# started 2020-07-16T05:04:53Z . . "808"^^ . "808"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
abcdefghijklm
[a][be][se][de][ø][ɛf][ʒe][aʃ][i][ʒi][ka][ɛl][ɛm]
nopqrstuvwxyz
[ɛn][o][pe][ky][ɛʁ][ɛs][te][y][ve][dublø ve][iks][igʁɛk][zɛd]
"^^ . . . "734"^^ . "734"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "249"^^ . "249"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Jimmy Wales ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "169"^^ . "169"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dài-gĕ̤ng-kṳ̆
台江区
—  Kṳ̆  —
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\n   Dài-gĕ̤ng\n
găk Hók-ciŭ-chê gì ôi-dé.
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\n \"Dài-gĕ̤ng-kṳ̆\"\n
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\n Dài-gĕ̤ng-kṳ̆\n
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Dài-gĕ̤ng găk Hók-gióng
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°03′52″N 119°18′32″E / 26.06444°N 119.30889°E / 26.06444; 119.30889
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Dê-ngék-chê Hók-ciŭ
"^^ . . . "204"^^ . "204"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Hŭng-lôiBàng-uâ-cê bēng-buōng ĭk-miàngDōi-siāHáng-cê bēng-buōng ĭk-miàngĬng-ùng
Mò̤-să̤-ngô-gĭngCháung-sié GéCs.創世記Genesis
Chók Aĭ-gĭk GéC.出埃及記Exodus
Lé-ê GéLe.利未記Leviticus
Mìng-só GéMsg.民數記Numbers
Sĭng-mêng GéSm.申命書Deuteronomy
Lĭk-sṳ̄-cṳ̆Iók-cṳ̆-ā GéIc.約書亞記Joshua
Sê̤ṳ-sṳ̆ GéSs.士師記Judges
Lô-dáik GéLd.路得記Ruth
Sák-mū-ngī, Cièng Cṳ̆1S.撒母耳前書1 Samuel
Sák-mū-ngī, Hâiu Cṳ̆2S.撒母耳後書2 Samuel
Liĕk uòng Gé Liŏk, Siông1L.列王紀畧上1 Kings
Liĕk uòng Gé Liŏk, Hâ2L.列王紀畧下2 Kings
Lĭk-dâi Cé Liŏk, Siông1Ld.歷代志畧上1 Chronicles
Lĭk-dâi Cé Liŏk, Hâ2Ld.歷代志畧下2 Chronicles
Ī-sê̤ṳ-lá Cṳ̆Isl.以士喇書Ezra
Nà̤-hĭ-mī Cṳ̆Nh.尼希米記Nehemiah
Ī-sê̤ṳ-táik Cṳ̆Ist.以士帖書Esther
Sĭ-gŏ-dĭ-hié-cṳ̆Iók-báik Cṳ̆Ib.約百記Job
Sĭ-piĕngSp.詩篇Psalms
Cĭng-ngiòngCn.箴言Proverbs
Diòng-dô̤ Cṳ̆Dd.傳道書Ecclesiastes
Ngā-gŏ̤ Cṳ̆Ngŏ̤雅歌書Song of Songs
Dâi-sĭng-dĭ-cṳ̆Ī-suói-ā Cṳ̆Isa.以賽亞書Isaiah
Ià-lé-mī Cṳ̆1Il.耶利米書Jeremiah
Ià-lé-mī Aĭ-gŏ̤2Il.耶利米哀歌Lamentations
Ī-să̤-giékIsg.以西結書Ezekiel
Dáng-ī-līDi.但以理書Daniel
Siēu-sĭng-dĭ-Cṳ̆Hŏ̤-să̤ Cṳ̆Hs.何西書Hosea
Iók-ngī Cṳ̆Ing.約耳書Joel
Ā-mò̤-sê̤ṳ Cṳ̆Am.亞麼士書Amos
Ŏ̤-bă-dī-ā Cṳ̆Ob.阿巴底書Obadiah
Iók-nā Cṳ̆In.約拿書Jonah
Mī-giă Cṳ̆Mg.米迦書Micah
Nā-ŭng Cṳ̆N.拿翁書Nahum
Hăk-bă-gók Cṳ̆Hb.哈巴谷書Habakkuk
Să̤-huăng-ngā Cṳ̆Sh.西番雅書Zephaniah
Hăk-gĭ Cṳ̆Hg.哈基書Haggai
Sák-gă-lé-ā Cṳ̆Sg.撒加利亞書Zechariah
Mā-lăk-gĭ Cṳ̆Ml.馬拉基書Malachi
"^^ . . . "978"^^ . "978"^^ . "mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikisource ô siŏng-guăng gì nguòng-sṳ̄ nô̤i-ṳ̀ng:\n
"^^ . . . "978"^^ . "978"^^ . "mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikisource ô siŏng-guăng gì nguòng-sṳ̄ nô̤i-ṳ̀ng:\n
\n 聖經 \n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ngièng Hók
Chók-sié-nĭk1854 nièng 1 nguŏk 8 hô̤ \"Edit
Chók-sié-dêHók-ciŭ \"Edit
Guó-sié-nĭk1921 nièng 10 nguŏk 27 hô̤ \"Edit (67 huói)
Guó-sié-dêHók-ciŭ \"Edit
guók-cĭkDṳ̆ng-guók, Chĭng-dièu, Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók \"Edit
â̤ gōngHáng-ngṳ̄ \"Edit
Mū-hâuRoyal Naval College \"Edit
Cék-ngiĕk翻譯員, cáuk-gă, 社會學者 \"Edit
Gó-ciōBáe̤k-gĭng Dâi-hŏk, Hŭk-dáng Dâi-hŏk \"Edit
Cáuk-pīng天演論 \"Edit
Lâu-mā王氏(嚴復妻), 朱氏(嚴復妻) \"Edit
Giāng嚴璩, 嚴琥, 嚴瓛, 嚴璿, 嚴玷, 嚴璸, 嚴璆, 嚴瓏, 嚴頊 \"Edit
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"^^ . . . "213"^^ . "213"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Hŭng-lôiBàng-uâ-cê bēng-buōng ĭk-miàngDōi-siāHáng-cê bēng-buōng ĭk-miàngĬng-ùng
Hók-ĭng-cṳ̆Mā-tái Hók ĬngMt.馬太福音Matthew
Mā-kō̤ Hók ĬngMk.馬可福音Mark
Lô-gă Hók ĬngLg.路加福音Luke
Iók-hâng Hók ĬngIh.約翰福音John
Sé̤ṳ-dù Hèng-diôngSd.使徒行傳Acts
Bō̤-lò̤ Cṳ̆-séngLò̤-mā Cṳ̆Lm.羅馬書Romans
Gŏ̤-lìng-dŏ̤, Cièng Cṳ̆1G.哥林多前書1 Corinthians
Gŏ̤-lìng-dŏ̤, Hâiu Cṳ̆2G.哥林多後書2 Corinthians
Gă-lăk-tái Cṳ̆Gl.加拉太書Galatians
Ī-hók-sū Cṳ̆Ihs.以弗所書Ephesians
Pì-lĭk-bī Cṳ̆Pl.腓立比書Philippians
Gŏ̤-lò̤-să̤ Cṳ̆Gls.哥羅西書Colossians
Táik-sák-lò̤-nà̤-giă, Cièng Cṳ̆1Ts.帖撒羅尼迦前書1 Thessalonians
Táik-sák-lò̤-nà̤-giă, Hâiu Cṳ̆2Ts.帖撒羅尼迦後書2 Thessalonians
Tì-mò̤-tái, Cièng Cṳ̆1Tm.提摩太前書1 Timothy
Tì-mò̤-tái, Hâiu Cṳ̆2Tm.提摩太後書2 Timothy
Tì-dŏ̤ Cṳ̆Td.提多書Titus
Pì-lé-muòng Cṳ̆Plm.腓利門書Philemon
Dâi-gŭng Cṳ̆-séngHĭ-báik-lài Cṳ̆Hbl.希伯來書Hebrews
Ngā-gáuk Cṳ̆Ng.雅各書James
Bī-dáik, Cièng Cṳ̆1Bd.彼得前書1 Peter
Bī-dáik, Hâiu Cṳ̆2Bd.彼得後書2 Peter
Iók-hâng, Ék Cṳ̆1Ih.約翰一書1 John
Iók-hâng, Nê Cṳ̆2Ih.約翰二書2 John
Iók-hâng, Săng Cṳ̆3Ih.約翰三書3 John
Iù-dâi Cṳ̆Id.猶大書Jude
Mĕk-sê LiŏhMsl.默示錄Revelation
"^^ . . . "2559"^^ . "2559"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ ĭng-ông só-liông gì dó̤i-bī\n
hŭng-lôiNàng-piéng huŏng-ngiòngBáe̤k-piéng huŏng-ngiòngMàng-gōng
huŏng-ngiòngHók-ciŭHók-chiăngKŭ-chèngNìng-dáikHók-tīngHók-ăngChŏng-nàng Cièng-kó
Sĭng-mō̤ só-liông15151515151729
Ông-mō̤ só-liông46425169415639
Sĭng-diêu só-liông7777777
"^^ . . . "2646"^^ . "2646"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ sĭng-diêu dó̤i-bī\n
Ĭng-bìngIòng-bìngSiông-sĭngĬng-kó̤Iòng-kó̤Ĭng-ĭkIòng-ĭk
Hók-ciŭ-uâ˦˦ 44˥˧ 53˧˩ 31˨˩˧ 213˨˦˨ 242˨˧ 23˥ 5
Hók-ăng-uâ˧˧˨ 332˨˨ 22˦˨ 42˨˩ 21˧˨˦ 324˨ 2˥ 5
Nìng-dáik-uâ˦˦ 44˩˩ 11˦˨ 42˧˥ 35˥˨ 52˦ 4˥ 5
Hók-tīng-uâ˦˦˥ 445˨˩˨ 212˥˥ 55˥˧ 53˨˨ 22˥ 5˨˧ 23
Tái-sông Màng-gōng˨˩˧ 213˧˧ 33˦˥˥ 455˥˧ 53˦˨ 42˥ 5˦˧ 43
Chŏng-nàng Màng-uâ
(Cièng-kó)		˦˦ 44˨˩˦ 214˦˥ 45˦˩ 41˨˩ 21˥ 5˨˩ 21
Chŏng-nàng Màng-uâ
(Liù-gă-giò)		˧˧ 33˨˩˧ 213˦˥ 45˦˩ 41˩˩ 11˥ 5˩ 1
"^^ . . . "2810"^^ . "2810"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ só-cê tĕ̤k-ĭng dó̤i-bī\n
ÉkNêSăngSéNgôLĕ̤kChékBáikGāuSĕk
Hók-ciŭ-uâsuɔʔ4/iʔ23nei242/laŋ242saŋ44sei213ŋou242/ŋu31løyʔ4tsʰeiʔ23paiʔ23kau31seiʔ4
Mā-cū-uâsuoʔ5/eik13nei242/lɑŋ242saŋ55sei312ŋou131løyk5tsʰeik13paik13kau33seik5
Hók-chiăng-uâsyo53/eʔ22ne41/laŋ41saŋ53se21ŋo41/ŋu33luʔ5tsʰeʔ22peʔ22kau33seʔ5
Kŭ-chèng-uâsyøk5/ik2ni324/laŋ324saŋsi21ŋu324løyk5tsʰik2peik2kau42seik5
Nìng-dáik-uâsyøʔ5/ek2nei332/naŋ332sam44sei35ŋou332lœk5tsʰek2pɛk2kau42sɛk5/sɛp5
Hók-ăng-uâeik5nei23/laŋ23saŋ332sei35ŋou23/ŋu42lœk2/louk2tsʰeik5pɛik5kou42/kieu42sɛik2
Ciá-ìng-uâik5ni213/laŋ213saŋ42si35/su35ŋu213lœk2/luk2tsʰik5pɛk5kau51/kiu51sɛk2
"^^ . . . "2915"^^ . "2915"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
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\n Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Nĭk-buōng-guók
日本国
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gìhŭi-ciŏng
guók-gŏ̤: 君が代
\"Gŭng cī dâi\"
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Nĭk-buōng gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭDŭng-gĭng
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 377,960
    • \n

̩ km2

sì-kṳ̆UTC+9
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngNĭk-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôGŭng-ciō lĭk-hiéng cié
liāng-dô-ìng\n \n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiNĭk-nguòng
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$4.729 uâng-é (2013 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$37,175(2013 nièng)
HDI0.912(2012 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤JPN
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.jp
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+81
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Huák-guók ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng
Ngù-mō̤-ngù-giāng
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Mollusca
gŏng:Gastropoda
ā-gŏng:Orthogastropoda
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Sṳ̀ng-chéu
Sṳ̀ng-chéu
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
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gái:Plantae
(muôi hŭng ngék)Eudicots
(muôi hŭng ngék)Rosids
mŭk:Rosales
kuŏ:Moraceae
sṳ̆k:Ficus
ā-sṳ̆k:Urostigma
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Ngù
Ngù
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
 gă-iōng-huá
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
ā-gŏng:Theria
hâ-gŏng:Eutheria
mŭk:Artiodactyla
kuŏ:Bovidae
ā-kuŏ:Bovinae
sṳ̆k:Bos
cṳ̄ng:B. taurus
ā-cṳ̄ng B. t. primigenius,
B. t. indicus
Hŏk-miàng
Bos taurus
Bojanus, 1827
Hŏk-miàng
Bos taurus primigenius,
Bos taurus indicus
ê-miàng

Bos primigenius,
Bos indicus

"^^ . . . "378"^^ . "378"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "6241"^^ . "6241"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n Băh-uâ\n
\n
\n
\n
\n Cṳ̆-ngṳ̄\n
\n
\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n
\n
\n chiàng\n
\n
\n
\n siàng\n
\n
\n
\n sìng\n
\n
\n
\n 成\n
\n
\n săng\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n chăng\n
\n
\n
\n sĕng\n
\n
\n
\n 生\n
\n
\n
\n buók\n
\n
\n
\n
\n huák\n
\n
\n
\n 發\n
\n
\n
\n huô\n
\n
\n
\n
\n ṳ̄\n
\n
\n
\n 雨\n
"^^ . . . "8080"^^ . "8080"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n pŭng\n
\n
\n fēng\n
\n
\n 蜂\n
\n
\n buông\n
\n
\n fàn\n
\n
\n 飯\n
\n
\n buók\n
\n
\n fā\n
\n
\n 發\n
\n
\n pù\n
\n
\n fú\n
\n
\n 浮\n
"^^ . . . "8299"^^ . "8299"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n dĭ\n
\n
\n zhī\n
\n
\n 知\n
\n
\n tiŭ\n
\n
\n chōu\n
\n
\n 抽\n
\n
\n dâe̤ng\n
\n
\n zhòng\n
\n
\n 重\n
\n
\n dṳ̆k\n
\n
\n zhú\n
\n
\n 逐\n
"^^ . . . "8577"^^ . "8577"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n gâing\n
\n
\n xiàn\n
\n
\n 縣\n
\n
\n gàng\n
\n
\n hán\n
\n
\n 寒\n
\n
\n gâu\n
\n
\n hòu\n
\n
\n 厚\n
\n
\n uăk\n
\n
\n huó\n
\n
\n 活\n
\n
\n âu\n
\n
\n hòu\n
\n
\n 候\n
\n
\n à̤\n
\n
\n xié\n
\n
\n 鞋\n
\n
\n èng\n
\n
\n xián\n
\n
\n 閒\n
"^^ . . . "8813"^^ . "8813"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n huòng\n
\n
\n yuán\n
\n
\n 園\n
\n
\n hùng\n
\n
\n yún\n
\n
\n 雲\n
\n
\n hiăh (hiĕh)\n
\n
\n yè\n
\n
\n 頁\n
\n
\n huô\n
\n
\n yǔ\n
\n
\n 雨\n
"^^ . . . "9064"^^ . "9064"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n sièng\n
\n
\n yán\n
\n
\n 鹽\n
\n
\n sĭk\n
\n
\n yì\n
\n
\n 翼\n
\n
\n sìng\n
\n
\n yíng\n
\n
\n 蠅\n
\n
\n sê̤ṳ\n
\n
\n yǔ\n
\n
\n 嶼\n
"^^ . . . "9273"^^ . "9273"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n gĭ\n
\n
\n jī\n
\n
\n 機\n
\n
\n kiă\n
\n
\n qī\n
\n
\n 欺\n
\n
\n hṳ̆\n
\n
\n xū\n
\n
\n 虛\n
\n
\n gĭng\n
\n
\n jīn\n
\n
\n 今\n
\n
\n gă\n
\n
\n jiā\n
\n
\n 家\n
\n
\n hâ\n
\n
\n xià\n
\n
\n 下\n
\n
\n kìng\n
\n
\n qióng\n
\n
\n 瓊\n
"^^ . . . "9395"^^ . "9395"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n nguāi\n
\n
\n wǒ\n
\n
\n 我\n
\n
\n nguô\n
\n
\n wù\n
\n
\n 誤\n
\n
\n ngṳ̀\n
\n
\n yú\n
\n
\n 魚\n
\n
\n ngàng\n
\n
\n ái\n
\n
\n 癌\n
"^^ . . . "9575"^^ . "9575"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Huà-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n só̤h\n
\n
\n suǒ\n
\n
\n 索\n
\n
\n lŏk\n
\n
\n luò\n
\n
\n 洛\n
\n
\n guŏk\n
\n
\n jú\n
\n
\n 局\n
\n
\n nĭk\n
\n
\n rì<;/div>\n
\n
\n 日\n
\n
\n ṳ̆k\n
\n
\n yù\n
\n
\n 育\n
\n
\n diáh (diéh)\n
\n
\n zhāi\n
\n
\n 摘\n
\n
\n miĕk\n
\n
\n miè\n
\n
\n 滅\n
"^^ . . . "9845"^^ . "9845"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄ tĕ̤k-ĭng\n
\n
\n Háng-cê\n
\n
\n sĭng\n
\n
\n sim\n
\n
\n 心\n
\n
\n gṳ̆ng\n
\n
\n kin\n
\n
\n 巾\n
\n
\n gĭng\n
\n
\n keng\n
\n
\n 經\n
\n
\n giàng\n
\n
\n kiâⁿ\n
\n
\n 行\n
\n
\n sĕk\n
\n
\n cha̍p\n
\n
\n 十\n
\n
\n huák\n
\n
\n hoat\n
\n
\n 法\n
\n
\n guók\n
\n
\n kok\n
\n
\n 國\n
\n
\n ŏ̤h\n
\n
\n o̍h\n
\n
\n 學\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ngù-ngṳ̄
吴語
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók
ciō-iéu dê-kṳ̆Siông-hāi, Gŏng-sŭ, Ciék-gŏng
gōng gì ìng-kēu7700 uâng
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n Háng-cáung-ngṳ̄-hiê\n
    \n
  • Háng-ngṳ̄-cŭk\n
      \n
    • Ngù-ngṳ̄
      • \n
    • \n
\n
ùng-cêHáng-cê
Guăng-huŏng dê-ôi
guăng-huŏng dê-ôimò̤
guāng-lī gĭ-gáiumò̤
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3wuu

Ngù-ngṳ̄ sāi gì dê-huŏng
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Mà
Băh mà
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
 gă-iōng-huá
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
mŭk:Carnivora
kuŏ:Felidae
sṳ̆k:Felis
cṳ̄ng:F. silvestris
Hŏk-miàng
Felis silvestris catus
Schreber, 1775
ê-miàng

Felis lybica
Felis catus

"^^ . . . "427"^^ . "427"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Wikimedia Commons ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "4229"^^ . "4229"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Piĕng-hô̤Cê-mō̤Guók-cié ĭng-biēu
1A/a/ , /ɑ/
2B/p/
3C/ts/
4D/t/
5E/ei/ , /ɛi/
6G/k/
7H/h/ , /ˀ/
8I/i/ , /j/
9K/kʰ/ , /kˀ/
10L/l/
11M/m/
12N/n/
13Oou/
14P/pʰ
15S/s/ (/f/ , /θ/)
16T/tʰ/
17U/u/ , /w/
18A̤/e/ , /ɛ/ , /ɑ/
19E̤/ø/ , /œ/
20O̤/ɔ/
21Ṳ/y/ , /ʮ/
22CH/tsʰ/
23NG/ŋ/
"^^ . . . "4984"^^ . "4984"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Hù-hô iông-sék5 dô Diêu-dĭkSū biēu gì Sĭng-diêuHáng-cê siā huákSài cê-mō̤ gà̤-dēng gì iông-sék
--̆˥˥Siông-bìng上平ă
--̄˧˧ (˧˧˨)Siông-sĭng上聲ā
--́˨˩˦ (˨˩)Siông-ké̤ṳ上去á
--̆h, --̆k˥Siông-ĭk上入ăh, ăk
--̀˥˧Hâ-bìng下平à
--̂˨˧˨Hâ-ké̤ṳ下去â
--́h, --́k˨˦Hâ-ĭk下入áh, ák
"^^ . . . "6179"^^ . "6179"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
--̆--̄--́--̆h, --̆k--̀--̂--́h, --́k
aăāáăh, ăkàâáh, ák
a̤ă̤ā̤á̤ă̤h, --à̤â̤á̤h, --
eĕēé--, ĕkèê--, ék
e̤ĕ̤ē̤é̤ĕh, --è̤ê̤é̤h, --
iĭī--ĭh, ĭkì----, --
oŏōó--, ŏkòô--, ók
o̤ŏ̤ō̤ó̤ŏ̤h, --ò̤ô̤ó̤h, --
uŭū----, ŭkù----, --
ṳṳ̆ṳ̄----, ṳ̆kṳ̀----, --
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók
대한민국
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
gáik-ngiòng: 널리 인간 세계를 이롭게 하라
Niông ciòng ìng-lôi sêu iáh
guók-gŏ̤: Ái-guók-gŏ̤
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Dâi-hàng Mìng-guók gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭSeoul
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 99,646
    • \n

̩ km2

sì-kṳ̆UTC+9
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngHàng-guók-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôGê̤ṳng-huò-guók
liāng-dô-ìng\n \n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiHàng-nguòng
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$1.271 uâng-é (2014 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$25,189(2014 nièng)
HDI0.909(2013 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤KOR
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.kr
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+82
"^^ . . . "169"^^ . "169"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók Ó̤-muòng Dĕk-biék Hèng-céng-kṳ̆
中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區
Região Administrativa Especial de Macau da República Popular da China
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Ó̤-muòng gì sū-câi.
Siū-hūÓ̤-muòng
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 30.3 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 235 miàng
    • \n
sì-kṳ̆UTC+8
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngUŏk-ngṳ̄, Buò-dò̤-ngà-ngṳ̄
Tŭng-ê̤ṳng ngṳ̄-ngiòngUŏk-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 643,100 nè̤ng 2014 nièng puō-că, sié-gái dâ̤ 167 miàng
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 18,568 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 1 miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n


gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiÓ̤-muòng pataca
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)807.65 ek (2013 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)91,376(2013 nièng)
HDI0.892(2013 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤MO
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.mo
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+853
"^^ . . . "1420"^^ . "1420"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
«Chék Lìng Báik-ĭng» gì
siăng-diêu mìng-chĭng		Dù-hìng biēu-sêSó-cê biēu-sêHŏk-gái diē-sié gì
dó̤i-éng mìng-chĭng
Siông-bìng˥˥55陰平
Siông-siăng˧˧33陰上/陽上
Siông-ké̤ṳ˨˩˦214陰去
Siông-ĭk˨˦24陰入
Hâ-bìng˥˧53陽平
Hâ-ké̤ṳ˨˦˨242陽去
Hâ-ĭk˥5陽入
"^^ . . . "1674"^^ . "1674"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Hók-ciŭ-uâ siăng-mō̤ tā̤-hiê biēu\n
Cū-biékMò̤-ké-ĭngÔ-ké-ĭngPé-ĭngGì-tă
　Hò̤-lè̤ng cū　　　k　　　　kʰ　　　　ŋ　　　　ʔ　　　　　　h / ɸ
　Chói-puòi cū　　　p　　　　pʰ　　　　m　　　　β　　
　Ngāi 1 cū　　　ts / tɕ　　　　tsʰ / tɕʰ 　　　ɳ　　　　ʝ　　　　　　z
　Ngāi 2 cū　　　t　　　　tʰ　　　　n　　　　l　　　　s / ɕ / θ / f　　
"^^ . . . "3177"^^ . "3177"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Siăng-mō̤ cê　柳　邊　求　氣　低
Guók-cié ĭng-biĕu　l　p　k　kʰ　t
Siăng-mō̤ cê　波　他　曾　日　時
Guók-cié ĭng-biĕu　pʰ　tʰ　ts　n　s
Siăng-mō̤ cê　鶯　蒙　語　出　喜
Guók-cié ĭng-biĕu　ʔ　m　ŋ　tsʰ　h
Siăng-mō̤ cê　打　掌　與　君　知
Guók-cié ĭng-biĕuCī ngô cê biēu-sê gì siăng-mō̤ găh gà̤-dēng ī-gĭng chók-hiêng guó gò̤ lāu.
"^^ . . . "3355"^^ . "3355"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Dăng ông-mō̤ biēu\n
Lôi-biékÔng-mō̤
Māu lôi　a　　e　　ø　　i　　y　　u　　o　
Kŭi lôi　ɑ　　ɛ / æ　　œ　　ɔ　
"^^ . . . "3499"^^ . "3499"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Sĕ̤ng ông-mō̤ biēu\n
Lôi-biékÔng-mō̤
Māu lôi　ai　　au　　eu　
Kŭi lôi　ɑi　　au　　ɛi　　ɛu　
Māu lôi　ia　　ie　　ieu　　iu　
Kŭi lôi　iɑ　　iɛ　　iɛu　
Māu lôi　øy　　yo　　ya　
Kŭi lôi　ɔy　　yɔ　
Māu lôi　ua　　uai　　uo　　uoi　　ui　
Kŭi lôi　uɑ　　uɑi　　uɔ　　uɔi　　oi　
Māu lôi　ou　　iau　
Kŭi lôi
"^^ . . . "4866"^^ . "4866"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Pé-ĭng ông-mō̤ biēu\n \n
Lôi-biékÔng-mō̤
Māu　aŋ　　eiŋ　　　
Kŭi　ɑŋ　　ɑiŋ　
Māu　iŋ　　iaŋ　　ieŋ　
Kŭi　ɛiŋ　　iɑŋ　　iɛŋ　
Māu　yŋ　　øyŋ　　yoŋ　
Kŭi　　　ɔyŋ　　yɔŋ　
Māu　uŋ　　uaŋ　　uoŋ　　
Kŭi　ouŋ　　uɑŋ　　uɔŋ　　
Māu　m̩ / n̩ / ŋ̍　
Kŭi　ɔuŋ　
"^^ . . . "6101"^^ . "6101"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Ông-muōi biēu\n
Lôi-biékÔng-mō̤
Māu　akˀ　　eikˀ　　
Kŭi　ɑkˀ　　ɑikˀ　　
Māu　ikˀ　　iakˀ　　iekˀ　
Kŭi　ɛikˀ　　iɑkˀ　　iɛkˀ　
Māu　ykˀ　　øykˀ　　yokˀ　
Kŭi　øykˀ　　ɔykˀ　　yɔkˀ　
Māu　ukˀ　　uakˀ　　uokˀ　　
Kŭi　oukˀ　　uɑkˀ　　uɔkˀ　　
Māu　œkˀ　　oukˀ　
Kŭi　ɔukˀ　
"^^ . . . "6101"^^ . "6101"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Ông-muōi biēu\n
Lôi-biékÔng-mō̤
Māu　aˀ　　iaˀ　　uaˀ　　
Kŭi　ɑˀ　　iɑˀ　　uɑˀ　
Māu　oˀ　　uoˀ　　yoˀ　　
Kŭi　ɔˀ　　uɔˀ　　yɔˀ　　
"^^ . . . "611"^^ . "611"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Diêu Ciē-iòng
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Huà Guók-hŭng		Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
cūng-lī
1980 nièng - 1987 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Lī Bèng
céng-dōng cék-ô
sèng siŏh êng:
Hù Iêu-băng		Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng
Dṳ̆ng-iŏng Ūi-nguòng-huôi cūng-cṳ̆-gé
1987 nièng - 1989 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Gŏng Dĕk-mìng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Buò-dièng-chê
—  Dê-ngék-chê  —
莆田市
\n
Buò-dièng-chê găk Hók-gióng gì sū-câi.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Buò-dièng-chê\"\n
\n
\n Buò-dièng-chê\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Buò-dièng găk Dṳ̆ng-guók gì sū-câi.
Cô̤-biĕu: 25°26′N 119°01′E / 25.433°N 119.017°E / 25.433; 119.017
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 4,200 km2
Ìng-kēu (2015)
 - Sū-iū2,860,000 nè̤ng
Ngṳ̄-ngiòngBuò-siĕng-ngṳ̄ gâe̤ng Pū-tŭng-uâ
Chiă-bà̤ hô̤-mā闽B
Uōng-cângwww.putian.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "5658"^^ . "5658"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n Hók-ciŭ\n
"^^ . . . "796"^^ . "796"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Hŭng-tăi ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Hiêng-dâi Biĕu-cūng Háng-ngṳ̄
現代標準漢語/普通话/國語/标准华语
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-lṳ̆k, Dài-uăng, Mā-lài-să̤-ā, Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤
ciō-iéu dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-lṳ̆k, Dài-uăng, Mā-lài-să̤-ā, Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤
gōng gì ìng-kēu9600 uâng
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n Háng-cáung-ngṳ̄-hiê\n \n
ùng-cêHáng-cê
Guăng-huŏng dê-ôi
guăng-huŏng dê-ôiDṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók, Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók, Mā-lài-să̤-ā, Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤
guāng-lī gĭ-gáiuDṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók gáu-ṳ̆k-buô guók-gă ngṳ̄-ngiòng ùng-cê gĕ̤ng-cáuk ūi-nguòng-huôi
Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók gáu-ṳ̆k-buô Cṳ̄ng-sĭng-gáu-ṳ̆k-sĭ dà̤ 4 kuŏ
Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤ tŭi-guŏng Huà-ngṳ̄ lī-sê̤ṳ-huôi
Mā-lài-să̤-ā Huà-ngṳ̄ giĕ-huōng lī-sê̤ṳ-huôi
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3cmn

Kĕk Hiêng-dâi Biĕu-cūng Háng-ngṳ̄ có̤ guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòng gì dê-huŏng
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tū-ī-gì Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Tū-ī-gì gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭAnkara
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 783,356 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 37 miàng
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 79,463,663 nè̤ng 2016 nièng puō-că, sié-gái dâ̤ 18 miàng
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 102 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 107 miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n


"^^ . . . "332"^^ . "332"^^ . "" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n Dê-ciĕ\n
\n
\n Cṳ̄\n
\n
\n Tiū\n
\n
\n Ìng\n
\n
\n Māu\n
\n
\n Sìng\n
\n
\n Sê̤ṳ\n
\n
\n Ū\n
\n
\n Ê\n
\n
\n Sĭng\n
\n
\n Iū\n
\n
\n Sók\n
\n
\n Hâi\n
\n
\n Săng-sáiu\n
\n
\n Chṳ̄\n
\n
\n Ngù\n
\n
\n Hū\n
\n
\n Tó\n
\n
\n Lṳ̀ng\n
\n
\n Siè\n
\n
\n Mā\n
\n
\n Iòng\n
\n
\n Gàu\n
\n
\n Giĕ\n
\n
\n Kēng\n
\n
\n Dṳ̆\n
"^^ . . . "404"^^ . "404"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n Dṳ̆ng-guók_Dâi-lṳ̆k\n
"^^ . . . "6118"^^ . "6118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "334"^^ . "334"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Nguòng-siĕu-cáik ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Kēng
Ŭ kēng
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
 gă-iōng-huá
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
Pleistocene – hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
mĭk:Eukaryota
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
mŭk:Carnivora
kuŏ:Canidae
sṳ̆k:Canis
cṳ̄ng:C. lupus
ā-cṳ̄ngC. l. familiaris
Hŏk-miàng
Canis lupus familiaris
(Linnaeus, 1758)
"^^ . . . "216"^^ . "216"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Ciēng
Ciēng
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Reptilia
mŭk:Squamata
ā-mŭk:Sauria
kuŏ:Gekkonidae
Gray, 1825
ā-kuŏ
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Gàu-ūng
Gàu-ūng
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Annelida
gŏng:Oligochaeta
ā-gŏng:Haplotaxida
mŭk:Megadrilacea
ā-mŭk:Lumbricina + Moniligastrida
NODC v. 8.0, 1996
kuŏ
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Dô-dâing
Pogona vitticeps
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
ciŏ-lò̤-gī ~ hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
cūng-gŏng:Tetrapoda
gŏng:Reptilia
mŭk:Squamata
ā-mŭk:Lacertilia
Günther, 1867
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Hŭng-muòng
Anopheles gambiae
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
ā-muòng:Hexapoda
gŏng:Insect
ā-gŏng:Pterygota
hâ-gŏng:Neoptera
cūng-mŭk:Endopterygota
mŭk:Diptera
ā-mŭk:Nematocera
hâ-mŭk:Culicomorpha
cūng-kuŏ:Culicoidea
kuŏ:Culicidae
"^^ . . . "428"^^ . "428"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Nìng-dáik-chê
—  Dê-ngék-chê  —
宁德市
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Nìng-dáik găk Hók-gióng gì sū-câi
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\n \"Nìng-dáik-chê\"\n
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\n Nìng-dáik-chê\n
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Nìng-dáik găk Dṳ̆ng-guók gì sū-câi.
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°40′N 119°31′E / 26.667°N 119.517°E / 26.667; 119.517
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 13,452 km2
Ìng-kēu (2010)
 - Sū-iū2,821,996 nè̤ng
Mìng-cŭkHáng-cŭk (75.28%)
Siă-cŭk (24.72%)
Ngṳ̄-ngiòngMìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ gâe̤ng Pū-tŭng-uâ
Chiă-bà̤ hô̤-mā闽J
Uōng-cângwww.nds.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "553"^^ . "553"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n Chók Ăi-gĭk Gé 20:2-17\n
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\n Sĕng-mêng Gé 5:6-21\n
2 Nguāi sê Ià-huò-huà, nṳ̄ gì Siông-dá̤, ô īng-dô̤ nṳ̄ chók Ăi-gĭk-guók, liê ciā có̤ nù-chài gì ôi-ché̤ṳ.

3 Nguāi ī-nguôi, nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng ô bĕk-ciáh siông-dá̤.
4 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng dĕu-só ciā ngēu-chiông, tiĕng siông dê â cūi diē cī sâ̤ nó̤h, dŭ ng-tĕ̤ng gôi-bái, iâ ng-tĕ̤ng dĕu-só ĭ gì hìng-câung.
5 Ng-tĕ̤ng gôi-bái, iâ ng-tĕ̤ng hông-sê̤ṳ, ĭng Nguāi Ià-huò-huà nṳ̄ gì Siông-dá̤, sê gê-sià gì Siông-dá̤, ô nè̤ng hièng Nguāi, cêu huăk ĭ, cê̤ṳ lòng-bâ gáu giāng-sŏng săng sé dô̤i.
6 ô nè̤ng tiáng Nguāi, siū Nguāi gái, cêu siĕ ŏng ké̤ṳk ĭ, gáu siàng chiĕng dô̤i.
7 Nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà gì Miàng, ng-tĕ̤ng luâng chĭng, ô nè̤ng luâng chĭng, Ià-huò-huà dék-dék â̤ huăk ĭ.
8 Nṳ̄ diŏh gé Ăng-sék-nĭk, siū có̤ séng-nĭk.
9 Lĕ̤k nĭk găng â̤ kṳ̀ng-gīng có̤ nṳ̄ cṳ̆-buăng gì dâi.
10 dâ̤ chék nĭk sê nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà gì Ăng-sék-nĭk, cī siŏh nĭk, nṳ̄, gâe̤ng nṳ̄ nàng-nṳ̄-giāng, nù-chài, ă-tàu, tàu-săng, lièng hiók nṳ̄ chió diē gì nè̤ng-káh, dŭ ng-tĕ̤ng có̤ dâi.
11 Ĭng lĕ̤k nĭk dṳ̆ng-găng, Ià-huò-huà cháung-cô̤ tiĕng, dê, hāi, lièng siàng-uâng nó̤h, gáu dâ̤ chék nĭk cêu sák. Gó-chṳ̄ Ià-huò-huà lŏ̤h Ăng-sék-nĭk gáung hók, lĭk ciā nĭk có̤ séng-nĭk.
12 Diŏh géng nṳ̄ bâ-nā̤, cêu â̤ lŏ̤h nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà sū sé̤ṳ gì dòng-giū gṳ̆-cê̤ṳ.
13 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng tài nè̤ng.
14 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng găng-ìng.
15 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng tău nó̤h.
16 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng luâng céng-giéng hâi nè̤ng.

17 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng tăng nè̤ng gì chió, ng-tĕ̤ng tăng nè̤ng gì lō̤-siēu, gâe̤ng ĭ nù-chài, ngiê-nṳ̄, ngù, lè̤ lièng ĭ sū-iū gì nó̤h.		6 Nguāi sê nṳ̄ gì Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà, ô īng-dô̤ nṳ̄ chók Ăi-gĭk dê, liê ciā có̤ nù-chài gì ôi-ché̤ṳ.

7 Nguāi ī-nguôi nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng ô bĕk-ciáh siông-dá̤.
8 Nṳ̄ dŭ ng-tĕ̤ng dĕu-só ngēu-chiông, tiĕng siông dê â cūi diē cī sâ̤ nó̤h, dŭ ng-tĕ̤ng dĕu-só ĭ gì hìng-câung.
9 Ng-tĕ̤ng gôi-bái, iâ ng-tĕ̤ng hông-sê̤ṳ, ĭng Nguāi Ià-huò-huà, nṳ̄ gì Siông-dá̤, sê gê-sià gì Siông-dá, ô nè̤ng hièng Nguāi, cêu huăk ĭ, cê̤ṳ lòng-bâ gáu giāng-sŏng săng sé dô̤i.
10 ô nè̤ng tiáng Nguāi, siū Nguāi gái, cêu siĕ ŏng ké̤ṳk ĭ, gáu siàng chiĕng dô̤i.
11 Nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà gì Miàng ng-tĕ̤ng luâng chĭng, ô nè̤ng luâng chĭng, Ià-huò-huà dék-dék â̤ huăk ĭ.
12 Diŏh bìng nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà sū mêng nṳ̄ gì uâ, gīng-siū Ăng-sék-nĭk có̤ séng-nĭk.
13 Lĕ̤k nĭk găng, â̤ kṳ̀ng-gīng có̤ nṳ̄ cṳ̆-buăng gì dâi.
14 dâ̤ chék nĭk sê nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà gì Ăng-sék-nĭk, cī siŏh nĭk, nṳ̄ gâe̤ng nṳ̄ nàng-nṳ̄-giāng, nù-chài, ă-tàu, ngù, lè̤, gáuk tàu-săng, lièng hiók nṳ̄ chió diē gì nè̤ng-káh, dŭ ng-tĕ̤ng có̤ dâi, ī-dé nṳ̄ gì nù-chài ă-tàu â̤ hiōng ăng-sék, gâe̤ng nṳ̄ cê-gă siŏh-iông.
15 Nṳ̄ diŏh gé sèng-nĭk lŏ̤h Ăi-gĭk dê có̤ nù-chài, nṳ̄ gì Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà chiŏng duâi cài-nèng gì chiū īng-dô̤ nṳ̄ liê hiā ôi-ché̤ṳ, gó-chṳ̄ nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà mêng nṳ̄ diŏh gīng-siū Ăng-sék-nĭk.
16 Nṳ̄ diŏh bìng nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà sū mêng nṳ̄ gì uâ, géng nṳ̄ gì bâ-nā̤, cêu â̤ hiōng-hók dòng-giū gṳ̆-cê̤ṳ lŏ̤h nṳ̄ Siông-dá̤ Ià-huò-huà sū sé̤ṳ gì dê.
17 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng tài nè̤ng.
18 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng găng-ìng.
19 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng tău nó̤h.
20 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng luâng céng-giéng hâi nè̤ng.

