the nineteenth century between the British Empire and the Russian Empire over Afghanistan and neighbouring territories in Central and Southern Asia. Russia was fearful of British commercial and military inroads into Central Asia, and Britain was fearful of Russia adding "the jewel in the crown", India, to the vast empire that Russia was building in Asia. This resulted in an atmosphere of distrust and the constant threat of war between the two empires. Britain made it a high priority to protect all the approaches to India, and the "great game" is primarily how the British did this in terms of a possible Russian threat. Historians with access to the archives have concluded that Russia had no plans involvin

Throne
abstract: A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or dignitary, especially the seat occupied by a sovereign on state occasions; or the seat occupied by a pope or bishop on ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy or the Crown itself, an instance of metonymy, and is also used in many expressions such as "the power behind the throne". The expression "ascend (mount) the throne" takes its meaning from the steps leading up to the dais or platform, on which the throne is placed, being formerly comprised in the word's significance. When used in a political or governmental sense, throne typically refers to a civilization, nation, tribe, or other politically designated group that is organized or governed under an authoritarian system. Throughout much of human history societies have been governed under authoritarian systems, in particular dictatorial or autocratic systems, resulting in a wide variety of thrones that have been used by given heads of state. These have ranged from stools in places such as a Africa to ornate chairs and bench-like designs in Europe and Asia, respectively. Often, but not always, a throne is tied to a philosophical or religious ideology held by the nation or people in question, which serves a dual role in unifying the people under the reigning monarch and connecting the monarch upon the throne to his or her predecessors, who sat upon the throne previously. Accordingly, many thrones are typically held to have been constructed or fabricated out of rare or hard to find materials that may be valuable or important to the land in question. Depending on the size of the throne in question it may be large and ornately designed as an emplaced instrument of a nation's power, or it may be a symbolic chair with little or no precious materials incorporated into the design. When used in a religious sense, throne can refer to one of two distinct uses. The first use derives from the practice in churches of having a bishop or high[cell cut: 3552 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: A throne is the seat of state of a potentate or dignitary, especially the seat occupied by a sovereign on state occasions; or the seat occupied by a pope or bishop on ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy or the Crown itself, an instance of metonymy, and is also used in many expressions such as "the power behind the throne". The expression "ascend (mount) the throne" takes its meaning from the steps leading up to the dais or platform, on which the throne is placed, being formerly comprised in the word's significance.

Anna Wintour
comment: Dame Anna Wintour (; born 3 November 1949) is a British-American journalist and editor who has been editor-in-chief of Vogue since 1988 and artistic director for Condé Nast, Vogue's publisher, since 2013. With her trademark pageboy bob haircut and dark sunglasses, Wintour has become an important figure in much of the fashion world, widely praised for her eye for fashion trends and her support for younger designers. Her reportedly aloof and demanding personality has earned her the nickname "Nuclear Wintour".
abstract: Dame Anna Wintour (; born 3 November 1949) is a British-American journalist and editor who has been editor-in-chief of Vogue since 1988 and artistic director for Condé Nast, Vogue's publisher, since 2013. With her trademark pageboy bob haircut and dark sunglasses, Wintour has become an important figure in much of the fashion world, widely praised for her eye for fashion trends and her support for younger designers. Her reportedly aloof and demanding personality has earned her the nickname "Nuclear Wintour". Her father, Charles Wintour, editor of the London Evening Standard (1959–76), consulted her on how to make the newspaper relevant to the youth of the era. She became interested in fashion as a teenager. Her career in fashion journalism began at two British magazines. Later, she moved to the US, with stints at New York and House & Garden. She returned to London and was the editor of British Vogue between 1985 and 1987. A year later, she assumed control of the franchise's magazine in New York, reviving what many saw as a stagnating publication. Her use of the magazine to shape the fashion industry has been the subject of debate within it. Animal rights activists have attacked her for promoting fur, while other critics have charged her with using the magazine to promote elitist views of femininity and beauty. A former personal assistant, Lauren Weisberger, wrote the 2003 bestselling roman à clef The Devil Wears Prada, later made into a successful film starring Meryl Streep as Miranda Priestly, a fashion editor, believed to be based on Wintour. In 2009, she was the focus of another film, R. J. Cutler's documentary The September Issue.

