Little Rock Nine
abstract: The Little Rock Nine was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas. They then attended after the intervention of President Dwight D. Eisenhower. The U.S. Supreme Court issued its historic Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, 347 U.S. 483, on May 17, 1954. Tied to the 14th Amendment, the decision declared all laws establishing segregated schools to be unconstitutional, and it called for the desegregation of all schools throughout the nation. After the decision, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) attempted to register black students in previously all-white schools in cities throughout the South. In Little Rock, Arkansas, the school board agreed to comply with the high court's ruling. Virgil Blossom, the Superintendent of Schools, submitted a plan of gradual integration to the school board on May 24, 1955, which the board unanimously approved. The plan would be implemented during the fall of the 1957 school year, which would begin in September 1957. By 1957, the NAACP had registered nine black students to attend the previously all-white Little Rock Central High, selected on the criteria of excellent grades and attendance. Called the "Little Rock Nine", they were Ernest Green (b. 1941), Elizabeth Eckford (b. 1941), Jefferson Thomas (1942–2010), Terrence Roberts (b. 1941), Carlotta Walls LaNier (b. 1942), Minnijean Brown (b. 1941), Gloria Ray Karlmark (b. 1942), Thelma Mothershed (b. 1940), and Melba Pattillo Beals (b. 1941). Ernest Green was the first African American to graduate from Central High School. When integration began in September 4, 1957, the Arkansas National Guard was called in to "preserve the peace". Originally at orders of the governor, they were meant to prevent the bl[cell cut: 2314 characters, first 2000 kept]

Shreyas Iyer
comment: Shreyas Santosh Iyer (born 6 December 1994) is an Indian cricketer who presently captains Delhi Capitals in the IPL. He plays One Day International and Twenty20 Internationals for the India national cricket team. He is a right-handed batsman and right-arm leg breakbowler. He played for the India Under-19 cricket team at the 2014 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He is the captain of Delhi Capitals in the Indian Premier League.

AirPods
abstract: AirPods are wireless Bluetooth earbuds created by Apple. They were first released on December 13, 2016. The product's second iteration, with improved battery life, was released on March 20, 2019. AirPods are Apple's most popular accessory product, with 35 million units sold in 2018. In addition to playing audio, AirPods feature a built-in microphone that filters out background noise, which allows taking phone calls and talking to Apple's digital assistant, Siri. Additionally, built-in accelerometers and optical sensors enable AirPods to detect taps (e.g. double-tap to pause audio) and in-ear placement, which enables automatic pausing when they are taken out of the ears. On March 20, 2019, Apple released the second generation AirPods, which feature the H1 chip and hands-free “Hey Siri” support. An optional wireless charging case was added in the offerings. Apple claims that the new AirPods have 50% more talk time over the 1st generation AirPods, which were discontinued on the same day.
comment: AirPods are wireless Bluetooth earbuds created by Apple. They were first released on December 13, 2016. The product's second iteration, with improved battery life, was released on March 20, 2019. AirPods are Apple's most popular accessory product, with 35 million units sold in 2018.

Despicable Me (franchise)
abstract: Despicable Me is an animated media franchise produced by Illumination and distributed by Universal Pictures. It consists of four feature films (including a spin-off), eleven short films and additional merchandise. It centers on Gru, a reformed super-villain (who later becomes a dad and secret agent), his yellow-colored Minions; his three adoptive daughters, Margo, Edith and Agnes, and his wife, Lucy Wilde. The franchise began with the 2010 film of the same name and its 2013 and 2017 sequels Despicable Me 2 (2013) and Despicable Me 3 (2017). A prequel featuring Gru's Minions, titled Minions, was released in 2015. A sequel titled Minions 2 will be released in 2020. It also includes a simulator ride attraction, Despicable Me Minion Mayhem, at Universal Studios Florida, Universal Studios Hollywood, and Universal Studios Japan. It is the highest-grossing animated film franchise in box office history, and the 13th highest-grossing film franchise of all time. It is also the first and only animated franchise with two films grossing over $1 billion worldwide (Minions with $1.16 billion and Despicable Me 3 with $1.03 billion).