21 Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng tăng nè̤ng gì lō̤-siēu, ng-tĕ̤ng tăng nè̤ng gì chió-ók, chèng-dê, nù-chài, ngiê-nṳ̄, ngù, lè̤, lièng ì sū-iū gì nó̤h.
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Nguāi sê nṳ̄ gì Siông-dá̤\n
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Nguāi ī-nguôi nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng ô bĕk-ciáh siông-dá̤\n
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Diŏh gé Ăng-sék-nĭk siū có̤ séng-nĭk\n
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Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng tău nó̤h\n
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Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng luâng céng-giéng hâi nè̤ng\n
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Nṳ̄ ng-tĕ̤ng tăng nè̤ng gì huó-cài\n
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Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
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\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
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\n ngṳ̄-ngiòng\n
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Ngṳ̄-ngiòng dê-dù ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Hók-gióng-sēng
福建省
—  Sēng  —
Miàng-cê diōng-siā
 - Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Hók-gióng
 - Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄Hok-kiàn
 - Buò-siĕng-ngṳ̄Ho̤h-ge̤̍ng
 - Mìng-báe̤k-ngṳ̄Hŭ-gṳ̿ing
 - Káh-gă-ngṳ̄Fuk-kian
 - Pū-tŭng-uâFújiàn
 - Ngù-ngṳ̄Foh-ji
Biék-chĭng diōng-siā
 - Gāng-chĭngMìng (閩)
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Hók-gióng gì sū-câi.
Cô̤-biĕu: 25°54′N 118°18′E / 25.9°N 118.3°E / 25.9; 118.3
Siū-hūHók-ciŭ
Chê9 ciáh dê-ngék-chê, 85 ciáh gâing, 1107 ciáh déng
Céng-hū
 - Sēng-ūi cṳ̆-gé Ṳ̀ Ūi-guók
 - Sēng-diōng Dòng Dĕng-giĕk
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 121,400 km2
Hāi-băk (có̤i gèng) 2,158 m
Ìng-kēu (2017)
 - Sū-iū38,565,000 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô317.7/km2
Ìng-kēu tūng-gié
 - Mìng-cŭk Háng-cŭk – 98%
Siă-cŭk – 1%
Huòi-cŭk – 0.3%
 - Ngṳ̄-ngiòng Mìng-ngṳ̄, Pū-tŭng-uâ, Káh-gă-ngṳ̄
GDP (2018)CN¥3.58 trillion
US$540.78 billion (10th)
 • per capitaCN¥92,830
US$14,022 (dâ̤ 6 miàng)
 • growth
HDI (2014)0.758 (high) (dâ̤ 11 miàng)
Uōng-cângwww.fujian.gov.cn
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茲頁面裡勢有福州話特殊其漢字。部分操作系統共瀏覽器需要特殊字母共符号其支持乍會正確顯示Unicode擴展漢字，儷是無其話，可能會顯示亂碼、方框等等。
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Giĕ-lè̤ng-chê
—  Sēng-hăk-chê  —
基隆市
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Gì
Hŭi-ciŏng
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Cô̤-biĕu: 25°08′N 121°44′E / 25.133°N 121.733°E / 25.133; 121.733
Guók-gă \"\" Dài-uăng
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 132.7589 km2
Ìng-kēu (2016)
 - Sū-iū371,878 nè̤ng
Uōng-cângwww.klcg.gov.tw
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\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
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Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Hĭ-Pŏ̤ Ciéng-cĕng ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Dài-báe̤k-chê
—  Dĭk-hăk-chê  —
臺北市
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Gì
Hŭi-ciŏng
\n
Cô̤-biĕu: 25°2′N 121°38′E / 25.033°N 121.633°E / 25.033; 121.633
Guók-gă \"\" Dài-uăng
Céng-hū sū-câiSéng-ngiê-kṳ̆
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 271.7997 km2
 - Cūi-tā̤ miêng-cék2.7 km2
Ìng-kēu
 - Sū-iū2,619,920 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô9,639.16/km2
Uōng-cângtaipei.gov.tw
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "metadata mbox-small" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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茲頁面裡勢有福州話特殊其漢字。部分操作系統共瀏覽器需要特殊字母共符号其支持乍會正確顯示Unicode擴展漢字，儷是無其話，可能會顯示亂碼、方框等等。
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Guōng-dĕ̤ng ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "1092"^^ . "1092"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Isaac Newton ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "4060"^^ . "4060"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Báe̤k-gĭng Dâi-hŏkChĭng-huà Dâi-hŏkDṳ̆ng-guók Ìng-mìng Dâi-hŏkBáe̤k-gĭng Sṳ̆-huâng Dâi-hŏk
Báe̤k-gĭng Iù-diêng Dâi-hŏkBáe̤k-gĭng Nguôi-guók-ngṳ̄ Dâi-hŏkBáe̤k-gĭng Hòng-kŭng-hòng-tiĕng Dâi-hŏkDṳ̆ng-guók Céng-huák Dâi-hŏk
Dṳ̆ng-guók Nṳ̀ng-ngiĕk Dâi-hŏkDṳ̆ng-guók Duòng-muòi Dâi-hŏkBáe̤k-gĭng Diêng-īng Hŏk-iêngDṳ̆ng-iŏng Hié-kiŏk Hŏk-iêng
Dṳ̆ng-iŏng Mī-sŭk Hŏk-iêngBáe̤k-gĭng Hiĕk-huò Ĭ-hŏk-iêngBáe̤k-gĭng Lī-gĕ̤ng Dâi-hŏkDṳ̆ng-iŏng Cài-gĭng Dâi-hŏk
"^^ . . . "4060"^^ . "4060"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Báe̤k-gĭng ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Gă-săk
Blaberus giganteus
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
gŏng:Insecta
ā-gŏng:Pterygota
hâ-gŏng:Neoptera
cūng-mŭk:Dictyoptera
mŭk:Blattodea
kuŏ
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Siông-hāi-chê
上海市
—  Dĭk-hăk-chê  —
Miàng-cê diōng-siā
 - Pū-tŭng-uâShànghǎi
 - Ngù-ngṳ̄Zaan22 he44
Biék-chĭng diōng-siā
 - Gāng-chĭngHô (滬)
\n
\n
Siông-hāi gì sū-câi.
Cô̤-biĕu: 31°13′43″N 121°28′29″E / 31.22861°N 121.47472°E / 31.22861; 121.47472
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Guāng-hăk
 - gâing-ngék
 - déng-ngék
16 ciáh kṳ̆
210 ciáh déng
Miêng-cék
 - Dĭk-hăk-chê 6,341 km2
 - Cūi-tā̤ miêng-cék697 km2
 - Dŭ-huôi-kṳ̆4,014.5 km2
Hāi-băk 4 m
Ìng-kēu (2018)
 - Dĭk-hăk-chê24,237,800 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô3,822.4/km2
 - Dŭ-chê-kuŏng2,400,000
Iù-céng biĕng-mā200000–202100
Diêng-uâ kṳ̆-mā21
Uōng-cângwww.shanghai.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "963"^^ . "963"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Siông-hāi ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Kuóh-dà̤\n
曲蹄
1910 nièng Hók-ciŭ Mìng-gĕ̤ng gà̤-dēng gì kuóh-dà̤
Hŭng-buó dê-kṳ̆
Mìng-gĕ̤ng hâ-iù, Hók-gióng hāi-gièng
Ngṳ̄-ngiòng

Hók-ciŭ-uâ gâe̤ng Pū-tŭng-uâ (dâ̤ nê ngṳ̄-ngiòng)

Hông gì Cŭng-gáu

Lò̤-mā-tiĕng-ciō-gáu gâe̤ng Dô̤-gáu

Siŏng-guăng Mìng-cŭk

Siă-cŭk, Hók-ciŭ-nè̤ng

"^^ . . . "306"^^ . "306"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
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\n Italian\n
"^^ . . . "306"^^ . "306"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Italian ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "208"^^ . "208"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
А а
/a/		Б б
/b/		В в
/v/		Г г
/g/		Д д
/d/		Е е
/ɛ/		Ж ж
/ʒ/		З з
/z/		И и
/i/		Й й
/j/
К к
/k/		Л л
/l/		М м
/m/		Н н
/n/		О о
/ɔ/		П п
/p/		Р р
/r/		С с
/s/		Т т
/t/		У у
/u/
Ф ф
/f/		Х х
/x/		Ц ц
/ʦ/		Ч ч
/tʃ/		Ш ш
/ʃ/		Щ щ
/ʃt/		Ъ ъ
/ɤ/, /ə/		Ь ь
/ʲ/		Ю ю
/ju/		Я я
/ja/
"^^ . . . "117"^^ . "117"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
George W. Bush
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Bill Clinton		Mī-guók cūng-tūng
2001 nièng - 2009 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Barack Obama
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤ Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
Republic of Singapore
Republik Singapura
新加坡共和国
சிங்கப்பூர் குடியரசு
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤ gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭSĭng-gă-pŏ̤
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 719.1 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 190 miàng
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 5,535,000 nè̤ng 2015 nièng puō-că, sié-gái dâ̤ 113 miàng
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 7,697 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 3 miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Hĭ-lé-nà̤ Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
gáik-ngiòng: Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος
Mâ̤ cê̤ṳ-iù gó bók-ṳ̀ sī
guók-gŏ̤: Cê̤ṳ-iù sê̤ṳng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Hĭ-lé-nà̤ gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭNgā-diēng
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 131,957 km2
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngHĭ-lé-nà̤-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n \n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiĔu-nguòng
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$2660 é (2013 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$23631(2013 nièng)
HDI0.860(2013 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤GRC/GRE
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.gr
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+30
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Să̤-băng-ngà Uòng-guók
Reino de España
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gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Să̤-băng-ngà gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭMadrid
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 504 645 km2
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngSă̤-băng-ngà-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n \n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiĔu-nguòng
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$1.394 uâng-é (2013 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$30, 741(2013 nièng)
HDI0.885(2013 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤ESP
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.es
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+34
"^^ . . . "202"^^ . "202"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
George Washington
mò̤
nguòng-ĭng: guók-gă gióng-lĭk		Mī-guók cūng-tūng
1789 nièng - 1797 nièng		â siŏh êng:
John Adams
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mā-lài-să̤-ā
Malaysia
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Mā-lài-să̤-ā gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭKuala Lumpur
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 330,803 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 66 miàng
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 28,334,135 nè̤ng 2010 nièng puō-că, sié-gái dâ̤ 44 miàng
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 92 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 116 miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Huà-sêng-dáung Dĕk-kṳ̆ ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Ukraine
Україна
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Ukraine gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭKiev
"^^ . . . "114"^^ . "114"^^ . "mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikisource ô siŏng-guăng gì nguòng-sṳ̄ nô̤i-ṳ̀ng:\n
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "metadata mbox-small" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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茲頁面裡勢有阿拉伯文。部分操作系統共瀏覽器需要特殊字母共符号其支持乍會正確顯示阿拉伯文，儷是無其話，可能會顯示趁左邊遘右邊寫其固加未成連寫體其字母或者其他符號。
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "metadata mbox-small" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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茲頁面裡勢有福州話特殊其漢字。部分操作系統共瀏覽器需要特殊字母共符号其支持乍會正確顯示Unicode擴展漢字，儷是無其話，可能會顯示亂碼、方框等等。
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維基共享裡勢有共維基共享有干過其內容。
"^^ . . . "218"^^ . "218"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
維基媒體基金會其項目
公眾項目
維基百科（行去）維基辭典（行去）維基課本（前往）維基語錄（前往）
維基文庫（前往）維基共享（行去）維基物種（行去）維基新聞（行去）
維基學院（行去）維基數據（行去）維基導遊（行去）MediaWiki（行去）
內部計劃
元維基（行去）維基媒體國際會議（行去）維基孵卵場（行去）
"^^ . . . "1307"^^ . "1307"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
編號字母國際音標
1A/a/ , /ɑ/
2B/p/
3C/ts/
4D/t/
5E/ei/ , /ɛi/
6G/k/
7H/h/ , /ˀ/
8I/i/ , /j/
9K/kʰ/ , /kˀ/
10L/l/
11M/m/
12N/n/
13Oou/
14P/pʰ
15S/s/ (/f/ , /θ/)
16T/tʰ/
17U/u/ , /w/
18A̤/e/ , /ɛ/ , /ɑ/
19E̤/ø/ , /œ/
20O̤/ɔ/
21Ṳ/y/ , /ʮ/
22CH/tsʰ/
23NG/ŋ/
"^^ . . . "1550"^^ . "1550"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
符號樣式五度音值平話字寫法漢字寫法載字母懸頂其樣式
--̆˥˥Siông-bìng上平ă
--̄˧˧ (˧˧˨)Siông-sĭng上聲ā
--́˨˩˦ (˨˩)Siông-ké̤ṳ上去á
--̆h, --̆k˥Siông-ĭk上入ăh, ăk
--̀˥˧Hâ-bìng下平à
--̂˨˧˨Hâ-ké̤ṳ下去â
--́h, --́k˨˦Hâ-ĭk下入áh, ák
"^^ . . . "1886"^^ . "1886"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
--̆--̄--́--̆h, --̆k--̀--̂--́h, --́k
aăāáăh, ăkàâáh, ák
a̤ă̤ā̤á̤ă̤h, --à̤â̤á̤h, --
eĕēé--, ĕkèê--, ék
e̤ĕ̤ē̤é̤ĕh, --è̤ê̤é̤h, --
iĭī--ĭh, ĭkì----, --
oŏōó--, ŏkòô--, ók
o̤ŏ̤ō̤ó̤ŏ̤h, --ò̤ô̤ó̤h, --
uŭū----, ŭkù----, --
ṳṳ̆ṳ̄----, ṳ̆kṳ̀----, --
"^^ . . . "378"^^ . "378"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
維基媒體基金會其項目
公眾項目
維基百科（行去）維基辭典（行去）維基課本（前往）維基語錄（前往）
維基文庫（前往）維基共享（行去）維基物種（行去）維基新聞（行去）
維基學院（行去）維基數據（行去）維基導遊（行去）MediaWiki（行去）
內部計劃
元維基（行去）維基媒體國際會議（行去）維基孵卵場（行去）
"^^ . . . "465"^^ . "465"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n ISO 639-1语言列表\n
aa阿法爾語fr法語li林堡語se北薩米語
ab阿布哈茲語fy弗裡西亞語ln林加拉語sg桑戈語
ae阿维斯陀语ga爱尔兰语lo老撾語sh塞爾維亞-克羅地亞語
af南非語gd蘇格蘭蓋爾語lt立陶宛語si僧伽羅語
ak阿坎语gl加利西亞語lu卢巴語sk斯洛伐克語
am阿姆哈拉語gn瓜拉尼語lv拉脫維亞語sl斯洛文尼亞語
an阿拉貢語gu古吉拉特語mg馬達加斯加語sm薩摩亞語
ar阿拉伯語gv馬恩島語mh馬紹爾語sn紹納語
as阿薩姆語ha豪薩語mi毛利語so索馬裡語
av阿瓦爾語he希伯來語mk馬其頓語sq阿爾巴尼亞語
ay艾馬拉語hi印地語ml馬拉雅拉姆語sr塞爾威亞語
az阿塞拜疆語ho希裡莫圖語mn蒙古語ss斯瓦特語
ba巴什基爾語hr克羅地亞語mo摩爾達威亞語st南所托語
be白俄羅斯語ht海地克裡奧爾語mr馬拉提語su巽他語
bg保加利亞語hu匈牙利語ms馬來語sv瑞典語
bh比哈爾語hy亞美尼亞語mt馬爾他語sw斯瓦西裡語
bi比斯拉馬語hz赫雷羅語my緬甸語ta泰米爾語
bm班巴拉語ia國際語Ana瑙鲁語te泰盧固語
bn孟加拉語id印尼語nb書面挪威語tg塔吉克語
bo藏語ie國際語End北恩德貝勒語th泰語
br布列塔尼語ig伊博語ne尼泊爾語ti提格裡尼亞語
bs波斯尼亞語ii四川彝語（諾蘇語）ng恩敦加語tk土庫曼語
ca加泰隆語ik依努庇克語nl荷蘭語tl他加祿語
ce車臣語io伊多语nn新挪威语tn賽茨瓦納語
ch查莫羅語is冰島語no挪威語to湯加語
co科西嘉語it意大利語nr南恩德貝勒語tr土耳其語
cr克裡語iu因紐特語nv納瓦霍語ts宗加語
cs捷克語ja日語ny尼揚賈語tt塔塔爾語
cu古教會斯拉夫語jv爪哇語oc奧克語tw特威語
cv楚瓦什語ka格魯吉亞語oj奧吉布瓦語ty塔希提語
cy威爾士語kg剛果語om奧羅莫語ug維吾爾語
da丹麥語ki基庫尤語or奧利亞語uk烏克蘭語
de德語kj寬亞瑪語os奧塞梯語ur烏爾都語
dv迪維希語kk哈薩克語pa旁遮普語uz烏茲別克語
dz不丹語kl格陵蘭語pi巴利語ve文達語
ee艾維語km高棉語pl波蘭語vi越南語
el現代希臘語kn卡納達語ps普什圖語vo沃拉普克語
en英語ko朝鮮語、韓語pt葡萄牙語wa沃伦语
eo世界语kr卡努里语qu凱楚亞語wo沃洛夫語
es西班牙語ks克什米尔語rm罗曼什語xh科萨语
et爱沙尼亚语ku库尔德語rn基隆迪語yi依地语
eu巴斯克語kv科米語ro羅馬尼亞語yo约鲁巴语
fa波斯语kw康沃尔语ru俄語za狀語
ff富拉語ky吉尔吉斯语rw盧旺達語zh中文、漢語
fi芬蘭語la拉丁語sa梵語zu祖魯語
fj斐濟語lb盧森堡語sc薩丁尼亞語  
fo法羅語lg卢干达语sd信德语
"^^ . . . "498"^^ . "498"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ISO 639-1ISO 639-2名稱更改日期更改類型曾用代碼
ioido伊多語2002年1月15日新增art
wawln瓦龍語2002年1月29日新增roa
lilim林堡語2002年8月2日新增gem
iiiii四川省彝語（諾蘇語）2002年10月14日新增
anarg阿拉貢語2002年12月23日新增roa
hthat海地克裡奧耳語2003年2月26日新增cpf
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "metadata mbox-small" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n \"\"\n
\n
茲頁面裡勢有福州話特殊其漢字。部分操作系統共瀏覽器需要特殊字母共符号其支持乍會正確顯示Unicode擴展漢字，儷是無其話，可能會顯示亂碼、方框等等。
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 廿四節氣\n
  坐標系    節氣     曆
  春
  315°  立春    2月4號遘5號
  330°  雨水  2月18號遘19號
  345°  驚蟄    3月5號遘6號
  0°  春分  3月20號遘21號
  15°  清明    4月4號遘5號
  30°  穀雨  4月20號遘21號
  夏
  45°  立夏    5月5號遘6號
  60°  小滿  5月21號遘22號
  75°  芒種    6月5號遘6號
  90°  夏至  6月21號遘22號
  105°  小暑    7月7號遘8號
  120°  大暑  7月22號遘23號
  秋
  135°  立秋    8月7號遘8號
  150°  處暑  8月23號遘24號
  165°  白露    9月7號遘8號
  180°  秋分  9月23號遘24號
  195°  寒露    10月8號遘9號
  210°  霜降    10月23號遘24號
  冬
  225°  立冬    11月7號遘8號
  240°  小雪  11月22號遘23號
  255°  大雪    12月7號遘8號
  270°  冬至  12月21號遘22號
  285°  小寒    1月5號遘6號
  300°  大寒  1月20號遘21號
"^^ . . . "304"^^ . "304"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"元維基臺中其信息：
\n
\n Wikimedia Foundation\n
"^^ . . . "304"^^ . "304"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"維基新聞專題報導：
\n
\n 維基媒體\n
"^^ . . . "599"^^ . "599"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
維基媒體基金會其項目
公眾項目
維基百科（行去）維基辭典（行去）維基課本（前往）維基語錄（前往）
維基文庫（前往）維基共享（行去）維基物種（行去）維基新聞（行去）
維基學院（行去）維基數據（行去）維基導遊（行去）MediaWiki（行去）
內部計劃
元維基（行去）維基媒體國際會議（行去）維基孵卵場（行去）
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 福建\n
別稱閩
省會福州
面積121,400 km²
人口35,110,000 (2004)
人均GDP¥21,152
民族福建儂:
漢族 - 98%
畲族 - 1%
回族 - 0.3%
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 臺北\n
行政區類別市
面積271.8 km²
人口2,626,104 (2007)
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
歡迎汝光臨平話維基百科，閩東語其維基百科！維基百科是自由其百科全書，敆嚽塊，每蜀隻儂都會使貢獻自家其知識。會仈講福州話或者福安話𣍐？噲汝固敆𡅏等什乇？！快快齊來參蜀骹！現刻時，平話維基百科都領有15,456篇文章。儂家使閩東語其平話字共漢字齊寫文章。儂家講好儷使正體字寫漢字條目，伓使簡體字。總款做是好是呆？有什乇意見建議起動汝遘大樹下去留話。（汝𣍐曉蔣寫閩東語其漢字？無敆涉，先覷蜀覷嚽塊！）
漢字無能耐顯示？無敆涉，Wikipedia:Unicode擴展漢字會對手汝！界面看𣍐習慣？噲就去Help:界面幫助覷蜀覷！
Min Dong language (Eastern Min) is one of the Sino-Tibetan languages spoken natively in Fuzhou, Ningde and Matsu. Not a Min Dong speaker? Please come here if you have any comments or questions.
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Può-dièng\n
行政區類別地級市
面積4,200 km²
人口3百萬
人均GDP¥8,756 （2003年）
民族漢族
語言莆仙話共普通話
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chile Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
República de Chile
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Chile gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭSantiago
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 756.102,4 km2
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngSă̤-băng-ngà-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • ìng-kēu: 17.574.003 nè̤ng 2017 nièng gŭ-gié
    • \n


"^^ . . . "800"^^ . "800"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 閩東語音韻數量其對比\n
分類南片方言北片方言蠻講/蠻話
方言福州福清古田寧德福鼎福安蒼南錢庫
聲母數量15151515151729
韻母數量46425169415639
聲調數量7777777
"^^ . . . "821"^^ . "821"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 閩東語聲調對比\n
陰平陽平上聲陰去陽去陰入陽入
福州話˦˦ 44˥˧ 53˧˩ 31˨˩˧ 213˨˦˨ 242˨˧ 23˥ 5
福安話˧˧˨ 332˨˨ 22˦˨ 42˨˩ 21˧˨˦ 324˨ 2˥ 5
寧德話˦˦ 44˩˩ 11˦˨ 42˧˥ 35˥˨ 52˦ 4˥ 5
福鼎話˦˦˥ 445˨˩˨ 212˥˥ 55˥˧ 53˨˨ 22˥ 5˨˧ 23
泰順蠻講˨˩˧ 213˧˧ 33˦˥˥ 455˥˧ 53˦˨ 42˥ 5˦˧ 43
蒼南蠻話
（錢庫）		˦˦ 44˨˩˦ 214˦˥ 45˦˩ 41˨˩ 21˥ 5˨˩ 21
蒼南蠻話
（繆家橋）		˧˧ 33˨˩˧ 213˦˥ 45˦˩ 41˩˩ 11˥ 5˩ 1
"^^ . . . "866"^^ . "866"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 閩東語數字讀音對比\n
一二三四五六七八九十
福州話suɔʔ4/iʔ23nei242/laŋ242saŋ44sei213ŋou242/ŋu31løyʔ4tsʰeiʔ23paiʔ23kau31seiʔ4
馬祖話suoʔ5/eik13nei242/lɑŋ242saŋ55sei312ŋou131løyk5tsʰeik13paik13kau33seik5
福清話syo53/eʔ22ne41/laŋ41saŋ53se21ŋo41/ŋu33luʔ5tsʰeʔ22peʔ22kau33seʔ5
古田話syøk5/ik2ni324/laŋ324saŋsi21ŋu324løyk5tsʰik2peik2kau42seik5
寧德話syøʔ5/ek2nei332/naŋ332sam44sei35ŋou332lœk5tsʰek2pɛk2kau42sɛk5/sɛp5
福安話eik5nei23/laŋ23saŋ332sei35ŋou23/ŋu42lœk2/louk2tsʰeik5pɛik5kou42/kieu42sɛik2
柘榮話ik5ni213/laŋ213saŋ42si35/su35ŋu213lœk2/luk2tsʰik5pɛk5kau51/kiu51sɛk2
"^^ . . . "872"^^ . "872"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"維基新聞專題報導：
\n
\n 閩東語\n
"^^ . . . "146"^^ . "146"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Ronald Reagan ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
西班牙王國
Reino de España
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
旗徽章
自然地理
（實際控制）
首都馬德里
面積\n
    \n
  • 國土面積：504 645 km2
    • \n
人民生活
官方語言西班牙語
人口\n
政治文化
領導人\n \n
經濟實力
貨幣單位歐元
GDP$1.394萬億 （2013年）
人均GDP$30, 741（2013年）
HDI0.885（2013年）
國家資料
國家代號ESP
國際域名縮寫.es
國際電話區號+34
"^^ . . . "1755"^^ . "1755"^^ . "wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 各國ISBN國際標準書號代碼舉例\n
國家或者地區國際標準書號代碼語言
\"\" Mī-guók978-0 978-1英語
\"\" Ĭng-guók 共 \"\" 愛爾蘭978-0 978-1英語、威爾士語、盖尔語
\"\" Ó̤-ciŭ978-0 978-1英語
\"\" Gă-nā-dâi978-0 978-1 978-2英語、法語
\"\" Niū-să̤-làng978-0 978-1英語
模板:ZAF978-0 978-1英語、祖魯語、南非荷蘭語
模板:ZIM978-0 978-1英語
模板:SWZ978-0英語、斯瓦蒂語
模板:GIB978-0 978-1英語、西班牙語
模板:FRA978-2 979-10法語、科西嘉語
模板:BEL978-2法語、德語、荷蘭語<弗拉芒語>
模板:SUI978-2 978-3法語、德語、意大利語、羅曼語
模板:LUX978-2 978-99959法語、德語、盧森堡語
模板:DEU978-3德語
模板:AUT978-3德語
模板:JAP978-4日語
模板:SUHH978-5俄語
模板:IRN978-600 978-964波斯語
模板:KAZ978-601 978-9965哈薩克語、俄語
模板:IDN978-602 978-979印度尼西亞語、英語
模板:SAU978-603 978-9960阿拉伯語
模板:VNM978-604越南語
模板:TUR978-605 978-975 978-9944土耳其語、庫爾德語
模板:ROU978-606 978-973羅馬尼亞語
模板:MEX978-607 978-968 978-970墨西哥語
模板:MKD978-608馬其頓語
模板:LTU978-609 978-9955 978-9986立陶宛語、俄語
模板:THA978-611 978-616 978-974泰語
模板:PER978-612 978-9972西班牙語
模板:MUS978-613 978-99903 978-99949英語、法語、克里奧爾語
模板:LBN978-614 978-9953阿拉伯語、法語、英語
模板:HUN978-615 978-963匈牙利語
模板:GRC978-618 978-960希臘語
模板:BGR978-619 978-954保加利亞語
\"Dṳ̆ng-huà 中國大陸978-7簡體中文
模板:CZE978-80捷克語
模板:SVK978-80斯洛伐克語
模板:IND978-81 978-93印地語、英語
模板:NOR978-82挪威語
模板:POL978-83波蘭語、世界語
模板:ESP978-84西班牙語、加泰羅尼亞語
模板:BRA978-85葡萄牙語
模板:SRB978-86塞爾維亞語
模板:DNK978-87丹麥語
模板:ITA978-88意大利語
模板:ROK978-89韓語
模板:NLD978-90 978-94荷蘭語
模板:SWE978-91瑞典語
模板:EU978-92
國際非政府組織978-92
模板:ARG978-950 978-987西班牙語
模板:FIN978-951 978-952芬蘭語、瑞典語
模板:HRV978-953克羅地亞語
模板:LKA978-955僧伽羅語、泰米爾語
模板:CHL978-956西班牙語
模板:TWN978-957 978-986正體中文
模板:COL978-958西班牙語
模板:CUB978-959西班牙語
模板:SVN978-961斯洛文尼亞語
模板:HKG978-962 978-988繁體中文、英語
模板:ISR978-965希伯來語、阿拉伯語
模板:MYS978-967馬來語、英語、簡體中文
模板:PAK978-969英語
模板:PHI978-971菲律賓語、英語
模板:PRT978-972 978-989葡萄牙語
模板:Country data 加勒比共同體978-976英語
模板:EGY978-977阿拉伯語
模板:NGA978-978英語、豪薩語、約魯巴語、伊博語
模板:VEN978-980西班牙語
模板:SGP978-981 978-9971英語、簡體中文、馬來語、泰米爾語
南太平洋978-982英語
模板:BGD978-984英語、孟加拉語
模板:BLR978-985俄語、白俄羅斯語
模板:QAT978-9927 978-99921阿拉伯語、英語
模板:ALB978-9928 978-99927阿爾巴尼亞語
模板:GTM978-9929 978-99922 978-99939西班牙語
模板:CRI978-9930 978-9968 978-9977西班牙語
模板:DZA978-9931 978-9947阿拉伯語、法語
模板:LAO978-9932老撾語
模板:SYR978-9933阿拉伯語、英語、法語
模板:LVA978-9934 978-9984拉脫維亞語、俄語
模板:ISL978-9935 978-9979冰島語
模板:AFG978-9936波斯語
模板:NPL978-9937 978-99933 978-99946尼泊爾語、英語
模板:TUN978-9938 978-9973阿拉伯語
模板:ARM978-9939 978-99930亞美尼亞語
模板:MNE978-9940 978-86塞爾維亞語、黑山語
模板:GEO978-9941 978-99928 978-99940格魯吉亞語、俄語
模板:ECU978-9942 978-9978西班牙語
模板:UZB978-9943烏茲別克語、俄語
模板:DOM978-9945西班牙語、英語
模板:PRK978-9946朝鮮語
模板:ARE978-9948阿拉伯語、英語
模板:EST978-9949 978-9985愛沙尼亞語、俄語
模板:PSE978-9950阿拉伯語
模板:Country data 科索沃978-9951阿爾巴尼亞語、塞爾維亞語
模板:AZE978-9952阿塞拜疆語、俄語
模板:MAR978-9954 978-9981阿拉伯語、法語、西班牙語
模板:CMR978-9956法語、英語
模板:JOR978-9957阿拉伯語
模板:BIH978-9958波斯尼亞語、塞爾維亞語、克羅地亞語
模板:LBY978-9959阿拉伯語
模板:PAN978-9962西班牙語
模板:CYP978-9963希臘語、土耳其語
模板:GHA978-9964 978-9988英語
模板:KEN978-9966斯瓦希里語、英語
模板:KGZ978-9967吉爾吉斯語<柯爾克孜語>、俄語
模板:UGA978-9970英語、斯瓦西里語、盧甘達語
模板:URY978-9974西班牙語
模板:MDA978-9975摩爾多瓦語、俄語
模板:TZA978-9976 978-9987斯瓦西里語、英語
模板:PNG978-9980英語、巴布亞皮欽語
模板:ZAM978-9982英語
模板:GAM978-9983英語
模板:BHR978-99901 978-99958阿拉伯語、英語
模板:GAB978-99902法語
模板:ANT 共 模板:ABW978-99904荷蘭語、英語、西班牙語、帕彼曼都語
模板:BOL978-99905 978-99954西班牙語
模板:KWT978-99906阿拉伯語、英語
模板:MWI978-99908 978-99960英語、奇契瓦語
模板:MLT978-99909 978-99932 978-99957马耳他語、英語
模板:SLE978-99910英語
模板:LSO978-99911英語、賽蘇陀語
模板:BWA978-99912 978-99968茨瓦納語、英語
模板:AND978-99913 978-99920加泰羅尼語
模板:SUR978-99914荷蘭語
模板:MDV978-99915迪維希語
模板:NAM978-99916 978-99945英語、荷蘭語
模板:BRN978-99917馬來語、英語
模板:FRO978-99918法羅語、丹麥語
模板:BEN978-99919法語
模板:SLV978-99923 978-99961西班牙語
模板:NIC978-99924 978-99964西班牙語
模板:PRY978-99925 978-99953西班牙語、瓜拉尼語
模板:HND978-99926西班牙語
模板:MNG978-99929 978-99962喀尔喀蒙古語
模板:SYC978-99931克里奧爾語、英語、法語
模板:HTI978-99935法語、克里奧爾語
模板:BTN978-99936不丹語<宗卡語>、英語
模板:MAC978-99937 978-99965繁體中文、葡萄牙語
模板:SRB978-99938 978-99955塞維維亞語
模板:SDN978-99942阿拉伯語、英語
模板:ETH978-99944阿姆哈拉語、英語、意大利語
模板:TJK978-99947塔吉克語、烏茲別克語、俄語
模板:ERI978-99948提格雷尼亞語、阿拉伯語、英語
模板:CAM978-99950 978-99963高棉語、英語、法語
模板:COG978-99951法語、剛果語、莫努庫圖巴語、林加拉語
\"\" Mali978-99952法語、班巴拉語
模板:OMN978-99969阿拉伯語
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Uŏk-nàng Siâ-huôi ciō-ngiê Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
gáik-ngiòng: Độc lập, Tự do, Hạnh phúc
dŭk lĭk, cê̤ṳ-iù, hìng-hók
guók-gŏ̤: Céng gŭng gŏ̤
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Uŏk-nàng gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭHà Nội
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 331,210
    • \n

̩ km2

sì-kṳ̆UTC+7
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngUŏk-nàng-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôSiâ-huôi ciō-ngiê
liāng-dô-ìng\n \n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiUŏk-nàng đồng
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$3588.89 é (2013 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$4,001.287(2013 nièng)
HDI0.617(2012 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤VNM
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.vn
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+84
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Microsoft Corporation
公司類型上市公司
股票代號納斯達克：MSFT
成立1975年4月4號
\"Mī-guók\" 美國新墨西哥州阿爾伯克基
創辦人比爾·蓋茨、保羅·艾倫
\n 董事長John W. Thompson
首席執行官薩帝亞·納德拉
\n 總部地點\"Mī-guók\"美國華盛頓州雷德蒙德微軟道1號總部園區
標語口號下蜀萆未來潛力
Be What's Next.
\n 業務地區世界各地
產業電腦軟件
电子游戲
電腦硬件
互聯網
產品\n
\n \n
營業額

▲ 778.5億美元

（2013）
息稅前利潤▲ 267.6億美元（2013）
淨利潤▲ 218.6億美元（2013）
總資產▲ 1424.3億美元（2013）
\n 資產淨值▲ 789.4億美元（2013）
員工人數97,000人（2013）
市值2720.29億美元
網址http://www.microsoft.com
備註
"^^ . . . "201"^^ . "201"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "166"^^ . "166"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Barack Obama
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
George W. Bush		Mī-guók cūng-tūng
2009 nièng - 2017 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Donald Trump
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Báik-lìng
Berlin
—  Siàng-chê  —
\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Gì
Hŭi-ciŏng
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Báik-lìng\"\n
\n
\n Báik-lìng\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Cô̤-biĕu: 52°31′00″N 13°23′20″E / 52.51667°N 13.38889°E / 52.51667; 13.38889
Guók-gă \"\" Dáik-guók
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 105.4 km2
Ìng-kēu (2019)
 - Sū-iū3,748,148 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô35,561.2/km2
Uōng-cângwww.berlin.de
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Sydney
—  siàng-chê  —
Sydney
\n
Sydney
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Sydney\"\n
\n
\n Sydney\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Guók-gă \"\" Ó̤-ciŭ
Ciŭ Sĭng Nàng Wales
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 12,367.7 km2
Ìng-kēu (2018)
 - Sū-iū5,230,330 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô422.9/km2
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lò̤-mā
Roma
—  Siàng-chê  —
\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Gì
Hŭi-ciŏng
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Lò̤-mā\"\n
\n
\n Lò̤-mā\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Cô̤-biĕu: 41°53′N 12°30′E / 41.883°N 12.500°E / 41.883; 12.500
Guók-gă \"\" É-dâi-lé
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 1,285 km2
Ìng-kēu (2018)
 - Sū-iū4,355,725 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô3,389.7/km2
Uōng-cângwww.comune.roma.it
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ngā-diēng
Αθήνα
—  Siàng-chê  —
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Ngā-diēng\"\n
\n
\n Ngā-diēng\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Cô̤-biĕu: 52°31′00″N 13°23′20″E / 52.51667°N 13.38889°E / 52.51667; 13.38889
Guók-gă \"\" Hĭ-lé-nà̤
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 38.964 km2
Ìng-kēu (2012)
 - Sū-iū664,046 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô17,042.6/km2
Uōng-cângwww.cityofathens.gr
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái Uòng-guók
ราชอาณาจักรไทย
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
gáik-ngiòng: ชาติ ศาสนา พระมหากษัตริย์
\"Mìng-cŭk, cŭng-gáu, guók-uòng\"
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Tái-guók gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭBangkok
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 513,120 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 51 miàng
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 64,785,909 nè̤ng 2011 nièng puō-că, sié-gái dâ̤ 20 miàng
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 132.1 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 88 miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Wellington
Te Whanganui-a-Tara
—  Siū-dŭ  —
\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Gì
Hŭi-gé
Nguôi-hô̤: Windy Wellington, Wellywood
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Wellington\"\n
\n
\n Wellington\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Wellington găk Niū-să̤-làng
Cô̤-biĕu: 41°17′20″S 174°46′38″E / 41.28889°S 174.77722°E / -41.28889; 174.77722
Guók-gă \"\" Niū-să̤-làng
Duâi-kṳ̆ Wellington Duâi-kṳ̆
Gông gâe̤ng chê Wellington Chê
Lower Hutt Chê
Upper Hutt Chê
Porirua Chê
Céng-hū
 - Chê-diōng Justin Lester (Labour)
Miêng-cék
 - Dŭ-huôi-kṳ̆442 km2
 - population metro1,388 km2
Hāi-băk (có̤i gèng) 495 m
Hāi-băk (có̤i dă̤) 0 m
Iù-céng biĕng-mā5010, 5011, 5012, 5013, 5014, 5016, 5018, 5019, 5022, 5024, 5026, 5028, 6011, 6012, 6021, 6022, 6023, 6035, 6037
Diêng-uâ kṳ̆-mā04
Uōng-cângwww.wellingtonnz.com
"^^ . . . "207"^^ . "207"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Sĭng-dé̤ṳk-chê ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Bangkok
กรุงเทพมหานคร
—  Siàng-chê  —
\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Gì
Hŭi-ciŏng
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Bangkok\"\n
\n
\n Bangkok\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Cô̤-biĕu: 13°45′09″N 100°29′39″E / 13.75250°N 100.49417°E / 13.75250; 100.49417
Guók-gă \"\" Tái-guók
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 1,568.737 km2
Ìng-kēu (2010)
 - Sū-iū8,305,218 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô5,294.2/km2
Uōng-cângwww.bangkok.go.th
"^^ . . . "201"^^ . "201"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Gă-ngiê-chê ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók Hiŏng-gē̤ng Dĕk-biék Hèng-céng-kṳ̆
中華人民共和國香港特別行政區
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Hiŏng-gē̤ng gì sū-câi.
Siū-hūHiŏng-gē̤ng-dō̤
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 1,104.43 km2
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngPū-tŭng-uâ, Uŏk-ngṳ̄, Ĭng-ngṳ̄
Tŭng-ê̤ṳng ngṳ̄-ngiòngUŏk-ngṳ̄, Ĭng-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôcṳ̆-buōng-ciō-ngiê
liāng-dô-ìng\n


gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiHiŏng-gē̤ng dollar
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$3028.14 é (2013 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$55,383(2013 nièng)
HDI0.891(2014 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤HKG
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.hk
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+852
"^^ . . . "1811"^^ . "1811"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
族→123456789101112131415161718電子層0族電子數
\n
週期↓ⅠA0
11
H
氫
1.008		Ⅱ AⅢ AⅣ AV AⅥ AⅦ A2
He
氦
4.003




K




2
23
Li
鋰
6.941		4
Be
鈹
9.012		5
B
硼
10.81		6
C
碳
12.01		7
N
氮
14.01		8
O
氧
16.00		9
F
氟
19.00		10
Ne
氖
20.18



L
K



8
2
311
Na
鈉
22.99		12
Mg
鎂
24.31		Ⅲ BⅣ BV BⅥ BⅦBⅧ
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n ⏞\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\overbrace {\\qquad \\qquad \\qquad } }\n \n \n \"{\\displaystyle		I BⅡ B13
Al
鋁
26.98		14
Si
硅
28.09		15
P
磷
30.97		16
S
硫
32.07		17
Cl
氯
35.45		18
Ar
氬
39.95


M
L
K


8
8
2
419
K
鉀
39.1		20
Ca
鈣
40.08		21
Sc
鈧
44.96		22
Ti
鈦
47.88		23
V
釩
50.94		24
Cr
鉻
52.00		25
Mn
錳
54.94		26
Fe
鐵
55.85		27
Co
鈷
58.93		28
Ni
鎳
58.69		29
Cu
銅
63.55		30
Zn
鋅
65.39		31
Ga
鎵
69.72		32
Ge
鍺
72.59		33
As
砷
74.92		34
Se
硒
78.96		35
Br
溴
79.90		36
Kr
氪
83.80

N
M
L
K

8
18
8
2
537
Rb
銣
85.47		38
Sr
鍶
87.62		39
Y
釔
88.91		40
Zr
鋯
91.22		41
Nb
鈮
92.91		42
Mo
鉬
95.94		43
Tc
鍀
(97.91)		44
Ru
釕
101.1		45
Rh
銠
102.9		46
Pd
鈀
106.4		47
Ag
銀
107.9		48
Cd
鎘
112.4		49
In
銦
114.8		50
Sn
錫
118.7		51
Sb
銻
121.8		52
Te
碲
127.6		53
I
碘
126.7		54
Xe
氙
131.3
O
N
M
L
K
8
18
18
8
2
655
Cs
銫
132.9		56
Ba
鋇
137.3		57-
71
鑭系
元素		72
Hf
鉿
178.5		73
Ta
鉭
180.9		74
W
鎢
183.9		75
Re
錸
186.2		76
Os
鋨
190.2		77
Ir
銥
192.2		78
Pt
鉑
195.1		79
Au
金
197.0		80
Hg
汞
200.6		81
Tl
鉈
204.4		82
Pb
鉛
207.2		83
Bi
鉍
209.0		84
Po
釙
(209.0)		85
At
砹
(210.0)		86
Rn
氡
(222.0)		P
O
N
M
L
K		8
18
32
18
8
2
787
Fr
鈁
(223.0)		88
Ra
鐳
226.0		89-
103
錒系
元素		104
Rf
鑪
(265.1)		105
Db
𨧀
(268.1)		106
Sg
𨭎
(271.1)		107
Bh
𨨏
(270.1)		108
Hs
𨭆
(277.2)		109
Mt
䥑
(276.2)		110
Ds
鐽
(281.2)		111
Rg
錀
(280.2)		112
Cn
鎶
(285.2)		113
Nh
鉨
(284.2)		114
Fl
鈇
(289.2)		115
Mc
鏌
(288.2)		116
Lv
鉝
(293.2)		117
Ts
鿬
(294.2)		118
Og
鿫
(294.2)		Q
P
O
N
M
L
K		8
18
32
32
18
8
2
鑭系元素57
La
鑭
138.9		58
Ce
鈰
140.1		59
Pr
鐠
140.9		60
Nd
釹
144.2		61
Pm
鉕
(144.9)		62
Sm
釤
150.4		63
Eu
銪
152.0		64
Gd
釓
157.3		65
Tb
鋱
158.9		66
Dy
鏑
162.5		67
Ho
鈥
164.9		68
Er
鉺
167.3		69
Tm
銩
168.9		70
Yb
鐿
173.0		71
Lu
鑥
175.0
錒系元素89
Ac
錒
(227.0)		90
Th
釷
232.0		91
Pa
鏷
231.0		92
U
鈾
238.0		93
Np
鎿
237.1		94
Pu
鈈
244.1		95
Am
鎇
(243.1)		96
Cm
鋦
247.1		97
Bk
錇
(247.1)		98
Cf
鐦
(252.1)		99
Es
鎄
(252.1)		100
Fm
鐨
(257.1)		101
Md
鍆
(258.1)		102
No
鍩
(259.1)		103
Lr
鐒
(262.1)
"^^ . . . "389"^^ . "389"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ciōng Gĭng-guók
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Ngièng Gă-gâng		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók (Dài-uăng) cūng-tūng
1978 nièng - 1988 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Lī Dĕng-hŭi
céng-dōng cék-ô
sèng siŏh êng:
Ciōng Gái-sĭk (cūng-cài)		Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng ciō-sĭk
1975 nièng - 1988 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Lī Dĕng-hŭi
"^^ . . . "368"^^ . "368"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ciōng Gái-sĭk
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Tàng Iòng-kāi
(guók-mìng céng-hū ciō-sĭk)		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók guók-mìng céng-hū ciō-sĭk
1928 nièng - 1931 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Lìng Sĕng
sèng siŏh êng:
Lìng Sĕng		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók guók-mìng céng-hū ciō-sĭk
1943 nièng - 1948 nièng		mò̤
nguòng-ĭng: Gāi-miàng hô̤ lā̤ cūng-tūng
mò̤
nguòng-ĭng: Téng guók-mìng céng-hū ciō-sĭk gāi-miàng		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók cūng-tūng
1948 nièng - 1949 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Lī Cŭng-ìng
sèng siŏh êng:
Lī Cŭng-ìng		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók cūng-tūng
1950 nièng - 1975 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Ngièng Gă-gâng
céng-dōng cék-ô
sèng siŏh êng:
Hù Háng-mìng		Dṳ̆ng-guók Guók-mìng-dōng cūng-cài
1938 nièng - 1975 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Ciōng Gĭng-guók
(ciō-sĭk)
"^^ . . . "308"^^ . "308"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mā Ĭng-giū
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Dìng Cūi-biēng		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók (Dài-uăng) cūng-tūng
2009 nièng - 2016 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Chái Ĭng-ùng
"^^ . . . "368"^^ . "368"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dìng Cūi-biēng
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Lī Dĕng-hŭi		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók (Dài-uăng) cūng-tūng
2000 nièng - 2008 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Mā Ĭng-giū
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Báik-guámiàng-cê
(Háng-cê)		miàng-cê
(Bàng-uâ-cê)		cê̤ṳ-iònghuŏng-ôi
乾gièngtiĕngsă̤-báe̤k
坤kŏngdêsă̤-nàng
震cīnglòidĕ̤ng
巽sáunghŭngdĕ̤ng-nàng
坎kāngcūibáe̤k
離liêhuōinàng
艮gáungsăngdĕ̤ng-báe̤k
兌dô̤idĕksă̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n È̤ng-sáik\n
 
Ngàng-sáik cṳ̆-lâiu
Hex#FF0000
RGB(r, g, b)(255, 0, 0)
CMYK(c, m, y, k) *(0, 100, 100, 0)
HSV(h, s, v)(0%, 100%, 100%)
 *: Dǐk-mĭk diŏh [ 0–255 ] dâi-dŏng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Ŭ-sáik\n
 
Ngàng-sáik cṳ̆-lâiu
Hex#000000
RGB(r, g, b)(0, 0, 0)
CMYK(c, m, y, k) *(0, 0, 0, 100 †)
HSV(h, s, v)(-%, -%, 0%)
 *: Dǐk-mĭk diŏh [ 0–255 ] dâi-dŏng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Muōi-sì
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
(muôi hŭng ngék)Monocots
(muôi hŭng ngék)Commelinids
mŭk:Poales
kuŏ:Cyperaceae
sṳ̆k:Eleocharis
cṳ̄ng:E. dulcis
Hŏk-miàng
Eleocharis dulcis
(Burm.f.) Trin. ex Hensch.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dâi-chĭng-guók

大清國
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
←\"Flag
←\"Flag		1636 nièng - 1912 nièng\"Flag→
\"Flag→
\"Flag→
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
guók-gìguók-hŭi
guók-gŏ̤: Gṳ̄ng gĭng-ĕu
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)
Siū-dŭSông-tiĕng
Miêng-cék
-1760 nièng:13,150,000 km2
-1790 nièng:14,700,000 km2


Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngMuāng-ciŭ-ngṳ̄
tŭng-ê̤ṳng ngṳ̄-ngiòngMuāng-ciŭ-ngṳ̄, Háng-ngṳ̄, Mùng-gū-ngṳ̄, Câung-ngṳ̄, Mì-ngù-ī-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu
-1740 nièng:140,000,000 nè̤ng
-1776 nièng:268,238,000 nè̤ng
-1790 nièng:301,000,000 nè̤ng


Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôgŭng-ciō-cié
huòng-dá̤
-1611 nièng - 1661 nièng:Sông-dê
-1661 nièng - 1722 nièng:Kŏng-hĭ
-1735 nièng - 1795 nièng:Gièng-lṳ̀ng
-1908 nièng - 1912 nièng:Sŏng-tūng
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiliōng
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
-1636 nièng:gāi guók-hô̤ Dâi-chĭng
-1644 nièng:ciéng-liāng Báe̤k-gĭng
-1683 nièng:miĕk Dài-uăng
-1840 nièng:Ă-piéng Ciéng-cĕng
-1912 nièng:Sŏng-tūng tó̤i-ôi
"^^ . . . "1789"^^ . "1789"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
chiôngnièng-hô̤miêu-hô̤ié-hô̤miàng-cêcâi-ôi
1Tiĕng-mêng
天命		Tái-cū
太祖		Gŏ̤-huòng-dá̤
高皇帝		Nū-ī-hăk-cà̤
努爾哈齊		1616 - 1626
2Tiĕng-chŭng
天聰
Cùng-dáik
崇德		Tái-cŭng
太宗		Ùng-huòng-dá̤
文皇帝		Huòng Tái-gĭk
皇太極		1626 - 1643
3Sông-dê
順治		Sié-cū
世祖		Ciŏng-huòng-dá̤
章皇帝		Hók-lìng
福臨		1643-1661
4Kŏng-hĭ
康熙		Séng-cū
聖祖		Ìng-huòng-dá̤
仁皇帝		Hièng-iék
玄燁		1661 - 1722
5Ṳ̆ng-céng
雍正		Sié-cŭng
世宗		Hièng-huòng-dá̤
憲皇帝		Êng-cĭng
胤禛		1722 - 1735
6Gièng-lṳ̀ng
乾隆		Gŏ̤-cŭng
高宗		Sùng-huòng-dá̤
純皇帝		Hùng-lĭk
弘曆		1735 - 1795
7Gă-kéng
嘉慶		Ìng-cŭng
仁宗		Iô-huòng-dá̤
睿皇帝		Īng-iēng
顒琰		1796 - 1820
8Dô̤-guŏng
道光		Sŏng-cŭng
宣宗		Sìng-huòng-dá̤
成皇帝		Mìng-nìng
旻寧		1820 - 1850
9Hièng-hŭng
咸豐		Ùng-cŭng
文宗		Hièng-huòng-dá̤
憲皇帝		Ĭk-cê̤ṳ
奕詝		1850 - 1861
10Dùng-dê
同治		Mŭk-cŭng
穆宗		Ngiê-huòng-dá̤
毅皇帝		Cái-sùng
載淳		1861 - 1875
11Guŏng-sê̤ṳ
光緒		Dáik-cŭng
德宗		Gīng-huòng-dá̤
景皇帝		Cái-tièng
載湉		1875 - 1908
12Sŏng-tūng
宣統		mò̤mò̤Puō-ngì
溥儀		1908 - 1912
"^^ . . . "1789"^^ . "1789"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Chĭng-dièu ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "1789"^^ . "1789"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "14042"^^ . "14042"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Liù-giù guók-uòng liĕk-biēu\n
dùmiàng-cêHáng-cêcâi-ôi
\n
\n Shunten uòng-dièu\n
Shunten舜天1187–1237
Shunbajunki舜馬順熈1238–1248
Gihon義本1249–1259
\n
\n Eiso uòng-dièu\n
Eiso英祖1260–1299
Taisei大成1300–1308
Eiji英慈1309–1313
Tamagusuku玉城1314–1336
Seii西威1337–1354
\n
\n Satto uòng-dièu\n
\n Dṳ̆ng-săng guók-uòng\n
Satto察度1355–1397
Bunei武寧1398–1406
\n
\n Haniji uòng-dièu\n
\n Báe̤k-săng guók-uòng\n
Haniji怕尼芝1322?–1395?
Min珉1396?–1400
Hananchi攀安知1401?–1416
\n
\n Ofusato uòng-dièu\n
\n Nàng-săng guók-uòng\n
Ofusato承察度1314–1398
Oueishi汪英紫1398?–1402
Ououso汪応祖1403?–1413
Tafuchi達勃期1413?–1414?
Taromai他魯毎1414?–1429
\n
\n Dâ̤ 1 Siông-sê uòng-dièu\n
\n Liù-giù-guók Dṳ̆ng-săng-uòng\n
Siông Sṳ̆-siêu尚思紹1407–1421
Siông Bă-cé尚巴志1422–1439
Siông Dṳ̆ng尚忠1440–1442
Siông Sṳ̆-dăk尚思達1443–1449
Siông Gĭng-hók尚金福1450–1453
Siông Tái-giū尚泰久1454–1460
Siông Dáik尚徳1461–1469
\n
\n Dâ̤ 2 Siông-sê uòng-dièu\n
\n Liù-giù-guók Dṳ̆ng-săng-uòng\n
Siông Ièng尚円1470–1476
Siông Sŏng-ŭi尚宣威1477
Siông Cĭng尚眞1477–1526
Siông Chĭng尚清1527–1555
Siông Nguòng尚元1556–1572
Siông Īng尚永1573–1586
Siông Nìng尚寧1587–1620
Siông Hŭng尚豊1621–1640
Siông Hièng尚賢1641–1647
Siông Cék尚質1648–1668
Siông Dĭng尚貞1669–1709
Siông Iáh尚益1710–1712
Siông Géng尚敬1713–1751
Siông Mŭk尚穆1752–1795
Siông Ŭng尚温1796–1802
Siông Sìng尚成1803
Siông Hô̤尚灝1804–1828
Siông Ṳ̆k尚育1829–1847
Siông Tái尚泰1848 – 1879
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Gák-lì
Gák-lì
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Mollusca
gŏng:Bivalvia
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?cháe̤
cháe̤
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
(muôi hŭng ngék)Eudicots
(muôi hŭng ngék)Rosids
mŭk:Cucurbitales
kuŏ:Cucurbitaceae
sṳ̆k:Luffa
cṳ̄ng:L. aegyptiaca
Hŏk-miàng
Luffa aegyptiaca
Mill.
ê-miàng
\n
    \n
  • Cucurbita luffa hort.
    • \n
  • Luffa cylindrica M.Roem.
    • \n
  • Luffa aegyptica (lapsus)
    • \n
  • Luffa pentandra Roxb.
    • \n
  • Momordica cylindrica L.
    • \n
  • Momordica luffa L.
    • \n
"^^ . . . "200"^^ . "200"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Băh-ngiê
Băh-ngiê
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
gŏng:Insecta
ā-gŏng:Pterygota
hâ-gŏng:Neoptera
cūng-mŭk:Dictyoptera
mŭk:Blattodea
hâ-mŭk:Isoptera
kuŏ

Cratomastotermitidae
Mastotermitidae
Termopsidae
Archotermopsidae
Hodotermitidae
Stolotermitidae
Kalotermitidae
Archeorhinotermitidae
Stylotermitidae
Rhinotermitidae
Serritermitidae
Termitidae

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Káh-gă-ngṳ̄
Hak-kâ-ngî/客家語
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók, Dài-uăng
ciō-iéu dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók Guōng-dĕ̤ng, Gŏng-să̤, Hók-gióng gâe̤ng Dài-uăng
gōng gì ìng-kēu3400 uâng
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n Háng-cáung-ngṳ̄-hiê\n
    \n
  • Háng-ngṳ̄-cŭk\n
      \n
    • Káh-gă-ngṳ̄
      • \n
    • \n
\n
ùng-cêHáng-cê
Káh-gă Băh-uâ-cê
Guăng-huŏng dê-ôi
guăng-huŏng dê-ôimò̤, bók-guó sê Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók gì gău-tŭng ông-sók ngṳ̄-ngiòng
guāng-lī gĭ-gáiuDài-uăng káh-gă ūi-nguòng-huôi
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3hak

Káh-gă-ngṳ̄ sāi gì dê-huŏng
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Dṳ̆
Dṳ̆
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
 gă-iōng-huá
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
mŭk:Artiodactyla
kuŏ:Suidae
sṳ̆k:Sus
cṳ̄ng:S. scrofa
ā-cṳ̄ngS. s. domestica
Hŏk-miàng
Sus scrofa domestica
Linnaeus, 1758
ê-miàng
\n
\n Sus domestica\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Hù Gīng-dò̤
Mū-ngṳ̄-miàng胡锦涛
Chók-sié-nĭk1942 nièng 12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ \"Edit (77 huói)
Chók-sié-dêTái-ciŭ \"Edit
guók-cĭkDṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók \"Edit
â̤ gōngHáng-ngṳ̄ \"Edit
cŭng-gáuṲ̀-gă \"Edit
Mū-hâu江蘇省泰州中學, Chĭng-huà Dâi-hŏk \"Edit
Cék-ngiĕkcéng-dê-gă, Kang-têng-su \"Edit
Céng-dōngDṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng \"Edit
Lâu-mā劉永清 \"Edit
Giāng胡海峰, 胡海清 \"Edit
\n
\n [\n diŏh Wikidata gāi]\n
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "405"^^ . "405"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Hù Gīng-dò̤
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Gŏng Dĕk-mìng		Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
guók-gă ciō-sĭk
2003 nièng - 2013 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng
céng-dōng cék-ô
sèng siŏh êng:
Gŏng Dĕk-mìng		Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng
Dṳ̆ng-iŏng Ūi-nguòng-huôi cūng-cṳ̆-gé
2002 nièng - 2012 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gŏng Dĕk-mìng
Mū-ngṳ̄-miàng江泽民
Chók-sié-nĭk1926 nièng 8 nguŏk 17 hô̤ \"Edit (93 huói)
Chók-sié-dêKang-to͘-khu \"Edit
guók-cĭkDṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók, Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók \"Edit
Mū-ngṳ̄Háng-ngṳ̄ \"Edit
â̤ gōngHáng-ngṳ̄ \"Edit
cŭng-gáuDô̤-gáu \"Edit
Mū-hâu江蘇省揚州中學, 中央大學, 交通大學, Siông-hāi Gău-tŭng Dâi-hŏk, Nàng-gĭng Dâi-hŏk \"Edit
Cék-ngiĕkcéng-dê-gă, 電氣工程師 \"Edit
Céng-dōngDṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng \"Edit
Lâu-mā王冶坪 \"Edit
Giāng江綿恆, 江綿康 \"Edit
Nòng-bâ江世俊 \"Edit
Hiăng-diê ciā-muói江澤慧 \"Edit
\n
\n [\n diŏh Wikidata gāi]\n
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "456"^^ . "456"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gŏng Dĕk-mìng
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Iòng Siông-kŏng		Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
guók-gă ciō-sĭk
1993 nièng - 2003 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Hù Gīng-dò̤
céng-dōng cék-ô
sèng siŏh êng:
Diêu Ciē-iòng		Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng
Dṳ̆ng-iŏng Ūi-nguòng-huôi cūng-cṳ̆-gé
1989 nièng - 2002 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Hù Gīng-dò̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Áng-pŭng
Ampulex compressa
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
gŏng:Insecta
mŭk:Hymenoptera
ā-mŭk:Apocrita
cūng-kuŏ:Apoidea
kuŏ:Ampulicidae
sṳ̆k:Ampulex
cṳ̄ng:A. compressa
Hŏk-miàng
Ampulex compressa
(Fabricius, 1781)
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Gā-cō̤
Gā-cō̤
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
gŏng:Insecta
ā-gŏng:Pterygota
hâ-gŏng:Neoptera
cūng-mŭk:Endopterygota
mŭk:Siphonaptera
Latreille, 1825
mŭk

Ceratophyllomorpha
Hystrichopsyllomorpha
Pulicomorpha
Pygiopsyllomorpha

ê-miàng

Aphaniptera

"^^ . . . "300"^^ . "300"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lī Dĕng-hŭi
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Ciōng Gĭng-guók		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók (Dài-uăng) cūng-tūng
1988 nièng - 2000 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Dìng Cūi-biēng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lī Káik-giòng
Mū-ngṳ̄-miàng李克强
Chók-sié-nĭk1955 nièng 7 nguŏk 1 hô̤ \"Edit (65 huói)
Chók-sié-dêTēng-oán-koān \"Edit
guók-cĭkDṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók \"Edit
â̤ gōngHáng-ngṳ̄ Guăng-uâ, Ĭng-ngṳ̄ \"Edit
Hŏk-ôi經濟學博士 \"Edit
Mū-hâuBáe̤k-gĭng Dâi-hŏk \"Edit
Cék-ngiĕkcéng-dê-gă, 經濟學家, 政府首腦 \"Edit
Céng-dōngDṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng \"Edit
Lâu-mā程虹 \"Edit
Nòng-bâ李奉三 \"Edit
Hiăng-diê ciā-muói李克明 \"Edit
\n
\n [\n diŏh Wikidata gāi]\n
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
莆仙語
Pô-sing-gṳ̂/莆仙語
國家 / 地區中國福建、臺灣烏坵
主要區域中國福建莆田共仙遊，臺灣烏坵
講其人口差不多500萬
系屬\n
\n 漢藏語系\n \n
文字漢字
興化平話字
官方地位
官方語言無
管理機構無
語言代碼
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3cpx

莆仙語通用其範圍（黃色）
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
客家語
Hak-kâ-ngî/客家語
國家 / 地區中國、臺灣
主要區域中國廣東、廣西、福建共臺灣
講其人口3400萬
系屬\n
\n 漢藏語系\n \n
文字漢字
客家白話字
官方地位
官方語言無
管理機構無
語言代碼
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3hak

客家語使其地方
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Buò-siĕng-ngṳ̄
Pô-sing-gṳ̂/莆仙語
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók Hók-gióng, Dài-uăng Ŭ-kiŭ
ciō-iéu dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók Hók-gióng Buò-dièng gâe̤ng Siĕng-iù, Dài-uăng Ŭ-kiŭ
gōng gì ìng-kēuchă-bók-dŏ̤ 500 uâng
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n Háng-cáung-ngṳ̄-hiê\n
    \n
  • Háng-ngṳ̄-cŭk\n
      \n
    • Mìng-ngṳ̄-ciĕ\n
        \n
      • Buò-siĕng-ngṳ̄
        • \n
      • \n
    • \n
\n
ùng-cêHáng-cê
Hĭng-huá Bàng-uâ-cê
Guăng-huŏng dê-ôi
guăng-huŏng dê-ôimò̤
guāng-lī gĭ-gáiumò̤
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3cpx

Buò-siĕng-ngṳ̄ sāi gì dê-huŏng (uòng-sáik)
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "401"^^ . "401"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
《戚林八音》其
聲調名稱		圖形標示數字標示學界裏勢其
對應名稱
上平˥˥55陰平
上聲˧˧33陰上/陽上
上去˨˩˦214陰去
上入˨˦24陰入
下平˥˧53陽平
下去˨˦˨242陽去
下入˥5陽入
"^^ . . . "479"^^ . "479"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 福州話聲母體系表\n
組別無氣音有氣音鼻音其他
　喉嚨組　　　k　　　　kʰ　　　　ŋ　　　　ʔ　　　　　　h / ɸ
　嘴皮組　　　p　　　　pʰ　　　　m　　　　β　　
　牙一組　　　ts / tɕ　　　　tsʰ / tɕʰ 　　　ɳ　　　　ʝ　　　　　　z
　牙二組　　　t　　　　tʰ　　　　n　　　　l　　　　s / ɕ / θ / f　　
"^^ . . . "1146"^^ . "1146"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
聲母字　柳　邊　求　氣　低
國際音標　l　p　k　kʰ　t
聲母字　波　他　曾　日　時
國際音標　pʰ　tʰ　ts　n　s
聲母字　鶯　蒙　語　出　喜
國際音標　ʔ　m　ŋ　tsʰ　h
聲母字　打　掌　與　君　知
國際音標茲五字表示其聲母懸頂已經出現過去了。
"^^ . . . "1209"^^ . "1209"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 單韻母表\n
Lôi-biék韻母
鉚類　a　　e　　ø　　i　　y　　u　　o　
開類　ɑ　　ɛ / æ　　œ　　ɔ　
"^^ . . . "1258"^^ . "1258"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 雙韻母表\n
類別韻母
鉚類　ai　　au　　eu　
開類　ɑi　　au　　ɛi　　ɛu　
鉚類　ia　　ie　　ieu　　iu　
開類　iɑ　　iɛ　　iɛu　
鉚類　øy　　yo　　ya　
開類　ɔy　　yɔ　
鉚類　ua　　uai　　uo　　uoi　　ui　
開類　uɑ　　uɑi　　uɔ　　uɔi　　oi　
鉚類　ou　　iau　
開類
"^^ . . . "1728"^^ . "1728"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 鼻音韻母表\n \n
類別韻母
鉚　aŋ　　eiŋ　　　
開　ɑŋ　　ɑiŋ　
鉚　iŋ　　iaŋ　　ieŋ　
開　ɛiŋ　　iɑŋ　　iɛŋ　
鉚　yŋ　　øyŋ　　yoŋ　
開　　　ɔyŋ　　yɔŋ　
鉚　uŋ　　uaŋ　　uoŋ　　
開　ouŋ　　uɑŋ　　uɔŋ　　
鉚　m̩ / n̩ / ŋ̍　
開　ɔuŋ　
"^^ . . . "2266"^^ . "2266"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 韻尾表\n
類別韻母
鉚　akˀ　　eikˀ　　
開　ɑkˀ　　ɑikˀ　　
鉚　ikˀ　　iakˀ　　iekˀ　
開　ɛikˀ　　iɑkˀ　　iɛkˀ　
鉚　ykˀ　　øykˀ　　yokˀ　
開　øykˀ　　ɔykˀ　　yɔkˀ　
鉚　ukˀ　　uakˀ　　uokˀ　　
開　oukˀ　　uɑkˀ　　uɔkˀ　　
鉚　œkˀ　　oukˀ　
開　ɔukˀ　
"^^ . . . "2266"^^ . "2266"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 韻尾表\n
類別韻母
鉚　aˀ　　iaˀ　　uaˀ　　
開　ɑˀ　　iɑˀ　　uɑˀ　
鉚　oˀ　　uoˀ　　yoˀ　　
開　ɔˀ　　uɔˀ　　yɔˀ　　
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng
习近平


\n
\n Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng\n
Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng Dṳ̆ng-iŏng cūng-cṳ̆-gé
\n
\n Câi-êng\n
Cêu-êng
2012 nièng 11 nguŏk 15 hô̤
\n Sèng-êngHù Gīng-dò̤
Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók ciō-sĭk
\n
\n Câi-êng\n
\n Cêu-êng
2013 nièng 3 nguŏk 14 hô̤
Cūng-līLī Káik-giòng
\n Hó cūng-tūngLī Nguòng-dièu→Uòng Gì-săng
\n Sèng-êngHù Gīng-dò̤
Dṳ̆ng-iŏng Gŭng-sê̤ṳ Ūi-uòng-huôi hó-ciō-sĭk
\n
\n Câi-êng\n
\n Cêu-êng
2013 nièng 3 nguŏk 14 hô̤ (guók-gă)
2012 nièng 11 nguŏk 15 hô̤ (dōng)
Hó-chiūHuâng Diòng-lṳ̀ng
Hṳ̄ Gì-liông
\n Sèng-êngHù Gīng-dò̤
Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók hó-ciō-sĭk
\n Êng-gĭ
2008 nî 3 goe̍h 14 ji̍t – 2013 nî 3 goe̍h 14 ji̍t
\n Hó cūng-tūngLī Nguòng-dièu
\n Sèng-êngCĕng Kéng-hùng
\n Gié-êngLī Nguòng-dièu
Gó̤-ìng séng-sék
Chók-sié1953 nièng 6 nguŏk 15 hô̤ （1953-06-15）(67 huói)
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók Báe̤k-gĭng
Céng-dōngDṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng
Puói-ngēuKŏ̤ Lìng-lìng (柯玲玲, liê-huŏng)
Pàng Lâ̤-uòng (彭麗媛, 1987 nièng giék-huŏng)
GiāngSĭk Mìng-dĕk (習明澤, cṳ̆-niòng-giāng)
Diêu diŏhDṳ̆ng-nàng-hāi
Mū-hâuChĭng-huà Dâi-hŏk
"^^ . . . "512"^^ . "512"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Sĭk Gê̤ṳng-bìng
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Hù Gīng-dò̤		Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
guók-gă ciō-sĭk
2013 nièng -		hiêng-êng
céng-dōng cék-ô
sèng siŏh êng:
Hù Gīng-dò̤		Dṳ̆ng-guók Gê̤ṳng-sāng-dōng
Dṳ̆ng-iŏng Ūi-nguòng-huôi cūng-cṳ̆-gé
2012 nièng -		hiêng-êng
"^^ . . . "59"^^ . "59"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
中國歷史
史前 | 夏 | 商 | 周 （西周、東周、春秋、戰國） | 秦 | 漢 （西漢、新、東漢） | 三國 （曹魏、蜀漢、東吳） | 晉 （西晉、東晉） | 五胡十六國 （成漢、前趙、後趙、前涼、前燕、前秦、後燕、後晉、西晉、後涼、南涼、西涼、北涼、南燕、北燕、夏） | 南北朝 （南朝：劉宋、南齊、南梁、南陳；北朝：北魏、西魏、東魏、北周、北齊） | 隋 | 唐 | 五代十國 （五代：後梁、後唐、後晉、後漢、後周；十國：吳越、閩、荊南、馬楚、楊吳、南唐、南漢、北漢、前蜀、後蜀） | 宋 （北宋、南宋） | 遼 | 金 | 西夏 | 元 | 明 （南明） | 清 | 中华民國 | 中華人民共和國
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dièu-siēng Mìng-ciō-ciō-ngiê Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
조선민주주의인민공화국
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
gáik-ngiòng: 강성대국
Giòng-sìng duâi guók
guók-gŏ̤: Ái-guók-gŏ̤
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Dièu-siēng Mìng-ciō-ciō-ngiê Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭBìng-iōng
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 120,540
    • \n

̩ km2

sì-kṳ̆UTC+8:30
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngDièu-siēng-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôsiâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê
liāng-dô-ìng\n \n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiDièu-siēng-nguòng
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$450 é (2007 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$2400(2007 nièng)
HDI0.618(2011 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤PRK
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.kp
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+850
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
朝鮮民主主義人民共和國
조선민주주의인민공화국
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
旗徽章
格言：강성대국
強盛大國
國歌：愛國歌
自然地理
（實際控制）
首都平壤
面積\n
    \n
  • 國土面積：120,540 km2
    • \n
時區UTC+9
人民生活
官方語言朝鮮語
人口\n
政治文化
政治制度社會主義
領導人\n \n
經濟實力
貨幣單位朝鮮圓
GDP$450億 （2007年）
人均GDP$2400（2007年）
HDI0.618（2011年）
國家資料
國家代號PRK
國際域名縮寫.kp
國際電話區號+850
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
中華人民共和國香港特別行政區
中華人民共和國香港特別行政區
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
旗徽章
自然地理
（實際控制）
首府香港島
面積\n
    \n
  • 國土面積：1,104.43 km2
    • \n
人民生活
官方語言香港政府「兩文三語」政策
兩文：中文、英文
三語：普通話、粵語、英語
通用語言粵語、英語
人口\n
政治文化
政治制度資本主義
領導人\n \n
經濟實力
貨幣單位港元
GDP$3028.14億 （2013年）
人均GDP$55,383（2013年）
HDI0.891（2014年）
國家資料
國家代號HKG
國際域名縮寫.hk
國際電話區號+852
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Mā-ngiê
Mā-ngiê
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
gŏng:Insecta
mŭk:Hymenoptera
ā-mŭk:Apocrita
cūng-kuŏ:Vespoidea
kuŏ:Formicidae
Latreille, 1809
\n
\n Biological type \n
Formica
ā-kuŏ
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók
中華民國
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭDài-báe̤k
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 36,193
    • \n

̩ km2

sì-kṳ̆UTC+8
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngDṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók Guók-ngṳ̄
Tŭng-ê̤ṳng ngṳ̄-ngiòngDṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók Guók-ngṳ̄, Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄, Káh-gă-ngṳ̄, Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄(Mā-cū), Buò-siĕng-ngṳ̄(Ŭ-kiŭ)
ìng-kēu\n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôGê̤ṳng-huò-guók
liāng-dô-ìng\n \n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôisĭng-dài-bê
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$9770.88 é (2014 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$41,581(2014 nièng)
HDI0.890(2012 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤TWN
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.tw
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+886
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
粵語
粵語
國家 / 地區中國大陸、香港、澳門、馬來西亞……
主要區域中國廣東、廣西、香港、澳門
講其人口6600萬
系屬\n
\n 漢藏語系\n \n
文字漢字
官方地位
官方語言無
管理機構無
語言代碼
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3yue

粵語使其地方
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Sŭ-mì-ăi Siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók Lièng-mèng
Союз Советских Социалистических Республик
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
←\"Flag1922 nièng - 1991 nièng\"Flag→
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
guók-gìguók-hŭi
guók-gŏ̤: Sŭ-lièng guók-gŏ̤
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)
Siū-dŭMoskva
Miêng-cék
-1938 nièng:22,403,000 km2
-1970 nièng:22,402,200 km2


guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.su
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+7
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
tŭng-ê̤ṳng ngṳ̄-ngiòngNgò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu
-1938 nièng:170,467,186 nè̤ng
-1970 nièng:241,720,134 nè̤ng


Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôguók-gă lièng-mèng, siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê
guók-gă nguòng-siū
-1922 nièng - 1938 nièng:Mikhail Kalinin
-1988 nièng - 1991 nièng:Mikhail Gorbachev


gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiSŭ-lièng ruble
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
-1922 nièng:sìng-lĭk
-1991 nièng:gāi-tā̤


"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Uŏk-ngṳ̄
粵語
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók Dâi-lṳ̆k, Hiŏng-gē̤ng, Ó̤-muòng, Mā-lài-să̤-ā...
ciō-iéu dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók Guōng-dĕ̤ng, Guōng-să̤, Hiŏng-gē̤ng, Ó̤-muòng
gōng gì ìng-kēu6600 uâng
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n Háng-cáung-ngṳ̄-hiê\n
    \n
  • Háng-ngṳ̄-cŭk\n
      \n
    • Uŏk-ngṳ̄
      • \n
    • \n
\n
ùng-cêHáng-cê
Guăng-huŏng dê-ôi
guăng-huŏng dê-ôimò̤
guāng-lī gĭ-gáiumò̤
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3yue

Uŏk-ngṳ̄ sāi gì dê-huŏng
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "986"^^ . "986"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Ò̤ ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "307"^^ . "307"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
維基共享裡勢有共河有干過其內容。
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
蘇維埃社會主義共和國聯盟
Союз Советских Социалистических Республик
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
←\"Flag1922年—1991年\"Flag→
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
國旗國徽
國歌：蘇聯國歌
自然地理
（實際控制）
首都莫斯科
面積
-1938年：22,403,000 km2
-1970年：22,402,200 km2


國際域名縮寫.su
國家電話區號+7
人民生活
通用語言俄羅斯語
人口
-1938年：170,467,186儂
-1970年：241,720,134儂


政治文化
政治制度國家聯盟、社會主義
國家元首
-1922年 - 1938年：Mikhail Kalinin
-1988年 - 1991年：Mikhail Gorbachev


經濟實力
貨幣單位盧布
歷史大事
歷史大事
-1922年：成立
-1991年：解體


"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
大清國
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
←\"Flag
←\"Flag		1636年—1912年\"Flag→
\"Flag→
\"Flag→
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
國旗國徽
國歌：鞏金甌
自然地理
（實際控制）
首都順天
面積
-1760年：13,150,000 km2
-1790年：14,700,000 km2


人民生活
官方語言滿洲語
通用語言滿洲語，漢語，蒙古語，藏語，維吾爾語
人口
-1740年：140,000,000儂
-1776年：268,238,000儂
-1790年：301,000,000儂


政治文化
政治制度君主制
皇帝
-1611年 - 1661年：順治
-1661年 - 1722年：康熙
-1735年 - 1795年：乾隆
-1908年 - 1912年：宣統
經濟實力
貨幣單位兩
歷史大事
歷史大事
-1636年：改國號大清
-1644年：佔領北京
-1683年：滅臺灣
-1840年：鴉片戰爭
-1912年：宣統退位
"^^ . . . "462"^^ . "462"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
像年號廟號諡號名字在位
1天命太祖高皇帝努爾哈齊1616 - 1626
2天聰
崇德		太宗文皇帝皇太極1626 - 1643
3順治世祖章皇帝福臨1643-1661
4康熙聖祖仁皇帝玄燁1661 - 1722
5雍正世宗憲皇帝胤禛1722 - 1735
6乾隆高宗純皇帝弘曆1735 - 1795
7嘉慶仁宗睿皇帝顒琰1796 - 1820
8道光宣宗成皇帝旻寧1820 - 1850
9咸豐文宗憲皇帝奕詝1850 - 1861
10同治穆宗毅皇帝載淳1861 - 1875
11光緒德宗景皇帝載湉1875 - 1908
12宣統無無溥儀1908 - 1912
"^^ . . . "462"^^ . "462"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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"^^ . . . "462"^^ . "462"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
中國歷史
史前 | 夏 | 商 | 周 （西周、東周、春秋、戰國） | 秦 | 漢 （西漢、新、東漢） | 三國 （曹魏、蜀漢、東吳） | 晉 （西晉、東晉） | 五胡十六國 （成漢、前趙、後趙、前涼、前燕、前秦、後燕、後晉、西晉、後涼、南涼、西涼、北涼、南燕、北燕、夏） | 南北朝 （南朝：劉宋、南齊、南梁、南陳；北朝：北魏、西魏、東魏、北周、北齊） | 隋 | 唐 | 五代十國 （五代：後梁、後唐、後晉、後漢、後周；十國：吳越、閩、荊南、馬楚、楊吳、南唐、南漢、北漢、前蜀、後蜀） | 宋 （北宋、南宋） | 遼 | 金 | 西夏 | 元 | 明 （南明） | 清 | 中华民國 | 中華人民共和國
"^^ . . . "3716"^^ . "3716"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 琉球國王列表\n
圖平話字漢字在位
\n
\n Shunten王朝\n
Shunten舜天1187–1237
Shunbajunki舜馬順熈1238–1248
Gihon義本1249–1259
\n
\n Eiso王朝\n
Eiso英祖1260–1299
Taisei大成1300–1308
Eiji英慈1309–1313
Tamagusuku玉城1314–1336
Seii西威1337–1354
\n
\n Satto王朝\n
\n 中山國王\n
Satto察度1355–1397
Bunei武寧1398–1406
\n
\n Haniji王朝\n
\n 北山國王\n
Haniji怕尼芝1322?–1395?
Min珉1396?–1400
Hananchi攀安知1401?–1416
\n
\n Ofusato王朝\n
\n 南山國王\n
Ofusato承察度1314–1398
Oueishi汪英紫1398?–1402
Ououso汪応祖1403?–1413
Tafuchi達勃期1413?–1414?
Taromai他魯毎1414?–1429
\n
\n 第一尚氏王朝\n
\n 琉球國中山王\n
Siông Sṳ̆-siêu尚思紹1407–1421
Siông Bă-cé尚巴志1422–1439
Siông Dṳ̆ng尚忠1440–1442
Siông Sṳ̆-dăk尚思達1443–1449
Siông Gĭng-hók尚金福1450–1453
Siông Tái-giū尚泰久1454–1460
Siông Dáik尚徳1461–1469
\n
\n 第二尚氏王朝\n
\n 琉球國中山王\n
Siông Ièng尚円1470–1476
Siông Sŏng-ŭi尚宣威1477
Siông Cĭng尚眞1477–1526
Siông Chĭng尚清1527–1555
Siông Nguòng尚元1556–1572
Siông Īng尚永1573–1586
Siông Nìng尚寧1587–1620
Siông Hŭng尚豊1621–1640
Siông Hièng尚賢1641–1647
Siông Cék尚質1648–1668
Siông Dĭng尚貞1669–1709
Siông Iáh尚益1710–1712
Siông Géng尚敬1713–1751
Siông Mŭk尚穆1752–1795
Siông Ŭng尚温1796–1802
Siông Sìng尚成1803
Siông Hô̤尚灝1804–1828
Siông Ṳ̆k尚育1829–1847
Siông Tái尚泰1848 – 1879
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
中華民國
中華民國
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
旗徽章
自然地理
（實際控制）
首都臺北
面積\n
    \n
  • 國土面積：36,193 km2
    • \n
時區UTC+8
人民生活
官方語言中華民國國語
通用語言中華民國國語、閩南語、客家語、閩東語（馬祖）、莆仙語（烏坵）
人口\n
政治文化
領導人\n \n
經濟實力
貨幣單位新臺幣
GDP$9770.88億 （2014年）
人均GDP$41,581（2014年）
HDI0.890（2012年）
國家資料
國家代號TWN
國際域名縮寫.tw
國際電話區號+886
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Muāng-ngṳ̄

manju gisun
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók
ciō-iéu dê-kṳ̆Háik-lṳ̀ng-gĕ̤ng
mìng-cŭk107 uâng
gōng gì ìng-kēu50 (2013 nièng)
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n Tungusic\n
    \n
  • Southern\n
      \n
    • Manchu group\n
        \n
      • Muāng-ngṳ̄
        • \n
      • \n
    • \n
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huŏng-ngiòng\n \n
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ùng-cêMuāng-ùng (Mūng-gū cê-mō̤)
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-2mnc
ISO 639-3mnc
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"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dâi-Dáik-é-cié Dá̤-guók
Großdeutsches Reich
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
←\"Flag1933 nièng - 1945 nièng\"Merchant→
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
guók-gìguók-hŭi
gáik-ngiòng: Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer.
Siŏh ciáh mìng-cŭk, siŏh ciáh dá̤-guók, siŏh ciáh nguòng-siū.
guók-gŏ̤: Dáik-é-cié cĭ gŏ̤ (1922 - 1945)
Horst-Wessel cĭ gŏ̤ (1933 - 1945)
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)
Siū-dŭBáik-lìng
Miêng-cék
-1939 nièng:633,786 km2
-1942 nièng:696,265 km2


Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
tŭng-ê̤ṳng ngṳ̄-ngiòngDáik-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu
-1939 nièng:69,860,000 nè̤ng
-1942 nièng:90,030,755 nè̤ng


Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôguók-gă-siâ-huôi-ciō-ngiê
nguòng-siū
-1934 nièng - 1945 nièng:Adolf Hitler
-1945 nièng - 1945 nièng:Karl Dönitz


gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiGuók-gă Mā-káik
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
-1933 nièng:sìng-lĭk
-1938 nièng:hăk-biáng Ó̤-dê-lé
-1939 nièng:páh Pŏ̤-làng
-1945 nièng:dàu-hòng
"^^ . . . "1700"^^ . "1700"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Nazi Dáik-guók ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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滿語

manju gisun
國家 / 地區中國
主要區域黑龍江
族群107萬
講其人口50 （2013年）
系屬\n
\n 通古斯語族\n
    \n
  • 南通古斯語支\n
      \n
    • 滿語\n
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方言\n
\n 錫伯語\n
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文字滿文（蒙古字母）
語言代碼
ISO 639-2mnc
ISO 639-3mnc
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"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
大德意志帝國
Großdeutsches Reich
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
←\"Flag1933年—1945年\"Merchant→
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
國旗國徽
格言：Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Führer.
蜀隻民族，蜀隻帝國，蜀隻元首
國歌：德意志之歌 (1922 - 1945)
霍斯特·威塞爾之歌 (1933 - 1945)
自然地理
（實際控制）
首都柏林
面積
-1939年：633,786 km2
-1942年：696,265 km2


人民生活
通用語言德語
人口
-1939年：69,860,000儂
-1942年：90,030,755儂


政治文化
政治制度國家社會主義
元首
-1934年 - 1945年：阿道夫·希特勒
-1945年 - 1945年：卡爾·鄧尼茨


經濟實力
貨幣單位國家馬克
歷史大事
歷史大事
-1933年：成立
-1938年：合併奧地利
-1939年：拍波蘭
-1945年：投降
"^^ . . . "517"^^ . "517"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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維基共享裡勢有共納粹德國有干過其內容。
"^^ . . . "349"^^ . "349"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
棋其樣式名字平話字行法
將Chióng也號𡅏將軍。會使橫𡅏或者直直𡅏行蜀格，𣍐使出宮。𣍐使乞儂食囇，𣍐使共對方其將正正式對𡅏（嚽號𡅏對將）。僅是自家其將蜀死就輸了。
士Sê̤ṳ僅中着宮裡勢斜𡅏行，每蜀回行蜀格。大部分其辰候這棋是掏𡅏保護將其。行士也號𡅏“蹩士”。
田Dièng行田字格，故此號𡅏“田”。田字格其臺中號𡅏田眼，𣍐使有子，僅無行𣍐過。田𣍐使過河。
車Gṳ̆橫、直都會行，僅是無子堵着墿臺中，愛行幾步行幾步，故此是象棋臺中其蜀種嘢重要其棋。
馬Mā行日字格：就是等先行前蜀步，再斜𡅏行蜀步，茲兩步合蜀堆。前斗夫塊號𡅏馬骹，𣍐使有子，僅無𣍐行。嚽嘢好理解：馬其行法等是頭先講其兩步合蜀步，僅是頭蜀步都行𣍐來，就伓使講第2步了。馬是象棋裡勢最倫活其蜀子。
炮Páu行墿其辰候共車蜀樣；食子其辰候着隔蜀子拍過去，隨便幾格都會使。
卒Cók也號𡅏“卒囝”。每蜀步行蜀格；未過河其辰候僅中向前斗直直式行蜀格；過河以後也會橫𡅏行。𣍐使後退。
"^^ . . . "349"^^ . "349"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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維基共享裡勢有共象棋有干過其內容。
"^^ . . . "1197"^^ . "1197"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gì gì iông-sékMiàng-cêHáng-cêGiàng-huák
Chióng將Iâ hô̤ lā̤ chiŏng-gŭng. Â̤ sāi hòng lā̤ hĕ̤k-ciā dĭk lā̤ giàng siŏh gák, mâ̤ sāi chók-gṳ̆ng. Mâ̤ sāi ké̤ṳk nè̤ng siăh lâi, mâ̤ sāi gâe̤ng dó̤i-huŏng gì cióng ciáng-ciáng sék dó̤i lā̤ (cuòi hô̤ lā̤ dó̤i-chióng). Nâ sê cê-gă gì chióng siŏh sī cêu suŏ lāu.
Sê̤ṳ士Nâ dé̤ṳng diŏh gṳ̆ng diē-sié ciâ lā̤ giàng, muōi siŏh huòi giàng siŏh gák. Duâi bô-hông gì sèng-âu ciā gì sê dò̤ lā̤ bō̤-hô cióng gì. Giàng sê̤ṳ iâ hô̤ lā̤ „biék sê̤ṳ“.
Dièng田Giàng dièng(田) cê gák, gó-chṳ̄ hô̤ lā̤ „dièng“. Dièng cê gák gì dâi-dŏng hô̤ lā̤ dièng-ngāng, mâ̤ sāi ô cī, nâ mò̤ giàng mâ̤ guó. Dièng mâ̤ sāi guó ò̤.
Gṳ̆車Hòng, dĭk dŭ â̤ giàng, nâ sê mò̤ cī dū diŏh diô dâi-dŏng, é̤ṳ giàng gūi buô giàng gūi buô, gó-chṳ̄ sê chiông-gì dâi-dŏng gì siŏh cṳ̄ng iā dâe̤ng-iéu gì gì.
Mā馬Giàng nĭk(日) cê gák: cêu sê dēng sèng giàng sèng siŏh buô, gái ciâ lā̤ giàng siŏh buô, cī lâng buô hăk-siŏh-dŏi. Sèng-dāu hŭ-uái hô̤ lā̤ mā-kă, mâ̤ sāi ô cī, nâ mò̤ mâ̤ giàng. Cuòi iā hō̤ lī-gāi: mā gì giàng-huák dēng sê tàu-sĕng gōng gì lâng buô hăk siŏh buô, nâ sê tàu siŏh buô dŭ giàng mâ̤ lì, cêu ng-sāi gōng dâ̤ 2 buô lāu. Mā sê chiông-gì diē-sié có̤i lùng-uăk gì siŏh cī.
Páu炮Giàng diô gì sèng-âu gâe̤ng gṳ̆ siŏh iông; siăh cī gì sèng-âu diŏh gák siŏh cī páh guó gò̤, sùi-biêng gūi gák dŭ â̤ sāi.
Cók卒Iâ hô̤ lā̤ „cók-giāng“. Muōi siŏh buô giàng siŏh gák; muōi guó ò̤ gì sèng-âu nâ dé̤ṳng hióng sèng-dāu dĭk-dĭk-sék giàng siŏh gák; guó ò̤ ī-hâiu iâ â̤ hòng lā̤ giàng. Mâ̤ sāi hâiu-tó̤i.
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維基共享裡勢有共糞掃有干過其內容。
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng ké̤ṳk-siăh ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Bóng-dó̤ ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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維基共享裡勢有共乞食有干過其內容。
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Guók-cié chiông-gì cá kăi-sṳ̄ gì bà̤-huák
"^^ . . . "3460"^^ . "3460"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gì gì iông-sékGé gì dù-piéngMiàng-cêĬng-ngṳ̄Giàng-huákGiàng-huák dù-piéng
guók-uòngkingHòng, dĭk hĕ̤k-ciā ciâ lā̤ giàng siŏh gák (nâ ô uòng-gṳ̆ ngiê-ôi gì sèng-âu â̤ dé̤ṳng hòng lā̤ giàng lâng săng gák, â-dā̤ â̤ gōng). Mâ̤ sāi ké̤ṳk nè̤ng siăh lâi. Nâ sê cê-gă gì guók-uòng siŏh sī cêu suŏ lāu.\n
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uòng-hâiuqueenHòng, dĭk hĕ̤k-ciā ciâ lā̤ giàng. Nâ sê mò̤ cī dū diŏh diô dâi-dŏng, é̤ṳ giàng gūi buô giàng gūi buô, gó-chṳ̄ sê guók-cié chiông-gì dâi-dŏng gì siŏh cṳ̄ng tiē-liēng dâe̤ng-iéu gì gì.\n
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gṳ̆,
siàng-bō̤		rookHòng-hòng-sék hĕ̤k-ciā dĭk-dĭk-sék giàng. Nâ sê mò̤ cī dū diŏh diô dâi-dŏng, é̤ṳ giàng gūi buô giàng gūi buô, gó-chṳ̄ sê guók-cié chiông-gì dâi-dŏng gì siŏh cṳ̄ng tiē-liēng dâe̤ng-iéu gì gì.
Gṳ̆ gó ô siŏh cṳ̄ng dĕk-sṳ̀ gì giàng-huák hô̤ lā̤ „uòng gṳ̆ ngiê-ôi“, â-dā̤ â̤ gōng.		\n
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chiông,
gáu-sê̤ṳ		bishopCiâ lā̤ giàng. Nâ sê mò̤ cī dū diŏh diô dâi-dŏng, é̤ṳ giàng gūi buô giàng gūi buô.\n
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mā,
kiè-sê̤ṳ		knightGiàng L hìng lô-siáng: iâ cêu sê gōng, diŏh siŏh ciáh 2*3 gì diòng-huŏng-hìng huŏng-gák cū diē-sié, iù siŏh ciáh dīng-diēng ièng dó̤i-gáe̤k-siáng giàng gáu dó̤i-méng gì hī ciáh dīng-diēng hŭ-uái. Bók-guó gâe̤ng Dṳ̆ng-guók chiông-gì mâ̤ siŏh iông, guók-cié chiông-gì diē-sié gì mā tàu-dā̤ mò̤ mā-kă ciā gái-niêng, gó-chṳ̄ diŏh 2*3 gì huŏng-gák diē-sié sùi-biêng dŭ â̤ giàng. Mā sê guók-cié chiông-gì diē-sié có̤i lùng-uăk gì siŏh tàu cī.\n
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bĭngpawnGiàng gì sèng-âu sê dĭk-dĭk-sék giàng, mâ̤ sāi hòng-sék giàng hĕ̤k-ciā âu-tó̤i; siăh gì sèng-âu ciâ lā̤ siăh, sĕng ciŏng hiā cī dò̤ lâi, gái ciŏng bĭng-giāng ĕng hiā cī nguòng-lài gì dê-huŏng. Bĭng-giāng muōi siŏh huòi dŭ nâ dé̤ṳng giàng siŏh gák, bók-guó, nâ sê bĭng ĕng diŏh kăi-sṳ̄ sèng-âu gì hŭ-uái mò̤ dêng-dâe̤ng gì uâ, iâ â̤ dé̤ṳng hióng sèng-dāu giàng lâng buô. gó ô siŏh cṳ̄ng gì-guái gì giàng-huák hô̤ lā̤ „siăh guó-lô bĭng“, â-dā̤ â̤ gōng.


Bĭng-giāng giàng gáu dó̤i-huŏng gì có̤i diē hī siŏh hòng ī-hâiu, diŏh biéng siàng uòng-hâiu, gṳ̆, chiông hĕ̤k-ciā mā dâi-dŏng gì siŏh cṳ̄ng; bók-guó mâ̤ sāi biéng siàng guók-uòng, iâ mâ̤ sāi ng-biéng.