Mike Watt
comment: Michael David Watt (born December 20, 1957) is an American bassist, vocalist and songwriter. He is best known for co-founding and playing bass guitar for the rock bands Minutemen, Dos, and Firehose. He is also the frontman for the supergroup Big Walnuts Yonder, a member of the art rock group Banyan and involved with several other musical projects. From 2003 until 2013, he was the bass guitarist for The Stooges. In November 2008, Watt received the Bass Player Magazine lifetime achievement award, presented by Flea.
abstract: Michael David Watt (born December 20, 1957) is an American bassist, vocalist and songwriter. He is best known for co-founding and playing bass guitar for the rock bands Minutemen, Dos, and Firehose. He is also the frontman for the supergroup Big Walnuts Yonder, a member of the art rock group Banyan and involved with several other musical projects. From 2003 until 2013, he was the bass guitarist for The Stooges. CMJ New Music called Watt a "seminal post-punk bass player." Readers of NME voted Mike Watt one of the "40 Greatest Bassists Of All Time" and LA Weekly awarded him the number six spot in "The 20 Best Bassists of All Time." In November 2008, Watt received the Bass Player Magazine lifetime achievement award, presented by Flea.

Nicolae Stanciu (footballer, born 1993)
abstract: Nicolae "Nicușor" Claudiu Stanciu (Romanian pronunciation: [nikoˈla.e klaˈudju ˈstant͡ʃju]; born 7 May 1993) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays for Saudi club Al-Ahli and the Romania national team as an attacking midfielder or a winger. Stanciu began his career with Unirea Alba Iulia, going on to represent in his country Vaslui and Steaua București, winning six domestic honours and making a name for himself with the latter. He moved abroad to Anderlecht in the summer of 2016, becoming the most expensive signing made by a Belgian club, but transferred to Sparta Prague only one and a half year later for another internal record fee. Stanciu made his senior international debut for Romania in March 2016, after having previously represented it at under-19 and under-21 levels. He participated with the nation at the UEFA Euro 2016.
comment: Nicolae "Nicușor" Claudiu Stanciu (Romanian pronunciation: [nikoˈla.e klaˈudju ˈstant͡ʃju]; born 7 May 1993) is a Romanian professional footballer who plays for Saudi club Al-Ahli and the Romania national team as an attacking midfielder or a winger. Stanciu made his senior international debut for Romania in March 2016, after having previously represented it at under-19 and under-21 levels. He participated with the nation at the UEFA Euro 2016.

Tucumcari, New Mexico
comment: Tucumcari (pronounced like "TWO-come-carry") is a city in and the county seat of Quay County, New Mexico, United States. The population was 5,363 at the 2010 census. Tucumcari was founded in 1901, two years before Quay County was founded.

Indian Air Force
abstract: The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its complement of personnel and aircraft assets ranks fourth amongst the air forces of the world. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflict. It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British Empire which honoured India's aviation service during World War II with the prefix Royal. After India gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the name Royal Indian Air Force was kept and served in the name of Dominion of India. With the government's transition to a Republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed after only three years. Since 1950 the IAF has been involved in four wars with neighboring Pakistan and one with the People's Republic of China. Other major operations undertaken by the IAF include Operation Vijay, Operation Meghdoot, Operation Cactus and Operation Poomalai. The IAF's mission expands beyond engagement with hostile forces, with the IAF participating in United Nations peacekeeping missions. The President of India holds the rank of Supreme Commander of the IAF. As of 1 July 2017, 139,576 personnel are in service with the Indian Air Force. The Chief of Air Staff, an air chief marshal, is a four-star officer and is responsible for the bulk of operational command of the Air Force. There is never more than one serving ACM at any given time in the IAF. The rank of Marshal of the Air Force has been conferred by the President of India on one occasion in history, to Arjan Singh. On 26 January 2002 Singh became the first and so far, only five-star rank officer of the IAF.
comment: The Indian Air Force (IAF) is the air arm of the Indian Armed Forces. Its complement of personnel and aircraft assets ranks fourth amongst the air forces of the world. Its primary mission is to secure Indian airspace and to conduct aerial warfare during armed conflict. It was officially established on 8 October 1932 as an auxiliary air force of the British Empire which honoured India's aviation service during World War II with the prefix Royal. After India gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1947, the name Royal Indian Air Force was kept and served in the name of Dominion of India. With the government's transition to a Republic in 1950, the prefix Royal was removed after only three years.