Sebastian Vettel
abstract: Sebastian Vettel (German pronunciation: [zeˈbasti̯an ˈfɛtl̩]; born 3 July 1987) is a German racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Scuderia Ferrari. He is a four-time Formula One World Champion, having won championships in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 with Red Bull Racing; he is regarded by some as one of the greatest drivers in in the history the sport. Leaving Red Bull for the 2015 season, Vettel initially signed a three-year contract with Ferrari, which was later extended until the end of 2020. Vettel started his career in Formula One as a test driver for BMW Sauber and made his debut with the team at the 2007 United States Grand Prix, replacing the injured Robert Kubica. Later in the season, he joined Toro Rosso (as at the time, he was already part of the Red Bull programme) and stayed with the team into 2008. That September, the 21-year-old became the (then) youngest pole-sitter and race winner at the 2008 Italian Grand Prix. In his first year driving for Red Bull in 2009, Vettel finished the season as the youngest-ever World Drivers' Championship runner-up. The following year he went on to become the youngest driver ever to win the World Drivers' Championship. In the same year he helped Red Bull win the team's first World Constructors' Championship. He followed up his first championship with three more titles, all in succession, becoming the youngest double, triple and quadruple world champion in Formula One. The 2010 and 2012 titles were decided in the final round, in 2010 coming out on top over Ferrari's Fernando Alonso in a four-way title battle at Abu Dhabi, whilst in 2012 defeating Alonso by three points. The 2011 and 2013 titles saw Vettel dominating the seasons to secure the titles early. Ending his long-term association with the team, Vettel activated a clause to end his contract with Red Bull early after the 2014 season. Soon after, it was announced that Vettel had signed a three-year contract with Ferrari for the 2015 season. After his winle[cell cut: 2905 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: Sebastian Vettel (German pronunciation: [zeˈbasti̯an ˈfɛtl̩]; born 3 July 1987) is a German racing driver currently driving in Formula One for Scuderia Ferrari. He is a four-time Formula One World Champion, having won championships in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 with Red Bull Racing; he is regarded by some as one of the greatest drivers in in the history the sport. Leaving Red Bull for the 2015 season, Vettel initially signed a three-year contract with Ferrari, which was later extended until the end of 2020.

Thomas Trautmann
abstract: Thomas R. Trautmann is an American historian and Professor Emeritus of History and Anthropology at the University of Michigan. He is considered one of the world's leading experts on the Arthashastra, the ancient Hindu text on kinship. Trautmann has mentored many students during his professorship at the University of Michigan. He is widely considered to be one of the most well-cited historians of our time. He has written an accessible introduction to the Arthashastra, which was a part of The Story of Indian Business Series by best-selling author, Gurcharan Das. Trautmann's work has been credited with illuminating the underlying economic philosophy that governed ancient Indian kinship. Das has pointed to the invaluable lessons this work provides for the modern age. Trautmann has served as director of the University of Michigan History Department, as well as head of the Center for South Asian Studies. He completed his undergraduate work at Beloit College in Wisconsin and holds a Ph.D. from the University of London. His studies focus on Ancient India and other subjects.
comment: Thomas R. Trautmann is an American historian and Professor Emeritus of History and Anthropology at the University of Michigan. He is considered one of the world's leading experts on the Arthashastra, the ancient Hindu text on kinship. Trautmann has mentored many students during his professorship at the University of Michigan. He is widely considered to be one of the most well-cited historians of our time. He has written an accessible introduction to the Arthashastra, which was a part of The Story of Indian Business Series by best-selling author, Gurcharan Das. Trautmann's work has been credited with illuminating the underlying economic philosophy that governed ancient Indian kinship. Das has pointed to the invaluable lessons this work provides for the modern age.

Glycyrrhiza uralensis
comment: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, also known as Chinese liquorice (Chinese : 甘草）, is a flowering plant native to Asia. It is used as a sweetener and in traditional Chinese medicine.