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"^^ . . . "4445"^^ . "4445"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n siăh guó-lô bĭng gì huŏng-huák\n \n
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Băh gì sĕng giàng, ŭ gì bĭng diŏh chĕ̤-sṳ̄ gì ôi-dé (siŏh buô dŭ muōi giàng guó)
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Ŭ gì bĭng hióng sèng-dāu giàng lâng gák, iù f7 giàng gáu f5.
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Băh gì bĭng-giāng ciŏng ŭ gì bĭng siăh lâi, iè gáu f6.
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dōi-ngiê-ôidòng-ngiê-ôi
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BuôBăhŬ
1e2-e4e7-e5
2Mā g1-f3f7-f6?
3Mā f3xe5!f6xe5?
4Hâiu d1-h5+Uòng e8-e7
5Hâiu h5xe5+Uòng e7-f7
6Chiông f1-c4+Uòng f7-g6??
7Hâiu e5-f5+Uòng g6-h6
8d2-d4+g7-g5
9h2-h4Chiông f8-e7
10h4xg5++Uòng h6-g7
11Hâiu f5-f7 #1-0
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng guók-cié chiông-gì ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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國際象棋乍開始起排法
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棋其樣式記其圖片名字英語行法行法圖片
國王king橫、直或者斜𡅏行蜀格（僅有王車易位其辰候會中橫𡅏行兩三格，下底會講）。𣍐使乞儂食囇。僅是自家其國王蜀死就輸了。\n
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王后queen橫、直或者斜𡅏行。僅是無子堵着墿臺中，愛行幾步行幾步，故此是象棋臺中剃拈重要其棋。\n
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車、
城堡		rook橫橫式或者直直式行。僅是無子堵着墿臺中，愛行幾步行幾步，故此是國際象棋臺中剃拈重要其棋。
車固有蜀種特殊其行法號𡅏“王車易位”，下底會講。		\n
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象、
教士		bishop斜𡅏行。僅是無子堵着墿臺中，愛行幾步行幾步。\n
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馬、
騎士		knight行L形路線：也就是講，着蜀隻2*3其長方形方格組裡勢，由蜀隻頂點沿對角線行遘對面其許隻頂點夫塊。不過共中國象棋𣍐蜀樣，國際象棋裡勢透底無馬骹這概念，故此着2*3其方格裡勢隨便都會行。馬是國際象棋裡勢最輪活其蜀頭子。\n
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\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n
兵pawn行其辰候是直直式行，𣍐使橫式行或者後退；食其辰候斜𡅏食，先將嘻子掏囇，再將兵囝廮着嘻子原來其地方。
兵囝每蜀回都僅中行蜀格，不過，僅是兵廮着開始辰候其夫塊，也會中向前斗行兩步。固有蜀種奇怪其行法號𡅏“食過路兵”，下底會講。
兵囝行遘對方其最底許蜀橫以後，着變成王后、車、象或者馬臺中其蜀種；不過𣍐使變成國王，也𣍐使伓變。		\n
\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
"^^ . . . "1191"^^ . "1191"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 食過路兵其方法\n \n
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\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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白其先行，烏其兵着初始其位置（蜀步都未行過）
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\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
烏其兵向前斗行兩格，由f7行遘f5。
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\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
白其兵囝將烏其兵食囇，移遘f6。
\n
\n
"^^ . . . "1365"^^ . "1365"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
短易位長易位
"^^ . . . "1925"^^ . "1925"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
步白烏
1e2-e4e7-e5
2馬 g1-f3f7-f6?
3馬 f3xe5!f6xe5?
4后 d1-h5+王 e8-e7
5后 h5xe5+王 e7-f7
6象 f1-c4+王 f7-g6??
7后 e5-f5+王 g6-h6
8d2-d4+g7-g5
9h2-h4象 f8-e7
10h4xg5++王 h6-g7
11后 f5-f7 #1-0
"^^ . . . "1925"^^ . "1925"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
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維基共享裡勢有共國際象棋有干過其內容。
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Liù-giāng
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Mollusca
gŏng:Bivalvia
ā-gŏng:Heterodonta
mŭk:Veneroida
ā-mŭk:Sphaeriacea
cūng-kuŏ:Corbiculoidea
kuŏ:Corbiculidae
"^^ . . . "54"^^ . "54"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Diê
Diê
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Mollusca
ā-muòng:Conchifera
gŏng:Bivalvia
mŭk:Ostreoida
kuŏ:Ostreidae
Rafinesque, 1815
sŭk
\n
    \n
  • Ostrea
    • \n
  • Crassostrea
    • \n
  • Ostreola
    • \n
  • Saccostrea
    • \n
"^^ . . . "681"^^ . "681"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n Muòi-tā̤ Wiki Muòi-tā̤\n
"^^ . . . "163"^^ . "163"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
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\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Gì-chái ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Mà-hù
Sympetrum flaveolum
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
gŏng:Insecta
mŭk:Odonata
ā-mŭk:Epiprocta
hâ-mŭk:Anisoptera
Selys, 1800
kuŏ
\n
"^^ . . . "244"^^ . "244"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n ùng-huá\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Chiă-ngò̤
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Mollusca
gŏng:Bivalvia
ā-gŏng:Heterodonta
mŭk:Veneridae
ā-mŭk:Meretricinae
sṳ̆k:Meretrix
cṳ̄ng:M. lusoria
Hŏk-miàng
Meretrix lusoria
Roeding, 1798
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Liĕk-chiĕ
Liĕk-chiĕ
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
muòng:Magnoliophyta
gŏng:Magnoliopsida
mŭk:Sapindales
kuŏ:Sapindaceae
sṳ̆k:Litchi
Sonn.
cṳ̄ng:L. chinensis
Hŏk-miàng
Litchi chinensis
Sonn.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Nàng-muōi-sĭng
Nàng-muōi-sĭng
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
gŏng:Insecta
mŭk:Coleoptera
ā-mŭk:Polyphaga
hâ-mŭk:Elateriformia
cūng-kuŏ:Elateroidea
kuŏ:Lampyridae
Latreille, 1817
ā-kuŏ

Cyphonocerinae
Lampyrinae
Luciolinae
Ototetrinae ??
Photurinae
Genera incertae sedis:
Oculogryphus
Pterotus LeConte, 1859

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Mà-hṳ̀ng
Mà-hṳ̀ng
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
 Bìng-ngùi (EN)
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
mŭk:Carnivora
kuŏ:Ursidae
sṳ̆k:Ailuropoda
cṳ̄ng:A. melanoleuca
Hŏk-miàng
Ailuropoda melanoleuca
(David, 1869)
ā-cṳ̄ng
\n
"^^ . . . "3534"^^ . "3534"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Mà-hṳ̀ng ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "3534"^^ . "3534"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikispecies diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Mà-hṳ̀ng ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Hà-puō-gâing
霞浦县
—  Gâing  —
\n
\n
Hà-puō diŏh Nìng-dáik gì ôi-dé
\n
Nìng-dáik diŏh Hók-gióng gì ôi-dé
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Hà-puō-gâing\"\n
\n
\n Hà-puō-gâing\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°57′37″N 119°58′28″E / 26.96028°N 119.97444°E / 26.96028; 119.97444
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Dê-ngék-chê Nìng-dáik
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 1,716 km2
Ìng-kēu
 - Sū-iū355,100 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô206.9/km2
"^^ . . . "1731"^^ . "1731"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Cŭk→123456789101112131415161718Diêng-cṳ̄-cèng0-cŭk Diêng-cṳ̄-só
\n
Ciŭ-gĭ↓ⅠA0
11
H
Kĭng
1.008		Ⅱ AⅢ AⅣ AV AⅥ AⅦ A2
He
He­li
4.003




K




2
23
Li
Liti
6.941		4
Be
Berili
9.012		5
B
Bèng
10.81		6
C
Táng
12.01		7
N
Dâng
14.01		8
O
Iōng
16.00		9
F
Hók
19.00		10
Ne
Neon
20.18



L
K



8
2
311
Na
Natri
22.99		12
Mg
Magne
24.31		Ⅲ BⅣ BV BⅥ BⅦBⅧ
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n ⏞\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n {\\displaystyle \\overbrace {\\qquad \\qquad \\qquad } }\n \n \n \"{\\displaystyle		I BⅡ B13
Al
Lé̤ṳ
26.98		14
Si
Sĭk
28.09		15
P
Lìng
30.97		16
S
Liù-uòng
32.07		17
Cl
Lṳ̆k
35.45		18
Ar
Argon
39.95


M
L
K


8
8
2
419
K
Kali
39.1		20
Ca
Cal­ci
40.08		21
Sc
Scandi
44.96		22
Ti
Titan
47.88		23
V
Vanadi
50.94		24
Cr
Crom
52.00		25
Mn
Mangan
54.94		26
Fe
Tiék
55.85		27
Co
Coban
58.93		28
Ni
Niken
58.69		29
Cu
Dè̤ng
63.55		30
Zn
Ā-iòng
65.39		31
Ga
Gali
69.72		32
Ge
Gecmani
72.59		33
As
Asen
74.92		34
Se
Sele­n
78.96		35
Br
Brom
79.90		36
Kr
Kryp­ton
83.80

N
M
L
K

8
18
8
2
537
Rb
Rubidi
85.47		38
Sr
Stronti
87.62		39
Y
Yttri
88.91		40
Zr
Zirconi
91.22		41
Nb
Niobi
92.91		42
Mo
Molypden
95.94		43
Tc
Tecneti
(97.91)		44
Ru
Rutheni
101.1		45
Rh
Rhodi
102.9		46
Pd
Paladi
106.4		47
Ag
Ngṳ̀ng
107.9		48
Cd
Cadimi
112.4		49
In
Indi
114.8		50
Sn
Sék
118.7		51
Sb
Antimon
121.8		52
Te
Telua
127.6		53
I
Diēng
126.7		54
Xe
Xenon
131.3
O
N
M
L
K
8
18
18
8
2
655
Cs
Caesi
132.9		56
Ba
Bari
137.3		57-
71
Lantan-hiê		72
Hf
Hafni
178.5		73
Ta
Tantan
180.9		74
W
Wolfram
183.9		75
Re
Rheni
186.2		76
Os
Osmi
190.2		77
Ir
Iridi
192.2		78
Pt
Băh-gĭng
195.1		79
Au
Gĭng
197.0		80
Hg
Cūi-ngṳ̀ng
200.6		81
Tl
Tali
204.4		82
Pb
Iòng
207.2		83
Bi
Bitmut
209.0		84
Po
Poloni
(209.0)		85
At
Astatin
(210.0)		86
Rn
Radon
(222.0)		P
O
N
M
L
K		8
18
32
18
8
2
787
Fr
Franci
(223.0)		88
Ra
Ra­di
226.0		89-
103
Actini-hiê		104
Rf
Rutherfordi
(265.1)		105
Db
Dubni
(268.1)		106
Sg
Seaborgi
(271.1)		107
Bh
Bohri
(270.1)		108
Hs
Hassi
(277.2)		109
Mt
Meitneri
(276.2)		110
Ds
Darmstadti
(281.2)		111
Rg
Roentgeni
(280.2)		112
Cn
Copernici
(285.2)		113
Nh
Nihoni
(284.2)		114
Fl
Flerovi
(289.2)		115
Mc
Moscovi
(288.2)		116
Lv
Livermori
(293.2)		117
Ts
Tennessine
(294.2)		118
Og
Oganesson
(294.2)		Q
P
O
N
M
L
K		8
18
32
32
18
8
2
Lantan-hiê57
La
Lantan
138.9		58
Ce
Ceri
140.1		59
Pr
Praseodymi
140.9		60
Nd
Neodymi
144.2		61
Pm
Promethi
(144.9)		62
Sm
Samari
150.4		63
Eu
Europi
152.0		64
Gd
Gadolini
157.3		65
Tb
Terbi
158.9		66
Dy
Dysprosi
162.5		67
Ho
Holmi
164.9		68
Er
Erbi
167.3		69
Tm
Thuli
168.9		70
Yb
Ytterbi
173.0		71
Lu
Luteti
175.0
Actini-hiê89
Ac
Actini
(227.0)		90
Th
Thori
232.0		91
Pa
Protactini
231.0		92
U
Urani
238.0		93
Np
Neptuni
237.1		94
Pu
Plutoni
244.1		95
Am
Americi
(243.1)		96
Cm
Curi
247.1		97
Bk
Berkeli
(247.1)		98
Cf
Californi
(252.1)		99
Es
Einsteini
(252.1)		100
Fm
Fermi
(257.1)		101
Md
Mendelevi
(258.1)		102
No
Nobeli
(259.1)		103
Lr
Lawrenci
(262.1)
"^^ . . . "2074"^^ . "2074"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "181"^^ . "181"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Giò
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
gŏng:Magnoliopsida
ā-gŏng:Asteridae
mŭk:Solanales
kuŏ:Solanaceae
sṳ̆k:Solanum
cṳ̄ng:S. melongena
Hŏk-miàng
Solanum melongena
L.
"^^ . . . "179"^^ . "179"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Bì-bà
Bì-bà
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
muòng:Magnoliophyta
gŏng:Magnoliopsida
mŭk:Rosales
kuŏ:Rosaceae
ā-kuŏ:Maloideae
sṳ̆k:Eriobotrya
cṳ̄ng:E. japonica
Hŏk-miàng
Eriobotrya japonica
(Thunb.) Lindl.
ê-miàng

Mespilus japonica
Photinia japonica

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Hāi-dái
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Protista
muòng:Heterokontophyta
gŏng:Phaeophyceae
mŭk:Laminariales
kuŏ:Laminariaceae
sṳ̆k:Laminaria
cṳ̄ng:L. japonica
Hŏk-miàng
Laminaria japonica
J.E. Areschoug
ê-miàng

Saccharina japonica (J.E. Areschoug) C.E. Lane, C. Mayes, Druehl & G.W. Saunders

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dâi-nguòng
Dâi-nguòng Dâi-mùng-gū-guók
大元
Дай Өнь Их Монгол Улс
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
←\"Flag
←\"Flag		1271 nièng - 1368 nièng\"Flag→
\"Flag→
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
guók-gìguók-hŭi
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)
Siū-dŭKhanbaliq (Dâi-dū)
Miêng-cék
-1310 nièng:14,000,000 km2



Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngMùng-gū-ngṳ̄, Háng-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu
-1290 nièng:77,000,000 nè̤ng
-1293 nièng:79,816,000 nè̤ng
-1330 nièng:83,873,000 nè̤ng
-1350 nièng:87,147,000 nè̤ng
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôgŭng-ciō-cié
huòng-dá̤
-1260 nièng - 1294 nièng:Nguòng Sié-cū
-1321 nièng - 1323 nièng:Nguòng Ĭng-cŭng
-1333 nièng - 1370 nièng:Nguòng Sông-dá̤


gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôihuŏng-kūng-cièng, chău-piéu
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
-1206 nièng:Genghis Khan tūng-ék Mùng-gū
-1271 nièng:Gāi guók-hô̤ Dâi-nguòng
-1279 nièng:miĕk Nàng-sóng
-1368 nièng:ké̤ṳk Mìng-dièu dṳ̆k kó̤ Mŏk-báe̤k
"^^ . . . "942"^^ . "942"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
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\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Nguòng-dièu ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "942"^^ . "942"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dâi-mìng
大明
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
←\"Flag1368 nièng - 1644 nièng\"Flag→
\"Flag→
\"Flag→
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
guók-gìguók-hŭi
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)
Siū-dŭÉng-tiĕng(1368-1644)
Siông-tiĕng(1403-1644)
Miêng-cék
-1415 nièng:6,500,000 km2



Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngHáng-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu
-1393 nièng:65,000,000 nè̤ng
-1403 nièng:66,598,337 nè̤ng
-1500 nièng:125,000,000 nè̤ng
-1600 nièng:160,000,000 nè̤ng
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôgŭng-ciō-cié
huòng-dá̤
-1368 nièng - 1398 nièng:Hùng-ū
-1402 nièng - 1424 nièng:Īng-lŏk
-1572 nièng - 1620 nièng:Uâng-lĭk
-1627 nièng - 1644 nièng:Sùng-dĭng
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiuòng, liōng, chău-piéu
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
lĭk-sṳ̄ duâi dâi
-1368 nièng:Gióng-lĭk Dâi-mìng
-1402 nièng:Īng-lŏk chuàng-ôi
-1449 nièng:Tū-mŭk-bō̤ cĭ biéng
-1644 nièng:ké̤ṳk Dâi-sông miĕk-uòng
"^^ . . . "4123"^^ . "4123"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Mìng-dièu ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "4123"^^ . "4123"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Ák
Anas platyrhynchos
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
 gă-iōng-huá
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Aves
mŭk:Anseriformes
kuŏ:Anatidae
ā-kuŏ
\n
"^^ . . . "877"^^ . "877"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Hù Iêu-băng ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Giĕ
Giĕ-gĕ̤ng (cō̤-biĕng) gâe̤ng giĕ-mō̤ (iêu-biĕng)
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
 gă-iōng-huá
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Aves
mŭk:Galliformes
kuŏ:Phasianidae
sṳ̆k:Gallus
cṳ̄ng:G. gallus
ā-cṳ̄ngGallus gallus domesticus
"^^ . . . "387"^^ . "387"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Huăng-siông
Huăng-siông
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
muòng:Magnoliophyta
gŏng:Magnoliopsida
mŭk:Sapindales
kuŏ:Anacardiaceae
sṳ̆k:Mangifera
cṳ̄ng:M. indica
Hŏk-miàng
Mangifera indica
L.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tṳ̀ng-kéng-chê
重庆市
—  Dĭk-hăk-chê  —
Miàng-cê diōng-siā
 - Pū-tŭng-uâChóngqìng
 - Sé̤ṳ-chiŏng-uâCong2 qin4
Biék-chĭng diōng-siā
 - Gāng-chĭngṲ̀ (渝)
\n
\n
Tṳ̀ng-kéng găk Dṳ̆ng-guók gì sū-câi.
Cô̤-biĕu: 29°33′30″N 106°34′00″E / 29.55833°N 106.56667°E / 29.55833; 106.56667
Country \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Dĭk-hăk
 - Gâing-ngék
 - Déng-ngék
25 ciáh kṳ̆, 13 ciáh gâing
1259 ciáh déng
Miêng-cék
 - Dĭk-hăk-chê 82,403 km2
Hāi-băk 244 m
Hāi-băk (có̤i gèng) 1,709.4 m
Ìng-kēu (2016)
 - Dĭk-hăk-chê30,484,300 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô369.9/km2
 - Dŭ-huôi-kṳ̆18,384,100
Iù-céng biĕng-mā4000 00 – 4099 00
Diêng-uâ kṳ̆-mā23
Uōng-cângcq.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ciék-gŏng-sēng
浙江省
—  Sēng  —
Miàng-cê diōng-siā
 - Pū-tŭng-uâZhèjiāng Shěng
 - Ngù-ngṳ̄Tsehkaon San
Biék-chĭng diōng-siā
 - Gāng-chĭngCiék (浙)
\n
Ciék-gŏng gì sū-câi
Cô̤-biĕu: 29°12′N 120°30′E / 29.2°N 120.5°E / 29.2; 120.5
Siū-hūHòng-ciŭ
Guāng-hăk11 ciáh dê-ngék-chê, 90 ciáh gâing, 1570 ciáh déng
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 101,800 km2
Hāi-băk (có̤i gèng) 1,929 m
Ìng-kēu (2018)
 - Sū-iū57,370,000 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô563.6/km2
Ìng-kēu tūng-gié
 - Mìng-cŭk Háng-cŭk: 99.2%
Siă-cŭk: 0.4%
 - Ngṳ̄-ngiòng Ngù-ngṳ̄, Hŭi-ngṳ̄, Háng-ngṳ̄ Guăng-uâ, Mìng-nàng-ngṳ̄
Uōng-cângwww.zj.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Háng-cŭk\n
汉族/漢族
Cūng Ìng-kēu
Dâi-iók 130 uâng
Hŭng-buó dê-kṳ̆
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók 1,268,375,111
\"\" Dài-uăng 23,575,365
\"\" Hiŏng-gē̤ng 6,723,786
\"\" Ó̤-muòng 663,400
Ngṳ̄-ngiòng

Háng-ngṳ̄

Hông gì Cŭng-gáu

ù-cŭng-gáu, Hŭk-gáu, Dô̤-gáu, Ṳ̀-gáu, siēu-só hông Gĭ-dók-gáu

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Káh-chiók
Káh-chiók
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
  mò̤ ngùi-hiēng   (LC)
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Aves
mŭk:Passeriformes
kuŏ:Corvidae
sṳ̆k:Pica
cṳ̄ng:P. pica
Hŏk-miàng
Pica pica
(Linnaeus, 1758)
cṳ̄ng
\n
    \n
  • P. p. asirensis
    • \n
  • P. p. bactriana
    • \n
  • P. p. bottnensis
    • \n
  • P. p. fennorum
    • \n
  • P. p. hemileucoptera
    • \n
  • P. p. kamschatisa
    • \n
  • P. p. leucoptera
    • \n
  • P. p. mauritanica
    • \n
  • P. p. melanotos
    • \n
  • P. p. pica
    • \n
  • P. p. sericea
    • \n
"^^ . . . "228"^^ . "228"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Să̤-câung Cê̤ṳ-dê-kṳ̆
—  Cê̤ṳ-dê-kṳ̆  —
བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།
西藏自治区
Háng-ngṳ̄ diōng-siā
 - Háng-ngṳ̄西藏自治区
 - Pĭng-ĭngXīzàng Zìzhìqū
 - Gāng-chĭng藏 (Zàng)
Câung-ngṳ̄ diōng-siā
 - Câung-ngṳ̄བོད་རང་སྐྱོང་ལྗོངས།
 - Wyliebod rang skyong ljongs
 - Pĭng-ĭngPoi Ranggyong Jong
 - Gāng-chĭngབོད་ (bod)
\n
Să̤-câung gì sū-câi.
Siū-hūLă-sák
Guāng-hăk5 ciáh dê-ngék-chê, 2 ciáh dê-kṳ̆, 6 ciáh kṳ̆, 68 ciáh gâing, 692 ciáh déng
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 1,228,400 km2
Hāi-băk (có̤i gèng) 8,848 m
Ìng-kēu (2014 nièng 12 nguŏk)
 - Sū-iū3,180,000 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô2.59/km2
Ìng-kēu tūng-gié
 - Mìng-cŭk 90% Câung-cŭk\n
\n 8% \n Háng-cŭk\n
0.3% \n Monpa-cŭk\n
0.3% \n Huòi-cŭk\n
0.2% gì-tă\n
 - Ngṳ̄-ngiòng Câung-ngṳ̄, Háng-ngṳ̄
Uōng-cângwww.xizang.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ùng-ngiòng-ùng
古文/文言
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆Dṳ̆ng-guók Dâi-lṳ̆k, Dài-uăng, Nĭk-buōng, Dièu-siēng, Uŏk-nàng
gōng gì ìng-kēu—
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n Háng-cáung-ngṳ̄-hiê\n
    \n
  • Háng-ngṳ̄-cŭk\n
      \n
    • Ùng-ngiòng-ùng
      • \n
    • \n
\n
ùng-cêHáng-cê
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-1zh
ISO 639-2chi (B)
zho (T)
ISO 639-3lzh
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "477"^^ . "477"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ngū-hèng
Huō | Cūi | Mŭk | Gĭng | Tù
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mā-muōi-kṳ̆
马尾区
—  Kṳ̆  —
\n
Qingzhou Bridge spans the Min River, connecting Mawei District with Changle City
\n
\n
\n   Mā-muōi\n
găk Hók-ciŭ-chê gì ôi-dé.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Mā-muōi-kṳ̆\"\n
\n
\n Mā-muōi-kṳ̆\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Mā-muōi găk Hók-gióng
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°00′41″N 119°27′25″E / 26.01139°N 119.45694°E / 26.01139; 119.45694
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Dê-ngék-chê Hók-ciŭ
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Kŭ-chèng-gâing
古田县
—  Gâing  —
\n
Kŭ-chèng găk Nìng-dáik
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Kŭ-chèng-gâing\"\n
\n
\n Kŭ-chèng-gâing\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Kŭ-chèng găk Hók-gióng
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°37′N 118°51′E / 26.617°N 118.850°E / 26.617; 118.850
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Dê-ngék-chê Nìng-dáik
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chŏng-săng-kṳ̆
仓山区
—  Kṳ̆  —
\n
Chŏng-săng
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Chŏng-săng-kṳ̆\"\n
\n
\n Chŏng-săng-kṳ̆\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Chŏng-săng găk Hók-gióng
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°03′18″N 119°18′58″E / 26.05500°N 119.31611°E / 26.05500; 119.31611
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Dê-ngék-chê Hók-ciŭ
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 139 km2
Iù-céng biĕng-mā350007
Diêng-uâ kṳ̆-mā0591
Uōng-cângcs.fuzhou.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gū-làu-kṳ̆
鼓楼区
—  Kṳ̆  —
\n
\n
\n   Gū-làu\n
găk Hók-ciŭ-chê gì ôi-dé.
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Gū-làu-kṳ̆\"\n
\n
\n Gū-làu-kṳ̆\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Gū-làu găk Hók-gióng
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°05′08″N 119°18′14″E / 26.08556°N 119.30389°E / 26.08556; 119.30389
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Dê-ngék-chê Hók-ciŭ
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Bă-ciĕu
Bă-ciĕu
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
muòng:Magnoliophyta
gŏng:Liliopsida
mŭk:Zingiberales
kuŏ:Musaceae
sṳ̆k:Musa
"^^ . . . "267"^^ . "267"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "226"^^ . "226"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók Hók-gióng-sēng\n

Sēng-hŭi
Biék-chĭngMìng (閩)
Sēng-huôiGĭng-muòng (金門)
"^^ . . . "1392"^^ . "1392"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gâing gì miàng-cêHáng-cêcéng-hū cê̤ṳ-dêtūng-dê huōng-ùiDṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók gì hèng-céng gŭi-sṳ̆kBê-cé̤ṳ
Gĭng-muòng-gâing金門縣Gĭng-muòng-déngGĭng-muòng-dō̤Ciòng-ciŭ-chê Gĭng-muòng-gâingSēng céng-hū cê̤ṳ-dê
Lièng-gŏng-gâing連江縣Nàng-găng-hiŏngMā-cū-dō̤Hók-ciŭ-chê Lièng-gŏng-gâing Mā-cū-hiŏngDṳ̆ng-guók Dâi-lṳ̆k iâ ô siŏh ciáh Lièng-gŏng-gâing
Ŭ-kiŭ-hiŏng烏坵鄉Dâi-kiŭ-chŏngDâi-kiŭ-dō̤ gâe̤ng Siēu-kiŭ-dō̤Buò-dièng-chê Séu-sê̤ṳ-kṳ̆ Mì-ciŭ-déng Ŭ-kiŭ-chŏngIù Gĭng-muòng-gâing dâi-guāng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mìng-chiăng-gâing
闽清县
—  Gâing  —
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Mìng-chiăng-gâing\"\n
\n
\n Mìng-chiăng-gâing\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Mìng-chiăng găk Hók-gióng
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°13′N 118°52′E / 26.217°N 118.867°E / 26.217; 118.867
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Dê-ngék-chê Hók-ciŭ
"^^ . . . "325"^^ . "325"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Sĭng-báe̤k ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "259"^^ . "259"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lièng-gŏng-gâing
连江县
Lèng-gŏng
—  Gâing  —
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Lièng-gŏng-gâing\"\n
\n
\n Lièng-gŏng-gâing\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Găk Hók-gióng gì sū-câi.
Cô̤-biĕu: 26°12′N 119°32′E / 26.200°N 119.533°E / 26.200; 119.533
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Sēng Hók-gióng
Dê-ngék-chê Hók-ciŭ
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 1,168.1 km2
Ìng-kēu
 - Sū-iū620,000 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô530.8/km2
Uōng-cângljx.fuzhou.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "454"^^ . "454"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Uòng-pŭng
Vespula germanica
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
gŏng:Insecta
mŭk:Hymenoptera
Suborder

Apocrita
...

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Chái-guă
Chái-guă
Chái-guă gì huă
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
  mò̤ ngùi-hiēng   (LC)
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
muòng:Magnoliophyta
gŏng:Magnoliopsida
mŭk:Cucurbitales
kuŏ:Cucurbitaceae
sṳ̆k:Cucumis
cṳ̄ng:C. sativus
Hŏk-miàng
Cucumis sativus
L.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Dĭng-hiŏng-kó̤
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Actinopterygii
mŭk:Clupeiformes
kuŏ:Engraulidae
"^^ . . . "148"^^ . "148"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "55"^^ . "55"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "53"^^ . "53"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "133"^^ . "133"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "54"^^ . "54"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Hók-gióng Sṳ̆-huâng Dâi-hŏk
福建師範大學\n
Sìng-lĭk sì-găng1907 nièng
Gāng-chĭngHók-sṳ̆-dâi, Sṳ̆-dâi
Hŏk-hâiu dê-cīDṳ̆ng-guók Hók-ciŭ
"^^ . . . "60"^^ . "60"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "62"^^ . "62"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "188"^^ . "188"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Siông-hāi Gău-tŭng Dâi-hŏk
上海交通大學\n
Sìng-lĭk Sì-găng1896 nièng
Gāng-chĭngGău-dâi, Siông-hāi Gău-dâi
Hŏk-hâiu Dê-cīDṳ̆ng-guók Siông-hāi
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Hŭk-dáng Dâi-hŏk
復旦大學\n
Sìng-lĭk Sì-găng1905 nièng
Gāng-chĭngHŭk-dáng
Hŏk-hâiu Dê-cīDṳ̆ng-guók Siông-hāi
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Iù-diĕng-báu
Gáuk-cṳ̄ng iù-diĕng-báu
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
muòng:Magnoliophyta
gŏng:Liliopsida
mŭk:Poales
kuŏ:Poaceae
sṳ̆k:Zea
cṳ̄ng:Z. mays
Hŏk-miàng
Zea mays
L.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lă-sák-chê
—  Dê-ngék-chê  —
拉萨市 · ལྷ་ས་གྲོང་ཁྱེར།
Háng-ngṳ̄ diōng-siā
 - Háng-ngṳ̄拉萨
 - Pĭng-ĭngLāsà
Câung-ngṳ̄ diōng-siā
 - Câung-ngṳ̄ལྷ་ས་
 - Wylielha sa
 - Pĭng-ĭngLhasa
\n
Lă-sák-chê
\n
Lă-sák gì ôi-dé
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Lă-sák-chê\"\n
\n
\n Lă-sák-chê\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lă-sák gì sū-câi.
Cô̤-biĕu: 29°39′N 91°07′E / 29.650°N 91.117°E / 29.650; 91.117
Guók-gă \"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
Cê̤ṳ-dê-kṳ̆ Să̤-câung
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 29,274 km2
Ìng-kēu (2015)
 - Sū-iū902,500 nè̤ng
Uōng-cângwww.lasa.gov.cn
"^^ . . . "39"^^ . "39"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Chṳ̄
Microtus arvalis
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
Eocene dṳ̆ng-gĭ - hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
mĭk:Eukaryota
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
mŭk:Rodentia
ā-mŭk:Myomorpha
cūng-kuŏ:Muroidea
Illiger, 1811
"^^ . . . "128"^^ . "128"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "241"^^ . "241"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "295"^^ . "295"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Ŭ-gŭi
Ŭ-gŭi
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
Triassic - hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Sauropsida
mŭk:Testudines
Linnaeus, 1758
ā mŭk

Cryptodira
Pleurodira

"^^ . . . "168"^^ . "168"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ngū-hèng
Huō | Cūi | Mŭk | Gĭng | Tù
"^^ . . . "174"^^ . "174"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ngū-hèng
Huō | Cūi | Mŭk | Gĭng | Tù
"^^ . . . "753"^^ . "753"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Săng-sáiu
Chṳ̄ | Ngù | Hū | Tó | Lṳ̀ng | Siè | Mā | Iòng | Gàu | Giĕ | Kēng | Dṳ̆
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Huá-huá
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Aves
mŭk:Passeriformes
kuŏ:Sturnidae
sṳ̆k:Acridotheres
cṳ̄ng:A. cristatellus
Hŏk-miàng
Acridotheres cristatellus
(Linnaeus, 1766)
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Kŏng-tṳ̀ng
gáuk cṳ̄ng tè̤ng-giāng
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Arthropoda
ā-muòng:Hexapoda
gŏng:Insecta
Linnaeus, 1758
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Muòi-huă
Prunus mume blossoms
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
(muôi hŭng ngék)Eudicots
(muôi hŭng ngék)Rosids
mŭk:Rosales
kuŏ:Rosaceae
sṳ̆k:Prunus
ā-sṳ̆k:Prunus
cū / cáik:Armeniaca
cṳ̄ng:P. mume
Hŏk-miàng
Prunus mume
Siebold & Zucc.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Iòng-muòi
Iòng-muòi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
muòng:Magnoliophyta
gŏng:Magnoliopsida
mŭk:Fagales
kuŏ:Myricaceae
sṳ̆k:Myrica
cṳ̄ng:M. rubra
Hŏk-miàng
Myrica rubra
Siebold & Zucc.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Sīng Bō̤-dĭng
Chók-sié-nĭk1820 nièng  \"Edit
Chók-sié-dêMìng-âu \"Edit
Guó-sié-nĭk1879 nièng  \"Edit
guók-cĭkChĭng-dièu \"Edit
â̤ gōngÙng-ngiòng-ùng, 近代漢語 \"Edit
Hŏk-ôicéng-sê̤ṳ \"Edit
Cék-ngiĕkcéng-dê-gă \"Edit
Lâu-māLìng Puō-cìng \"Edit
Giāng沈瑜慶 \"Edit
\n
\n [\n diŏh Wikidata gāi]\n
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    • \n
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"^^ . . . "418"^^ . "418"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "367"^^ . "367"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "539"^^ . "539"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "413"^^ . "413"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "666"^^ . "666"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "963"^^ . "963"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "53"^^ . "53"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
智利共和國
República de Chile
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
旗徽章
自然地理
（實際控制）
首都圣地亚哥
面積\n
    \n
  • 國土面積：756 102,4 km2
    • \n
人民生活
官方語言西班牙語
人口\n
政治文化
政治制度共和國
領導人\n \n
經濟實力
貨幣單位比索
GDP$410.277億 （年）
人均GDP$264.095（年）
HDI0.822（年）
國家資料
國家代號CHL
國際域名縮寫.cl
國際電話區號+56
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mìng-ngṳ̄-ciĕ
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆\"\" Dṳ̆ng-guók
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók
ciō-iéu dê-kṳ̆Hók-gióng, Dài-uăng, Hāi-nàng gâe̤ng Guōng-dĕ̤ng gì buô-hông dê-kṳ̆
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n Háng-cáung Ngṳ̄-hiê\n \n
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-3—
ISO 639-6mclr

Mìng-ngṳ̄
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "246"^^ . "246"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lìng Sĕng
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Ciōng Gái-sĭk		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók guók-mìng céng-hū ciō-sĭk
1931 nièng - 1943 nièng		â siŏh êng:
Ciōng Gái-sĭk
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Lòng
Lòng
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
  mò̤ ngùi-hiēng   (LC)
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
Pleistocene dṳ̆ng-gĭ – hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
mŭk:Carnivora
kuŏ:Canidae
sṳ̆k:Canis
cṳ̄ng:C. lupus
Hŏk-miàng
Canis lupus
Linnaeus, 1758
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Gāng-lāng
Gāng-lāng
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
(muôi hŭng ngék)Eudicots
(muôi hŭng ngék)Asterids
mŭk:Lamiales
kuŏ:Oleaceae
sṳ̆k:Olea
cṳ̄ng:O. europaea
Hŏk-miàng
Olea europaea
L.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Săi
bō̤-hô câung-huóng
 Ciék-gê̤ṳng bìng-ngùi (VU)
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
Pleistocene chĕ̤-gĭ - hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
mŭk:Carnivora
kuŏ:Felidae
sṳ̆k:Panthera
cṳ̄ng:P. leo
Hŏk-miàng
Panthera leo
(Linnaeus, 1758)
ê-miàng
\n
\n Felis leo \n
\n (Linnaeus, 1758)\n
"^^ . . . "129"^^ . "129"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
維基共享裡勢有共唐朝有干過其內容。
"^^ . . . "129"^^ . "129"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
中國歷史
史前 | 夏 | 商 | 周 （西周、東周、春秋、戰國） | 秦 | 漢 （西漢、新、東漢） | 三國 （曹魏、蜀漢、東吳） | 晉 （西晉、東晉） | 五胡十六國 （成漢、前趙、後趙、前涼、前燕、前秦、後燕、後晉、西晉、後涼、南涼、西涼、北涼、南燕、北燕、夏） | 南北朝 （南朝：劉宋、南齊、南梁、南陳；北朝：北魏、西魏、東魏、北周、北齊） | 隋 | 唐 | 五代十國 （五代：後梁、後唐、後晉、後漢、後周；十國：吳越、閩、荊南、馬楚、楊吳、南唐、南漢、北漢、前蜀、後蜀） | 宋 （北宋、南宋） | 遼 | 金 | 西夏 | 元 | 明 （南明） | 清 | 中华民國 | 中華人民共和國
"^^ . . . "1050"^^ . "1050"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
維基共享裡勢有共明朝有干過其內容。
"^^ . . . "1050"^^ . "1050"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
中國歷史
史前 | 夏 | 商 | 周 （西周、東周、春秋、戰國） | 秦 | 漢 （西漢、新、東漢） | 三國 （曹魏、蜀漢、東吳） | 晉 （西晉、東晉） | 五胡十六國 （成漢、前趙、後趙、前涼、前燕、前秦、後燕、後晉、西晉、後涼、南涼、西涼、北涼、南燕、北燕、夏） | 南北朝 （南朝：劉宋、南齊、南梁、南陳；北朝：北魏、西魏、東魏、北周、北齊） | 隋 | 唐 | 五代十國 （五代：後梁、後唐、後晉、後漢、後周；十國：吳越、閩、荊南、馬楚、楊吳、南唐、南漢、北漢、前蜀、後蜀） | 宋 （北宋、南宋） | 遼 | 金 | 西夏 | 元 | 明 （南明） | 清 | 中华民國 | 中華人民共和國
"^^ . . . "298"^^ . "298"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n    \n
\n
\n
維基共享裡勢有共元朝有干過其內容。
"^^ . . . "298"^^ . "298"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
中國歷史
史前 | 夏 | 商 | 周 （西周、東周、春秋、戰國） | 秦 | 漢 （西漢、新、東漢） | 三國 （曹魏、蜀漢、東吳） | 晉 （西晉、東晉） | 五胡十六國 （成漢、前趙、後趙、前涼、前燕、前秦、後燕、後晉、西晉、後涼、南涼、西涼、北涼、南燕、北燕、夏） | 南北朝 （南朝：劉宋、南齊、南梁、南陳；北朝：北魏、西魏、東魏、北周、北齊） | 隋 | 唐 | 五代十國 （五代：後梁、後唐、後晉、後漢、後周；十國：吳越、閩、荊南、馬楚、楊吳、南唐、南漢、北漢、前蜀、後蜀） | 宋 （北宋、南宋） | 遼 | 金 | 西夏 | 元 | 明 （南明） | 清 | 中华民國 | 中華人民共和國
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Hók-ciŭ-nè̤ng\n
Hók-ciŭ-nè̤ng, Sĕk-ék-nè̤ng, 福州儂, 十邑儂
Cūng Ìng-kēu
~10,000,000
Hŭng-buó dê-kṳ̆
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-guókHók-gióng
\"\" Dài-uăngMā-cū
\"\" Mī-guókNiū-iók-chê
\"\" Mā-lài-să̤-āSĭ-bŭ
Ngṳ̄-ngiòng

Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄ (Hók-ciŭ-uâ, Kŭ-chèng-uâ, Nìng-dáik-uâ, Hók-chiăng-uâ)

Hông gì Cŭng-gáu

Dŏ̤-só: Hŭk-gáu, Dô̤-gáu, Ṳ̀-gáu, ù-cŭng-gáu...
siēu-só: Gĭ-dók-gáu

Siŏng-guăng Mìng-cŭk

Hók-gióng-nè̤ng (Buò-dièng-nè̤ng, Mìng-nàng-nè̤ng, ...), Háng-cŭk

"^^ . . . "399"^^ . "399"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "569"^^ . "569"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "258"^^ . "258"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Tutankhamun gì miàng-cê\n
Ăi-gĭk ùng-cêLá-dĭng diōng-siā
Horus miàng\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"E1\"
\"D40\"		\"t\"\"G43\"\"t\"\"F31\"\"s\"\"t\"\"G43\"\"Z3\"
Kanakht Tutmesut
Nebti miàng\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"nfr\"\"O4\"
\"p\"		\"G43\"\"M40\"\"Z3\"\"s\"\"W11\"
\"r\"		\"V28\"\"D36\"
\"N17\"
\"N17\"		\"N21\"
\"N21\"

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"wr\"\"aH\"\"pr\"\"Z1\"\"i\"\"mn\"
\"n\"		\"nb\"
\"r\"		\"Dr\"
\"r\"		\"A41\"
Neferhepusegerehtawy Werahamun Nebrdjer
Gĭng miàng\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"U39\"\"N28\"
\"Z2\"		\"O34\"\"R4\"
\"t\" \"p\"		\"R8A\"\"HqA\"\"q\"
\"Y1\"		\"mAat\"\"s\"

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"Htp\"
\"t\" \"p\"		\"R8A\"\"w\"\"T\"
\"z\"		\"U39\"\"xa\"
\"Z2\"		\"i\"\"t\"
\"f\"