Russian Turkestan
comment: Russian Turkestan (Russian: Русский Туркестан, translit. Russkiy Turkestan) was the western part of Turkestan within the Russian Empire (administered as a Krai or Governor-Generalship), comprising the oasis region to the south of the Kazakh Steppe, but not the protectorates of the Emirate of Bukhara and the Khanate of Khiva.

Louisiana Purchase
abstract: The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane 'Sale of Louisiana') was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory of New France (828,000 sq mi (2,140,000 km2; 530,000,000 acres)) by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs ($11,250,000) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ($3,750,000) for a total of sixty-eight million francs ($15 million, equivalent to about $600 billion given the GDP of 2017). The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The territory contained land that forms Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; a large portion of North Dakota; a large portion of South Dakota; the northeastern section of New Mexico; the northern portion of Texas; the area of Montana, Wyoming, and Colorado east of the Continental Divide; Louisiana west of the Mississippi River (plus New Orleans); and small portions of land within the present Canadian provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan. Its non-native population was around 60,000 inhabitants, of whom half were African slaves. The Kingdom of France controlled the Louisiana territory from 1699 until it was ceded to Spain in 1762. In 1800, Napoleon, then the First Consul of the French Republic, hoping to re-establish an empire in North America, regained ownership of Louisiana. However, France's failure to put down the revolt in Saint-Domingue, coupled with the prospect of renewed warfare with the United Kingdom, prompted Napoleon to sell Louisiana to the United States to fund his military. The Americans originally sought to purchase only the port city of New Orleans and its adjacent coastal lands, but quickly accepted the bargain. The Louisiana Purchase occurred during the term of the third President of the United States, Thomas Jefferson. Before the purchase was finalized, the decision faced Federalist Party opposition; they argued that it [cell cut: 2235 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: The Louisiana Purchase (French: Vente de la Louisiane 'Sale of Louisiana') was the acquisition of the Louisiana territory of New France (828,000 sq mi (2,140,000 km2; 530,000,000 acres)) by the United States from France in 1803. The U.S. paid fifty million francs ($11,250,000) and a cancellation of debts worth eighteen million francs ($3,750,000) for a total of sixty-eight million francs ($15 million, equivalent to about $600 billion given the GDP of 2017). The Louisiana territory included land from fifteen present U.S. states and two Canadian provinces. The territory contained land that forms Arkansas, Missouri, Iowa, Oklahoma, Kansas, and Nebraska; the portion of Minnesota west of the Mississippi River; a large portion of North Dakota; a large portion of South Dakota; the northeastern se

The Secret Garden
abstract: The Secret Garden is a novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett first published in book form in 1911 following the publication in 1910 of a serial version in a US magazine. Set in England, it is one of Burnett's most popular novels and is considered a classic of English children's literature. Several stage and film adaptations have been made. The American edition was published by Stokes with illustrations by Maria Louise Kirk (signed as M. L. Kirk) and the British edition by Heinemann with illustrations by Charles Heath Robinson.