Machine Head (band)
abstract: Machine Head is an American heavy metal band from Oakland, California. The band was formed in 1991 by vocalist/rhythm guitarist Robb Flynn and bassist Adam Duce. The band's aggressive musicianship made them one of the pioneering bands in the new wave of American heavy metal. Machine Head's current lineup comprises Flynn and bassist Jared MacEachern. Duce, lead guitarists Logan Mader, Ahrue Luster and Phil Demmel and drummers Tony Costanza, Chris Kontos and Dave McClain are former members of the band. Machine Head's first four albums earned the band a growing fan base in Europe, however the band would not have success in the United States until later albums. The band drew controversy with its fourth album, Supercharger (2001), which was released three weeks after the September 11 attacks and resulted in their songs and music video for the song "Crashing Around You" (which featured burning buildings) being pulled from all media outlets. The band nearly disbanded in 2002 after negotiating off its label Roadrunner Records as a result of the controversy, however the band would eventually re-sign with the label. After experimenting with elements of groove metal and nu metal in their early releases, Machine Head changed to a more traditional thrash metal sound with its sixth album, The Blackening (2007), which drew critical acclaim and was chosen as Album of the Decade by Metal Hammer in 2010. The album's first single, "Aesthetics of Hate", also earned the band its first Grammy Award nomination. The band would continue to experiment with genres in later releases. Machine Head has released nine studio albums, two live albums, one video album, 13 singles and 15 music videos. Four of the band's albums have been certified silver in the United Kingdom, and the band's highest peak on the Billboard 200 came with its eighth album, Bloodstone & Diamonds (2014), at number 21. To date, the band has sold over three million records worldwide.
comment: Machine Head is an American heavy metal band from Oakland, California. The band was formed in 1991 by vocalist/rhythm guitarist Robb Flynn and bassist Adam Duce. The band's aggressive musicianship made them one of the pioneering bands in the new wave of American heavy metal. Machine Head's current lineup comprises Flynn and bassist Jared MacEachern. Duce, lead guitarists Logan Mader, Ahrue Luster and Phil Demmel and drummers Tony Costanza, Chris Kontos and Dave McClain are former members of the band.

Ricardo Louis
comment: Ricardo Louis (born March 23, 1994) is an American football wide receiver that is currently a free agent of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Auburn.

Tsunami
comment: A tsunami (from Japanese: 津波, "harbour wave";English pronunciation: soo-NAH-mee or ) or tidal wave,, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water.
abstract: A tsunami (from Japanese: 津波, "harbour wave";English pronunciation: soo-NAH-mee or ) or tidal wave,, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and other underwater explosions (including detonations, landslides, glacier calvings, meteorite impacts and other disturbances above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal ocean waves, which are generated by wind, or tides, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water. Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or sea waves because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising tide. For this reason, it is often referred to as a "tidal wave", although this usage is not favoured by the scientific community because it might give the false impression of a causal relationship between tides and tsunamis. Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves, with periods ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called "internal wave train". Wave heights of tens of metres can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous, and they can affect entire ocean basins. The 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history, with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the Indian Ocean. The Ancient Greek historian Thucydides suggested in his 5th century BC History of the Peloponnesian War that tsunamis were related to submarine earthquakes, but the understanding of tsunamis remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include determining why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunam[cell cut: 2157 characters, first 2000 kept]

Despicable Me
abstract: Despicable Me is a 2010 American 3D computer-animated comedy film produced by Illumination Entertainment as its debut film and project and distributed by Universal Pictures. The film was animated by the French animation studio Mac Guff, which was later acquired by Illumination. Directed by Pierre Coffin and Chris Renaud in their directorial debuts with a story by Sergio Pablos, the title references the main character as he refers to himself and is accompanied by a song by Pharrell Williams. The film stars Steve Carell, the voice of Gru, a supervillain who adopts three girls (voiced by Miranda Cosgrove, Dana Gaier, and Elsie Fisher) from an orphanage; and the voice of Jason Segel as Vector, a rival of Gru who steals the Great Pyramid of Giza. When Gru learns of Vector's heist, he plans an even greater heist: to shrink and steal the Earth's moon. However, despite Gru's villainous intentions, he grows increasingly touched by the girls' growing love for him and find himself changing for the better because of it. Released theatrically on July 9, 2010 in the United States, Despicable Me grossed over $546 million worldwide against a budget of $69 million. It launched the Despicable Me franchise series of films, including the sequel Despicable Me 2 in 2013, another sequel, Despicable Me 3 in 2017, and the prequel, Minions, released in 2015, which featured Gru's Minions as the main characters.