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"A41\"
\"f\"		\"C2\"\"U39\"\"xa\"
\"Z2\"		\"Tz\"
\"z\"		\"tA\"
\"tA\"		\"m\"
Wetjeskhausehetepnetjeru Heqamaatsehetepnetjeru Wetjeskhauitefre Wetjeskhautjestawyim
Prenomen miàng\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"N5\"\"L1\"\"Z2\"
\"nb\"
Nebkheperure
Nomen miàng\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"i\"\"mn\"
\"n\"		\"t\"\"G43\"\"t\"\"S34\"\"HqA\"\"iwn\"\"Sma\"
Tutankhamun Hekaiunushema
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Éng-dô-nà̤-să̤-ā Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
Republik Indonesia
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Éng-nà̤ gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭJakarta
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 1,904,569 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 15 miàng
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 237,424,363 nè̤ng 2010 nièng puō-că, sié-gái dâ̤ 4 miàng
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 124.66 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 84 miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n
"^^ . . . "234"^^ . "234"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "263"^^ . "263"^^ . "wikitable nounderlines" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Duâi-siā
ABCDEFGHIJKLM
NOPQRSTUVWXYZ
Siēu-siā
abcdefghijklm
nopqrstuvwxyz
"^^ . . . "353"^^ . "353"^^ . "wikitable nounderlines" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ciĕng-ĭngDâe̤ng-ĭngCiék-ĭngHŭng-ĭng
ÁÉÍÓÚÝÀÈÌÒÙÂÊÎÔÛÄËÏÖÜŸ
áéíóúýàèìòùâêîôûäëïöüÿ
"^^ . . . "353"^^ . "353"^^ . "wikitable nounderlines" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Niōng-ĭngPé-ĭngPé-huá-ĭngHăk-tā̤-cêTéng Rune cê-mō̤ lā̤ lì
ÇŞÃÕÑĄĘĮŲÆŒØIJÞ
çşãõñąęįųæœøijßþ
"^^ . . . "182"^^ . "182"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄ gì kana: \n hiragana (cō̤) gâe̤ng \n katakana (êu)\n
–kstnhmyrw
aあア\n かカ\n さサ\n たタ\n なナ\n はハ\n まマ\n やヤ\n らラ\n わワ
i\n いイ\n きキ\n しシ\n ちチ\n にニ\n ひヒ\n みミ\n ※\n りリ\n ゐヰ
u\n うウ\n くク\n すス\n つツ\n ぬヌ\n ふフ\n むム\n ゆユ\n るル\n ※
e\n えエ\n けケ\n せセ\n てテ\n ねネ\n へヘ\n めメ\n ※\n れレ\n ゑヱ
o\n おオ\n こコ\n そソ\n とト\n のノ\n ほホ\n もモ\n よヨ\n ろロ\n をヲ
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n  \n
\n  \n
\n んン
(n)
"^^ . . . "310"^^ . "310"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "334"^^ . "334"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "142"^^ . "142"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chái Ĭng-ùng
蔡英文
Dâ̤ 14 êng Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók cūng-tūng
\n
\n Câi-êng\n
Cêu-êng
2016 nièng 5 nguŏk 20 hô̤
\n Hó cūng-tūngDìng Gióng-ìng
\n Sèng-êngMā Ĭng-giū
Dâ̤ 12, 13, 15 êng Mìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng dōng-ciō-sĭk
\n
\n Câi-êng\n
\n Cêu-êng
2014 nièng 5 nguŏk 28 hô̤
\n Sèng-êngSŭ Dĭng-chiŏng
\n Êng-gĭ
2008 nièng 5 nguŏk 20 hô̤ – 2012 nièng 1 nguŏk 14 hô̤
\n Sèng-êngSiâ Diòng-dìng (dâi-lī)
\n Gié-êngDìng Gé̤ṳk (dâi-lī)
Gó̤-ìng séng-sék
Chók-sié1956 nièng 8 nguŏk 31 hô̤ （1956-08-31）(63 huói)
\"\" Dài-uăng Dài-báe̤k
Céng-dōngMìng-ciō Céng-buô-dōng (2004–dāng)
Mū-hâu\n Guók-lĭk Dài-uăng Dâi-hŏk
Cornell Huák-lŭk Hŏk-iêng
Lùng-dŭng Gĭng-cá̤ Hŏk-iêng
"^^ . . . "349"^^ . "349"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chái Ĭng-ùng
guăng-uòng
sèng siŏh êng:
Mā Ĭng-giū		Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók (Dài-uăng) cūng-tūng
2016 nièng -		hiêng-êng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Pakistan Ĭ-sṳ̆-làng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
اسلامی جمہوریہ پاكستان
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Pakistan gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭIslamabad
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 881,913 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 36 miàng
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 202,971,003 nè̤ng 2015 nièng puō-că, sié-gái dâ̤ 6 miàng
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 260.8 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 55 miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n
"^^ . . . "185"^^ . "185"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ció-ĭngIPAgāi-siók
ㄅ[b̥] ~ [p]
ㄆ[pʰ]
ㄇ[m]
ㄈ[f]
ㄉ[d̥] ~ [t]
ㄊ[tʰ]
ㄋ[n]
ㄌ[l]
ㄍ[ɡ̊] ~ [k]
ㄎ[kʰ]
ㄏ[h] ~ [χ]
ㄐ[d̥ʑ̥]
ㄑ[tɕʰ]
ㄒ[ɕ]
ㄓ[ɖ̥ʐ̥]
ㄔ[ʈʂʰ]
ㄕ[ʂ]
ㄖ[ʐ]
ㄗ[d̥z̥]
ㄘ[tsʰ]
ㄙ[s]
"^^ . . . "195"^^ . "195"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ció-ĭngIPAgāi-siók
Dăng mō̤-ĭng
ㄚ[ɑ]
ㄛ[ɔ]
ㄜ[ə]
ㄧ[i]
ㄨ[u]
ㄩ[y]
ㄦ[əɻ]
Sĕ̤ng mō̤-ĭng gâe̤ng săng mō̤-ĭng
ㄞ[aɪ̯]
ㄠ[ɑo̯]
ㄡ[ɔʊ̯]
ㄟ[ɛɪ̯]
ㄧㄚ[i̯a]
ㄧㄠ[i̯ɑo̯]
ㄧㄛ[i̯ɔ]
ㄧㄡ[i̯oʊ̯]
ㄧㄝ[i̯ɛ]
ㄨㄚ[u̯ɑ]
ㄨㄞ[u̯aɪ̯]
ㄨㄛ[u̯ɔ]
ㄨㄟ[u̯eɪ̯]
ㄩㄝ[y̆ɛ]
-n siŭ-muōi
ㄢ[an]
ㄧㄢ[i̯ɛn]
ㄨㄢ[u̯an]
ㄩㄢ[y̆ɛn]
ㄣ[ən]
ㄨㄣ[u̯ən]
ㄧㄣ[in]
ㄩㄣ[yn]
-ng siŭ-muōi
ㄤ[ɑŋ]
ㄧㄤ[i̯ɑŋ]
ㄨㄤ[u̯ɑŋ]
ㄨㄥ[ʊŋ]
ㄩㄥ[i̯ʊŋ]
ㄥ[ʌŋ]
ㄨㄥ[u̯ʌŋ]
ㄧㄥ[iŋ]
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Yemen
الجمهورية اليمنية‎
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
gáik-ngiòng: \n
\n 模板:Native name\n
\n \"Allāh, al-Waṭan, ath-Thawrah, al-Waḥdah\"\n
\n \"God, Country, Revolution, Unity\"\n
guók-gŏ̤: 模板:Native name
al-Jumhūrīyah al-Muttaḥidâh
\"United Republic\"\n
\n
\n \n
\n
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Yemen gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭSana'a
Aden (provisional, Hadi Government)
Có̤i duâi siàng-chêSana'a
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 528,076 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 50th miàng
    • \n
sì-kṳ̆UTC+3
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngĀ-lá-báik-ngṳ̄
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • ìng-kēu: 25,408,000 nè̤ng 2013 nièng gŭ-gié, sié-gái dâ̤ 48th miàng
    • \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 19,685,000 nè̤ng 2004 nièng puō-că
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 44.7 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 160th miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôProvisional government
liāng-dô-ìng\n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiYemeni rial
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$31.326 billion (2016 nièng)
GDP (PPP)$73.445 billion (2016 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$1,075(2016 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (PPP)$2,521 (2016 nièng)
HDI0.498(2013 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-gă dâi-hô̤YEM
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā.ye, اليمن.
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+967
"^^ . . . "359"^^ . "359"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
pĭng-ĭngIPAgāi-siók
b[p]
p[pʰ]
m[m]
f[f]
d[t]
t[tʰ]
n[n]
l[l]
g[k]
k[kʰ]
h[x]
j[tɕ]
q[tɕʰ]
x[ɕ]
zh[ʈʂ]
ch[ʈʂʰ]
sh[ʂ]
r[ʐ]
z[ts]
c[tsʰ]
s[s]
w[w]
y[j]
’[.]
"^^ . . . "370"^^ . "370"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
pĭng-ĭngIPAgāi-siók
-i[z̩], [ʐ̩]
a[ɑ]
o[u̯ɔ]
e[ɤ], [ə]
ê[ɛ]
ai[aɪ̯]
ei[ei̯]
ao[ɑʊ̯]
ou[ou̯]
an[an]
en[ən]
ang[ɑŋ]
eng[ɤŋ]
ong[ʊŋ]
er[ɑɻ]
Téng i- (y-) kī-tàu
i / yi[i]
ia / yia[i̯ɑ]
io / yio[i̯ɔ]
ie / yie[i̯ɛ]
iao / yiao[iɑʊ]
iu / yiu[i̯ou̯]
ian / yian[i̯ɛn]
in / yin[in]
iang / yiang[i̯ɑŋ]
ing / ying[iŋ]
iong / yiong[i̯ʊŋ]
Téng u- (w-) kī-tàu
u / wu[u]
ua / wua[u̯a]
uo / wuo[u̯ɔ]
uai / wuai[u̯aɪ̯]
ui / wui[u̯ei̯]
uan / wuan[u̯an]
un / wun[u̯ən]
uang / wuang[u̯ɑŋ]
ong / wong[u̯ɤŋ]
Téng ü- (yu-) kī-tàu
u, ü / yu, yü[y]
ue, üe / yue, yüe[y̯ɛ]
uan / yuan[y̯ɛn]
un, ün / yun, yün[yn]
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Bosnia gâe̤ng Herzegovina
Bosna i Hercegovina
Босна и Херцеговина
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Bosnia gâe̤ng Herzegovina gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭSarajevo
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Báe̤k Mā-gì-dóng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
Република Македонија
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
gáik-ngiòng: Слобода или смрт
guók-gŏ̤:
Денес над Македонија
Denes nad Makedonija
Today over Macedonia
\n
\n 文件:Anthem of the Republic of Macedonia (Instrumental).ogg\n
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Báe̤k Mā-gì-dóng gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭSkopje
Có̤i duâi siàng-chêcapital
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 25,713 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 148th miàng
    • \n
sì-kṳ̆UTC+1
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
guăng-huŏng ngṳ̄-ngiòngMacedonian
Tŭng-ê̤ṳng ngṳ̄-ngiòng模板:Hlist
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • ìng-kēu: 2,069,162 nè̤ng [[2014 nièng]] gŭ-gié, sié-gái dâ̤ 146th miàng
    • \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 2,022,547 nè̤ng 2002 nièng puō-că
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 80.1 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 122nd miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
céng-dê cié-dôParliamentary republic
liāng-dô-ìng\n
gĭng-cá̤ sĭk-lĭk
huó-bê dăng-ôiMacedonian denar
GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$10.424 billion (2016 nièng)
GDP (PPP)\n $30.377 billion (2016 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (mìng-ngiê siông gì)$5,021(2016 nièng)
ìng-gĭng GDP (PPP)$14,631 (2016 nièng)
HDI0.747(2014 nièng)
Guók-gă cṳ̆-lâiu
guók-cié ṳ̆k-miàng sáuk-siā\n
\n \n
guók-gă diêng-uâ kṳ̆-hô̤+389
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox bordered" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lé-bă-nâung Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
الجمهورية اللبنانية
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gìhŭi-ciŏng
cê̤ṳ-iòng dê-lī
(sĭk-cié kóng-cié)

Lé-bă-nâung gì sū-câi.
Siū-dŭBeirut
Miêng-cék\n
    \n
  • guók-tū miêng-cék 10,452 km2 sié-gái dâ̤ 166 miàng
    • \n
Ìng-mìng sĕng-huák
ìng-kēu\n
    \n
  • cūng ìng-kēu: 4,467,000 nè̤ng 2015 nièng puō-că, sié-gái dâ̤ 112 miàng
    • \n
  • ìng-kēu mĭk-dô: 560 nè̤ng/km2 , sié-gái dâ̤ 21 miàng
    • \n
Céng-dê ùng-huá
liāng-dô-ìng\n
"^^ . . . "160"^^ . "160"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "136"^^ . "136"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lŏk-săng-gĭ
—  Siàng-chê  —
City of Los Angeles
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Gì
Hŭi-ciŏng
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Lŏk-săng-gĭ\"\n
\n
\n Lŏk-săng-gĭ\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Guók-gă \"\" Mī-guók
Ciŭ California
Gông Lŏk-săng-gĭ
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 1,213.8 km2
Ìng-kēu (2010)
 - Sū-iū3,792,621 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô3,124.6/km2
"^^ . . . "631"^^ . "631"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "118"^^ . "118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "118"^^ . "118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "152"^^ . "152"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "403"^^ . "403"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ciĕ-gă-gŏ̤
—  Siàng-chê  —
City of Chicago
\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Gì
Hŭi-ciŏng
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Ciĕ-gă-gŏ̤\"\n
\n
\n Ciĕ-gă-gŏ̤\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Guók-gă \"\" Mī-guók
Ciŭ Illinois
Gông Cook, DuPage
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 589.56 km2
Ìng-kēu (2010)
 - Sū-iū2,695,598 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô4,572.2/km2
"^^ . . . "128"^^ . "128"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Sĭ-bŭ
—  Déng  —
Sibu
  diōng-siā
 - Háng-ngṳ̄诗巫
\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Hŭi-ciŏng
Nguôi-hô̤: Tiĕng-ngò̤-siàng, Sĭng Hók-ciŭ
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n \"Sĭ-bŭ\"\n
\n
\n Sĭ-bŭ\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Cô̤-biĕu: 02°17′16″N 111°49′51″E / 2.28778°N 111.83083°E / 2.28778; 111.83083
Guók-gă \"\" Mā-lài-să̤-ā
Ciŭ Sarawak
Sēng Sibu Sēng
Gâing Sibu Gâing
Miêng-cék
 - Déng 129.5 km2
Hāi-băk 0 m
Hāi-băk (có̤i gèng) 59 m
Ìng-kēu (2010)
 - Déng162,676 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô1,256.2/km2
 - Dŭ-chê-kuŏng240,165 (2,014)
Sì-kṳ̆MST (UTC+8)
Iù-céng biĕng-mā96xxx
Uōng-cângwww.smc.gov.my
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Măk
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
(muôi hŭng ngék)Monocots
(muôi hŭng ngék)Commelinids
mŭk:Poales
kuŏ:Poaceae
ā-kuŏ:Pooideae
cŭk:Triticeae
sṳ̆k:Triticum
L.
cṳ̄ng

T. aestivum
T. aethiopicum
T. araraticum
T. boeoticum
T. carthlicum
T. compactum
T. dicoccoides
T. dicoccon
T. durum
T. ispahanicum
T. karamyschevii
T. macha
T. militinae
T. monococcum
T. polonicum
T. spelta
T. sphaerococcum
T. timopheevii
T. turanicum
T. turgidum
T. urartu
T. vavilovii
T. zhukovskyi

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox geography vcard" . " \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Să-lăk-uŏk
—  Ciŭ  —
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n

Gì
Hŭi-gé
\n
Cô̤-biĕu: 2°48′N 113°53′E / 2.800°N 113.883°E / 2.800; 113.883
Guók-gă \"\" Mā-lài-să̤-ā
Siū-hūGū-céng
Miêng-cék
 - Sū-iū 124,451 km2
Ìng-kēu (2017)
 - Sū-iū2,770,000 nè̤ng
 - Mĭk-dô22.3/km2
Iù-céng biĕng-mā93xxx
Diêng-uâ kṳ̆-mā082 to 086
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Muàng-ngṳ̀
Muàng-ngṳ̀
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
Cretaceous - hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Actinopterygii
mŭk:Anguilliformes
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Uòng-dăi
Uòng-dăi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
(muôi hŭng ngék)Monocots
(muôi hŭng ngék)Commelinids
mŭk:Poales
kuŏ:Poaceae
sṳ̆k:Panicum
cṳ̄ng:P. miliaceum
Hŏk-miàng
Panicum miliaceum
L.
ê-miàng
\n
    \n
  • Leptoloma miliacea (L.) Smyth
    • \n
  • Milium esculentum Moench nom. illeg.
    • \n
  • Milium panicum Mill. nom. illeg.
    • \n
  • Panicum asperrimum Fisch.
    • \n
  • Panicum asperrimum Fischer ex Jacq.
    • \n
  • Panicum densepilosum Steud.
    • \n
  • Panicum milium Pers. nom. illeg.
    • \n
  • Panicum ruderale (Kitag.) D.M.Chang
    • \n
  • Panicum spontaneum Zhuk. nom. inval.
    • \n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Kēng-muōi-dăi
Kēng-muōi-dăi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Plantae
(muôi hŭng ngék)Monocots
(muôi hŭng ngék)Commelinids
mŭk:Poales
kuŏ:Poaceae
ā-kuŏ:Panicoideae
sṳ̆k:Setaria
cṳ̄ng:S. italica
Hŏk-miàng
Setaria italica
(L.) P. Beauvois
ê-miàng

iā sâ̤

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Iòng   82Pb\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Sék
↑
Iòng
↓
Flerovi
Tali ← Iòng → Bitmut
ngôi-guăng
ngṳ̀ng-băh-sáik gĭng-sṳ̆k
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóIòng (Plumbum)·Pb·82
nguòng-só lôi-biékbìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆14·6·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông207.2(1)(5)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Xe] 4f145d106s26p2
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 4

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tái
iòng-diēng600.61 K,327.46 °C,621.43 °F
bé-diēng2022 K,1749 °C,3180 °F
iòng iĕk4.77 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk179.5 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng26.650 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K97810881229141216602027
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái

4, 3, 2, 1

(lâng-séng)
diêng-hô-séng1.87 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 715.6 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 1450.5 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 3081.5 kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng175 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng146±5 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng202 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

miêng-sĭng lĭk-huŏng

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳhuāng-cṳ̀-séng
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)208 n Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk35.3 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)28.9 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)
1190 m·s−1
Young muò-liông16 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông5.6 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông46 GPa
Poisson bī0.44
Mohs ngâing-dô̤1.5
Brinell ngâing-dô5.0 HB = 38.3 MPa
CAS hô̤7439-92-1
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
204Pb1.4%>1.4×1017 yα1.972200Hg
205Pbsyn1.53×107 yε0.051205Tl
206Pb24.1%ūng-dêng, dái 124 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
207Pb22.1%ūng-dêng, dái 125 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
208Pb52.4%>2×1019yα-204Hg
210Pbhèng-liông22.3 yα3.792206Hg
β−0.064210Bi
"^^ . . . "226"^^ . "226"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "54"^^ . "54"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Tàng-táik
Tàng-táik
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
Cretaceous muăk-gĭ – hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
cūng-gŏng:Osteichthyes
gŏng:Actinopterygii
ā-gŏng:Neopterygii
hâ-gŏng:Teleostei
cūng-mŭk:Ostariophysi
mŭk:Siluriformes
G. Cuvier, 1817
Kuŏ

Akysidae
Amblycipitidae
Amphiliidae
Anchariidae
Ariidae
Aspredinidae
Astroblepidae
Auchenipteridae
Austroglanididae
Bagridae
Callichthyidae
Cetopsidae
Chacidae
Clariidae
Claroteidae
Cranoglanididae
Diplomystidae
Doradidae
Erethistidae
Heptapteridae
Heteropneustidae
Horabagridae
Ictaluridae
Kryptoglanidae
Lacantuniidae
Loricariidae
Malapteruridae
Mochokidae
Nematogenyiidae
Pangasiidae
Pimelodidae
Plotosidae
Pseudopimelodidae
Schilbeidae
Scoloplacidae
Siluridae
Sisoridae
Trichomycteridae

incertae sedis
  Conorhynchos

\n \n Andinichthyidae\n

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Tiék   26Fe\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
-
↑
Tiék
↓
Rutheni
Mangan ← Tiék → Coban
ngôi-guăng
gĭng-sṳ̆k: ciēng-hŭi-sáik gáu ngṳ̀ng-băh-sáik


tiék gì guŏng-puō-siáng
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóTiék (ferrum)·Fe·26
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆8·4·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông55.845(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d6 4s2
2, 8, 14, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
7.874 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤6.98 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1811 K,1538 °C,2800 °F
bé-diēng3134 K,2862 °C,5182 °F
iòng iĕk13.81 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk340 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.10 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K172818902091234626793132
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái{{{oxidation states}}}
(lâng-séng)
diêng-hô-séng1.83 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 762.5 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 1561.9 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 2957 kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng126 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng132±3 (dă̤ cê̤ṳ-siòng), 152±6 (gŏ̤ cê̤ṳ-siòng) pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

gāng-dăng lĭk-huŏng gĭng-gák

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳtiék-cṳ̀-séng
Curi diēng1043 K
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)96.1n Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk80.4 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)11.8 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)(diêng-gā̤)
5120 m·s−1
Young muò-liông211 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông82 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông170 GPa
Poisson bī0.29
Mohs ngâing-dô̤4
Vickers ngâing-dô608 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô490 MPa
CAS hô̤7439-89-6
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
54Fe5.8%>3.1×1022 yβ+β+0.680054Cr
55Fesyn2.73 yε0.23155Mn
56Fe91.72%ūng-dêng, dái 30 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
57Fe2.2%ūng-dêng, dái 31 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
58Fe0.28%ūng-dêng, dái 32 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
59Fesyn44.503 dβ−1.56559Co
60Fesyn2.6×106 yβ−3.97860Co
"^^ . . . "226"^^ . "226"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "197"^^ . "197"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Kō̤-giéng-guŏng gì guŏng-puō\n
Ngàng-sáikPŏ̤-dòngBìng-lŭk
È̤ng-sáik625 - 740 nm480 - 405 MHz
Cèng-sáik590 - 625 nm510 - 480 MHz
Uòng-sáik565 - 590 nm530 - 510 MHz
Liŏh-sáik500 - 565 nm600 - 530 MHz
Chăng-sáik485 - 500 nm620 - 600 MHz
Làng-sáik440 - 485 nm680 - 620 MHz
Ciē-sáik380 - 440 nm790 - 680 MHz
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Ngṳ̀ng   47Ag\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Dè̤ng
↑
Ngṳ̀ng
↓
Gĭng
Paladi ← Ngṳ̀ng → Cadimi
ngôi-guăng
gĭng-sṳ̆k: Ngṳ̀ng-băh-sáik

diêng-gā̤ gì ngṳ̀ng
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóNgṳ̀ng (argentum)·Ag·47
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆11·5·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông107.8682
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 4d10 5s1
2, 8, 18, 18, 1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
10.49 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤9.320 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1234.93 K,961.78 °C,1763.2 °F
bé-diēng2435 K,2162 °C,3924 °F
iòng iĕk11.28 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk250.58 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.3132144525464362 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K128314131575178220552433
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái1, 2, 3 (lâng-séng)
diêng-hô-séng1.93 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 731.0 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 2070 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 3361 kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng144 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng145±5 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng172 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

miêng-sĭng lĭk-huŏng

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳhuāng-cṳ̀-séng
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)15.87n Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk429 W·m−1·K−1
iĕk guóh-sáng hiê-só(300 K)174 mm2/s
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)18.9 µm·m−1·K−1
Young muò-liông83 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông30 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông100 GPa
Poisson bī0.37
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.5
Vickers ngâing-dô251 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô206 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-22-4
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
105Agsyn41.2 dε-105Pd
γ0.344, 0.280,
0.644, 0.443		-
106mAgsyn8.28 dε-106Pd
γ0.511, 0.717,
1.045, 0.450		-
107Ag51.839%ūng-dêng, dái 60 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
108mAgsyn418 yε-108Pd
IT0.109108Ag
γ0.433, 0.614,
0.722		-
109Ag48.161%ūng-dêng, dái 62 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
111Agsyn7.45 dβ−1.036, 0.694111Cd
γ0.342-
"^^ . . . "228"^^ . "228"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Cūi-ngṳ̀ng   80Hg\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Cadimi
↑
Cūi-ngṳ̀ng
↓
Copernici
Gĭng ← Cūi-ngṳ̀ng → Tali
ngôi-guăng
ngṳ̀ng-sáik


cūi-ngṳ̀ng gì nguòng-cṳ̄ guŏng-puō
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóCūi-ngṳ̀ng (hydrargyrum)·Hg·80
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆12·6·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông200.59(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[ Xe ] 4f14 5d10 6s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táiĭk-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
13.534 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng234.32 K,-38.83 °C,-37.89 °F
bé-diēng629.88 K,356.73 °C,674.11 °F
lìng-gái-diēng1750 K, 172.00 MPa
iòng iĕk2.29 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk59.11 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng27.983 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K315350393449523629
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái4 (HgF4), 2 (sĭng-góng), 1 (ā-góng)
(iŏk giĕng-séng)
diêng-hô-séng2.00 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 1007.1 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 1810 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 3300 kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng151 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng132±5 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng155 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

săng-huŏng

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳkáung-cṳ̀-séng
diêng-cū-lŭk(25 °C) 961n Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk8.30 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)60.4 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(ĭk-tā̤, 20 °C) 1451.4 m·s−1
CAS hô̤7439-97-6
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
194Hgìng-cô̤444 nièngdiêng-cṳ̄ buô-huó0.040194Au
195Hgìng-cô̤9.9 dēng-cṳ̆ngdiêng-cṳ̄ buô-huó1.510195Au
196Hg0.15%>2.5×1018nièngα2.0273192Pt
β+β+0.8197196Pt
197Hgìng-cô̤64.14 dēng-cṳ̆ngdiêng-cṳ̄ buô-huó0.600197Au
198Hg9.97%ūng-dêng, dái 118 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
199Hg16.87%ūng-dêng, dái 119 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
200Hg23.1%ūng-dêng, dái 120 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
201Hg13.18%ūng-dêng, dái 121 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
202Hg29.86%ūng-dêng, dái 122 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
203Hgìng-cô̤46.612 nĭkβ−0.492203Tl
204Hg6.87%ūng-dêng, dái 124 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Sék   50Sn\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Gecmani
↑
Sék
↓
iòng
Indi ← Sék → Antimon
ngôi-guăng
silvery-white (beta, β) or gray (alpha, α)
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóSék (stannum)·Sn·50
nguòng-só lôi-biékbìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆14·5·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông118.710(7)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p2
2, 8, 18, 18, 4

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
white, β: 7.365 g·cm−3
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
gray, α: 5.769 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤6.99 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng505.08 K,231.93 °C,449.47 °F
bé-diēng2875 K,2602 °C,4716 °F
iòng iĕkwhite, β: 7.03 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕkwhite, β: 296.1 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ngwhite, β: 27.112 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K149716571855210724382893
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3, −4
((an amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.96 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng140 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng139±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng217 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

tetragonal

\n

\n
white (β)
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳgray: diamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(0 °C)115 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk66.8 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)22.0 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)2730 m·s−1
Young muò-liông50 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông18 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông58 GPa
Poisson bī0.36
Brinell ngâing-dô50–440 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-31-5
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
112Sn0.97%–(β+β+)1.9222112Cd
114Sn0.66%–(SF)<27.965
115Sn0.34%–(SF)<26.791
116Sn14.54%–(SF)<25.905
117Sn7.68%–(SF)<25.334
118Sn24.22%–(SF)<23.815
119Sn8.59%–(SF)<23.140
120Sn32.58%–(SF)<21.824
122Sn4.63%–(β−β−)0.3661122Te
124Sn5.79%>1×1017 y(β−β−)2.2870124Te
126Sntrace2.3×105 yβ−0.380 +126Sb
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Lé̤ṳ   13Al\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Bèng
↑
Lé̤ṳ
↓
Gali
Magne ← Lé̤ṳ → Sĭk
ngôi-guăng
ngṳ̀ng-hŭi-sáik gĭng-sṳ̆k


Lé̤ṳ gì nguòng-cṳ̄ guŏng-puō
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóLé̤ṳ (aluminium)·Al·13
nguòng-só lôi-biékbìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆13·3·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông26.9815386(13)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ne] 3s2 3p1
2, 8, 3

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ê̤ṳ-cháikAntoine Lavoisier(1787 nièng)
hŭng-liêFriedrich Wöhler(1827 nièng)
kī-miàngHumphry Davy(1807 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tái
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
2.70 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤2.375 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng933.47 K,660.32 °C,1220.58 °F
bé-diēng2792 K,2519 °C,4566 °F
iòng iĕk10.71 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk294.0 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.200 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K148216321817205423642790
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái3, 2, 1
(lâng-séng iōng-huá-ŭk)
diêng-hô-séng1.61 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 577.5 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 1816.7 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 2744.8 kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng143 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng121±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng184 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

miêng-sĭng lĭk-huŏng

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳsông-cṳ̀-séng
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)28.2 n Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk237 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)23.1 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)5,000 m·s−1
Young muò-liông70 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông26 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông76 GPa
Poisson bī0.35
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.75
Vickers ngâing-dô167 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô245 MPa
CAS hô̤7429-90-5
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
26Almì-liông7.17×105 yrβ+1.1726Mg
ε-26Mg
γ1.8086-
27Al100%ūng-dêng, dái 14 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Băh-gĭng   78Pt\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Paladi
↑
Băh-gĭng
↓
Darmstadti
Iridi ← Băh-gĭng → gĭng
ngôi-guăng
silvery white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóBăh-gĭng (platinum)·Pt·78
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆10·6·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông195.084(9)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Xe] 4f14 5d9 6s1
2, 8, 18, 32, 17, 1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
21.45 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤19.77 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng2041.4 K,1768.3 °C,3214.9 °F
bé-diēng4098 K,3825 °C,6917 °F
iòng iĕk22.17 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk510 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.86 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K2330(2550)2815314335564094
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3
((a mildly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.28 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1 : {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng139 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng136±5 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng175 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

face-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)105 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk71.6 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)8.8 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)2800 m·s−1
Young muò-liông168 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông61 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông230 GPa
Poisson bī0.38
Mohs ngâing-dô̤3.5
Vickers ngâing-dô400–550 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô300–500 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-06-4
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
190Pt0.014%6.5×1011 yα3.252186Os
192Pt0.782%>4.7×1016 y(α)2.4181188Os
193Ptsyn50 yε–193Ir
194Pt32.967%–(α)1.5045190Os
195Pt33.832%–(α)1.1581191Os
196Pt25.242%–(α)0.7942192Os
198Pt7.163%>3.2×1014 y(α)0.0870194Os
(β−β−)1.0472198Hg
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "263"^^ . "263"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Iōng   8O\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
-
↑
Iōng
↓
Liù-uòng
Dâng ← Iōng → Hók
ngôi-guăng
Ĭk-tái gì iōng-ké

Iōng gì nguòng-cṳ̄ guŏng-puō
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóIōng (oxygenium)·O·8
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k, iōng-cŭk nguòng-só
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆16·2·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông15.999(4)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[ He ] 2s2 2p4
2, 6

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngCarl Wilhelm Scheele(1772 nièng)
kī-miàngAntoine Lavoisier(1777 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táiké-tái
mĭk-dô̤(0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
1.429 g/L
bé-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤1.141 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng54.36 K,-218.79 °C,-361.82 °F
bé-diēng90.20 K,-182.95 °C,-297.31 °F
lìng-gái-diēng154.59 K, 5.043 MPa
iòng iĕk(O2) 0.444 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk(O2) 6.82 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng(O2)
29.378 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K   617390
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái2, 1, −1, −2
diêng-hô-séng3.44 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 1313.9 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 3388.3 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 5300.5 kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng66±2 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng152 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

gāng-dăng lĭk-huŏng

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳsóng-cṳ̀-séng
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk26.58x10-3  W·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(gas, 27 °C) 330 m·s−1
CAS hô̤7782-44-7
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
16O99.76%ūng-dêng, dái 8 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
17O0.039%ūng-dêng, dái 9 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
18O0.201%ūng-dêng, dái 10 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "354"^^ . "354"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n dâng   7N\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
dâng
↓
Lìng
táng ← dâng → iōng
ngôi-guăng
mò̤ ngàng-sáik gì ké-tā̤, ĭk-tā̤ hĕ̤k-ciā gó-tā̤

ĭk-tái gì dâng

dâng gì guŏng-puō-siáng (spectral lines)
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sódâng (nitrogenium)·N·7
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆15·2·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(14.00643–14.00728)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[He] 2s2 2p3
2, 5
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngDaniel Rutherford(1772 nièng)
kī-miàngJean-Antoine Chaptal(1790 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táiké-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
1.251 g/L
bé-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤0.808 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng63.15 K,−210.00 °C,−346.00 °F
bé-diēng77.355 K,−195.795 °C,−320.431 °F
săng-siông-diēng63.151 K(-210 °C), 12.52 kPa
lìng-gái-diēng126.192 K, 3.3958 MPa
iòng iĕk(N2) 0.72 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk(N2) 5.56 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng(N2) 29.124 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K374146536277
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3
((a strongly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng3.04 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng71±1 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng155 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk25.83×10−3 W·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók353 m·s−1
CAS hô̤7727-37-9
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
13Nsyn9.965 minε2.22013C
14N99.634%ūng-dêng, dái 7 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
15N0.366%ūng-dêng, dái 8 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Gĭng   79Au\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Ngṳ̀ng
↑
Gĭng
↓
Roentgeni
Băh-gĭng ← Gĭng → Cūi-ngṳ̀ng
ngôi-guăng
gĭng-sṳ̆k: gĭng-sáik

gĭng gì cĭng-tā̤
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóGĭng (aurum)·Au·79
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆11·6·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông196.966569(5)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Xe]4f145d106s1
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
19.30 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤17.31 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1337.33 K,1064.18 °C,1947.52 °F
bé-diēng3129 K,2856 °C,5173 °F
iòng iĕk12.55 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk324 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.418 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K164618142021228126203078
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái-1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
(lâng-séng iōng-huá-ŭk)
diêng-hô-séng2.54 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1 : 890.1 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 2: 1980 kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng144 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng136±6 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng166 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

miêng-sĭng lĭk-huŏng

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳkáung-cṳ̀-séng
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)22.14 n Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk318 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)14.2 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)2030 m·s−1
káung-lă giòng-dô̤120 MPa
Young muò-liông79 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông27 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông180 GPa
Poisson bī0.44
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.5
Vickers ngâing-dô216 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô25 HB MPa
CAS hô̤7440-57-5
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
195Auìng-cô̤186.10 nĭkε0.227195Pt
196Auìng-cô̤6.183 nĭkε1.506196Pt
β−0.686196Hg
197Au100%ūng-dêng, dái 118 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
198Auìng-cô̤2.69517 nĭkβ−1.372198Hg
199Auìng-cô̤3.169 nĭkβ−0.453199Hg
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Dè̤ng   29Cu\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
-
↑
Dè̤ng
↓
ngṳ̀ng
Niken ← Dè̤ng → ā-iòng
ngôi-guăng
è̤ng cèng-sáik, ô gĭng-sṳ̆k gì guŏng-dĕk

sùng gì dè̤ng
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóDè̤ng (cuprum)·Cu·29
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆11·4·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông63.546(3)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d10 4s1
2，8，18，1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
8.96 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤8.92 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1357.77 K,1084.62 °C,1984.32 °F
bé-diēng2835 K,2562 °C,4643 °F
iòng iĕk13.26 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk300.4 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.440 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K150916611850208924042834
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+1、+2、+3、+4
diêng-hô-séng1.90 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 745.5 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 1957.9 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 3555 kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng128 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng132±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng140 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

miêng-sĭng lĭk-huŏng cĭng-gák

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳkáung-cṳ̀-séng
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)1.678×10-8 Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk401 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)16.5 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)3810 m·s−1
Young muò-liông110－128 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông48 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông140 GPa
Poisson bī0.34
Mohs ngâing-dô̤3.0
Vickers ngâing-dô343–369 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô235–878 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-50-8，
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
63Cu69.15%ūng-dêng, dái 34 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
64Cuìng-cô̤12.700 dēng-cṳ̆ngε-64Ni
β--64Zn
65Cu30.85%ūng-dêng, dái 36 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
67Cuìng-cô̤61.83 dēng-cṳ̆ngβ--67Zn
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Táng   6C\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
-
↑
Táng
↓
Sĭk
Bèng ← Táng → Dâng
ngôi-guăng
táu-mìng (cōng), hĕ̤k-ciā ŭ-sáik (siŏh-mĕ̤k)


Táng gì guŏng-puō-siáng
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóTáng (Carbonium)·C·6
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆14·2·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông12.011(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[He] 2s2 2p2
2, 4

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
mò̤ diâng-hìng: 1.8–2.1 g·cm−3
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
cōng: 3.515 g·cm−3
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
siŏh-mĕ̤k: 2.267 g·cm−3
sĭng-huà-diēng3915 K,3642 °C,6588 °F
săng-siông-diēng4600 K(4327 °C), 10800 kPa
iòng iĕk117 (siŏh-mĕ̤k) kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng6.155 (cōng)
8.517 (siŏh-mĕ̤k) J·mol−1·K−1
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −3, −4
diêng-hô-séng2.55 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 1086.5 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 2352.6 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 4620.5 kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng77(sp³), 73(sp²), 69(sp) pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng170 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

cōng

\n

\n
(cōng, táu-mìng)

lĕ̤k-huŏng

\n

\n
(siŏh-mĕ̤k, ŭ-sáik)
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳhuāng-cṳ̀-séng
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk900-2300 (cōng)
119-165 (siŏh-mĕ̤k) W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)0.8 (cōng) µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)18350 (cōng) m·s−1
Young muò-liông1050 (cōng) GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông478 (cōng) GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông442 (cōng) GPa
Poisson bī0.1 (cōng)
Mohs ngâing-dô̤10 (cōng)
1-2 (graphite)
CAS hô̤7440-44-0
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
11Cìng-cô̤20 hŭng-cṳ̆ngβ+0.9611B
12C98.9%ūng-dêng, dái 6 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
13C1.1%ūng-dêng, dái 7 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
14Chèng-liông5730 nièngβ−0.15 014N
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n kĭng   1H\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
kĭng
↓
Liti
– ← kĭng → He­li
ngôi-guăng
mò̤-sáik ké-tā̤

dēng-liê-cṳ̄-tái â-dā̤ huák-chók gì ciē-guŏng

Kĭng gì nguòng-cṳ̄ guŏng-puō
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sókĭng (Hydrogenium)·H·1
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆1·1·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(1.00784–1.00811)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

1s1
1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngHenry Cavendish(1766 nièng)
kī-miàngAntoine Lavoisier(1783 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ngàng-sáikmò̤
ŭk-táiké-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
0.08988 g/L
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤0.07 g·cm−3
bé-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤0.07099 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng13.99 K,−259.16 °C,−434.49 °F
bé-diēng20.271 K,−252.879 °C,−423.182 °F
săng-siông-diēng13.8033 K(-259 °C), 7.041 kPa
lìng-gái-diēng32.938 K, 1.2858 MPa
iòng iĕk（H2）0.117 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk（H2）0.904 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng（H2）28.836 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K1520
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái−1, +1
(lâng-séng iōng-huá-ŭk)
diêng-hô-séng2.20 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèngdâ̤ 1: 1312.0 kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng31±5 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng120 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

lĕ̤k-huŏng-gĭng-hiê

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳkáung-cṳ̀-séng
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk0.1805 W·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók1310 m·s−1
CAS hô̤1333-74-0
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
1H99.9885%ūng-dêng, dái 0 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
2H0.0115%ūng-dêng, dái 1 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
3Hhèng-liông12.32 nièngβ−0.018613He
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "165"^^ . "165"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
標號英語閩東語
平話字漢字
1Inguāi我
2you (singular)nṳ̄汝
3heĭ伊
4wenē̤ng-gă儂家
5you (plural)nṳ̄-gáuk-nè̤ng汝各儂
6theyĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng伊各儂
7thiscuòi, cī ciáh嚽, 茲隻
8thathuòi, hī ciáh噲, 許隻
9herecŭ-uái, cŭ-nē̤, cī-dó̤i嚽塊, 〇〇, 茲塊
10therehŭ-uái, hŭ-nē̤, hṳ̄-dó̤i夫塊, 〇〇, 許塊
11whodiê-nè̤ng底儂
12whatsié-nó̤h什乇
13wherediê-nē̤, diê-uái底〇, 底塊
14whensié-nó̤h sì-hâiu
sié-nó̤h sèng-âu
mièng-âu		什乇時候
什乇辰候
乜候
15howciŏng蔣
16notng, ng-sê伓, 伓是
17allciòng-buô, sū-iū, ék-chiék全部, 所有, 一切
18manysâ̤価
19somenék-giāng, nék-dék仂囝, 仂滴
20fewciēu少
21othergì-tă其他
22onesiŏh, ék蜀, 一
23twolâng, nê兩, 二
24threesăng三
25foursé四
26fivengô, ngū五
27bigduâi大
28longdòng長
29widekuăng寬
30thickgâiu厚
31heavydâe̤ng重
32smallnâung嫩
33shortdōi短
34narrowcáh窄
35thinbŏk (nó̤h), sĕ̤ṳ (nè̤ng gâe̤ng dông-ŭk)薄 (乇), 𤸬 (儂共動物)
36womannṳ̄-gái女界
37man (adult male)nàng-gái男界
38man (human being)nè̤ng儂
39childniè-giāng伲囝
40wifelâu-mā老媽
41husbanddòng-buŏ唐餔
42mothernòng-nā̤娘奶
43fathernòng-bâ郎爸
44animaldông-ŭk動物
45fishngṳ̀魚
46birdcēu, cēu-giāng鳥, 鳥囝
47dogkēng, kēng-giāng犬, 犬囝
48lousesáik-mō̤虱母
49snakesiè, lâu-siè蛇, 老蛇
50wormtè̤ng, tè̤ng-giāng蟲, 蟲囝
"^^ . . . "172"^^ . "172"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
標號英語閩東語
平話字漢字
51treechéu樹
52forestsĕng-lìng森林
53stickchéu-ngâ̤樹椏
54fruitguō-sĭk果實
55seedcī-cī子子
56leafniŏh-niŏh箬箬
57rootgṳ̆ng-gṳ̆ng根根
58barkchéu-puòi樹皮
59flowerhuă花
60grasschāu, chō̤草
61ropesó̤h索
62skinpuòi-hŭ皮肤
63meatnṳ̆k肉
64bloodháik血
65bonegáuk-gáuk骨骨
66fat (n.)ciĕ-huòng脂肪
67egglâung卵
68horngáe̤k-gáe̤k角角
69tailmuōi-muōi尾尾
70featherṳ̄-mò̤羽毛
71hairtàu-huók頭髮
72headtàu頭
73earngê耳
74eyemĕ̤k-ciŭ, ngāng目睭, 眼
75nosepé鼻
76mouthchói喙
77toothngāi牙
78tonguechói-siĕk喙舌
79fingernailciēng-gák掌甲
80footkă骹
81legkă-tōi骹腿
82kneekă-kók-tàu骹屈頭
83handchiū手
84wingsĭk-sĭk, cēu-sĭk翼翼, 鳥翼
85bellybók-lō̤腹老
86gutsdiòng腸
87neckdâiu-gáuk脰骨
88backpiăng骿
89breastnĕng-nĕng
90heartsĭng-câung心臟
91livergăng-câung肝臟
92drinkchiók啜
93eatsiăh食
94bitekă̤, gâ(骨其), 咬
95suckngék, só̤h吸, 噈
96spitpuòi, tó啡, 吐
97vomité̤h哊
98blowchuŏi, bùng吹, 㖹
99breathehŭ-ngék呼吸
100laughchiéu笑
"^^ . . . "181"^^ . "181"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
標號英語閩東語
平話字漢字
101seeché̤ṳ, káng覷, 看
102heartiăng聽
103knowbáik仈, 八
104thinksiōng想
105smellbê齅
106feargiăng驚
107sleepkáung睏
108livediêu住
109diesī, guó-sié, táung-kuàng死, 過世, 褪環
110killtài刣
111fightpáh, siŏng-páh拍, 相拍
112hunttō̤討
113hitpáh, mó̤拍, 𢯾
114cutkāng, siók砍, 削
115splitbuŏng分
116stabgĭk, tóh, tŭh及, 𠟶, 𢬳
117scratchbà, uák扒, 挖
118diguă挖
119swimsiù泅
120fly (v.)buŏi飛
121walkgiàng行
122comelì來
123liedō̤倒
124sitsô̤i坐
125standkiê徛
126turndiōng, gāi-biéng, chiŏ-chiŏ, bà̤-lēng轉, 改變, 俥俥, 擺冷
127falldâung逿
128giveké̤ṳk乞
129holddò̤, niĕng掏, 拈
130squeezeniék攝
131rubmuài磨
132washsā̤洗
133wipechék拭
134pullkĕng, tăi, bĕk牽, 拖, 拔
135pushtiāng捵
136throwgĕ̤h〇
137tiebuŏh縛
138sewtiéng䋎
139countsáung, gié-sáung, só算, 計算, 數
140saygōng講
141singchióng唱
142playkáh-dièu客佻
143floatpù浮
144flowlàu流
145freezegiék-bĭng結冰
146swellcṳ̄ng腫
147sunnĭk-tàu, tái-iòng日頭, 太陽
148moonnguŏk, nguŏk-ciā月, 月姐
149starsĭng-sĭng星星
150watercūi水
"^^ . . . "191"^^ . "191"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
標號英語閩東語
平話字漢字
151rainṳ̄雨
152riverò̤河
153lakehù湖
154seahāi海
155saltsièng鹽
156stonesiŏh石
157sandsăi沙
158dustŭng-dìng塕塵
159earthtū-dê, tù土地, 涂
160cloudhùng雲
161fogô霧
162skytiĕng天
163windhŭng風
164snowsiók雪
165icebĭng冰
166smokeiĕng, hŏng煙, 熏
167firehuōi火
168ashesŭ灰
169burnsiĕu燒
170roaddiô, lô墿, 路
171mountainsăng山
172redè̤ng紅
173greenliŏh綠
174yellowuòng黃
175whitebăh白
176blackŭ烏
177nightmàng-buŏ暝晡
178daynĭk-dŏng (gâe̤ng màng-buŏ siŏng-dó̤i)日中 (共暝晡相對)
hô̤ (nĭk-gĭ)號 (日期)
nĭk, gĕ̤ng (sì-găng dăng-ôi)日，工 (時間單位)
179yearnièng年
180warmiĕk熱
181coldchéng凊
182fullmuāng滿
183newsĭng新
184oldgô舊
185goodhō̤好
186badngài呆
187rottenāng-bô飲腐
188dirtylă-că拉渣
189straightdĭk, dĭk-ciék直, 直接
190roundièng, kuàng圓, 環
191sharpciĕng尖
193smoothgŏk滑
194wetnóng, dièu-sék, lâng潤, 潮濕, 濫
195drydă焦
196correctciáng-káuk, mò̤ dâng正確, 無綻
197neargê̤ṳng, ciék-gê̤ṳng近, 接近
198farhuông遠
199rightiêu右
200leftcō̤左
201atgăk, diŏh敆, 著
202indiē-sié裡勢
203withgâe̤ng共
204andgâe̤ng共
205ifnâ sê, ṳ̀-guō儷是, 如果
206becauseĭng-ôi因為
207namemiàng-cê名字
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "324"^^ . "324"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
biĕu-hô̤Ĭng-ngṳ̄Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cê
1Inguāi我
2you (singular)nṳ̄汝
3heĭ伊
4wenē̤ng-gă儂家
5you (plural)nṳ̄-gáuk-nè̤ng汝各儂
6theyĭ-gáuk-nè̤ng伊各儂
7thiscuòi, cī ciáh嚽, 茲隻
8thathuòi, hī ciáh噲, 許隻
9herecŭ-uái, cŭ-nē̤, cī-dó̤i嚽塊, 〇〇, 茲塊
10therehŭ-uái, hŭ-nē̤, hṳ̄-dó̤i夫塊, 〇〇, 許塊
11whodiê-nè̤ng底儂
12whatsié-nó̤h什乇
13wherediê-nē̤, diê-uái底〇, 底塊
14whensié-nó̤h sì-hâiu
sié-nó̤h sèng-âu
mièng-âu		什乇時候
什乇辰候
乜乇辰候
15howciŏng蔣
16notng, ng-sê伓, 伓是
17allciòng-buô, sū-iū, ék-chiék全部, 所有, 一切
18manysâ̤価
19somenék-giāng, nék-dék仂囝, 仂滴
20fewciēu少
21othergì-tă其他
22onesiŏh, ék蜀, 一
23twolâng, nê兩, 二
24threesăng三
25foursé, sé̤ṳ四
26fivengô, ngū五
27bigduâi大
28longdòng長
29widekuăng寬
30thickgâu厚
31heavydâe̤ng重
32smallnâung嫩
33shortdōi短
34narrowcáh窄
35thinbŏ̤h (nó̤h), sĕ̤ṳ (nè̤ng gâe̤ng dông-ŭk)薄 (乇), 𤸬 (儂共動物)
36womannṳ̄-gái女界
37man (adult male)nàng-gái男界
38man (human being)nè̤ng儂
39childniè-giāng伲囝
40wifelâu-mā老媽
41husbanddòng-buŏ唐餔
42mothernòng-nā̤娘奶
43fathernòng-bâ郎爸
44animaldông-ŭk動物
45fishngṳ̀魚
46birdcēu, cēu-giāng鳥, 鳥囝
47dogkēng, kēng-giāng犬, 犬囝
48lousesáik-mō̤虱母
49snakesiè, lâu-siè蛇, 老蛇
50wormtè̤ng, tè̤ng-giāng蟲, 蟲囝
"^^ . . . "335"^^ . "335"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
biĕu-hô̤Ĭng-ngṳ̄Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cê
51treechéu樹
52forestsĕng-lìng森林
53stickchéu-ngâ̤樹椏
54fruitguō-sĭk果實
55seedcī-cī子子
56leafniŏh-niŏh箬箬
57rootgṳ̆ng-gṳ̆ng根根
58barkchéu-puòi樹皮
59flowerhuă花
60grasschāu, chō̤草
61ropesó̤h索
62skinpuòi-hŭ皮肤
63meatnṳ̆k肉
64bloodháik血
65bonegáuk-gáuk骨骨
66fat (n.)ciĕ-huòng脂肪
67egglâung卵
68horngáe̤k-gáe̤k角角
69tailmuōi-muōi尾尾
70featherṳ̄-mò̤羽毛
71hairtàu-huók頭髮
72headtàu頭
73earngê耳
74eyemĕ̤k-ciŭ, ngāng目睭, 眼
75nosepé鼻
76mouthchói喙
77toothngāi牙
78tonguechói-siĕk喙舌
79fingernailciēng-gák掌甲
80footkă骹
81legkă-tōi骹腿
82kneekă-kók-tàu骹屈頭
83handchiū手
84wingsĭk-sĭk, cēu-sĭk翼翼, 鳥翼
85bellybók-lō̤腹老
86gutsdiòng腸
87neckdâiu-gáuk脰骨
88backpiăng骿
89breastnĕng-nĕng
90heartsĭng-câung心臟
91livergăng-câung肝臟
92drinkchiók啜
93eatsiăh食
94bitekă̤, gâ(骨其), 咬
95suckngék, só̤h吸, 噈
96spitpuòi, tó啡, 吐
97vomité̤h哊
98blowchuŏi, bùng吹, 㖹
99breathehù-ngék呼吸
100laughchiéu笑
"^^ . . . "348"^^ . "348"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
biĕu-hô̤Ĭng-ngṳ̄Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cê
101seeché̤ṳ, káng覷, 看
102heartiăng聽
103knowbáik仈, 八
104thinksiōng想
105smellbê齅
106feargiăng驚
107sleepkáung睏
108livediêu住
109diesī, guó-sié, táung-kuàng死, 過世, 褪環
110killtài刣
111fightpáh, siŏng-páh拍, 相拍
112hunttō̤討
113hitpáh, mó̤拍, 𢯾
114cutkāng, siók砍, 削
115splitbuŏng分
116stabgĭk, tóh, tŭh及, 𠟶, 𢬳
117scratchbà, uák扒, 挖
118diguă挖
119swimsiù泅
120fly (v.)buŏi飛
121walkgiàng行
122comelì來
123liedō̤倒
124sitsô̤i坐
125standkiê徛
126turndiōng, gāi-biéng, chiŏ-chiŏ, bà̤-lēng轉, 改變, 俥俥, 擺冷
127falldâung逿
128giveké̤ṳk乞
129holddò̤, niĕng掏, 拈
130squeezeniék攝
131rubmuài磨
132washsā̤洗
133wipechék拭
134pullkĕng, tăi, bĕk牽, 拖, 拔
135pushtiāng捵
136throwgĕ̤h〇
137tiebuŏh縛
138sewtiéng䋎
139countsáung, gié-sáung, só算, 計算, 數
140saygōng講
141singchióng唱
142playkáh-dièu客佻
143floatpù浮
144flowlàu流
145freezegiék-bĭng結冰
146swellcṳ̄ng腫
147sunnĭk-tàu, tái-iòng日頭, 太陽
148moonnguŏk, nguŏk-ciā月, 月姐
149starsĭng-sĭng星星
150watercūi水
"^^ . . . "362"^^ . "362"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
biĕu-hô̤Ĭng-ngṳ̄Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cê
151rainṳ̄雨
152riverò̤河
153lakehù湖
154seahāi海
155saltsièng鹽
156stonesiŏh石
157sandsăi沙
158dustŭng-dìng塕塵
159earthtū-dê, tù土地, 涂
160cloudhùng雲
161fogô霧
162skytiĕng天
163windhŭng風
164snowsiók雪
165icebĭng冰
166smokeiĕng, hŏng煙, 熏
167firehuōi火
168ashesŭ灰
169burnsiĕu燒
170roaddiô, lô墿, 路
171mountainsăng山
172redè̤ng紅
173greenliŏh綠
174yellowuòng黃
175whitebăh白
176blackŭ烏
177nightmàng-buŏ暝晡
178daynĭk-dŏng (gâe̤ng màng-buŏ siŏng-dó̤i), hô̤ (nĭk-gĭ), nĭk (sì-găng dăng-ôi)日中 (共暝晡相對), 號 (日期), 日 (時間單位)
179yearnièng年
180warmiĕk熱
181coldchéng凊
182fullmuāng滿
183newsĭng新
184oldgô舊
185goodhō̤好
186badngài呆
187rottenāng-bô飲腐
188dirtylă-că拉渣
189straightdĭk, dĭk-ciék直, 直接
190roundièng, kuàng圓, 環
191sharpciĕng尖
192dulldŏng鈍
193smoothgŏk滑
194wetnóng, dièu-sék, lâng潤, 潮濕, 濫
195drydă焦
196correctciáng-káuk, mò̤ dâng正確, 無綻
197neargê̤ṳng, ciék-gê̤ṳng近, 接近
198farhuông遠
199rightêu右
200leftcō̤左
201atgăk, diŏh敆, 著
202indiē-sié裡勢
203withgâe̤ng共
204andgâe̤ng共
205ifnâ sê, ṳ̀-guō儷是, 如果
206becauseĭng-ôi因為
207namemiàng-cê名字
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niék-sé cáik-ké\n
  Cô̤-biĕu-hiê    Cáik-ké    Lĭk
  Chŭng
  315°  Lĭk-chŭng    2 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  330°  Ṳ̄-cūi  2 nguŏk 18 hô̤ gáu 19 hô̤
  345°  Gĭng-dĭk    3 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  0°  Chŭng-hŭng  3 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  15°  Chĭng-mìng    4 nguŏk 4 hô̤ gáu 5 hô̤
  30°  Gók-ṳ̄  4 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
  Hâ
  45°  Lĭk-hâ    5 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  60°  Siēu-muāng  5 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  75°  Mòng-cṳ̄ng    6 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  90°  Hâ-cé  6 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  105°  Siēu-sṳ̄    7 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  120°  Duâi-sṳ̄  7 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  Chiŭ
  135°  Lĭk-chiŭ    8 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  150°  Chṳ̄-sṳ̄  8 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  165°  Băh-ló    9 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  180°  Chiŭ-hŭng  9 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  195°  Hàng-ló    10 nguŏk 8 hô̤ gáu 9 hô̤
  210°  Sŏng-gáung    10 nguŏk 23 hô̤ gáu 24 hô̤
  Dĕ̤ng
  225°  Lĭk-dĕ̤ng    11 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  240°  Siēu-siók  11 nguŏk 22 hô̤ gáu 23 hô̤
  255°  Duâi-siók    12 nguŏk 7 hô̤ gáu 8 hô̤
  270°  Dĕ̤ng-cé  12 nguŏk 21 hô̤ gáu 22 hô̤
  285°  Siēu-hàng    1 nguŏk 5 hô̤ gáu 6 hô̤
  300°  Duâi-hàng  1 nguŏk 20 hô̤ gáu 21 hô̤
"^^ . . . "459"^^ . "459"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Dṳ̆ng-guók lĭk-sṳ̄
Sṳ̄-sèng | Hâ | Siŏng | Ciŭ (Să̤-ciŭ, Dĕ̤ng-ciŭ, Chŭng-chiŭ, Ciéng-guók) | Cìng | Háng (Să̤-háng, Sĭng, Dĕ̤ng-háng) | Săng-guók (Cò̤-ngôi, Sṳ̆k-háng, Dĕ̤ng-ngù) | Céng (Să̤-céng, Dĕ̤ng-céng) | Ngū-hù Sĕk-lĕ̤k-guók (Sìng-háng, Sèng-diêu, Hâiu-diêu, Sèng-liòng, Sèng-iĕng, Sèng-cìng, Hâiu-iĕng, Hâiu-cìng, Să̤-cìng, Hâiu-liòng, Nàng-liòng, Să̤-liòng, Báe̤k-liòng, Nàng-iĕng, Báe̤k-iĕng, Hâ) | Nàng-báe̤k-dièu (Nàng-dièu: Làu-sóng, Nàng-cà̤, Nàng-liòng, Nàng-dìng; Báe̤k-dièu: Báe̤k-ngôi, Să̤-ngôi, Dĕ̤ng-ngôi, Báe̤k-ciŭ, Báe̤k-cà̤) | Sùi | Dòng | Ngū-dâi Sĕk-guók (Ngū-dâi: Hâiu-liòng, Hâiu-dòng, Hâiu-céng, Hâiu-háng, Hâiu-ciŭ; Sĕk-guók: Ngù-uŏk, Mìng, Gĭng-nàng, Mā-chū, Iòng-ngù, Nàng-dòng, Nàng-háng, Báe̤k-háng, Sèng-sṳ̆k, Hâiu-sṳ̆k) | Sóng (Báe̤k-sóng, Nàng-sóng) | Lièu | Gĭng | Să̤-hâ | Nguòng | Mìng (Nàng-mìng) | Chĭng | Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók | Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók
"^^ . . . "627"^^ . "627"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n hô-lièng-uōng\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Molypden   42Mo\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Crom
↑
Molypden
↓
wolfram
Niobi ← Molypden → Tecneti
ngôi-guăng
gray metallic
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóMolypden (molybdenum)·Mo·42
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆6·5·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông95.95(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 4d5 5s1
2, 8, 18, 13, 1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngCarl Wilhelm Scheele(1778 nièng)
hŭng-liêPeter Jacob Hjelm(1781 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
10.28 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤9.33 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng2896 K,2623 °C,4753 °F
bé-diēng4912 K,4639 °C,8382 °F
iòng iĕk37.48 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk598 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.06 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K274229943312370742124879
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4
((a strongly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.16 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng139 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng154±5 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)53.4 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk138 W·m−1·K−1
iĕk guóh-sáng hiê-só(300 K)54.3 mm2/s
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)4.8 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)5400 m·s−1
Young muò-liông329 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông126 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông230 GPa
Poisson bī0.31
Mohs ngâing-dô̤5.5
Vickers ngâing-dô1400–2740 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô1370–2500 MPa
CAS hô̤7439-98-7
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
92Mo14.84%>1.9×1020 y(β+β+)1.649192Zr
93Mosyn4×103 yε–93Nb
94Mo9.25%–(SF)<4.485
95Mo15.92%–(SF)<4.531
96Mo16.68%–(SF)<5.771
97Mo9.55%–(SF)<6.226
98Mo24.13%>1×1014 y(β−β−)0.112598Ru
99Mosyn65.94 hβ−0.436, 1.21499mTc
γ0.74, 0.36,
0.14		–
100Mo9.63%7.8×1018 yβ−β−3.04100Ru
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Magne   12Mg\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Berili
↑
Magne
↓
Cal­ci
Natri ← Magne → Lé̤ṳ
ngôi-guăng
shiny grey solid