41st Annual Grammy Awards
comment: The 41st Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 24, 1999, at Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1998. Lauryn Hill was the main recipient, winning a total of 5 awards including Album of the Year and Best New Artist. Her album was the first Hip Hop act ever to win the coveted award. The ceremony was known as the "Grammy Year of Women", because every artist nominated for Album of the Year was female (including Garbage, with Shirley Manson as the lead singer). Madonna won four awards and opened the show with her performance of "Nothing Really Matters" while musicians the Dixie Chicks, Vince Gill, Alanis Morissette & Shania Twain won two apiece. Celine Dion also received two awards both for "My Heart Will Go On", which received a total
abstract: The 41st Annual Grammy Awards were held on February 24, 1999, at Shrine Auditorium, Los Angeles. They recognized accomplishments by musicians from the year 1998. Lauryn Hill was the main recipient, winning a total of 5 awards including Album of the Year and Best New Artist. Her album was the first Hip Hop act ever to win the coveted award. The ceremony was known as the "Grammy Year of Women", because every artist nominated for Album of the Year was female (including Garbage, with Shirley Manson as the lead singer). Madonna won four awards and opened the show with her performance of "Nothing Really Matters" while musicians the Dixie Chicks, Vince Gill, Alanis Morissette & Shania Twain won two apiece. Celine Dion also received two awards both for "My Heart Will Go On", which received a total of four awards.It is widely remembered for Ricky Martin's performance of "La Copa De La Vida"/ "The Cup of Life".

Miss Earth 2018
comment: Miss Earth 2018 was the 18th edition of the Miss Earth pageant with the theme "Goddesses of the Earth", held on November 3, 2018 at Mall of Asia Arena in Pasay, Metro Manila, Philippines. Karen Ibasco of the Philippines crowned Nguyen Phuong Khanh of Vietnam as her successor. This is the first time Vietnam won the Miss Earth pageant.

10,000 BC (film)
abstract: 10,000 BC is a 2008 American epic adventure film from Warner Bros. set in the prehistoric era, about the journeys of a prehistoric tribe of mammoth hunters. It was directed by Roland Emmerich and stars Steven Strait and Camilla Belle. The world premiere was held on February 10, 2008 at Sony Center on Potsdamer Platz in Berlin. Emmerich's film was a box office hit, but consistently regarded by professional critics as his worst film, as well as one of the worst films of the year.

Karabiner 98k
comment: The Karabiner 98 kurz (German: [kaʁaˈbiːnɐ ˌʔaxtʔʊntˈnɔʏntsɪç ˈkʊɐ̯ts]; "carbine 98 short", often abbreviated Kar98k or K98k and often incorrectly referred to as a “K98” (which was a Polish Carbine) is a bolt-action rifle chambered for the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge that was adopted on 21 June 1935 as the standard service rifle by the German Wehrmacht. It was one of the final developments in the long line of Mauser military rifles. Although supplemented by semi- and fully automatic rifles during World War II, it remained the primary German service rifle until the end of the war in 1945. Millions were captured by the Soviets at the conclusion of World War II and were widely distributed as military aid. The Karabiner 98k therefore continues to appear in conflicts across the world as they are
abstract: The Karabiner 98 kurz (German: [kaʁaˈbiːnɐ ˌʔaxtʔʊntˈnɔʏntsɪç ˈkʊɐ̯ts]; "carbine 98 short", often abbreviated Kar98k or K98k and often incorrectly referred to as a “K98” (which was a Polish Carbine) is a bolt-action rifle chambered for the 7.92×57mm Mauser cartridge that was adopted on 21 June 1935 as the standard service rifle by the German Wehrmacht. It was one of the final developments in the long line of Mauser military rifles. Although supplemented by semi- and fully automatic rifles during World War II, it remained the primary German service rifle until the end of the war in 1945. Millions were captured by the Soviets at the conclusion of World War II and were widely distributed as military aid. The Karabiner 98k therefore continues to appear in conflicts across the world as they are taken out of storage during times of strife.

MasterChef Junior (U.S. season 7)
comment: Season 7 of the American competitive reality television series MasterChef Junior premiered on Fox on March 12, 2019. The season is hosted by regular judges Gordon Ramsay, Christina Tosi, and returning judge Aarón Sanchez.