Tanzil
abstract: Tanzeel (Arabic تنزيل) "sending down" and Inzal (Arabic انزال), "bringing down", refer to the act of descent or revelation of God's message from heaven to the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, on earth. The process by which the Divine message come down from heaven to the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, is tanzeel or nuzul (Arabic نزول)("descending"). In the Qur'an — where the revealed message was compiled for human use — forms of these words are found in verse Q.17:105: "With the truth we (God) have sent it down and with the truth it has come down" (Arabic وَبِالْحَقِّ أَنْزَلْنَاهُ وَبِالْحَقِّ نَزَلَ wa-bi-l-ẖaqqi `anzalnahu wa-bi-l-ẖaqqi nazal). (Tanzeel, Inzal, nuzul, etc., all come from the triconsonantal arabic root verb nazala (Arabic نذل. ) It designates positive religion, the letter of the revelation dictated by the angel Jabril to the prophet. According to hadith, the circumstances that verses were sent down in, and the study of why and how a particular verses was revealed is known as Asbab al-nuzul. However, in this view God himself is never the subject of coming down. The Qur'an asserts that the messenger of Allah (God) is Muhammad.of the pre-existing Qur'an through different Realms. The place that the Qur'an comes down from is heaven. The “mother of the book” (umm al-kitab) is located in the presence of God (the Qur'an itself also calls this a “well-guarded tablet” (lawh mahfuz) a “concealed book” (kitab maknun)). In a hadith tradition from Abd Allah ibn Abbas, it is said that the Qur'an descended in two stages. Firstly (i.e., first Tanazzul) to the (Preserved Scripturum) or 'al-sama’ al-dunya (the ‘lowest heaven’) in an early, unknown or undefined time.In the second stage, it descended from al-sama’ al-dunya to the worldly realm to be revealed to Muhammad by the angel Gabriel piecemeal in stages (mufarriqan or tafsilan) over 23 years until the whole Qur’an was completely revealed. Muhammad's first encounter with the archangel produced the first five verses of th[cell cut: 2810 characters, first 2000 kept]
comment: Tanzeel (Arabic تنزيل) "sending down" and Inzal (Arabic انزال), "bringing down", refer to the act of descent or revelation of God's message from heaven to the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, on earth. The process by which the Divine message come down from heaven to the Prophet of Islam, Muhammad, is tanzeel or nuzul (Arabic نزول)("descending"). The place that the Qur'an comes down from is heaven. The “mother of the book” (umm al-kitab) is located in the presence of God (the Qur'an itself also calls this a “well-guarded tablet” (lawh mahfuz) a “concealed book” (kitab maknun)).

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi
abstract: Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-Kisan) Scheme is an initiative by Government of India in which 120 million small and marginal Indian farmers who have less than 2 hectares (4.9 acres) of landholding will get upto ₹6,000 (US$83) per year as minimum income support. The scheme was announced by Piyush Goyal during the 2019 Interim Union Budget of India on 1 February 2019. The scheme will cost ₹75,000 crore (US$10 billion) per annum and will come in effect from December 2018. ₹6,000 per year will be paid to each eligible farmer in three instalments and will be deposited directly to their bank accounts.

Piero Pasinati
abstract: Piero Pasinati, born Pietro Pasinati (21 July 1910 – 15 November 2000) was an Italian football player and manager, who played as a striker.

Kalimpong subdivision
abstract: {{Infobox settlement| name = Kalimpong Subdivision| native_name = Kalimpong is a subdivision of the Kalimpong district in the state of West Bengal, India formed when the British annexed the territory from Bhutan in 1864. It consists of the Kalimpong Municipality and three community development blocks: Kalimpong–I, Kalimpong–II and Gorubathan. The three blocks contain 42 gram panchayats. The subdivision had its headquarters at Kalimpong Town. On 14 February 2017 the subdivision was promoted to a district, becoming Kalimpong district independent of Darjeeling.