Spectral lines of magnesium
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóMagne (magnesium)·Mg·12
nguòng-só lôi-biékgiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆2·3·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(24.304–24.307)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ne] 3s2
2, 8, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngJoseph Black(1755 nièng)
hŭng-liêHumphry Davy(1808 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
1.738 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤1.584 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng923 K,650 °C,1202 °F
bé-diēng1363 K,1091 °C,1994 °F
iòng iĕk8.48 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk128 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.869 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K70177386197111321361
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+2, +1
((a strongly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.31 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng160 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng141±7 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng173 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)43.9 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk156 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)24.8 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)4940 m·s−1
Young muò-liông45 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông17 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông45 GPa
Poisson bī0.290
Mohs ngâing-dô̤1–2.5
Brinell ngâing-dô44–260 MPa
CAS hô̤7439-95-4
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
24Mg78.99%ūng-dêng, dái 12 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
25Mg10.00%ūng-dêng, dái 13 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
26Mg11.01%ūng-dêng, dái 14 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n sĭk   14Si\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
táng
↑
sĭk
↓
Gecmani
lé̤ṳ ← sĭk → lìng
ngôi-guăng
crystalline, reflective with bluish-tinged faces


Spectral lines of silicon
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sósĭk (silicium)·Si·14
nguòng-só lôi-biéklôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆14·3·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(28.084–28.086)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ne] 3s2 3p2
2, 8, 4

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ê̤ṳ-cháikAntoine Lavoisier(1787 nièng)
kī-miàngThomas Thomson(1817 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
2.3290 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤2.57 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1687 K,1414 °C,2577 °F
bé-diēng3538 K,3265 °C,5909 °F
iòng iĕk50.21 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk383 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng19.789 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K190821022339263630213537
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái4, 3, 2, 1 −1, −2, −3, −4
((an amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.90 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng111 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng111 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng210 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

diamond cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)2.3×103 Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk149 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)2.6 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)8433 m·s−1
Young muò-liông130–188 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông51–80 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông97.6 GPa
Poisson bī0.064–0.28
Mohs ngâing-dô̤7
CAS hô̤7440-21-3
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
28Si92.23%ūng-dêng, dái 14 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
29Si4.67%ūng-dêng, dái 15 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
30Si3.1%ūng-dêng, dái 16 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
32Sitrace153 yβ−13.02032P
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Buô-ṳ̄ dông-ŭk
Gáuk cṳ̄ng buô-ṳ̄ dông-ŭk
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
ā-muòng:Vertebrata
gŏng:Mammalia
Linnaeus, 1758
Ā-gŏng
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Telua   52Te\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Selen
↑
Telua
↓
Poloni
Antimon ← Telua → Diēng
ngôi-guăng
silvery lustrous gray (crystalline),
brown-black powder (amorphous)
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóTelua (tellurium)·Te·52
nguòng-só lôi-biéklôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆16·5·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông127.60(3)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p4
2, 8, 18, 18, 6

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngFranz-Joseph Müller von Reichenstein(1782 nièng)
hŭng-liêMartin Heinrich Klaproth
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
6.24 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤5.70 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng722.66 K,449.51 °C,841.12 °F
bé-diēng1261 K,988 °C,1810 °F
iòng iĕk17.49 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk114.1 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.73 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K (775)(888)10421266
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2
((a mildly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.1 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng140 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng138±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng206 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk1.97–3.38 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só18 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)2610 m·s−1
Young muò-liông43 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông16 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông65 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.25
Brinell ngâing-dô180–270 MPa
CAS hô̤13494-80-9
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
120Te0.09%>2.2×1016 y(β+β+)1.701120Sn
121Tesyn16.78 dε1.040121Sb
122Te2.55%–(SF)<30.974
123Te0.89%>9.2×1016 y(ε)0.051123Sb
124Te4.74%–(SF)<28.221
125Te7.07%–(SF)<26.966
126Te18.84%–(SF)<26.011
127Tesyn9.35 hβ−0.698127I
128Te31.74%2.2×1024 yβ−β−0.867128Xe
129Tesyn69.6 minβ−1.498129I
130Te34.08%7.9×1020 yβ−β−2.528130Xe
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
上古漢語


\n
\n 金文\n
國家 / 地區中國
講其人口—
系屬\n
\n 漢藏語系\n
    \n
  • 漢語族\n
      \n
    • 上古漢語
      • \n
    • \n
\n
文字甲骨文、金文、篆體字
語言代碼
ISO 639-3och
Linguist Listoch
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n diēng   53I\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
chéu
↑
diēng
↓
Astatin
Telua ← diēng → xenon
ngôi-guăng
lustrous metallic gray, violet as a gas
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sódiēng (iodum)·I·53
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆17·5·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông126.90447(3)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
2, 8, 18, 18, 7

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
4.933 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng386.85 K,113.7 °C,236.66 °F
bé-diēng457.4 K,184.3 °C,363.7 °F
săng-siông-diēng386.65 K(113 °C), 12.1 kPa
lìng-gái-diēng819 K, 11.7 MPa
iòng iĕk(I2) 15.52 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk(I2) 41.57 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng(I2) 54.44 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák((rhombic))

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K260282309342381457
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 1, −1
((a strongly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.66 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng140 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng139±3 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng198 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

orthorhombic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(0 °C)1.3×107 Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk0.449 W·m−1·K−1
tā̤-cék muò-liông7.7 GPa
CAS hô̤7553-56-2
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
123Isyn13 hε, γ0.16123Te
124Isyn4.176 dε–124Te
125Isyn59.40 dε–125Te
127I100%–(SF)<29.961
129Itrace1.57×107 yβ−0.194129Xe
131Isyn8.02070 dβ−, γ0.971131Xe
135Isyn6.57 hβ−–135Xe
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "214"^^ . "214"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n krypton   36Kr\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
argon
↑
krypton
↓
Xenon
Chéu ← krypton → Rubidi
ngôi-guăng
colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in a high electric field

A krypton-filled discharge tube glowing white

Spectral lines of krypton
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sókrypton (krypton)·Kr·36
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-iū ké-tā̤
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆18·4·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông83.798(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p6
2, 8, 18, 8

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táiké-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
3.749 g/L
bé-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤2.413 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng115.78 K,−157.37 °C,−251.27 °F
bé-diēng119.93 K,−153.415 °C,−244.147 °F
săng-siông-diēng115.775 K(-157 °C), 73.53 kPa
lìng-gái-diēng209.48 K, 5.525 MPa
iòng iĕk1.64 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk9.08 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng20.95 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K5965748499120
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái2, 1, 0
((rarely more than 0; unknown oxide))
diêng-hô-séng3.00 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng116±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng202 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

face-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk9.43×10−3  W·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(gas, 23 °C) 220 m·s−1
(liquid) 1120 m·s−1
CAS hô̤7439-90-9
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
78Kr0.35%>1.1×1020 y(β+β+)2.84678Se
79Krsyn35.04 hε–79Br
β+0.60479Br
γ0.26, 0.39, 0.60–
80Kr2.25%ūng-dêng, dái 44 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
81Krtrace2.29×105 yε–81Br
γ0.281–
82Kr11.6%ūng-dêng, dái 46 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
83Kr11.5%ūng-dêng, dái 47 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
84Kr57.0%ūng-dêng, dái 48 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
85Krsyn10.756 yβ−0.68785Rb
86Kr17.3%–(β−β−)1.255686Sr
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Sele­n   34Se\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Liù-uòng
↑
Sele­n
↓
Telua
Piĕ ← Sele­n → Chéu
ngôi-guăng
black, red, and gray (not pictured) allotropes
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóSele­n (selenium)·Se·34
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k
sometimes considered a metalloid
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆16·4·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông78.971(8)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p4
2, 8, 18, 6

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
gray: 4.81 g·cm−3
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
alpha: 4.39 g·cm−3
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
vitreous: 4.28 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤3.99 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng494 K,221 °C,430 °F
bé-diēng958 K,685 °C,1265 °F
lìng-gái-diēng1766 K, 27.2 MPa
iòng iĕkgray: 6.69 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk95.48 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.363 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K500552617704813958
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2
((a strongly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.55 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng120 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng120±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng190 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
iĕk-dô̤-lŭkamorphous: 0.519 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)amorphous: 37 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)3350 m·s−1
Young muò-liông10 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông3.7 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông8.3 GPa
Poisson bī0.33
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.0
Brinell ngâing-dô736 MPa
CAS hô̤7782-49-2
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
72Sesyn8.4 dε–72As
γ0.046–
74Se0.87%–(β+β+)1.209474Ge
75Sesyn119.779 dε–75As
γ0.264, 0.136,
0.279		–
76Se9.36%ūng-dêng, dái 42 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
77Se7.63%ūng-dêng, dái 43 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
78Se23.78%ūng-dêng, dái 44 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
79Setrace3.27×105 yβ−0.15179Br
80Se49.61%–(β−β−)0.133980Kr
82Se8.73%1.08×1020 yβ−β−2.99582Kr
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Niken   28Ni\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Niken
↓
Paladi
coban ← Niken → dè̤ng
ngôi-guăng
lustrous, metallic, and silver with a gold tinge
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóNiken (niccolum)·Ni·28
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆10·4·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông58.6934(4)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Ar] 3d8 4s2 or
[Ar] 3d9 4s1
2, 8, 16, 2 or 2, 8, 17, 1
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
8.908 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤7.81 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1728 K,1455 °C,2651 °F
bé-diēng3003 K,2730 °C,4946 °F
iòng iĕk17.48 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk379 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng26.07 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K178319502154241027413184
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2
((a mildly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.91 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng124 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng124±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng163 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

face-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳferromagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)69.3 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk90.9 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)13.4 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)4900 m·s−1
Young muò-liông200 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông76 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông180 GPa
Poisson bī0.31
Mohs ngâing-dô̤4.0
Vickers ngâing-dô638 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô667–1600 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-02-0
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
58Ni68.077%>7×1020 y(β+β+)1.925858Fe
59Nitrace7.6×104 yε–59Co
60Ni26.223%ūng-dêng, dái 32 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
61Ni1.14%ūng-dêng, dái 33 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
62Ni3.634%ūng-dêng, dái 34 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
63Nisyn100.1 yβ−0.066963Cu
64Ni0.926%ūng-dêng, dái 36 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Ā-iòng   30Zn\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
-
↑
Ā-iòng
↓
Cadimi
Dè̤ng ← Ā-iòng → Galli
ngôi-guăng
ngṳ̀ng-hŭi-sáik
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóĀ-iòng (zincum)·Zn·30
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
hĕ̤k-ciā bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆12·4·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông65.38(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Argon] 3d10 4s2
2, 8, 18, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
7.14 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤6.57 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng692.68 K,419.53 °C,787.15 °F
bé-diēng1180 K,907 °C,1665 °F
iòng iĕk7.32 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk123.6 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.470 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K6106707508529901179
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+2, +1, 0
(lâng-séng iōng-huá-ŭk)
diêng-hô-séng1.65 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 906.4 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 1733.3 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 3833 kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng134 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng122±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng139 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

lĕ̤k-huŏng mĭk-bà̤ cĭng-gák

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳkáung-cṳ̀-séng
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)59.0 n Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk116 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)30.2 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)3850 m·s−1
Young muò-liông108 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông43 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông70 GPa
Poisson bī0.25
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.5
Brinell ngâing-dô412 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-66-6
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
64Zn48.6%>2.3×1018 nièngβ+β+1.09664Ni
65Znìng-cô̤243.8 nĭkε1.351965Cu
γ1.1155-
66Zn27.9%ūng-dêng, dái 36 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
67Zn4.1%ūng-dêng, dái 37 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
68Zn18.8%ūng-dêng, dái 38 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
69Znìng-cô̤56 hŭng-cṳ̆ngβ−0.90669Ga
69mZnìng-cô̤13.76 dēng-cṳ̆ngβ−0.90669Ga
70Zn0.6%>1.3×1016 nièngβ−β−0.99870Ge
71Znìng-cô̤2.4 hŭng-cṳ̆ngβ−2.8271Ga
71mZnìng-cô̤3.97 nĭkβ−2.8271Ga
72Znìng-cô̤46.5 dēng-cṳ̆ngβ−0.45872Ga
"^^ . . . "251"^^ . "251"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Cal­ci   20Ca\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Magne
↑
Cal­ci
↓
Stronti
Kali ← Cal­ci → Scandi
ngôi-guăng
dull gray, silver; with a pale yellow tint


Spectral lines of calcium
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóCal­ci (calcium)·Ca·20
nguòng-só lôi-biékgiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆2·4·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông40.078(4)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 4s2
2, 8, 8, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
1.55 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤1.378 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1115 K,842 °C,1548 °F
bé-diēng1757 K,1484 °C,2703 °F
iòng iĕk8.54 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk154.7 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.929 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K8649561071122714431755
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+2, +1, −1
((a strongly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.00 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng197 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng176±10 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng231 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

face-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)33.6 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk201 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)22.3 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)3810 m·s−1
Young muò-liông20 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông7.4 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông17 GPa
Poisson bī0.31
Mohs ngâing-dô̤1.75
Brinell ngâing-dô170–416 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-70-2
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
40Ca96.941%>5.9×1021 y(β+β+)0.19440Ar
41Catrace1.03×105 yε–41K
42Ca0.647%ūng-dêng, dái 22 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
43Ca0.135%ūng-dêng, dái 23 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
44Ca2.086%ūng-dêng, dái 24 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
45Casyn162.7 dβ−0.25845Sc
46Ca0.004%>8.8×1022 y(β−β−)0.98846Ti
47Casyn4.536 dβ−0.694, 1.9947Sc
γ1.297–
48Ca0.187%4.3×1019 yβ−β−4.27448Ti
(β−)0.005848Sc
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n wolfram   74W\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Molypden
↑
wolfram
↓
Seaborgi
Tantan ← wolfram → Rheni
ngôi-guăng
grayish white, lustrous
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sówolfram (wolfram)·W·74
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆6·6·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông183.84(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Xe] 4f14 5d4 6s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngCarl Wilhelm Scheele(1781 nièng)
hŭng-liêJuan José Elhuyar and Fausto Elhuyar(1783 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
19.25 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤17.6 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng3695 K,3422 °C,6192 °F
bé-diēng6203 K,5930 °C,10,706 °F
iòng iĕk35.3 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk774 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.27 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K347737734137457951275823
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4
((a mildly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.36 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1 : {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng139 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng162±7 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)52.8 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk173 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)4.5 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)4620 m·s−1
Young muò-liông411 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông161 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông310 GPa
Poisson bī0.28
Mohs ngâing-dô̤7.5
Vickers ngâing-dô3430–4600 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô2000–4000 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-33-7
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
180W0.12%1.8×1018 yα2.516176Hf
181Wsyn121.2 dε0.188181Ta
182W26.50%>1.7×1020 y(α)1.772178Hf
183W14.31%>8×1019 y(α)1.680179Hf
184W30.64%>1.8×1020 y(α)1.123180Hf
185Wsyn75.1 dβ−0.433185Re
186W28.43%>4.1×1018 y(α)1.656182Hf
(β−β−)–186Os
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Crom   24Cr\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Crom
↓
Molypden
Vanadi ← Crom → Mangan
ngôi-guăng
chiông ngṳ̀ng
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóCrom (Chromium)·Cr·24
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆6·4·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông51.9961(6)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Ar] 3d5 4s1
2, 8, 13, 1
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
7.19 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤6.3 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng2180 K,1907 °C,3465 °F
bé-diēng2944 K,2671 °C,4840 °F
iòng iĕk21.0 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk347 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng23.35 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K165618071991222325302942
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −4
((depending on the oxidation state, an acidic, basic, or amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.66 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng128 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng139±5 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳantiferromagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)125 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk93.9 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)4.9 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)5940 m·s−1
Young muò-liông279 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông115 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông160 GPa
Poisson bī0.21
Vickers ngâing-dô1060 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô687–6500 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-47-3
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
50Cr4.345%>1.3×1018 y(β+β+)1.16750Ti
51Crsyn27.7025 dε–51V
γ0.320–
52Cr83.789%ūng-dêng, dái 28 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
53Cr9.501%ūng-dêng, dái 29 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
54Cr2.365%ūng-dêng, dái 30 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Piĕ   33As\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
lìng
↑
Piĕ
↓
Antimon
Gecmani ← Piĕ → Sele­n
ngôi-guăng
metallic grey
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóPiĕ (arsenicum)·As·33
nguòng-só lôi-biéklôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆15·4·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông74.921595(6)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p3
2, 8, 18, 5

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
hŭng-liêAlbertus Magnus(1250 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
5.727 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤5.22 g·cm−3
sĭng-huà-diēng887 K,615 °C,1137 °F
săng-siông-diēng1090 K(817 °C), 3628 kPa
lìng-gái-diēng1673 K, ? MPa
iòng iĕkgrey: 24.44 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk34.76 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.64 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K553596646706781874
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3
((a mildly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.18 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng119 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng119±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng185 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

rhombohedral

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)333 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk50.2 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só5.6 µm/(m·K)
Young muò-liông8 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông22 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤3.5
Brinell ngâing-dô1440 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-38-2
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
73Assyn80.3 dε–73Ge
γ0.05D, 0.01D, e–

模板:Infobox element/isotopes decay4

75As100%ūng-dêng, dái 42 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n berili   4Be\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
berili
↓
Magne
Liti ← berili → Bèng
ngôi-guăng
white-gray metallic
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóberili (beryllium)·Be·4
nguòng-só lôi-biékgiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆2·2·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông9.0121831(5)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[He] 2s2
2, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngLouis Nicolas Vauquelin(1797 nièng)
hŭng-liêFriedrich Wöhler & Antoine Bussy(1828 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
1.85 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤1.690 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1560 K,1287 °C,2349 °F
bé-diēng2742 K,2469 °C,4476 °F
iòng iĕk12.2 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk292 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng16.443 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K146216081791202323272742
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+2, +1
((an amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.57 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng112 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng96±3 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng153 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)36 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk200 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)11.3 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)12,890 m·s−1
Young muò-liông287 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông132 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông130 GPa
Poisson bī0.032
Mohs ngâing-dô̤5.5
Vickers ngâing-dô1670 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô590–1320 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-41-7
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
7Betrace53.12 dε0.8627Li
γ0.477–
9Be100%ūng-dêng, dái 5 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
10Betrace1.36×106 yβ−0.55610B
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n liti   3Li\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
kĭng
↑
liti
↓
Natri
Heli ← liti → Berili
ngôi-guăng
silvery-white

Lithium floating in oil

Spectral lines of lithium
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóliti (lithium)·Li·3
nguòng-só lôi-biékgiĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆1·2·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(6.938–6.997)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[He] 2s1
2, 1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngJohan August Arfwedson(1817 nièng)
hŭng-liêWilliam Thomas Brande(1821 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
0.534 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤0.512 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng453.65 K,180.50 °C,356.90 °F
bé-diēng1603 K,1330 °C,2426 °F
lìng-gái-diēng3220 K, 67 MPa
iòng iĕk3.00 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk136 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.860 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K797885995114413371610
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+1
((a strongly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng0.98 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng152 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng128±7 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng182 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)92.8 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk84.8 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)46 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)6000 m·s−1
Young muò-liông4.9 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông4.2 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông11 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤0.6
Brinell ngâing-dô5 MPa
CAS hô̤7439-93-2
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
6Li7.5%ūng-dêng, dái 3 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
7Li92.5%ūng-dêng, dái 4 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
6Li content may be as low as 3.75% in
natural samples. 7Li would therefore
have a content of up to 96.25%.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Hók   9F\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Hók
↓
Lṳ̆k
Iōng ← Hók → Ne
ngôi-guăng
gas: very pale yellow
liquid: bright yellow
solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent

Liquid fluorine at cryogenic temperatures
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóHók (fluorum)·F·9
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆17·2·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông18.998403163(6)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[He] 2s2 2p5
2, 7

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngAndré-Marie Ampère(1810 nièng)
hŭng-liêHenri Moissan(June 26, 1886 nièng)
kī-miàngHumphry Davy
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táiké-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
1.696 g/L
bé-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤1.505 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng53.48 K,−219.67 °C,−363.41 °F
bé-diēng85.03 K,−188.11 °C,−306.60 °F
săng-siông-diēng53.48 K(-220 °C), 90 kPa
lìng-gái-diēng144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa
ké-huá iĕk6.51 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ngCp: 31 J·mol−1·K−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ngCv: 23 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K384450586985
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái−1
((oxidizes oxygen))
diêng-hô-séng3.98 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng64 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng135 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic (−1.2×10−4)
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk0.02591 W·m−1·K−1
CAS hô̤7782-41-4
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
18Ftrace109.77 minβ+ (96.9%)0.63418O
ε (3.1%)1.65618O
19F100%ūng-dêng, dái 10 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Coban   27Co\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Coban
↓
Rhodi
tiék ← Coban → Niken
ngôi-guăng
hard lustrous gray metal

electrolytically refined cobalt chips
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóCoban (Cobaltum)·Co·27
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆9·4·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông58.933194(4)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d7 4s2
2, 8, 15, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngGeorg Brandt(1732 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ngàng-sáikmetallic gray
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
8.90 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤8.86 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1768 K,1495 °C,2723 °F
bé-diēng3200 K,2927 °C,5301 °F
iòng iĕk16.06 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk377 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.81 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K179019602165242327553198
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái−3, −1, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5
((an amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.88 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng125 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géngLow spin: 126±3 pm
High spin: 150±7 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳferromagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)62.4 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk100 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)13.0 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)4720 m·s−1
Young muò-liông209 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông75 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông180 GPa
Poisson bī0.31
Mohs ngâing-dô̤5.0
Vickers ngâing-dô1043 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô470–3000 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-48-4
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
56Cosyn77.27 dε4.56656Fe
57Cosyn271.79 dε0.83657Fe
58Cosyn70.86 dε2.30758Fe
59Co100%ūng-dêng, dái 32 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
60Cosyn5.2714 yβ−, γ2.82460Ni
"^^ . . . "235"^^ . "235"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Lṳ̆k   17Cl\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
hók
↑
Lṳ̆k
↓
chéu
liù-uòng ← Lṳ̆k → argon
ngôi-guăng
pale yellow-green gas

A glass container filled with chlorine gas

Emission line spectra; 400–700 nm
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóLṳ̆k (chlorum)·Cl·17
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆17·3·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(35.446–35.457)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ne] 3s2 3p5
2, 8, 7

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
Recognized as an element byHumphry Davy (1808)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táiké-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(0 °C, 101.325 kPa)
3.2 g/L
bé-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤1.5625 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng171.6 K,−101.5 °C,−150.7 °F
bé-diēng239.11 K,−34.04 °C,−29.27 °F
lìng-gái-diēng416.9 K, 7.991 MPa
iòng iĕk(Cl2) 6.406 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk(Cl2) 20.41 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng(Cl2)
33.949 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K128139153170197239
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1
((a strongly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng3.16 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng102±4 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng175 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

orthorhombic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)>10 Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk8.9×10-3 W·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók206 m·s−1
CAS hô̤7782-50-5
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
35Cl75.77%ūng-dêng, dái 18 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
36Cltrace3.01×105 yβ−0.70936Ar
ε–36S
37Cl24.23%ūng-dêng, dái 20 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Natri   11Na\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Liti
↑
Natri
↓
Kali
Neon ← Natri → Magne
ngôi-guăng
silvery white metallic


Spectral lines of sodium
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóNatri (sodium)·Na·11
nguòng-só lôi-biékgiĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆1·3·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông22.98976928(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ne] 3s1
2, 8, 1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
0.968 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤0.927 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng370.944 K,97.794 °C,208.029 °F
bé-diēng1156.090 K,882.940 °C,1621.292 °F
lìng-gái-diēng2573 K, 35 MPa
iòng iĕk2.60 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk97.42 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng28.230 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K5546176978029461153
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+1, −1
((a strongly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng0.93 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng186 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng166±9 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng227 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)47.7 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk142 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)71 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)3200 m·s−1
Young muò-liông10 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông3.3 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông6.3 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤0.5
Brinell ngâing-dô0.69 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-23-5
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk

模板:Infobox element/isotopes decay3 (2 2 1)

23Na100%ūng-dêng, dái 12 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
* = excited state
"^^ . . . "291"^^ . "291"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Kali   19K\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
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\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Natri
↑
Kali
↓
Rubidi
Argon ← Kali → Cal­ci
ngôi-guăng
silvery gray


Spectral lines of potassium
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóKali (kalium)·K·19
nguòng-só lôi-biékgiĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆1·4·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông39.0983(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 4s1
2, 8, 8, 1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
0.862 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤0.828 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng336.7 K,63.5 °C,146.3 °F
bé-diēng1032 K,759 °C,1398 °F
lìng-gái-diēng2223 K, 16 MPa
iòng iĕk2.33 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk76.9 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng29.6 J·mol−1·K−1
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+1, −1
((a strongly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng0.82 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng227 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng203±12 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng275 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)72 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk102.5 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)83.3 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)2000 m·s−1
Young muò-liông3.53 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông1.3 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông3.1 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤0.4
Brinell ngâing-dô0.363 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-09-7
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
39K93.26%ūng-dêng, dái 20 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
40K0.012%1.248(3)×109 yβ−1.31140Ca
ε1.50540Ar
β+1.50540Ar
41K6.73%ūng-dêng, dái 22 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "193"^^ . "193"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Paladi   46Pd\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Niken
↑
Paladi
↓
băh-gĭng
Rhodi ← Paladi → ngṳ̀ng
ngôi-guăng
silvery white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóPaladi (palladium)·Pd·46
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆10·5·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông106.42(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 4d10
2, 8, 18, 18

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
12.023 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤10.38 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1828.05 K,1554.9 °C,2830.82 °F
bé-diēng3236 K,2963 °C,5365 °F
iòng iĕk16.74 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk358 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.98 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K172118972117239527533234
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6
((a mildly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.20 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng137 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng139±6 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng163 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

face-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)105.4 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk71.8 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)11.8 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)3070 m·s−1
Young muò-liông121 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông44 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông180 GPa
Poisson bī0.39
Mohs ngâing-dô̤4.75
Vickers ngâing-dô400–600 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô320–610 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-05-3
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
100Pdsyn3.63 dε–100Rh
γ0.084, 0.074,
0.126		–
102Pd1.02%–(β+β+)1.1720102Ru
103Pdsyn16.991 dε–103Rh
104Pd11.14%–(SF)<18.969
105Pd22.33%–(SF)<18.247
106Pd27.33%–(SF)<16.806
107Pdtrace6.5×106 yβ−0.033107Ag
108Pd26.46%–(SF)<16.102
110Pd11.72%>6×1017 yβ−β−1.9997110Cd
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "235"^^ . "235"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Liù-uòng   16S\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Iōng
↑
Liù-uòng
↓
Selen
Lìng ← Liù-uòng → Lṳ̆k
ngôi-guăng
uòng-sáik cĭng-tā̤


liù gì nguòng-cṳ̄ guŏng-puō
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóLiù-uòng (Sulphur)·S·16
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k, iōng-cŭk nguòng-só
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆16·3·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông32.066(4)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ne] 3s2 3p4
2, 8, 6

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
(siâ-huŏng-liù) 2.07 g·cm−3
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
(dăng-siâ-liù) 1.96 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤1.819 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng388.36 K,115.21 °C,239.38 °F
bé-diēng717.8 K,444.6 °C,832.3 °F
lìng-gái-diēng1314 K, 20.7 MPa
iòng iĕk1.727 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk45 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng22.75 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K375408449508591717
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, -1, -2
(giòng sŏng-séng)
diêng-hô-séng2.58 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: 999.6 kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: 2252 kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: 3357 kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng105±3 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng180 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

orthorhombic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳkáung-cṳ̀-séng
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)(mò̤ diâng-hìng liù)
2×1015  Ω·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk(mò̤ diâng-hìng liù)
0.205 W·m−1·K−1
tā̤-cék muò-liông7.7 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.0
CAS hô̤7704-34-9
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
32S95.02%ūng-dêng, dái 16 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
33S0.75%ūng-dêng, dái 17 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
34S4.21%ūng-dêng, dái 18 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
35Ssyn87.32 dβ−0.16735Cl
36S0.02%ūng-dêng, dái 20 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "194"^^ . "194"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Cadimi   48Cd\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
ā-iòng
↑
Cadimi
↓
cūi-ngṳ̀ng
ngṳ̀ng ← Cadimi → Indi
ngôi-guăng
silvery bluish-gray metallic
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóCadimi (cadmium)·Cd·48
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
alternatively considered a post-transition metal
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆12·5·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông112.414(4)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 4d10 5s2
2, 8, 18, 18, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
kī-miàngFriedrich Stromeyer(1817 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
8.65 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤7.996 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng594.22 K,321.07 °C,609.93 °F
bé-diēng1040 K,767 °C,1413 °F
iòng iĕk6.21 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk99.87 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng26.020 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K5305836547458671040
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái2, 1, −2
((a mildly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.69 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng151 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng144±9 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng158 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳdiamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk72.7 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk96.6 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)30.8 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)2310 m·s−1
Young muò-liông50 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông19 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông42 GPa
Poisson bī0.30
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.0
Brinell ngâing-dô203–220 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-43-9
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
106Cd1.25%>4.1×1020 y(β+β+)2.770106Pd
107Cdsyn6.5 hε1.417107Ag
108Cd0.89%>4.1×1017 y(β+β+)0.272108Pd
109Cdsyn462.6 dε0.214109Ag
110Cd12.49%–(SF)<22.486
111Cd12.8%–(SF)<21.883
112Cd24.13%–(SF)<20.733
113Cd12.22%7.7×1015 yβ−0.316113In
113mCdsyn14.1 yβ−0.580113In
IT0.264113Cd
114Cd28.73%>6.4×1018 y(β−β−)0.540114Sn
115Cdsyn53.46 hβ−1.446115In
116Cd7.49%3.1×1019 yβ−β−2.809116Sn
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "237"^^ . "237"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Lìng   15P\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
dâng
↑
Lìng
↓
piĕ
sĭk ← Lìng → liù-uòng
ngôi-guăng
mò̤ ngàng-sáik, băh, uòng, è̤ng, ciē, ŭ
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóLìng (phosphorus)·P·15
nguòng-só lôi-biékhĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆k
ô sèng-âu dóng có̤ lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆15·3·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông30.973761998(5)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ne] 3s2 3p3
2, 8, 5

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngHennig Brand(1669 nièng)
Recognized as an element byAntoine Lavoisier (1777)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
white: 1.823 g·cm−3
red: ≈ 2.2–2.34 g·cm−3
violet: 2.36 g·cm−3
black: 2.69 g·cm−3
iòng-diēngwhite: 44.2 °C
black: 610 °C
sĭng-huà-diēngred: ≈ 416–590 °C
violet: 620 °C
bé-diēngwhite: 280.5 °C
iòng iĕkwhite: 0.66 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕkwhite: 51.9 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ngwhite: 23.824 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák((white))

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K279307342388453549
cĭng-ké-ák\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák (Pa)1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng (K)455489529576635704
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2, −3
((a mildly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.19 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng107±3 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng180 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳwhite, red, violet, black: diamagnetic
iĕk-dô̤-lŭkwhite: 0.236 W·m−1·K−1
iĕk-dô̤-lŭkblack: 12.1 W·m−1·K−1
tā̤-cék muò-liôngwhite: 5 GPa
red: 11 GPa
CAS hô̤white: 12185-10-3
red: 7723-14-0
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
31P100%ūng-dêng, dái 16 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
32Psyn14.28 dβ−1.70932S
33Psyn25.3 dβ−0.24933S
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox vcard" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Háng-cáung Ngṳ̄-hiê
guók-gă / dê-kṳ̆Ā-ciŭ
ciō-iéu dê-kṳ̆Ā-ciŭ
hiê-sṳ̆k\n
\n
    \n
  • Háng-cáung Ngṳ̄-hiê
    • \n
\n
ngṳ̄-ngiòng dâi-mā
ISO 639-3sit
ISO 639-6snot