United States at the 1988 Summer Olympics
abstract: The United States competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. 527 competitors, 332 men and 195 women, took part in 230 events in 27 sports. The United States finished outside of the top two in the overall medal count (third behind the Soviet Union and East Germany) for the first time and in the gold medal count for only the second time. That was mainly caused by the extensive state-sponsored doping programs that were developed in these communist countries to fulfil their political agenda on an international stage.

Fishmans
comment: Fishmans (Japanese: フィッシュマンズ Hepburn: Fisshumanzu) was a Japanese band formed in 1987, known for their unique psychedelic sound and the distinctive vocals of the late lead singer Shinji Sato, as well as the drum playing of Kin-Ichi Motegi and rock-steady basslines of Yuzuru Kashiwabara.

Pilates
comment: (This article is about the physical fitness system. For its inventor, see Joseph Pilates. For the Roman governor, see Pontius Pilate. For similar words, see Pilate (disambiguation) and Pilatus.) Pilates (; German: [piˈlaːtəs]) is a physical fitness system developed in the early 20th century by Joseph Pilates, after whom it was named. Pilates called his method "Contrology". It is practiced worldwide, especially in Western countries such as Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. As of 2005, there were 11 million people practicing the discipline regularly and 14,000 instructors in the United States.
abstract: (This article is about the physical fitness system. For its inventor, see Joseph Pilates. For the Roman governor, see Pontius Pilate. For similar words, see Pilate (disambiguation) and Pilatus.) Pilates (; German: [piˈlaːtəs]) is a physical fitness system developed in the early 20th century by Joseph Pilates, after whom it was named. Pilates called his method "Contrology". It is practiced worldwide, especially in Western countries such as Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom. As of 2005, there were 11 million people practicing the discipline regularly and 14,000 instructors in the United States. There is only limited evidence to support the use of Pilates to alleviate low back pain, or improve balance in elderly people. Evidence from studies show that while Pilates improves balance, limited data exists on whether this impacts on falls by the elderly. Pilates has not been shown to be an effective treatment for any medical condition. There is some evidence regular Pilates sessions can help muscle conditioning in healthy adults, when compared to doing no exercise.

Global warming in Antarctica
abstract: The effects of global warming in Antarctica may include rising temperatures and increasing snow melt and ice loss. A summary study in 2018 incorporating calculations and data from many other studies estimated that total ice loss was 43 gigatons per year on average during the period from 1992 to 2002 but has accelerated to an average of 220 gigatons per year during the five years from 2012 to 2017.

Point Break
abstract: Point Break is a 1991 American buddy cop action thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and written by W. Peter Iliff. It stars Patrick Swayze, Keanu Reeves, Lori Petty and Gary Busey, and the film's title refers to the surfing term "point break", where a wave breaks as it hits a point of land jutting out from the coastline. The film features Reeves as an undercover cop tasked with investigating and discovering the identities of a group of high-level bank robbers, but develops a complex friendship with the group's leader. Development of Point Break began in 1986, when Iliff wrote an initial treatment for the film. Bigelow soon developed the script with husband James Cameron, and filming took place four years later. It was shot across the western coast of the continental United States, and was officially budgeted at $24 million, before being released for traditional viewing on July 12, 1991. Point Break opened to generally positive critical reception, with critics highly praising the relationship between Reeves and Swayze. During its theatrical run, the film grossed over $83.5 million, and has since gained a cult following. Following the film's success, Point Break was re-released on Blu-ray on June 14, 2011; it also spawned a remake that was released in 2015.
comment: Point Break is a 1991 American buddy cop action thriller film directed by Kathryn Bigelow, and written by W. Peter Iliff. It stars Patrick Swayze, Keanu Reeves, Lori Petty and Gary Busey, and the film's title refers to the surfing term "point break", where a wave breaks as it hits a point of land jutting out from the coastline. The film features Reeves as an undercover cop tasked with investigating and discovering the identities of a group of high-level bank robbers, but develops a complex friendship with the group's leader.