Heart and Soul: The Story of America and African Americans
comment: Heart and Soul: The Story of America and African Americans is an illustrated picture book for young adult readers originally published by Harper Collins in 2011. Kadir Nelson, both the author and illustrator, writes from the perspective of an unnamed narrator and reviews significant events in African American history.

Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport
abstract: Frankfurt Egelsbach Airport (German: Flugplatz Frankfurt-Egelsbach) (IATA: QEF, ICAO: EDFE) is a busy general aviation airport located near Egelsbach, a town in the German state of Hesse. It is just southeast of Frankfurt Airport.

Éder (Italian footballer)
abstract: Éder Citadin Martins (born 15 November 1986), simply known as Éder (Brazilian Portuguese: [ˈɛdɛʁ]; Italian pronunciation: [ˈɛ:der]), is a professional footballer, who plays as a striker for Chinese club Jiangsu Suning, and for the Italian national team. Born in Brazil with Italian ancestry, he moved to Italy at young age. He spent most of his professional career in Italy from 2006 to 2018. He began his career with Brazilian club Criciúma, and moved to Italian club Empoli in January 2006, spending most of his career in the country until 2018. In 2018 he moved to Inter Milan's sister club Jiangsu Suning. Éder was born in Brazil, but qualifies to play for Italy through his Italian passport and more than two-years of residency in Italy. He made his international debut for Italy in March 2015, and scored two goals in their successful qualification campaign for UEFA Euro 2016, also being selected for the final tournament.

Religious denomination
abstract: A religious denomination is a subgroup within a religion that operates under a common name, tradition, and identity. The term refers to the various Christian denominations (for example, Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and the many varieties of Protestantism). It is also used to describe the four branches of Judaism (Orthodox, Conservative, Reform, and Reconstructionist). Within Islam, it can refer to the branches or sects (such as Sunni, Shia, and Ahmadiyya), as well as their various subdivisions such as sub-sects, schools of jurisprudence, schools of theology and religious movements. The world's largest religious denomination is Sunni Islam, followed by Roman Catholicism.

Otzma Yehudit
abstract: Otzma Yehudit (Hebrew: עוצמה יהודית, lit., Jewish Power) is a far-right political party in Israel, which has been referred to as Kahanist and anti-Arab. It was originally formed as Otzma LeYisrael (Hebrew: עָצְמָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל, lit., Strength For Israel), and was established on 13 November 2012 by MKs Aryeh Eldad and Michael Ben-Ari, who split from the National Union to form a new party ahead of the 2013 elections. Otzma Yehudit is the ideological descendant of the outlawed Kach party. Michael Ben-Ari is the party's spokesman and chairman. The party's executive director is Zvi Sukkot. The party ran in the 2013 election, but failed to pass the minimum 2% voting threshold by 9,000 votes, and did not receive any seats in the 19th Knesset. In the 2015 election, they ran on a joint list with Yachad; however, the list narrowly failed to pass the 3.25% threshold. Otzma Yehudit formed a technical bloc under the banner of the Union of Right-Wing Parties with the Jewish Home party and Tkuma in advance of the 2019 election.

Pet Sematary (2019 film)
abstract: Pet Sematary is a 2019 American supernatural horror film directed by Kevin Kölsch and Dennis Widmyer and written by Jeff Buhler, from a screen story by Matt Greenberg. It is the second adaptation of the novel of the same name by Stephen King, after the 1989 film. The film stars Jason Clarke, Amy Seimetz, and John Lithgow. Talks for a new adaptation of Pet Sematary began in March 2010, with Greenberg initially writing the screenplay. Lorenzo di Bonaventura and Steven Schneider were revealed to be producing the remake with Juan Carlos Fresnadillo in talks to direct it. By December 2017, Paramount Pictures had greenlit a new adaptation of Stephen King's novel with duo filmmakers Kölsch and Widmyer directing it. Principal photography commenced on June 18, 2018 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. Filming wrapped August 11, 2018. The film is scheduled for release in the United States on April 5, 2019, by Paramount Pictures. It received positive reviews from critics, with many calling it one of the best Stephen King adaptations.