Háng-cáung Ngṳ̄-hiê
\n
\n
    \n
  • h
    • \n
  • l
    • \n
  • g
    • \n
\n
"^^ . . . "269"^^ . "269"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Cê-mō̤Miàng-cêTĕ̤k-ĭng
Gū-dâiHiêng-dâi
Α αalpha, άλφαa aː[a]
Β βbeta, βήταbv
Γ γgamma, γάμμαɡɣ ~ ʝ
Δ δdelta, δέλταdð
Ε εepsilon, έψιλονe[e]
Ζ ζzeta, ζήτα[zd]/[dz]z
Η ηeta, ήταɛːi
Θ θtheta, θήταtʰθ
Ι ιiota, ιώταi iːi
Κ κkappa, κάππαkk ~ c
Λ λlambda, λάμδαll
Μ μmu, μυmm
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Cê-mō̤Miàng-cêTĕ̤k-ĭng
Gū-dâiHiêng-dâi
Ν νnu, νυnn
Ξ ξxi, ξι[ks][ks]
Ο οomicron, όμικρονo[o]
Π πpi, πιpp
Ρ ρrho, ρώrr
Σ σ/ςsigma, σίγμαss
Τ τtau, ταυtt
Υ υupsilon, ύψιλονy yːi
Φ φphi, φιpʰf
Χ χchi, χιkʰx ~ ç
Ψ ψpsi, ψι[ps][ps]
Ω ωomega, ωμέγαɔː[o]
"^^ . . . "135"^^ . "135"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Ék-buăng gì Kyril cê-mō̤\n
Ciáng-siāsià-tā̤Miàng-cêTĕ̤k-ĭng (IPA)
А аА аA/a/
Б бБ бBe/b/
В вВ вVe/v/
Г гГ гGe/ɡ/
Д дД дDe/d/
Е еЕ еYe/je/, /ʲe/
Ж жЖ жZheʒ
З зЗ зZe/z/
И иИ иI/i/, /ʲi/
Й йЙ йDōi I/j/
К кК кKa/k/
Л лЛ лEl/l/
М мМ мEmm
Н нН нEn/n/
О оО оO/o/
П пП пPe/p/
Р рР рEr/r/
С сС сEs/s/
Т тТ тTe/t/
У уУ уU/u/
Ф фФ фEf/f/
Х хХ хKhax
Ц цЦ цTsets (t͡s)
Ч чЧ чChetʃ (t͡ʃ)
Ш шШ шShaʃ
Щ щЩ щShcha, Shta/ʃtʃ/, ɕː, /ʃt/
Ь ьЬ ьNiōng-ĭng hù-hô̤ hĕ̤k-ciā Siēu yerʲ
Ю юЮ юYu/ju/, /ʲu/
Я яЯ яYa/ja/, /ʲa/
"^^ . . . "310"^^ . "310"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "266"^^ . "266"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "158"^^ . "158"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "154"^^ . "154"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Protactini   91Pa\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Praseodymi
↑
Protactini
↓
(Uqt)
Thori ← Protactini → Urani
ngôi-guăng
bright, silvery metallic luster
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóProtactini (protactinium)·Pa·91
nguòng-só lôi-biékactinium-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·7·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông231.03588(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Rn] 5f2 6d1 7s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 20, 9, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ê̤ṳ-cháikDmitri Mendeleev(1869 nièng)
kī-miàngOtto Hahn and Lise Meitner(1917–8 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
15.37 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1841 K,1568 °C,2854 °F
bé-diēng4300 K,4027 °C,7280 °F
iòng iĕk12.34 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk481 kJ·mol−1
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái2, 3, 4, 5
((a weakly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.5 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèngdâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng163 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng200 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

tetragonal

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(0 °C)177 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk47 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só~9.9 µm/(m·K)
CAS hô̤7440-13-3
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
229Pasyn1.5 dε0.311229Th
230Pasyn17.4 dε1.310230Th
231Pa100%3.276×104 yα5.150227Ac
232Pasyn1.31 dβ−1.337232U
233Patrace26.967 dβ−0.5701233U
234Patrace6.75 hβ−2.195234U
234mPatrace1.17 minβ−2.29234U
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n titan   22Ti\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
titan
↓
Zirconi
Scandi ← titan → Vanadi
ngôi-guăng
silvery grey-white metallic
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sótitan (titanium)·Ti·22
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆4·4·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông47.867(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d2 4s2
2, 8, 10, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngWilliam Gregor(1791 nièng)
hŭng-liêJöns Jakob Berzelius(1825 nièng)
kī-miàngMartin Heinrich Klaproth(1795 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
4.506 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤4.11 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1941 K,1668 °C,3034 °F
bé-diēng3560 K,3287 °C,5949 °F
iòng iĕk14.15 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk425 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.060 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K19822171(2403)269230643558
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −2
((an amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.54 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng147 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng160±8 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)420 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk21.9 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)8.6 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(sék-ŭng)5090 m·s−1
Young muò-liông116 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông44 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông110 GPa
Poisson bī0.32
Mohs ngâing-dô̤6.0
Vickers ngâing-dô830–3420 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô716–2770 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-32-6
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
44Tisyn63 yε–44Sc
γ0.07D, 0.08D–
46Ti8.0%ūng-dêng, dái 24 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
47Ti7.3%ūng-dêng, dái 25 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
48Ti73.8%ūng-dêng, dái 26 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
49Ti5.5%ūng-dêng, dái 27 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
50Ti5.4%ūng-dêng, dái 28 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "237"^^ . "237"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Hók-gióng Nùng-lìng Dâi-hŏk
福建農林大學\n
Sìng-lĭk Sì-găng1936 nièng
Gāng-chĭngNùng-dâi
Hŏk-hâiu Dê-cīDṳ̆ng-guók Hók-ciŭ
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Rubidi   37Rb\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Kali
↑
Rubidi
↓
Caesi
krypton ← Rubidi → Stronti
ngôi-guăng
grey white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóRubidi (rubidium)·Rb·37
nguòng-só lôi-biékgiĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆1·5·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông85.4678(3)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Kr] 5s1
2, 8, 18, 8, 1

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngRobert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff(1861 nièng)
hŭng-liêGeorge de Hevesy
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
1.532 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤1.46 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng312.45 K,39.30 °C,102.74 °F
bé-diēng961 K,688 °C,1270 °F
săng-siông-diēng312.41 K(39 °C), ? kPa
lìng-gái-diēng2093 K, 16 MPa
iòng iĕk2.19 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk69 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng31.060 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K434486552641769958
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+1, −1
((a strongly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng0.82 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng248 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng220±9 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng303 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)128 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk58.2 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só90 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)1300 m·s−1
Young muò-liông2.4 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông2.5 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤0.3
Brinell ngâing-dô0.216 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-17-7
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
83Rbsyn86.2 dε–83Kr
γ0.52, 0.53,
0.55		–

模板:Infobox element/isotopes decay4

85Rb72.17%ūng-dêng, dái 48 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
86Rbsyn18.65 dβ−1.77586Sr
γ1.0767–
87Rb27.83%4.9×1010 yβ−0.28387Sr
"^^ . . . "237"^^ . "237"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Actini   89Ac\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Lantan
↑
Actini
↓
(Uqu)
radi ← Actini → Thori
ngôi-guăng
silvery-white, glowing with an eerie blue light; sometimes with a golden cast
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóActini (actinium)·Ac·89
nguòng-só lôi-biékactinium-hiê
ô sèng-âu dóng có̤ guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·7·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(227)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Rn] 6d1 7s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
10 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1500 K,1227 °C,2240 °F
bé-diēng3500±300 K,3200±300 °C,5800±500 °F
iòng iĕk14 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk400 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng27.2 J·mol−1·K−1
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái3, 2
((a neutral oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.1 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1 : {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng215 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

face-centered cubic

\n
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk12 W·m−1·K−1
CAS hô̤7440-34-8
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
225Actrace10 dα5.935221Fr
226Acsyn29.37 hβ−1.117226Th
ε0.640226Ra
α5.536222Fr
227Actrace21.772 yβ−0.045227Th
α5.042223Fr
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n bari   56Ba\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Stronti
↑
bari
↓
Radi
Caesi ← bari → Lantan
ngôi-guăng
silvery gray; with a pale yellow tint
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóbari (barium)·Ba·56
nguòng-só lôi-biékgiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆2·6·s
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông137.327(7)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Xe] 6s2
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngCarl Wilhelm Scheele(1772 nièng)
hŭng-liêHumphry Davy(1808 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
3.51 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤3.338 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1000 K,727 °C,1341 °F
bé-diēng2118 K,1845 °C,3353 °F
iòng iĕk7.12 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk142 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng28.07 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K91110381185138816862170
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+2, +1
((a strongly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng0.89 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng222 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng215±11 pm
Van der Waals buáng-géng268 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)332 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk18.4 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)20.6 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)1620 m·s−1
Young muò-liông13 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông4.9 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông9.6 GPa
Mohs ngâing-dô̤1.25
CAS hô̤7440-39-3
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
130Ba0.106%(0.5–2.7)×1021 yεε2.620130Xe
132Ba0.101%>3×1020 y(β+β+)0.846132Xe
133Basyn10.51 yε0.517133Cs
134Ba2.417%–(SF)<40.520
135Ba6.592%–(SF)<39.357
136Ba7.854%–(SF)<38.041
137Ba11.23%–(SF)<35.722
138Ba71.7%–(SF)<34.302
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Praseodymi   59Pr\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Praseodymi
↓
Protactini
ceri ← Praseodymi → Neodymi
ngôi-guăng
grayish white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóPraseodymi (praseodymium)·Pr·59
nguòng-só lôi-biéklanthanum-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·6·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông140.90766(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Xe] 4f3 6s2
2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngCarl Auer von Welsbach(1885 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
6.77 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤6.50 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1208 K,935 °C,1715 °F
bé-diēng3403 K,3130 °C,5666 °F
iòng iĕk6.89 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk331 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng27.20 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K17711973(2227)(2571)(3054)(3779)
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái5, 4, 3, 2
((a mildly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.13 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng182 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng203±7 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

double hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭkα, poly: 0.700 µΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk12.5 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-sóα, poly: 6.7 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)2280 m·s−1
Young muò-liôngα form: 37.3 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liôngα form: 14.8 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liôngα form: 28.8 GPa
Poisson bīα form: 0.281
Vickers ngâing-dô250–745 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô250–640 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-10-0
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
141Pr100%–(SF)<48.450
142Prsyn19.12 hβ−2.162142Nd
ε0.745142Ce
143Prsyn13.57 dβ−0.934143Nd
Decay modes in parentheses have been predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "241"^^ . "241"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Vanadi   23V\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Vanadi
↓
Niobi
Titan ← Vanadi → Crom
ngôi-guăng
blue-silver-grey metal
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóVanadi (vanadium)·V·23
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆5·4·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông50.9415(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Ar] 3d3 4s2
2, 8, 11, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngAndrés Manuel del Río(1801 nièng)
hŭng-liêNils Gabriel Sefström(1830 nièng)
kī-miàngNils Gabriel Sefström(1830 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
6.0 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤5.5 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng2183 K,1910 °C,3470 °F
bé-diēng3680 K,3407 °C,6165 °F
iòng iĕk21.5 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk444 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.89 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K210122892523281431873679
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái5, 4, 3, 2, 1, −1, −3
((an amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.63 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng134 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng153±8 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

body-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)197 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk30.7 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)8.4 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)4560 m·s−1
Young muò-liông128 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông47 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông160 GPa
Poisson bī0.37
Mohs ngâing-dô̤6.7
Vickers ngâing-dô628–640 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô600–742 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-62-2
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
48Vsyn15.9735 dβ+4.012348Ti
49Vsyn330 dε0.601949Ti
50V0.25%1.5×1017 yε2.208350Ti
β−1.036950Cr
51V99.75%ūng-dêng, dái 28 ciáh dṳ̆ng-cṳ̄
"^^ . . . "236"^^ . "236"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "149"^^ . "149"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Neptuni   93Np\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Promethi
↑
Neptuni
↓
(Uqp)
urani ← Neptuni → Plutoni
ngôi-guăng
silvery metallic
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóNeptuni (neptunium)·Np·93
nguòng-só lôi-biékactinium-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·7·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(237)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngEdwin McMillan and Philip H. Abelson(1940 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
alpha: 20.45 g·cm−3
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
accepted standard value: 19.38 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng912±3 K,639±3 °C,1182±5 °F
bé-diēng4447 K,4174 °C,7545 °F
iòng iĕk5.19 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk336 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng29.46 J·mol−1·K−1
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2
((an amphoteric oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.36 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèngdâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng155 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng190±1 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

orthorhombic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk1.220 µΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk6.3 W·m−1·K−1
CAS hô̤7439-99-8
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
235Npsyn396.1 dα5.192231Pa
ε0.124235U
236Npsyn1.54×105 yε0.940236U
β−0.940236Pu
α5.020232Pa
237Nptrace2.144×106 yα4.959233Pa
239Nptrace2.356 dβ−0.218239Pu
"^^ . . . "238"^^ . "238"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Osmi   76Os\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Rutheni
↑
Osmi
↓
Hassi
Rheni ← Osmi → Iridi
ngôi-guăng
silvery, blue cast
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóOsmi (osmium)·Os·76
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆8·6·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông190.23(3)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Xe] 4f14 5d6 6s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
22.59 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤20 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng3306 K,3033 °C,5491 °F
bé-diēng5285 K,5012 °C,9054 °F
iòng iĕk31 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk378 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng24.7 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K316034233751414846385256
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −2, −4
((a mildly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng2.2 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1 : {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng135 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng144±4 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(0 °C)81.2 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk87.6 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(25 °C)5.1 µm·m−1·K−1
siăng-sók(20 °C)4940 m·s−1
cēng-ciék muò-liông222 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông462 GPa
Poisson bī0.25
Mohs ngâing-dô̤7.0
Brinell ngâing-dô3490–4000 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-04-2
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
184Os0.02%>5.6×1013 y(β+β+)1.451184W
(α)2.963180W
185Ossyn93.6 dε1.013185Re
186Os1.59%2.0×1015 yα2.822182W
187Os1.96%–(α)2.7202183W
188Os13.24%–(α)2.1426184W
189Os16.15%–(α)1.9757185W
190Os26.26%–(α)1.3784186W
191Ossyn15.4 dβ−0.314191Ir
192Os40.78%>9.8×1012 y(β−β−)0.4135192Pt
(α)0.3622188W
193Ossyn30.11 dβ−1.141193Ir
194Ossyn6 yβ−0.097194Ir
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "235"^^ . "235"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Bohri   107Bh\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Rheni
↑
Bohri
↓
(Upe)
Seaborgi ← Bohri → Hassi
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóBohri (bohrium)·Bh·107
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆7·7·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông[270]
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngGesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung(1981 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤(predicted)
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
37.1 g·cm−3
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái7, (5), (4), (3)
((parenthesized oxidation states are predictions))
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng128 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng141 pm
((estimated))
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close-packed

\n

\n
(predicted)
CAS hô̤54037-14-8
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
274Bhsyn~54 sα8.8270Db
272Bhsyn9.8 sα9.02268Db
271Bhsyn1.2 sα9.35267Db
270Bhsyn61 sα8.93266Db
267Bhsyn17 sα8.83263Db
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Holmi   67Ho\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Holmi
↓
Einsteini
Dysprosi ← Holmi → Erbi
ngôi-guăng
silvery white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóHolmi (holmium)·Ho·67
nguòng-só lôi-biéklanthanum-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·6·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông164.93033(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Xe] 4f11 6s2
2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngMarc Delafontaine(1878 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
8.79 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤8.34 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1734 K,1461 °C,2662 °F
bé-diēng2873 K,2600 °C,4712 °F
iòng iĕk17.0 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk251 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng27.15 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K14321584(1775)(2040)(2410)(2964)
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái3, 2, 1
((a basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.23 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng176 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng192±7 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭkpoly: 814 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk16.2 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-sópoly: 11.2 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)2760 m·s−1
Young muò-liông64.8 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông26.3 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông40.2 GPa
Poisson bī0.231
Vickers ngâing-dô410–600 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô500–1250 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-60-0
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
163Hosyn4570 yε0.003163Dy
164Hosyn29 minε0.987164Dy
165Ho100%–(α)0.1394161Tb
166Hosyn26.763 hβ−1.855166Er
167Hosyn3.1 hβ−1.007167Er
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "236"^^ . "236"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Neodymi   60Nd\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Neodymi
↓
urani
Praseodymi ← Neodymi → Promethi
ngôi-guăng
silvery white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóNeodymi (neodymium)·Nd·60
nguòng-só lôi-biéklanthanum-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·6·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông144.242(3)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Xe] 4f4 6s2
2, 8, 18, 22, 8, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngCarl Auer von Welsbach(1885 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
7.01 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤6.89 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1297 K,1024 °C,1875 °F
bé-diēng3347 K,3074 °C,5565 °F
iòng iĕk7.14 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk289 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng27.45 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K159517741998(2296)(2715)(3336)
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái+4, +3, +2
((a mildly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.14 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng181 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng201±6 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

double hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic, antiferromagnetic below 20 K
diêng-cū-lŭkα, poly: 643 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk16.5 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-sóα, poly: 9.6 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)2330 m·s−1
Young muò-liôngα form: 41.4 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liôngα form: 16.3 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liôngα form: 31.8 GPa
Poisson bīα form: 0.281
Vickers ngâing-dô345–745 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô265–700 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-00-8
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
142Nd27.2%–(SF)<53.264
143Nd12.2%–(α)0.5214139Ce
144Nd23.8%2.29×1015 yα1.905140Ce
145Nd8.3%>6×1016 y(α)1.5784141Ce
146Nd17.2%–(α)1.1822142Ce
(β−β−)0.0702146Sm
148Nd5.7%>3.0×1018 y(α)0.5986144Ce
(β−β−)1.9288148Sm
150Nd5.6%6.7×1018 yβ−β−3.367150Sm
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Erbi   68Er\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Erbi
↓
Fermi
Holmi ← Erbi → Thuli
ngôi-guăng
silvery white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóErbi (erbium)·Er·68
nguòng-só lôi-biéklanthanum-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·6·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông167.259(3)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Xe] 4f12 6s2
2, 8, 18, 30, 8, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngCarl Gustaf Mosander(1842 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
9.066 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤8.86 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1802 K,1529 °C,2784 °F
bé-diēng3141 K,2868 °C,5194 °F
iòng iĕk19.90 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk280 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng28.12 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K15041663(1885)(2163)(2552)(3132)
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái3, 2, 1
((a basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.24 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng176 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng189±6 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic at 300 K
diêng-cū-lŭkpoly: 0.860 µΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk14.5 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-sópoly: 12.2 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)2830 m·s−1
Young muò-liông69.9 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông28.3 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông44.4 GPa
Poisson bī0.237
Vickers ngâing-dô430–700 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô600–1070 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-52-0
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
160Ersyn28.58 hε0.330160Ho
162Er0.139%>1.4×1014 y(α)1.6460158Dy
(β+β+)1.8445162Dy
164Er1.601%–(α)1.3041160Dy
(β+β+)0.0241164Dy
165Ersyn10.36 hε0.376165Ho
166Er33.503%–(α)0.8309162Dy
167Er22.869%–(α)0.6657163Dy
168Er26.978%–(α)0.5527164Dy
169Ersyn9.4 dβ−0.351169Tm
170Er14.910%>3.2×1017 y(α)0.0502166Dy
(β−β−)0.6536170Yb
171Ersyn7.516 hβ−1.490171Tm
172Ersyn49.3 hβ−0.891172Tm
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "235"^^ . "235"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Einsteini   99Es\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Holmi
↑
Einsteini
↓
(Upu)
Californi ← Einsteini → Fermi
ngôi-guăng
silver-colored
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóEinsteini (einsteinium)·Es·99
nguòng-só lôi-biékactinium-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·7·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(252)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Rn] 5f11 7s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(1952 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
8.84 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1133 K,860 °C,1580 °F
bé-diēng1269 K,996 °C,1825 °F
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái2, 3, 4
diêng-hô-séng1.3 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèngdâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

face-centered cubic

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
CAS hô̤7429-92-7
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
252Essyn471.7 dα6.760248Bk
ε1.260252Cf
β−0.480252Fm
253Essyn20.47 dSF––
α6.739249Bk
254Essyn275.7 dε0.654254Cf
β−1.090254Fm
α6.628250Bk
255Essyn39.8 dβ−0.288255Fm
α6.436251Bk
SF––
"^^ . . . "240"^^ . "240"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Luteti   71Lu\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Yttri
↑
Luteti
↓
Lawrenci
Ytterbi ← Luteti → Hafni
ngôi-guăng
silvery white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóLuteti (lutetium)·Lu·71
nguòng-só lôi-biéklanthanum-hiê
ô sèng-âu dóng có̤ guó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆3·6·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông174.9668(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Xe] 6s2 4f14 5d1
2, 8, 18, 32, 9, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngGeorges Urbain and Carl Auer von Welsbach(1906 nièng)
hŭng-liêCarl Auer von Welsbach(1906 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
9.841 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤9.3 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1925 K,1652 °C,3006 °F
bé-diēng3675 K,3402 °C,6156 °F
iòng iĕkca. 22 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk414 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng26.86 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K190621032346(2653)(3072)(3663)
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái3, 2, 1
((a weakly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.27 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng174 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng187±8 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭkpoly: 582 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk16.4 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-sópoly: 9.9 µm/(m·K)
Young muò-liông68.6 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông27.2 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông47.6 GPa
Poisson bī0.261
Vickers ngâing-dô755–1160 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô890–1300 MPa
CAS hô̤7439-94-3
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
173Lusyn1.37 yε0.671173Yb
174Lusyn3.31 yε1.374174Yb
175Lu97.41%–(α)1.6197171Tm
176Lu2.59%3.78×1010 yβ−1.193176Hf
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "237"^^ . "237"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Samari   62Sm\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Samari
↓
Plutoni
Promethi ← Samari → Europi
ngôi-guăng
silvery white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóSamari (samarium)·Sm·62
nguòng-só lôi-biéklanthanum-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·6·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông150.36(2)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Xe] 4f6 6s2
2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
7.52 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤7.16 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1345 K,1072 °C,1962 °F
bé-diēng2173 K,1900 °C,3452 °F
iòng iĕk8.62 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk192 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng29.54 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K100111061240(1421)(1675)(2061)
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái4, 3, 2, 1
((a mildly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.17 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng180 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng198±8 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

rhombohedral

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(r.t.) (α, poly) 0.940 µΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk13.3 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só(r.t.) (α, poly) 12.7 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)2130 m·s−1
Young muò-liôngα form: 49.7 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liôngα form: 19.5 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liôngα form: 37.8 GPa
Poisson bīα form: 0.274
Vickers ngâing-dô410–440 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô440–600 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-19-9
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
144Sm3.07%–(β+β+)1.7811144Nd
(α)0.0761140Nd
145Smsyn340 dε–145Pm
146Smtrace1.03×108 yα2.529142Nd
147Sm14.99%1.06×1011 yα2.310143Nd
148Sm11.24%7×1015 yα1.986144Nd
149Sm13.82%>2×1015 y(α)1.870145Nd
150Sm7.38%–(α)1.4495146Nd
151Smsyn90 yβ−–151Eu
152Sm26.75%–(α)0.2203148Nd
153Smsyn46.284 hβ−–153Eu
154Sm22.75%>2.3×1018 y(β−β−)1.2510154Gd
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "237"^^ . "237"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Ceri   58Ce\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
–
↑
Ceri
↓
Thori
Lantan ← Ceri → Praseodymi
ngôi-guăng
silvery white
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóCeri (cerium)·Ce·58
nguòng-só lôi-biéklanthanum-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·6·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông140.116(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
2, 8, 18, 19, 9, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngMartin Heinrich Klaproth, Jöns Jakob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger(1803 nièng)
hŭng-liêCarl Gustaf Mosander(1839 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
6.770 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤6.55 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1068 K,795 °C,1463 °F
bé-diēng3716 K,3443 °C,6229 °F
iòng iĕk5.46 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk398 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng26.94 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K199221942442275431593705
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái4, 3, 2, 1
((a mildly basic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.12 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng181.8 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng204±9 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

double hexagonal close packed

\n

\n
β-Ce
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭkβ, poly: 828 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk11.3 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-sóγ, poly: 6.3 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)2100 m·s−1
Young muò-liôngγ form: 33.6 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liôngγ form: 13.5 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liôngγ form: 21.5 GPa
Poisson bīγ form: 0.24
Mohs ngâing-dô̤2.5
Vickers ngâing-dô210–470 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô186–412 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-45-1
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
134Cesyn3.16 dε0.500134La
136Ce0.185%>3.8×1016 y(β+β+)2.419136Ba
138Ce0.251%>1.5×1014 y(β+β+)0.694138Ba
139Cesyn137.640 dε0.278139La
140Ce88.450%–(SF)<43.633
141Cesyn32.501 dβ−0.581141Pr
142Ce11.114%>5×1016 y(β−β−)1.417142Nd
(α)1.298138Ba
144Cesyn284.893 dβ−0.319144Pr
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "235"^^ . "235"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Rheni   75Re\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Tecneti
↑
Rheni
↓
Bohri
wolfram ← Rheni → Osmi
ngôi-guăng
silvery-grayish
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóRheni (rhenium)·Re·75
nguòng-só lôi-biékguó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆k
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆7·6·d
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông186.207(1)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó

[Xe] 4f14 5d5 6s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 13, 2

\n
\n
\n
\n
\n
Lĭk-sṳ̄
kī-miàngWalter Noddack, Ida Noddack, Otto Berg(1922 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
21.02 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng sèng-âu gì ĭk-tā̤ mĭk-dô̤18.9 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng3459 K,3186 °C,5767 °F
bé-diēng5869 K,5596 °C,10,105 °F
iòng iĕk60.43 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk704 kJ·mol−1
bī-iĕk-ṳ̀ng25.48 J·mol−1·K−1

cĭng-ké-ák

\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
ák/Pa1101001 k10 k100 k
ŭng/K330336144009450051275954
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, −1, −3
((a mildly acidic oxide))
diêng-hô-séng1.9 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng137 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng151±7 pm
gì-tă
cĭng-tā̤ giék-gáiu

hexagonal close packed

\n
Cṳ̀-sê̤ṳparamagnetic
diêng-cū-lŭk(20 °C)193 nΩ·m
iĕk-dô̤-lŭk48.0 W·m−1·K−1
pàng-dióng hiê-só6.2 µm/(m·K)
siăng-sók(20 °C)4700 m·s−1
Young muò-liông463 GPa
cēng-ciék muò-liông178 GPa
tā̤-cék muò-liông370 GPa
Poisson bī0.30
Mohs ngâing-dô̤7.0
Vickers ngâing-dô1350–7850 MPa
Brinell ngâing-dô1320–2500 MPa
CAS hô̤7440-15-5
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
185Re37.4%–(α)2.1947181Ta
187Re62.6%4.12×1010 yα1.653183Ta
β−0.0026187Os
Decay modes in parentheses are predicted, but have not yet been observed
"^^ . . . "236"^^ . "236"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Mendelevi   101Md\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
\n
\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Thuli
↑
Mendelevi
↓
(Upt)
Fermi ← Mendelevi → Nobeli
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóMendelevi (mendelevium)·Md·101
nguòng-só lôi-biékactinium-hiê
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆n/a·7·f
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông(258)
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Rn] 5f13 7s2
2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory(1955 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤(predicted)
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
10.3(7) g·cm−3
iòng-diēng1100 K,827 °C,1521 °F
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái2, 3
diêng-hô-séng1.3 (Pauling biĕu-dô)
diêng-liê-nèngdâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
gì-tă
CAS hô̤7440-11-1
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
257Mdsyn5.52 hε0.406257Fm
α7.558253Es
SF––
258Mdsyn51.5 dε1.230258Fm

模板:Infobox element/isotopes decay4

"^^ . . . "241"^^ . "241"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H He
LiBe BCNOFNe
NaMg AlSiPSClAr
KCa ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSr YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBaLaCePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLuHfTaWReOsIrPtAuHgTlPbBiPoAtRn
FrRaAcThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLrRfDbSgBhHsMtDsRgCnNhFlMcLvTsOg
 
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆kGiĕng-tū gĭng-sṳ̆kLanthanum-hiêActinium-hiêGuó-dô gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă gĭng-sṳ̆kLôi-gĭng-sṳ̆kgì-tă hĭ-gĭng-sṳ̆kLū-sóHĭ-iū ké-tā̤Muôi diâng
"^^ . . . "155"^^ . "155"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lá-dĭng cê-mō̤: Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Qq | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz
Ô gé-hô̤ gì: Àà | Áá | Ââ | Ää | Ãã | Āā | Ąą | Ăă | Ǎǎ | Çç | Ĉĉ | Čč | Ćć | Đđ | Ďď | Èè | Éé | Êê | Ëë | Ęę | Ēē | Ĕĕ | Ėė | Ěě | Ĝĝ | Ğğ | Ġġ | Ģģ | Ǧǧ | Ĥĥ | Ħħ | Ìì | Íí | Îî | Ïï | Įį | İı | Ĩĩ | Īī | Ĭĭ | Ĵĵ | Ķķ | Ǩǩ | Ĺĺ | Ļļ | Ľľ | Ŀŀ | Łł | Ńń | Ņņ | Ňň | Òò | Óó | Ôô | Öö | Õõ | Őő | Ǫǫ | Ōō | Ŏŏ | Ơơ | Ŕŕ | Ŗŗ | Řř | Śś | Ŝŝ | Şş | Șș | Šš | Ťť | Ŧŧ | Ţţ | Țț | Ùù | Úú | Ûû | Üü | Ũũ | Ūū | Ŭŭ | Ųų | Ůů | Űű | Ưư | Ŵŵ | Ýý | Ŷŷ | Ÿÿ | Źź | Žž | Żż
guóh-diēng cê-mō̤: Ȁȁ | Ȃȃ | Ææ | Ǽǽ | Ǣǣ | Åå | Ċċ | Ðð | DZdz | Dždž | Ɛɛ | Ȅȅ | Ȇȇ | Əə | Ƒƒ | Ǥǥ | Ǧǧ | Ƣƣ | Ƕƕ | IJij | Ǐǐ | Ȉȉ | Ȋȋ | Ǩǩ | ĸ | Ljlj | LLll | ĿLŀl | Ññ | Njnj | Ŋŋ | Œœ | Øø | Ǿǿ | Ǒǒ | Ȍȍ | Ȏȏ | Ɔɔ | Ȣȣ | | Ȑȑ | Ȓȓ | ſ | ß | Ʃʃ | Ǔǔ | Ȕȕ | Ȗȗ | Ƿƿ | Ȝȝ | Ȥȥ | Ƶƶ | Ʒʒ | Ǯǯ | Þþ
"^^ . . . "168"^^ . "168"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lá-dĭng cê-mō̤: Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Qq | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz
Ô gé-hô̤ gì: Àà | Áá | Ââ | Ää | Ãã | Āā | Ąą | Ăă | Ǎǎ | Çç | Ĉĉ | Čč | Ćć | Đđ | Ďď | Èè | Éé | Êê | Ëë | Ęę | Ēē | Ĕĕ | Ėė | Ěě | Ĝĝ | Ğğ | Ġġ | Ģģ | Ǧǧ | Ĥĥ | Ħħ | Ìì | Íí | Îî | Ïï | Įį | İı | Ĩĩ | Īī | Ĭĭ | Ĵĵ | Ķķ | Ǩǩ | Ĺĺ | Ļļ | Ľľ | Ŀŀ | Łł | Ńń | Ņņ | Ňň | Òò | Óó | Ôô | Öö | Õõ | Őő | Ǫǫ | Ōō | Ŏŏ | Ơơ | Ŕŕ | Ŗŗ | Řř | Śś | Ŝŝ | Şş | Șș | Šš | Ťť | Ŧŧ | Ţţ | Țț | Ùù | Úú | Ûû | Üü | Ũũ | Ūū | Ŭŭ | Ųų | Ůů | Űű | Ưư | Ŵŵ | Ýý | Ŷŷ | Ÿÿ | Źź | Žž | Żż
guóh-diēng cê-mō̤: Ȁȁ | Ȃȃ | Ææ | Ǽǽ | Ǣǣ | Åå | Ċċ | Ðð | DZdz | Dždž | Ɛɛ | Ȅȅ | Ȇȇ | Əə | Ƒƒ | Ǥǥ | Ǧǧ | Ƣƣ | Ƕƕ | IJij | Ǐǐ | Ȉȉ | Ȋȋ | Ǩǩ | ĸ | Ljlj | LLll | ĿLŀl | Ññ | Njnj | Ŋŋ | Œœ | Øø | Ǿǿ | Ǒǒ | Ȍȍ | Ȏȏ | Ɔɔ | Ȣȣ | | Ȑȑ | Ȓȓ | ſ | ß | Ʃʃ | Ǔǔ | Ȕȕ | Ȗȗ | Ƿƿ | Ȝȝ | Ȥȥ | Ƶƶ | Ʒʒ | Ǯǯ | Þþ
"^^ . . . "155"^^ . "155"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lá-dĭng cê-mō̤: Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Qq | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz
Ô gé-hô̤ gì: Àà | Áá | Ââ | Ää | Ãã | Āā | Ąą | Ăă | Ǎǎ | Çç | Ĉĉ | Čč | Ćć | Đđ | Ďď | Èè | Éé | Êê | Ëë | Ęę | Ēē | Ĕĕ | Ėė | Ěě | Ĝĝ | Ğğ | Ġġ | Ģģ | Ǧǧ | Ĥĥ | Ħħ | Ìì | Íí | Îî | Ïï | Įį | İı | Ĩĩ | Īī | Ĭĭ | Ĵĵ | Ķķ | Ǩǩ | Ĺĺ | Ļļ | Ľľ | Ŀŀ | Łł | Ńń | Ņņ | Ňň | Òò | Óó | Ôô | Öö | Õõ | Őő | Ǫǫ | Ōō | Ŏŏ | Ơơ | Ŕŕ | Ŗŗ | Řř | Śś | Ŝŝ | Şş | Șș | Šš | Ťť | Ŧŧ | Ţţ | Țț | Ùù | Úú | Ûû | Üü | Ũũ | Ūū | Ŭŭ | Ųų | Ůů | Űű | Ưư | Ŵŵ | Ýý | Ŷŷ | Ÿÿ | Źź | Žž | Żż
guóh-diēng cê-mō̤: Ȁȁ | Ȃȃ | Ææ | Ǽǽ | Ǣǣ | Åå | Ċċ | Ðð | DZdz | Dždž | Ɛɛ | Ȅȅ | Ȇȇ | Əə | Ƒƒ | Ǥǥ | Ǧǧ | Ƣƣ | Ƕƕ | IJij | Ǐǐ | Ȉȉ | Ȋȋ | Ǩǩ | ĸ | Ljlj | LLll | ĿLŀl | Ññ | Njnj | Ŋŋ | Œœ | Øø | Ǿǿ | Ǒǒ | Ȍȍ | Ȏȏ | Ɔɔ | Ȣȣ | | Ȑȑ | Ȓȓ | ſ | ß | Ʃʃ | Ǔǔ | Ȕȕ | Ȗȗ | Ƿƿ | Ȝȝ | Ȥȥ | Ƶƶ | Ʒʒ | Ǯǯ | Þþ
"^^ . . . "243"^^ . "243"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lá-dĭng cê-mō̤: Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Qq | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz
Ô gé-hô̤ gì: Àà | Áá | Ââ | Ää | Ãã | Āā | Ąą | Ăă | Ǎǎ | Çç | Ĉĉ | Čč | Ćć | Đđ | Ďď | Èè | Éé | Êê | Ëë | Ęę | Ēē | Ĕĕ | Ėė | Ěě | Ĝĝ | Ğğ | Ġġ | Ģģ | Ǧǧ | Ĥĥ | Ħħ | Ìì | Íí | Îî | Ïï | Įį | İı | Ĩĩ | Īī | Ĭĭ | Ĵĵ | Ķķ | Ǩǩ | Ĺĺ | Ļļ | Ľľ | Ŀŀ | Łł | Ńń | Ņņ | Ňň | Òò | Óó | Ôô | Öö | Õõ | Őő | Ǫǫ | Ōō | Ŏŏ | Ơơ | Ŕŕ | Ŗŗ | Řř | Śś | Ŝŝ | Şş | Șș | Šš | Ťť | Ŧŧ | Ţţ | Țț | Ùù | Úú | Ûû | Üü | Ũũ | Ūū | Ŭŭ | Ųų | Ůů | Űű | Ưư | Ŵŵ | Ýý | Ŷŷ | Ÿÿ | Źź | Žž | Żż
guóh-diēng cê-mō̤: Ȁȁ | Ȃȃ | Ææ | Ǽǽ | Ǣǣ | Åå | Ċċ | Ðð | DZdz | Dždž | Ɛɛ | Ȅȅ | Ȇȇ | Əə | Ƒƒ | Ǥǥ | Ǧǧ | Ƣƣ | Ƕƕ | IJij | Ǐǐ | Ȉȉ | Ȋȋ | Ǩǩ | ĸ | Ljlj | LLll | ĿLŀl | Ññ | Njnj | Ŋŋ | Œœ | Øø | Ǿǿ | Ǒǒ | Ȍȍ | Ȏȏ | Ɔɔ | Ȣȣ | | Ȑȑ | Ȓȓ | ſ | ß | Ʃʃ | Ǔǔ | Ȕȕ | Ȗȗ | Ƿƿ | Ȝȝ | Ȥȥ | Ƶƶ | Ʒʒ | Ǯǯ | Þþ
"^^ . . . "168"^^ . "168"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lá-dĭng cê-mō̤: Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Qq | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz
Ô gé-hô̤ gì: Àà | Áá | Ââ | Ää | Ãã | Āā | Ąą | Ăă | Ǎǎ | Çç | Ĉĉ | Čč | Ćć | Đđ | Ďď | Èè | Éé | Êê | Ëë | Ęę | Ēē | Ĕĕ | Ėė | Ěě | Ĝĝ | Ğğ | Ġġ | Ģģ | Ǧǧ | Ĥĥ | Ħħ | Ìì | Íí | Îî | Ïï | Įį | İı | Ĩĩ | Īī | Ĭĭ | Ĵĵ | Ķķ | Ǩǩ | Ĺĺ | Ļļ | Ľľ | Ŀŀ | Łł | Ńń | Ņņ | Ňň | Òò | Óó | Ôô | Öö | Õõ | Őő | Ǫǫ | Ōō | Ŏŏ | Ơơ | Ŕŕ | Ŗŗ | Řř | Śś | Ŝŝ | Şş | Șș | Šš | Ťť | Ŧŧ | Ţţ | Țț | Ùù | Úú | Ûû | Üü | Ũũ | Ūū | Ŭŭ | Ųų | Ůů | Űű | Ưư | Ŵŵ | Ýý | Ŷŷ | Ÿÿ | Źź | Žž | Żż
guóh-diēng cê-mō̤: Ȁȁ | Ȃȃ | Ææ | Ǽǽ | Ǣǣ | Åå | Ċċ | Ðð | DZdz | Dždž | Ɛɛ | Ȅȅ | Ȇȇ | Əə | Ƒƒ | Ǥǥ | Ǧǧ | Ƣƣ | Ƕƕ | IJij | Ǐǐ | Ȉȉ | Ȋȋ | Ǩǩ | ĸ | Ljlj | LLll | ĿLŀl | Ññ | Njnj | Ŋŋ | Œœ | Øø | Ǿǿ | Ǒǒ | Ȍȍ | Ȏȏ | Ɔɔ | Ȣȣ | | Ȑȑ | Ȓȓ | ſ | ß | Ʃʃ | Ǔǔ | Ȕȕ | Ȗȗ | Ƿƿ | Ȝȝ | Ȥȥ | Ƶƶ | Ʒʒ | Ǯǯ | Þþ
"^^ . . . "168"^^ . "168"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lá-dĭng cê-mō̤: Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Qq | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz
Ô gé-hô̤ gì: Àà | Áá | Ââ | Ää | Ãã | Āā | Ąą | Ăă | Ǎǎ | Çç | Ĉĉ | Čč | Ćć | Đđ | Ďď | Èè | Éé | Êê | Ëë | Ęę | Ēē | Ĕĕ | Ėė | Ěě | Ĝĝ | Ğğ | Ġġ | Ģģ | Ǧǧ | Ĥĥ | Ħħ | Ìì | Íí | Îî | Ïï | Įį | İı | Ĩĩ | Īī | Ĭĭ | Ĵĵ | Ķķ | Ǩǩ | Ĺĺ | Ļļ | Ľľ | Ŀŀ | Łł | Ńń | Ņņ | Ňň | Òò | Óó | Ôô | Öö | Õõ | Őő | Ǫǫ | Ōō | Ŏŏ | Ơơ | Ŕŕ | Ŗŗ | Řř | Śś | Ŝŝ | Şş | Șș | Šš | Ťť | Ŧŧ | Ţţ | Țț | Ùù | Úú | Ûû | Üü | Ũũ | Ūū | Ŭŭ | Ųų | Ůů | Űű | Ưư | Ŵŵ | Ýý | Ŷŷ | Ÿÿ | Źź | Žž | Żż
guóh-diēng cê-mō̤: Ȁȁ | Ȃȃ | Ææ | Ǽǽ | Ǣǣ | Åå | Ċċ | Ðð | DZdz | Dždž | Ɛɛ | Ȅȅ | Ȇȇ | Əə | Ƒƒ | Ǥǥ | Ǧǧ | Ƣƣ | Ƕƕ | IJij | Ǐǐ | Ȉȉ | Ȋȋ | Ǩǩ | ĸ | Ljlj | LLll | ĿLŀl | Ññ | Njnj | Ŋŋ | Œœ | Øø | Ǿǿ | Ǒǒ | Ȍȍ | Ȏȏ | Ɔɔ | Ȣȣ | | Ȑȑ | Ȓȓ | ſ | ß | Ʃʃ | Ǔǔ | Ȕȕ | Ȗȗ | Ƿƿ | Ȝȝ | Ȥȥ | Ƶƶ | Ʒʒ | Ǯǯ | Þþ
"^^ . . . "216"^^ . "216"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Lá-dĭng cê-mō̤: Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Qq | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz
Ô gé-hô̤ gì: Àà | Áá | Ââ | Ää | Ãã | Āā | Ąą | Ăă | Ǎǎ | Çç | Ĉĉ | Čč | Ćć | Đđ | Ďď | Èè | Éé | Êê | Ëë | Ęę | Ēē | Ĕĕ | Ėė | Ěě | Ĝĝ | Ğğ | Ġġ | Ģģ | Ǧǧ | Ĥĥ | Ħħ | Ìì | Íí | Îî | Ïï | Įį | İı | Ĩĩ | Īī | Ĭĭ | Ĵĵ | Ķķ | Ǩǩ | Ĺĺ | Ļļ | Ľľ | Ŀŀ | Łł | Ńń | Ņņ | Ňň | Òò | Óó | Ôô | Öö | Õõ | Őő | Ǫǫ | Ōō | Ŏŏ | Ơơ | Ŕŕ | Ŗŗ | Řř | Śś | Ŝŝ | Şş | Șș | Šš | Ťť | Ŧŧ | Ţţ | Țț | Ùù | Úú | Ûû | Üü | Ũũ | Ūū | Ŭŭ | Ųų | Ůů | Űű | Ưư | Ŵŵ | Ýý | Ŷŷ | Ÿÿ | Źź | Žž | Żż
guóh-diēng cê-mō̤: Ȁȁ | Ȃȃ | Ææ | Ǽǽ | Ǣǣ | Åå | Ċċ | Ðð | DZdz | Dždž | Ɛɛ | Ȅȅ | Ȇȇ | Əə | Ƒƒ | Ǥǥ | Ǧǧ | Ƣƣ | Ƕƕ | IJij | Ǐǐ | Ȉȉ | Ȋȋ | Ǩǩ | ĸ | Ljlj | LLll | ĿLŀl | Ññ | Njnj | Ŋŋ | Œœ | Øø | Ǿǿ | Ǒǒ | Ȍȍ | Ȏȏ | Ɔɔ | Ȣȣ | | Ȑȑ | Ȓȓ | ſ | ß | Ʃʃ | Ǔǔ | Ȕȕ | Ȗȗ | Ƿƿ | Ȝȝ | Ȥȥ | Ƶƶ | Ʒʒ | Ǯǯ | Þþ
"^^ . . . "54"^^ . "54"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Sìng-lik sì-găng2002 nièng
Gāng-chĭngNàng-hāi Huà-hó
Hŏk-hâu lôi-hìngSĭ-lĭk
Hiêng-êng cĭk-hèng céng-hâu-diōngLī Ôi-dĕ̤ng
Hŏk-hâu ôi-ché̤ṳDṳ̆ng-guók Guōng-dĕ̤ng Hŭk-săng Nàng-hāi Gié-siàng
Iù-céng biĕng-mā528200
Uōng-cīhttp://www.hfedu.cn
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Chiĕng-gī:3 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī | 22 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1980 nièng-dâi | 1990 nièng-dâi | 2000 nièng-dâi | 2010 nièng-dâi | 2020 nièng-dâi | 2030 nièng-dâi | 2040 nièng-dâi
Nièng:2006 nièng | 2007 nièng | 2008 nièng | 2009 nièng | 2010 nièng | 2011 nièng | 2012 nièng | 2013 nièng | 2014 nièng | 2015 nièng | 2016 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 100 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1960 nièng-dâi | 1970 nièng-dâi | 1980 nièng-dâi | 1990 nièng-dâi | 2000 nièng-dâi | 2010 nièng-dâi | 2020 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1987 nièng | 1988 nièng | 1989 nièng | 1990 nièng | 1991 nièng | 1992 nièng | 1993 nièng | 1994 nièng | 1995 nièng | 1996 nièng | 1997 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 81 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1960 nièng-dâi | 1970 nièng-dâi | 1980 nièng-dâi | 1990 nièng-dâi | 2000 nièng-dâi | 2010 nièng-dâi | 2020 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1994 nièng | 1995 nièng | 1996 nièng | 1997 nièng | 1998 nièng | 1999 nièng | 2000 nièng | 2001 nièng | 2002 nièng | 2003 nièng | 2004 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 88 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1960 nièng-dâi | 1970 nièng-dâi | 1980 nièng-dâi | 1990 nièng-dâi | 2000 nièng-dâi | 2010 nièng-dâi | 2020 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1992 nièng | 1993 nièng | 1994 nièng | 1995 nièng | 1996 nièng | 1997 nièng | 1998 nièng | 1999 nièng | 2000 nièng | 2001 nièng | 2002 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 86 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1960 nièng-dâi | 1970 nièng-dâi | 1980 nièng-dâi | 1990 nièng-dâi | 2000 nièng-dâi | 2010 nièng-dâi | 2020 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1993 nièng | 1994 nièng | 1995 nièng | 1996 nièng | 1997 nièng | 1998 nièng | 1999 nièng | 2000 nièng | 2001 nièng | 2002 nièng | 2003 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 87 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1940 nièng-dâi | 1950 nièng-dâi | 1960 nièng-dâi | 1970 nièng-dâi | 1980 nièng-dâi | 1990 nièng-dâi | 2000 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1967 nièng | 1968 nièng | 1969 nièng | 1970 nièng | 1971 nièng | 1972 nièng | 1973 nièng | 1974 nièng | 1975 nièng | 1976 nièng | 1977 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 61 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1950 nièng-dâi | 1960 nièng-dâi | 1970 nièng-dâi | 1980 nièng-dâi | 1990 nièng-dâi | 2000 nièng-dâi | 2010 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1979 nièng | 1980 nièng | 1981 nièng | 1982 nièng | 1983 nièng | 1984 nièng | 1985 nièng | 1986 nièng | 1987 nièng | 1988 nièng | 1989 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 73 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi | 1940 nièng-dâi | 1950 nièng-dâi | 1960 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1930 nièng | 1931 nièng | 1932 nièng | 1933 nièng | 1934 nièng | 1935 nièng | 1936 nièng | 1937 nièng | 1938 nièng | 1939 nièng | 1940 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 24 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi | 1940 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1911 nièng | 1912 nièng | 1913 nièng | 1914 nièng | 1915 nièng | 1916 nièng | 1917 nièng | 1918 nièng | 1919 nièng | 1920 nièng | 1921 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 5 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi | 1940 nièng-dâi | 1950 nièng-dâi | 1960 nièng-dâi | 1970 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1938 nièng | 1939 nièng | 1940 nièng | 1941 nièng | 1942 nièng | 1943 nièng | 1944 nièng | 1945 nièng | 1946 nièng | 1947 nièng | 1948 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 32 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi | 1940 nièng-dâi | 1950 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1920 nièng | 1921 nièng | 1922 nièng | 1923 nièng | 1924 nièng | 1925 nièng | 1926 nièng | 1927 nièng | 1928 nièng | 1929 nièng | 1930 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 14 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1900 nièng | 1901 nièng | 1902 nièng | 1903 nièng | 1904 nièng | 1905 nièng | 1906 nièng | 1907 nièng | 1908 nièng | 1909 nièng | 1910 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1901 nièng | 1902 nièng | 1903 nièng | 1904 nièng | 1905 nièng | 1906 nièng | 1907 nièng | 1908 nièng | 1909 nièng | 1910 nièng | 1911 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi | 1940 nièng-dâi | 1950 nièng-dâi | 1960 nièng-dâi | 1970 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1939 nièng | 1940 nièng | 1941 nièng | 1942 nièng | 1943 nièng | 1944 nièng | 1945 nièng | 1946 nièng | 1947 nièng | 1948 nièng | 1949 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 33 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1897 nièng | 1898 nièng | 1899 nièng | 1900 nièng | 1901 nièng | 1902 nièng | 1903 nièng | 1904 nièng | 1905 nièng | 1906 nièng | 1907 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi | 1940 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1914 nièng | 1915 nièng | 1916 nièng | 1917 nièng | 1918 nièng | 1919 nièng | 1920 nièng | 1921 nièng | 1922 nièng | 1923 nièng | 1924 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 8 nièng
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Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī | 21 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi | 1930 nièng-dâi | 1940 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1912 nièng | 1913 nièng | 1914 nièng | 1915 nièng | 1916 nièng | 1917 nièng | 1918 nièng | 1919 nièng | 1920 nièng | 1921 nièng | 1922 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:Mìng-guók 6 nièng
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Lô-sĭ ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikispecies diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Lô-sĭ ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Hiŏng Êu ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikispecies diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Hiŏng Êu ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Ùng-hók Êu ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikispecies diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Ùng-hók Êu ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Lù-cṳ̀ ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikispecies diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Lù-cṳ̀ ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikimedia Commons diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Dà̤-hù ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
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Wikispecies diē-sié ô gâe̤ng Dà̤-hù ô-găng-guó gì nô̤i-ṳ̀ng.
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Cūi-dâing
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Actinopterygii
mŭk:Aulopiformes
kuŏ:Synodontidae
sṳ̆k:Harpadon
cṳ̄ng:H. nehereus
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Moscovi   115Mc\n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n \"Kĭng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hâi（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Lī\n
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\n \"Pì\n
\n
\n \"Bèng（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Táng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Dâng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Iōng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Hók\n
\n
\n \"Neon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Năk（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mī\n
\n
\n \"Lé̤ṳ（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sĭk\n
\n
\n \"Lìng\n
\n
\n \"Liù-uòng（gì-tă\n
\n
\n \"Lṳ̆k\n
\n
\n \"Ā\n
\n
\n \"Gák\n
\n
\n \"Gái\n
\n
\n \"Scandium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Titanium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Vanadium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáuk\n
\n
\n \"Mâing\n
\n
\n \"Tiék（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gū\n
\n
\n \"Ngiĕk（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dè̤ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ā-iòng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Germanium（lôi-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Piĕ\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Chéu\n
\n
\n \"Káik\n
\n
\n \"Rubidium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Strontium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Yttrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Zirconium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Niobium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Mŭk\n
\n
\n \"Technetium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ruthenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Rhodium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bă\n
\n
\n \"Ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gáik\n
\n
\n \"Indium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Sék（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dà̤\n
\n
\n \"Dá̤\n
\n
\n \"Diēng（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Să̤\n
\n
\n \"Caesium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Barium（giĕng-tū\n
\n
\n \"Lanthanum（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Cerium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Praseodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Neodymium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Promethium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Samarium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Europium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Gadolinium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Terbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Dysprosium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Holmium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Erbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thulium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Ytterbium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lutetium（lanthanum-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Hafnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Tantalum（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Ŭ\n
\n
\n \"Rhenium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Osmium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Iridium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Băh-gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Gĭng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Cūi-ngṳ̀ng（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Thallium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iòng\n
\n
\n \"Bék\n
\n
\n \"Polonium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Astatine（lū-só）\"\n
\n
\n \"Radon（hĭ-iū\n
\n
\n \"Francium（giĕng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lòi\n
\n
\n \"Actinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Thorium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Protactinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Iù\n
\n
\n \"Neptunium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Plutonium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Americium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Curium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Berkelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Californium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Einsteinium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Fermium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Mendelevium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Nobelium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Lawrencium（actinium-hiê）\"\n
\n
\n \"Rutherfordium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Dubnium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Seaborgium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Bohrium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Hassium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Meitnerium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Darmstadtium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Roentgenium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Copernicium（guó-dô\n
\n
\n \"Nihonium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Flerovium（bìng-gĭng-sṳ̆k）\"\n
\n
\n \"Moscovium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Livermorium（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Tennessine（mâ̤\n
\n
\n \"Oganesson（mâ̤\n
Bitmut
↑
Moscovi
↓
(Uhe)
Flerovi ← Moscovi → Livermori
gái-huóng
miàng-cê·hù-hô̤·sê̤ṳ-sóMoscovi (moscovium)·Mc·115
nguòng-só lôi-biékmâ̤ hiēu
but probably a post-transition metal
cŭk·ciŭ-gĭ·kṳ̆15·7·p
nguòng-cṳ̄-liông{{{atomic mass}}}
diêng-cṳ̄ bà̤-buó[Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3
2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 5
Lĭk-sṳ̄
huák-hiêngJoint Institute for Nuclear Research and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory(2003 nièng)
ŭk-lī séng-cék
ŭk-táigó-tā̤(ê̤ṳ-cháik)
mĭk-dô̤(ciék-gê̤ṳng sék-ŭng)
13.5 g·cm−3
iòng-diēng670 K,400 °C,750 °F
bé-diēng~1400 K,~1100 °C,~2000 °F
iòng iĕk5.90–5.98 kJ·mol−1
ké-huá iĕk138 kJ·mol−1
cĭng-ké-ák
nguòng-cṳ̄ séng-cék
iōng-huá-tái1, 3
((prediction))
diêng-liê-nèng