Fresh Del Monte Produce
comment: Fresh Del Monte Produce Incorporated is a global producer, marketer and distributor of fresh and fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. Fresh Del Monte Produce is also a producer and distributor of prepared fruit and vegetables, juices, beverages, snacks and desserts in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Fresh Del Monte Produce markets its fresh products worldwide under the Del Monte, UTC, ROSY and other brands. A key product is its Del Monte Gold pineapple. Although no longer affiliated with Del Monte Foods, Del Monte Produce continues to market pineapples, bananas, and other produce under a licensing agreement for the Del Monte label. Fresh Del Monte operates the shipping line Network Shipping.
abstract: Fresh Del Monte Produce Incorporated is a global producer, marketer and distributor of fresh and fresh-cut fruit and vegetables. Fresh Del Monte Produce is also a producer and distributor of prepared fruit and vegetables, juices, beverages, snacks and desserts in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. Fresh Del Monte Produce markets its fresh products worldwide under the Del Monte, UTC, ROSY and other brands. A key product is its Del Monte Gold pineapple. Although no longer affiliated with Del Monte Foods, Del Monte Produce continues to market pineapples, bananas, and other produce under a licensing agreement for the Del Monte label. Fresh Del Monte operates the shipping line Network Shipping. Fresh Del Monte Produce was created in 1989 when RJR Nabisco sold the fresh fruit division of Del Monte Foods to Polly Peck. After the collapse of Polly Peck, Fresh Del Monte was sold to Mexican businessman Carlos Cabal Peniche. Cabal fled Mexico after being accused of fraud and the Mexican government seized Fresh Del Monte. Mohammed Abu-Ghazaleh purchased Fresh Del Monte in 1996. The company went public in 1997. Fresh Del Monte acquired Del Monte Europe in 2004. In 2018, Fresh Del Monte Produce acquired American vegetable packer Mann Packing. Fresh Del Monte Produce is incorporated in George Town, Cayman Islands. The U.S. executive office is located at 241 Sevilla Avenue, Coral Gables, Florida.

Rod Steiger
abstract: Rodney Stephen Steiger (April 14, 1925 – July 9, 2002) was an American actor, noted for his portrayal of offbeat, often volatile and crazed characters. Cited as "one of Hollywood's most charismatic and dynamic stars", he is closely associated with the art of method acting, embodying the characters he played, which at times led to clashes with directors and co-stars. He starred as Marlon Brando's mobster brother Charley in On the Waterfront (1954), the title character Sol Nazerman in The Pawnbroker (1964), and as police chief Bill Gillespie opposite Sidney Poitier in the film In the Heat of the Night (1967) which won him the Academy Award for Best Actor. Steiger was born in Westhampton, New York, the son of a vaudevillian. He had a difficult childhood, with an alcoholic mother from whom he ran away at the age of 16. After serving in the South Pacific Theater during World War II, he began his acting career with television roles in 1947, and went on to garner critical acclaim for his portrayal of the main character in the teleplay "Marty" (1953). He made his stage debut in 1946, in a production of Curse you, Jack Dalton! at the Civic Repertory Theatre of Newark, and subsequently appeared in productions such as An Enemy of the People (1950), Clifford Odets's Night Music (1951), Seagulls Over Sorrento (1952) and Rashomon (1959). Steiger made his film debut in Fred Zinnemann's Teresa in 1951, and subsequently appeared in films such as The Big Knife (1955), Oklahoma! (1955), Across the Bridge (1957) and Al Capone (1959). After Steiger's performance in The Pawnbroker in 1964, in which he played an embittered Jewish Holocaust survivor working as a pawnbroker in New York City, he portrayed an opportunistic Russian politician in David Lean's Doctor Zhivago (1965). In the Heat of the Night (1967) won five Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Actor for Steiger, who was lauded for his performance as a Mississippi police chief who learns to respect an African-American o[cell cut: 3137 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: Rodney Stephen Steiger (April 14, 1925 – July 9, 2002) was an American actor, noted for his portrayal of offbeat, often volatile and crazed characters. Cited as "one of Hollywood's most charismatic and dynamic stars", he is closely associated with the art of method acting, embodying the characters he played, which at times led to clashes with directors and co-stars. He starred as Marlon Brando's mobster brother Charley in On the Waterfront (1954), the title character Sol Nazerman in The Pawnbroker (1964), and as police chief Bill Gillespie opposite Sidney Poitier in the film In the Heat of the Night (1967) which won him the Academy Award for Best Actor.

Scottish Parliament
comment: The Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scots Pairlament) is the devolved unicameral legislature of Scotland. Located in the Holyrood area of the capital city, Edinburgh, it is frequently referred to by the metonym Holyrood.
abstract: The Scottish Parliament (Scottish Gaelic: Pàrlamaid na h-Alba; Scots: Scots Pairlament) is the devolved unicameral legislature of Scotland. Located in the Holyrood area of the capital city, Edinburgh, it is frequently referred to by the metonym Holyrood. The Parliament is a democratically elected body comprising 129 members known as Members of the Scottish Parliament (MSPs), elected for four-year terms under the additional member system: 73 MSPs represent individual geographical constituencies elected by the plurality (‘first past the post’) system, while a further 56 are returned from eight additional member regions, each electing seven MSPs. The most recent general election to the Parliament was held on 5 May 2016, with the Scottish National Party winning a plurality. The original Parliament of Scotland was the national legislature of the independent Kingdom of Scotland, and existed from the early 13th century until the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England under the Acts of Union 1707 to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. As a consequence, both the Parliament of Scotland and the Parliament of England ceased to exist, and the Parliament of Great Britain, which sat at Westminster in London was formed. Following a referendum in 1997, in which the Scottish electorate voted for devolution, the powers of the devolved legislature were specified by the Scotland Act 1998. The Act delineates the legislative competence of the Parliament – the areas in which it can make laws – by explicitly specifying powers that are "reserved" to the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The Scottish Parliament has the power to legislate in all areas that are not explicitly reserved to Westminster. The British Parliament retains the ability to amend the terms of reference of the Scottish Parliament, and can extend or reduce the areas in which it can make laws. The first meeting of the new Parliament took place on 12 May 1999. The competence of the Scottish Parliament has been a[cell cut: 2222 characters, first 2000 kept]

International Republican Institute
abstract: The International Republican Institute (IRI) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization committed to advancing freedom and democracy worldwide by helping political parties to become more issue-based and responsive, assisting citizens to participate in government planning, and working to increase the role of marginalized groups in the political process – including women and youth. Founded in 1983, and initially known as the National Republican Institute for International Affairs, the IRI's stated mission is to "advance democracy and freedom. We link people with their governments, guide politicians to be responsive to citizens, and motivate people to engage in the political process." The Institute's activities include assisting political parties and candidates develop their values and institutional structures, good governance practices, civil society development, civic education, women's and youth leadership development, electoral reform and election monitoring, and political expression in closed societies. In 2018, Senator John McCain informed the board of his intention to step down as chair of IRI after 25 years in the role and recommended that Senator Sullivan succeed him. Senator McCain remained a member of the board. IRI has dramatically increased its efforts to bring institutional structure to Arab countries whose social and political fabric was frayed by the Arab Spring. IRI controversially was helping organize Haitian workers and farmers in Haiti prior to the 2004 Haitian coup d'état, organized conservative political parties in Poland from 1991, and has been involved in organizing women in Egypt during and after the Arab Spring.
comment: The International Republican Institute (IRI) is a nonprofit, nonpartisan organization committed to advancing freedom and democracy worldwide by helping political parties to become more issue-based and responsive, assisting citizens to participate in government planning, and working to increase the role of marginalized groups in the political process – including women and youth.