dâ̤ 1: {{{1st ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
dâ̤ 2: {{{2nd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1

dâ̤ 3: {{{3rd ionization energy}}} kJ·mol−1
nguòng-cṳ̄ buáng-géng187 pm
gê̤ṳng-gá buáng-géng156–158 pm
((extrapolated))
gì-tă
CAS hô̤54085-64-2
có̤i ūng-diâng gì dùng-ôi-só


\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
dùng-ôi-sóhŭng-dôbuáng-sŏi-gĭhuŏng-séknèng-liông（MeV）sāng-ŭk
290Mcsyn650 msα9.95286Nh
289Mcsyn330 msα10.31285Nh
288Mcsyn164 msα10.46284Nh
287Mcsyn37 msα10.59283Nh
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:Sèng 20 nièng-dâi | Sèng 10 nièng-dâi | Sèng 0 nièng-dâi | 0 nièng-dâi | 10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1 nièng | 2 nièng | 3 nièng | 4 nièng | 5 nièng | 6 nièng | 7 nièng | 8 nièng | 9 nièng | 10 nièng | 11 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:Sèng 10 nièng-dâi | Sèng 0 nièng-dâi | 0 nièng-dâi | 10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi
Nièng:12 nièng | 13 nièng | 14 nièng | 15 nièng | 16 nièng | 17 nièng | 18 nièng | 19 nièng | 20 nièng | 21 nièng | 22 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:Sèng 10 nièng-dâi | Sèng 0 nièng-dâi | 0 nièng-dâi | 10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi
Nièng:11 nièng | 12 nièng | 13 nièng | 14 nièng | 15 nièng | 16 nièng | 17 nièng | 18 nièng | 19 nièng | 20 nièng | 21 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:0 nièng-dâi | 10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi
Nièng:34 nièng | 35 nièng | 36 nièng | 37 nièng | 38 nièng | 39 nièng | 40 nièng | 41 nièng | 42 nièng | 43 nièng | 44 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:0 nièng-dâi | 10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi
Nièng:28 nièng | 29 nièng | 30 nièng | 31 nièng | 32 nièng | 33 nièng | 34 nièng | 35 nièng | 36 nièng | 37 nièng | 38 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:Sèng 0 nièng-dâi | 0 nièng-dâi | 10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi
Nièng:24 nièng | 25 nièng | 26 nièng | 27 nièng | 28 nièng | 29 nièng | 30 nièng | 31 nièng | 32 nièng | 33 nièng | 34 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi
Nièng:42 nièng | 43 nièng | 44 nièng | 45 nièng | 46 nièng | 47 nièng | 48 nièng | 49 nièng | 50 nièng | 51 nièng | 52 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi
Nièng:52 nièng | 53 nièng | 54 nièng | 55 nièng | 56 nièng | 57 nièng | 58 nièng | 59 nièng | 60 nièng | 61 nièng | 62 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi
Nièng:53 nièng | 54 nièng | 55 nièng | 56 nièng | 57 nièng | 58 nièng | 59 nièng | 60 nièng | 61 nièng | 62 nièng | 63 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:0 nièng-dâi | 10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi
Nièng:33 nièng | 34 nièng | 35 nièng | 36 nièng | 37 nièng | 38 nièng | 39 nièng | 40 nièng | 41 nièng | 42 nièng | 43 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi
Nièng:50 nièng | 51 nièng | 52 nièng | 53 nièng | 54 nièng | 55 nièng | 56 nièng | 57 nièng | 58 nièng | 59 nièng | 60 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi
Nièng:41 nièng | 42 nièng | 43 nièng | 44 nièng | 45 nièng | 46 nièng | 47 nièng | 48 nièng | 49 nièng | 50 nièng | 51 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:Sèng 0 nièng-dâi | 0 nièng-dâi | 10 nièng-dâi | 20 nièng-dâi | 30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi
Nièng:18 nièng | 19 nièng | 20 nièng | 21 nièng | 22 nièng | 23 nièng | 24 nièng | 25 nièng | 26 nièng | 27 nièng | 28 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:65 nièng | 66 nièng | 67 nièng | 68 nièng | 69 nièng | 70 nièng | 71 nièng | 72 nièng | 73 nièng | 74 nièng | 75 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:69 nièng | 70 nièng | 71 nièng | 72 nièng | 73 nièng | 74 nièng | 75 nièng | 76 nièng | 77 nièng | 78 nièng | 79 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi
Nièng:63 nièng | 64 nièng | 65 nièng | 66 nièng | 67 nièng | 68 nièng | 69 nièng | 70 nièng | 71 nièng | 72 nièng | 73 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:68 nièng | 69 nièng | 70 nièng | 71 nièng | 72 nièng | 73 nièng | 74 nièng | 75 nièng | 76 nièng | 77 nièng | 78 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi
Nièng:60 nièng | 61 nièng | 62 nièng | 63 nièng | 64 nièng | 65 nièng | 66 nièng | 67 nièng | 68 nièng | 69 nièng | 70 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:67 nièng | 68 nièng | 69 nièng | 70 nièng | 71 nièng | 72 nièng | 73 nièng | 74 nièng | 75 nièng | 76 nièng | 77 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:30 nièng-dâi | 40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi
Nièng:58 nièng | 59 nièng | 60 nièng | 61 nièng | 62 nièng | 63 nièng | 64 nièng | 65 nièng | 66 nièng | 67 nièng | 68 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:71 nièng | 72 nièng | 73 nièng | 74 nièng | 75 nièng | 76 nièng | 77 nièng | 78 nièng | 79 nièng | 80 nièng | 81 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi
Nièng:81 nièng | 82 nièng | 83 nièng | 84 nièng | 85 nièng | 86 nièng | 87 nièng | 88 nièng | 89 nièng | 90 nièng | 91 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:40 nièng-dâi | 50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:72 nièng | 73 nièng | 74 nièng | 75 nièng | 76 nièng | 77 nièng | 78 nièng | 79 nièng | 80 nièng | 81 nièng | 82 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi
Nièng:102 nièng | 103 nièng | 104 nièng | 105 nièng | 106 nièng | 107 nièng | 108 nièng | 109 nièng | 110 nièng | 111 nièng | 112 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi
Nièng:109 nièng | 110 nièng | 111 nièng | 112 nièng | 113 nièng | 114 nièng | 115 nièng | 116 nièng | 117 nièng | 118 nièng | 119 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:50 nièng-dâi | 60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi
Nièng:80 nièng | 81 nièng | 82 nièng | 83 nièng | 84 nièng | 85 nièng | 86 nièng | 87 nièng | 88 nièng | 89 nièng | 90 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi
Nièng:101 nièng | 102 nièng | 103 nièng | 104 nièng | 105 nièng | 106 nièng | 107 nièng | 108 nièng | 109 nièng | 110 nièng | 111 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi
Nièng:110 nièng | 111 nièng | 112 nièng | 113 nièng | 114 nièng | 115 nièng | 116 nièng | 117 nièng | 118 nièng | 119 nièng | 120 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi
Nièng:96 nièng | 97 nièng | 98 nièng | 99 nièng | 100 nièng | 101 nièng | 102 nièng | 103 nièng | 104 nièng | 105 nièng | 106 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:Sèng 1 sié-gī | 1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:60 nièng-dâi | 70 nièng-dâi | 80 nièng-dâi | 90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi
Nièng:90 nièng | 91 nièng | 92 nièng | 93 nièng | 94 nièng | 95 nièng | 96 nièng | 97 nièng | 98 nièng | 99 nièng | 100 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi
Nièng:126 nièng | 127 nièng | 128 nièng | 129 nièng | 130 nièng | 131 nièng | 132 nièng | 133 nièng | 134 nièng | 135 nièng | 136 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi
Nièng:139 nièng | 140 nièng | 141 nièng | 142 nièng | 143 nièng | 144 nièng | 145 nièng | 146 nièng | 147 nièng | 148 nièng | 149 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi
Nièng:141 nièng | 142 nièng | 143 nièng | 144 nièng | 145 nièng | 146 nièng | 147 nièng | 148 nièng | 149 nièng | 150 nièng | 151 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi
Nièng:154 nièng | 155 nièng | 156 nièng | 157 nièng | 158 nièng | 159 nièng | 160 nièng | 161 nièng | 162 nièng | 163 nièng | 164 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi
Nièng:170 nièng | 171 nièng | 172 nièng | 173 nièng | 174 nièng | 175 nièng | 176 nièng | 177 nièng | 178 nièng | 179 nièng | 180 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:90 nièng-dâi | 100 nièng-dâi | 110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi
Nièng:121 nièng | 122 nièng | 123 nièng | 124 nièng | 125 nièng | 126 nièng | 127 nièng | 128 nièng | 129 nièng | 130 nièng | 131 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi
Nièng:155 nièng | 156 nièng | 157 nièng | 158 nièng | 159 nièng | 160 nièng | 161 nièng | 162 nièng | 163 nièng | 164 nièng | 165 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi
Nièng:159 nièng | 160 nièng | 161 nièng | 162 nièng | 163 nièng | 164 nièng | 165 nièng | 166 nièng | 167 nièng | 168 nièng | 169 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi
Nièng:146 nièng | 147 nièng | 148 nièng | 149 nièng | 150 nièng | 151 nièng | 152 nièng | 153 nièng | 154 nièng | 155 nièng | 156 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:110 nièng-dâi | 120 nièng-dâi | 130 nièng-dâi | 140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi
Nièng:135 nièng | 136 nièng | 137 nièng | 138 nièng | 139 nièng | 140 nièng | 141 nièng | 142 nièng | 143 nièng | 144 nièng | 145 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi
Nièng:196 nièng | 197 nièng | 198 nièng | 199 nièng | 200 nièng | 201 nièng | 202 nièng | 203 nièng | 204 nièng | 205 nièng | 206 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi
Nièng:193 nièng | 194 nièng | 195 nièng | 196 nièng | 197 nièng | 198 nièng | 199 nièng | 200 nièng | 201 nièng | 202 nièng | 203 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi
Nièng:182 nièng | 183 nièng | 184 nièng | 185 nièng | 186 nièng | 187 nièng | 188 nièng | 189 nièng | 190 nièng | 191 nièng | 192 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:140 nièng-dâi | 150 nièng-dâi | 160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi
Nièng:171 nièng | 172 nièng | 173 nièng | 174 nièng | 175 nièng | 176 nièng | 177 nièng | 178 nièng | 179 nièng | 180 nièng | 181 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi
Nièng:206 nièng | 207 nièng | 208 nièng | 209 nièng | 210 nièng | 211 nièng | 212 nièng | 213 nièng | 214 nièng | 215 nièng | 216 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:1 sié-gī | 2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:160 nièng-dâi | 170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi
Nièng:194 nièng | 195 nièng | 196 nièng | 197 nièng | 198 nièng | 199 nièng | 200 nièng | 201 nièng | 202 nièng | 203 nièng | 204 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi
Nièng:218 nièng | 219 nièng | 220 nièng | 221 nièng | 222 nièng | 223 nièng | 224 nièng | 225 nièng | 226 nièng | 227 nièng | 228 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi
Nièng:241 nièng | 242 nièng | 243 nièng | 244 nièng | 245 nièng | 246 nièng | 247 nièng | 248 nièng | 249 nièng | 250 nièng | 251 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:170 nièng-dâi | 180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi
Nièng:202 nièng | 203 nièng | 204 nièng | 205 nièng | 206 nièng | 207 nièng | 208 nièng | 209 nièng | 210 nièng | 211 nièng | 212 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi
Nièng:208 nièng | 209 nièng | 210 nièng | 211 nièng | 212 nièng | 213 nièng | 214 nièng | 215 nièng | 216 nièng | 217 nièng | 218 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi
Nièng:245 nièng | 246 nièng | 247 nièng | 248 nièng | 249 nièng | 250 nièng | 251 nièng | 252 nièng | 253 nièng | 254 nièng | 255 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi
Nièng:217 nièng | 218 nièng | 219 nièng | 220 nièng | 221 nièng | 222 nièng | 223 nièng | 224 nièng | 225 nièng | 226 nièng | 227 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi
Nièng:249 nièng | 250 nièng | 251 nièng | 252 nièng | 253 nièng | 254 nièng | 255 nièng | 256 nièng | 257 nièng | 258 nièng | 259 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:180 nièng-dâi | 190 nièng-dâi | 200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi
Nièng:213 nièng | 214 nièng | 215 nièng | 216 nièng | 217 nièng | 218 nièng | 219 nièng | 220 nièng | 221 nièng | 222 nièng | 223 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi
Nièng:262 nièng | 263 nièng | 264 nièng | 265 nièng | 266 nièng | 267 nièng | 268 nièng | 269 nièng | 270 nièng | 271 nièng | 272 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi
Nièng:253 nièng | 254 nièng | 255 nièng | 256 nièng | 257 nièng | 258 nièng | 259 nièng | 260 nièng | 261 nièng | 262 nièng | 263 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi
Nièng:259 nièng | 260 nièng | 261 nièng | 262 nièng | 263 nièng | 264 nièng | 265 nièng | 266 nièng | 267 nièng | 268 nièng | 269 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi
Nièng:273 nièng | 274 nièng | 275 nièng | 276 nièng | 277 nièng | 278 nièng | 279 nièng | 280 nièng | 281 nièng | 282 nièng | 283 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi
Nièng:256 nièng | 257 nièng | 258 nièng | 259 nièng | 260 nièng | 261 nièng | 262 nièng | 263 nièng | 264 nièng | 265 nièng | 266 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi
Nièng:269 nièng | 270 nièng | 271 nièng | 272 nièng | 273 nièng | 274 nièng | 275 nièng | 276 nièng | 277 nièng | 278 nièng | 279 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:200 nièng-dâi | 210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi
Nièng:233 nièng | 234 nièng | 235 nièng | 236 nièng | 237 nièng | 238 nièng | 239 nièng | 240 nièng | 241 nièng | 242 nièng | 243 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi
Nièng:287 nièng | 288 nièng | 289 nièng | 290 nièng | 291 nièng | 292 nièng | 293 nièng | 294 nièng | 295 nièng | 296 nièng | 297 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:210 nièng-dâi | 220 nièng-dâi | 230 nièng-dâi | 240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi
Nièng:239 nièng | 240 nièng | 241 nièng | 242 nièng | 243 nièng | 244 nièng | 245 nièng | 246 nièng | 247 nièng | 248 nièng | 249 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:240 nièng-dâi | 250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi
Nièng:274 nièng | 275 nièng | 276 nièng | 277 nièng | 278 nièng | 279 nièng | 280 nièng | 281 nièng | 282 nièng | 283 nièng | 284 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi
Nièng:275 nièng | 276 nièng | 277 nièng | 278 nièng | 279 nièng | 280 nièng | 281 nièng | 282 nièng | 283 nièng | 284 nièng | 285 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:250 nièng-dâi | 260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi
Nièng:283 nièng | 284 nièng | 285 nièng | 286 nièng | 287 nièng | 288 nièng | 289 nièng | 290 nièng | 291 nièng | 292 nièng | 293 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi
Nièng:311 nièng | 312 nièng | 313 nièng | 314 nièng | 315 nièng | 316 nièng | 317 nièng | 318 nièng | 319 nièng | 320 nièng | 321 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi
Nièng:303 nièng | 304 nièng | 305 nièng | 306 nièng | 307 nièng | 308 nièng | 309 nièng | 310 nièng | 311 nièng | 312 nièng | 313 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi
Nièng:302 nièng | 303 nièng | 304 nièng | 305 nièng | 306 nièng | 307 nièng | 308 nièng | 309 nièng | 310 nièng | 311 nièng | 312 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi
Nièng:315 nièng | 316 nièng | 317 nièng | 318 nièng | 319 nièng | 320 nièng | 321 nièng | 322 nièng | 323 nièng | 324 nièng | 325 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:2 sié-gī | 3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:260 nièng-dâi | 270 nièng-dâi | 280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi
Nièng:291 nièng | 292 nièng | 293 nièng | 294 nièng | 295 nièng | 296 nièng | 297 nièng | 298 nièng | 299 nièng | 300 nièng | 301 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi
Nièng:345 nièng | 346 nièng | 347 nièng | 348 nièng | 349 nièng | 350 nièng | 351 nièng | 352 nièng | 353 nièng | 354 nièng | 355 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi
Nièng:349 nièng | 350 nièng | 351 nièng | 352 nièng | 353 nièng | 354 nièng | 355 nièng | 356 nièng | 357 nièng | 358 nièng | 359 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi
Nièng:354 nièng | 355 nièng | 356 nièng | 357 nièng | 358 nièng | 359 nièng | 360 nièng | 361 nièng | 362 nièng | 363 nièng | 364 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:280 nièng-dâi | 290 nièng-dâi | 300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi
Nièng:314 nièng | 315 nièng | 316 nièng | 317 nièng | 318 nièng | 319 nièng | 320 nièng | 321 nièng | 322 nièng | 323 nièng | 324 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi
Nièng:364 nièng | 365 nièng | 366 nièng | 367 nièng | 368 nièng | 369 nièng | 370 nièng | 371 nièng | 372 nièng | 373 nièng | 374 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi
Nièng:411 nièng | 412 nièng | 413 nièng | 414 nièng | 415 nièng | 416 nièng | 417 nièng | 418 nièng | 419 nièng | 420 nièng | 421 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi
Nièng:431 nièng | 432 nièng | 433 nièng | 434 nièng | 435 nièng | 436 nièng | 437 nièng | 438 nièng | 439 nièng | 440 nièng | 441 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi
Nièng:421 nièng | 422 nièng | 423 nièng | 424 nièng | 425 nièng | 426 nièng | 427 nièng | 428 nièng | 429 nièng | 430 nièng | 431 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi
Nièng:391 nièng | 392 nièng | 393 nièng | 394 nièng | 395 nièng | 396 nièng | 397 nièng | 398 nièng | 399 nièng | 400 nièng | 401 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi
Nièng:413 nièng | 414 nièng | 415 nièng | 416 nièng | 417 nièng | 418 nièng | 419 nièng | 420 nièng | 421 nièng | 422 nièng | 423 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi
Nièng:398 nièng | 399 nièng | 400 nièng | 401 nièng | 402 nièng | 403 nièng | 404 nièng | 405 nièng | 406 nièng | 407 nièng | 408 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi
Nièng:396 nièng | 397 nièng | 398 nièng | 399 nièng | 400 nièng | 401 nièng | 402 nièng | 403 nièng | 404 nièng | 405 nièng | 406 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi
Nièng:395 nièng | 396 nièng | 397 nièng | 398 nièng | 399 nièng | 400 nièng | 401 nièng | 402 nièng | 403 nièng | 404 nièng | 405 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi
Nièng:392 nièng | 393 nièng | 394 nièng | 395 nièng | 396 nièng | 397 nièng | 398 nièng | 399 nièng | 400 nièng | 401 nièng | 402 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi
Nièng:387 nièng | 388 nièng | 389 nièng | 390 nièng | 391 nièng | 392 nièng | 393 nièng | 394 nièng | 395 nièng | 396 nièng | 397 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi
Nièng:378 nièng | 379 nièng | 380 nièng | 381 nièng | 382 nièng | 383 nièng | 384 nièng | 385 nièng | 386 nièng | 387 nièng | 388 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi
Nièng:380 nièng | 381 nièng | 382 nièng | 383 nièng | 384 nièng | 385 nièng | 386 nièng | 387 nièng | 388 nièng | 389 nièng | 390 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi
Nièng:373 nièng | 374 nièng | 375 nièng | 376 nièng | 377 nièng | 378 nièng | 379 nièng | 380 nièng | 381 nièng | 382 nièng | 383 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi
Nièng:377 nièng | 378 nièng | 379 nièng | 380 nièng | 381 nièng | 382 nièng | 383 nièng | 384 nièng | 385 nièng | 386 nièng | 387 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi
Nièng:385 nièng | 386 nièng | 387 nièng | 388 nièng | 389 nièng | 390 nièng | 391 nièng | 392 nièng | 393 nièng | 394 nièng | 395 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi
Nièng:343 nièng | 344 nièng | 345 nièng | 346 nièng | 347 nièng | 348 nièng | 349 nièng | 350 nièng | 351 nièng | 352 nièng | 353 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:300 nièng-dâi | 310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi
Nièng:329 nièng | 330 nièng | 331 nièng | 332 nièng | 333 nièng | 334 nièng | 335 nièng | 336 nièng | 337 nièng | 338 nièng | 339 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:310 nièng-dâi | 320 nièng-dâi | 330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi
Nièng:341 nièng | 342 nièng | 343 nièng | 344 nièng | 345 nièng | 346 nièng | 347 nièng | 348 nièng | 349 nièng | 350 nièng | 351 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:330 nièng-dâi | 340 nièng-dâi | 350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi
Nièng:357 nièng | 358 nièng | 359 nièng | 360 nièng | 361 nièng | 362 nièng | 363 nièng | 364 nièng | 365 nièng | 366 nièng | 367 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:3 sié-gī | 4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:350 nièng-dâi | 360 nièng-dâi | 370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi
Nièng:376 nièng | 377 nièng | 378 nièng | 379 nièng | 380 nièng | 381 nièng | 382 nièng | 383 nièng | 384 nièng | 385 nièng | 386 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:370 nièng-dâi | 380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi
Nièng:402 nièng | 403 nièng | 404 nièng | 405 nièng | 406 nièng | 407 nièng | 408 nièng | 409 nièng | 410 nièng | 411 nièng | 412 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi
Nièng:409 nièng | 410 nièng | 411 nièng | 412 nièng | 413 nièng | 414 nièng | 415 nièng | 416 nièng | 417 nièng | 418 nièng | 419 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:380 nièng-dâi | 390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi
Nièng:406 nièng | 407 nièng | 408 nièng | 409 nièng | 410 nièng | 411 nièng | 412 nièng | 413 nièng | 414 nièng | 415 nièng | 416 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi
Nièng:434 nièng | 435 nièng | 436 nièng | 437 nièng | 438 nièng | 439 nièng | 440 nièng | 441 nièng | 442 nièng | 443 nièng | 444 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi
Nièng:435 nièng | 436 nièng | 437 nièng | 438 nièng | 439 nièng | 440 nièng | 441 nièng | 442 nièng | 443 nièng | 444 nièng | 445 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi
Nièng:441 nièng | 442 nièng | 443 nièng | 444 nièng | 445 nièng | 446 nièng | 447 nièng | 448 nièng | 449 nièng | 450 nièng | 451 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi
Nièng:448 nièng | 449 nièng | 450 nièng | 451 nièng | 452 nièng | 453 nièng | 454 nièng | 455 nièng | 456 nièng | 457 nièng | 458 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:390 nièng-dâi | 400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi
Nièng:417 nièng | 418 nièng | 419 nièng | 420 nièng | 421 nièng | 422 nièng | 423 nièng | 424 nièng | 425 nièng | 426 nièng | 427 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:400 nièng-dâi | 410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi
Nièng:429 nièng | 430 nièng | 431 nièng | 432 nièng | 433 nièng | 434 nièng | 435 nièng | 436 nièng | 437 nièng | 438 nièng | 439 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi
Nièng:461 nièng | 462 nièng | 463 nièng | 464 nièng | 465 nièng | 466 nièng | 467 nièng | 468 nièng | 469 nièng | 470 nièng | 471 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi
Nièng:456 nièng | 457 nièng | 458 nièng | 459 nièng | 460 nièng | 461 nièng | 462 nièng | 463 nièng | 464 nièng | 465 nièng | 466 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi
Nièng:452 nièng | 453 nièng | 454 nièng | 455 nièng | 456 nièng | 457 nièng | 458 nièng | 459 nièng | 460 nièng | 461 nièng | 462 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi
Nièng:467 nièng | 468 nièng | 469 nièng | 470 nièng | 471 nièng | 472 nièng | 473 nièng | 474 nièng | 475 nièng | 476 nièng | 477 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi
Nièng:465 nièng | 466 nièng | 467 nièng | 468 nièng | 469 nièng | 470 nièng | 471 nièng | 472 nièng | 473 nièng | 474 nièng | 475 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:410 nièng-dâi | 420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi
Nièng:443 nièng | 444 nièng | 445 nièng | 446 nièng | 447 nièng | 448 nièng | 449 nièng | 450 nièng | 451 nièng | 452 nièng | 453 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi
Nièng:469 nièng | 470 nièng | 471 nièng | 472 nièng | 473 nièng | 474 nièng | 475 nièng | 476 nièng | 477 nièng | 478 nièng | 479 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi
Nièng:472 nièng | 473 nièng | 474 nièng | 475 nièng | 476 nièng | 477 nièng | 478 nièng | 479 nièng | 480 nièng | 481 nièng | 482 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:420 nièng-dâi | 430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi
Nièng:451 nièng | 452 nièng | 453 nièng | 454 nièng | 455 nièng | 456 nièng | 457 nièng | 458 nièng | 459 nièng | 460 nièng | 461 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi
Nièng:482 nièng | 483 nièng | 484 nièng | 485 nièng | 486 nièng | 487 nièng | 488 nièng | 489 nièng | 490 nièng | 491 nièng | 492 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi
Nièng:470 nièng | 471 nièng | 472 nièng | 473 nièng | 474 nièng | 475 nièng | 476 nièng | 477 nièng | 478 nièng | 479 nièng | 480 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi
Nièng:477 nièng | 478 nièng | 479 nièng | 480 nièng | 481 nièng | 482 nièng | 483 nièng | 484 nièng | 485 nièng | 486 nièng | 487 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi
Nièng:493 nièng | 494 nièng | 495 nièng | 496 nièng | 497 nièng | 498 nièng | 499 nièng | 500 nièng | 501 nièng | 502 nièng | 503 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi
Nièng:484 nièng | 485 nièng | 486 nièng | 487 nièng | 488 nièng | 489 nièng | 490 nièng | 491 nièng | 492 nièng | 493 nièng | 494 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi
Nièng:507 nièng | 508 nièng | 509 nièng | 510 nièng | 511 nièng | 512 nièng | 513 nièng | 514 nièng | 515 nièng | 516 nièng | 517 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi
Nièng:490 nièng | 491 nièng | 492 nièng | 493 nièng | 494 nièng | 495 nièng | 496 nièng | 497 nièng | 498 nièng | 499 nièng | 500 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi
Nièng:500 nièng | 501 nièng | 502 nièng | 503 nièng | 504 nièng | 505 nièng | 506 nièng | 507 nièng | 508 nièng | 509 nièng | 510 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:430 nièng-dâi | 440 nièng-dâi | 450 nièng-dâi | 460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi
Nièng:462 nièng | 463 nièng | 464 nièng | 465 nièng | 466 nièng | 467 nièng | 468 nièng | 469 nièng | 470 nièng | 471 nièng | 472 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi
Nièng:593 nièng | 594 nièng | 595 nièng | 596 nièng | 597 nièng | 598 nièng | 599 nièng | 600 nièng | 601 nièng | 602 nièng | 603 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi
Nièng:580 nièng | 581 nièng | 582 nièng | 583 nièng | 584 nièng | 585 nièng | 586 nièng | 587 nièng | 588 nièng | 589 nièng | 590 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi
Nièng:541 nièng | 542 nièng | 543 nièng | 544 nièng | 545 nièng | 546 nièng | 547 nièng | 548 nièng | 549 nièng | 550 nièng | 551 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi
Nièng:560 nièng | 561 nièng | 562 nièng | 563 nièng | 564 nièng | 565 nièng | 566 nièng | 567 nièng | 568 nièng | 569 nièng | 570 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi
Nièng:589 nièng | 590 nièng | 591 nièng | 592 nièng | 593 nièng | 594 nièng | 595 nièng | 596 nièng | 597 nièng | 598 nièng | 599 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi
Nièng:566 nièng | 567 nièng | 568 nièng | 569 nièng | 570 nièng | 571 nièng | 572 nièng | 573 nièng | 574 nièng | 575 nièng | 576 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi
Nièng:556 nièng | 557 nièng | 558 nièng | 559 nièng | 560 nièng | 561 nièng | 562 nièng | 563 nièng | 564 nièng | 565 nièng | 566 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi
Nièng:534 nièng | 535 nièng | 536 nièng | 537 nièng | 538 nièng | 539 nièng | 540 nièng | 541 nièng | 542 nièng | 543 nièng | 544 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi
Nièng:537 nièng | 538 nièng | 539 nièng | 540 nièng | 541 nièng | 542 nièng | 543 nièng | 544 nièng | 545 nièng | 546 nièng | 547 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi
Nièng:550 nièng | 551 nièng | 552 nièng | 553 nièng | 554 nièng | 555 nièng | 556 nièng | 557 nièng | 558 nièng | 559 nièng | 560 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi
Nièng:532 nièng | 533 nièng | 534 nièng | 535 nièng | 536 nièng | 537 nièng | 538 nièng | 539 nièng | 540 nièng | 541 nièng | 542 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi
Nièng:511 nièng | 512 nièng | 513 nièng | 514 nièng | 515 nièng | 516 nièng | 517 nièng | 518 nièng | 519 nièng | 520 nièng | 521 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi | 550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi
Nièng:525 nièng | 526 nièng | 527 nièng | 528 nièng | 529 nièng | 530 nièng | 531 nièng | 532 nièng | 533 nièng | 534 nièng | 535 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:4 sié-gī | 5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:460 nièng-dâi | 470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi
Nièng:486 nièng | 487 nièng | 488 nièng | 489 nièng | 490 nièng | 491 nièng | 492 nièng | 493 nièng | 494 nièng | 495 nièng | 496 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:470 nièng-dâi | 480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi
Nièng:501 nièng | 502 nièng | 503 nièng | 504 nièng | 505 nièng | 506 nièng | 507 nièng | 508 nièng | 509 nièng | 510 nièng | 511 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:480 nièng-dâi | 490 nièng-dâi | 500 nièng-dâi | 510 nièng-dâi | 520 nièng-dâi | 530 nièng-dâi | 540 nièng-dâi
Nièng:513 nièng | 514 nièng | 515 nièng | 516 nièng | 517 nièng | 518 nièng | 519 nièng | 520 nièng | 521 nièng | 522 nièng | 523 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi
Nièng:596 nièng | 597 nièng | 598 nièng | 599 nièng | 600 nièng | 601 nièng | 602 nièng | 603 nièng | 604 nièng | 605 nièng | 606 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi
Nièng:608 nièng | 609 nièng | 610 nièng | 611 nièng | 612 nièng | 613 nièng | 614 nièng | 615 nièng | 616 nièng | 617 nièng | 618 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:5 sié-gī | 6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:550 nièng-dâi | 560 nièng-dâi | 570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi
Nièng:579 nièng | 580 nièng | 581 nièng | 582 nièng | 583 nièng | 584 nièng | 585 nièng | 586 nièng | 587 nièng | 588 nièng | 589 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:570 nièng-dâi | 580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi
Nièng:602 nièng | 603 nièng | 604 nièng | 605 nièng | 606 nièng | 607 nièng | 608 nièng | 609 nièng | 610 nièng | 611 nièng | 612 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi
Nièng:613 nièng | 614 nièng | 615 nièng | 616 nièng | 617 nièng | 618 nièng | 619 nièng | 620 nièng | 621 nièng | 622 nièng | 623 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:580 nièng-dâi | 590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi
Nièng:614 nièng | 615 nièng | 616 nièng | 617 nièng | 618 nièng | 619 nièng | 620 nièng | 621 nièng | 622 nièng | 623 nièng | 624 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi
Nièng:629 nièng | 630 nièng | 631 nièng | 632 nièng | 633 nièng | 634 nièng | 635 nièng | 636 nièng | 637 nièng | 638 nièng | 639 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi
Nièng:637 nièng | 638 nièng | 639 nièng | 640 nièng | 641 nièng | 642 nièng | 643 nièng | 644 nièng | 645 nièng | 646 nièng | 647 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi
Nièng:645 nièng | 646 nièng | 647 nièng | 648 nièng | 649 nièng | 650 nièng | 651 nièng | 652 nièng | 653 nièng | 654 nièng | 655 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi
Nièng:627 nièng | 628 nièng | 629 nièng | 630 nièng | 631 nièng | 632 nièng | 633 nièng | 634 nièng | 635 nièng | 636 nièng | 637 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi
Nièng:644 nièng | 645 nièng | 646 nièng | 647 nièng | 648 nièng | 649 nièng | 650 nièng | 651 nièng | 652 nièng | 653 nièng | 654 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:590 nièng-dâi | 600 nièng-dâi | 610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi
Nièng:620 nièng | 621 nièng | 622 nièng | 623 nièng | 624 nièng | 625 nièng | 626 nièng | 627 nièng | 628 nièng | 629 nièng | 630 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi
Nièng:669 nièng | 670 nièng | 671 nièng | 672 nièng | 673 nièng | 674 nièng | 675 nièng | 676 nièng | 677 nièng | 678 nièng | 679 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:610 nièng-dâi | 620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi
Nièng:639 nièng | 640 nièng | 641 nièng | 642 nièng | 643 nièng | 644 nièng | 645 nièng | 646 nièng | 647 nièng | 648 nièng | 649 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi
Nièng:658 nièng | 659 nièng | 660 nièng | 661 nièng | 662 nièng | 663 nièng | 664 nièng | 665 nièng | 666 nièng | 667 nièng | 668 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi
Nièng:667 nièng | 668 nièng | 669 nièng | 670 nièng | 671 nièng | 672 nièng | 673 nièng | 674 nièng | 675 nièng | 676 nièng | 677 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi
Nièng:649 nièng | 650 nièng | 651 nièng | 652 nièng | 653 nièng | 654 nièng | 655 nièng | 656 nièng | 657 nièng | 658 nièng | 659 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:620 nièng-dâi | 630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi
Nièng:646 nièng | 647 nièng | 648 nièng | 649 nièng | 650 nièng | 651 nièng | 652 nièng | 653 nièng | 654 nièng | 655 nièng | 656 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi
Nièng:672 nièng | 673 nièng | 674 nièng | 675 nièng | 676 nièng | 677 nièng | 678 nièng | 679 nièng | 680 nièng | 681 nièng | 682 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi
Nièng:671 nièng | 672 nièng | 673 nièng | 674 nièng | 675 nièng | 676 nièng | 677 nièng | 678 nièng | 679 nièng | 680 nièng | 681 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi
Nièng:679 nièng | 680 nièng | 681 nièng | 682 nièng | 683 nièng | 684 nièng | 685 nièng | 686 nièng | 687 nièng | 688 nièng | 689 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi
Nièng:655 nièng | 656 nièng | 657 nièng | 658 nièng | 659 nièng | 660 nièng | 661 nièng | 662 nièng | 663 nièng | 664 nièng | 665 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi
Nièng:660 nièng | 661 nièng | 662 nièng | 663 nièng | 664 nièng | 665 nièng | 666 nièng | 667 nièng | 668 nièng | 669 nièng | 670 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:630 nièng-dâi | 640 nièng-dâi | 650 nièng-dâi | 660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi
Nièng:662 nièng | 663 nièng | 664 nièng | 665 nièng | 666 nièng | 667 nièng | 668 nièng | 669 nièng | 670 nièng | 671 nièng | 672 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi
Nièng:696 nièng | 697 nièng | 698 nièng | 699 nièng | 700 nièng | 701 nièng | 702 nièng | 703 nièng | 704 nièng | 705 nièng | 706 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi
Nièng:691 nièng | 692 nièng | 693 nièng | 694 nièng | 695 nièng | 696 nièng | 697 nièng | 698 nièng | 699 nièng | 700 nièng | 701 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi
Nièng:723 nièng | 724 nièng | 725 nièng | 726 nièng | 727 nièng | 728 nièng | 729 nièng | 730 nièng | 731 nièng | 732 nièng | 733 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:6 sié-gī | 7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:660 nièng-dâi | 670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi
Nièng:685 nièng | 686 nièng | 687 nièng | 688 nièng | 689 nièng | 690 nièng | 691 nièng | 692 nièng | 693 nièng | 694 nièng | 695 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi
Nièng:704 nièng | 705 nièng | 706 nièng | 707 nièng | 708 nièng | 709 nièng | 710 nièng | 711 nièng | 712 nièng | 713 nièng | 714 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi
Nièng:701 nièng | 702 nièng | 703 nièng | 704 nièng | 705 nièng | 706 nièng | 707 nièng | 708 nièng | 709 nièng | 710 nièng | 711 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:670 nièng-dâi | 680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi
Nièng:703 nièng | 704 nièng | 705 nièng | 706 nièng | 707 nièng | 708 nièng | 709 nièng | 710 nièng | 711 nièng | 712 nièng | 713 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi
Nièng:727 nièng | 728 nièng | 729 nièng | 730 nièng | 731 nièng | 732 nièng | 733 nièng | 734 nièng | 735 nièng | 736 nièng | 737 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi
Nièng:739 nièng | 740 nièng | 741 nièng | 742 nièng | 743 nièng | 744 nièng | 745 nièng | 746 nièng | 747 nièng | 748 nièng | 749 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi
Nièng:715 nièng | 716 nièng | 717 nièng | 718 nièng | 719 nièng | 720 nièng | 721 nièng | 722 nièng | 723 nièng | 724 nièng | 725 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:680 nièng-dâi | 690 nièng-dâi | 700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi
Nièng:714 nièng | 715 nièng | 716 nièng | 717 nièng | 718 nièng | 719 nièng | 720 nièng | 721 nièng | 722 nièng | 723 nièng | 724 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:700 nièng-dâi | 710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi
Nièng:728 nièng | 729 nièng | 730 nièng | 731 nièng | 732 nièng | 733 nièng | 734 nièng | 735 nièng | 736 nièng | 737 nièng | 738 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi
Nièng:742 nièng | 743 nièng | 744 nièng | 745 nièng | 746 nièng | 747 nièng | 748 nièng | 749 nièng | 750 nièng | 751 nièng | 752 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi
Nièng:744 nièng | 745 nièng | 746 nièng | 747 nièng | 748 nièng | 749 nièng | 750 nièng | 751 nièng | 752 nièng | 753 nièng | 754 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi
Nièng:737 nièng | 738 nièng | 739 nièng | 740 nièng | 741 nièng | 742 nièng | 743 nièng | 744 nièng | 745 nièng | 746 nièng | 747 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi
Nièng:767 nièng | 768 nièng | 769 nièng | 770 nièng | 771 nièng | 772 nièng | 773 nièng | 774 nièng | 775 nièng | 776 nièng | 777 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi
Nièng:736 nièng | 737 nièng | 738 nièng | 739 nièng | 740 nièng | 741 nièng | 742 nièng | 743 nièng | 744 nièng | 745 nièng | 746 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi
Nièng:764 nièng | 765 nièng | 766 nièng | 767 nièng | 768 nièng | 769 nièng | 770 nièng | 771 nièng | 772 nièng | 773 nièng | 774 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi
Nièng:745 nièng | 746 nièng | 747 nièng | 748 nièng | 749 nièng | 750 nièng | 751 nièng | 752 nièng | 753 nièng | 754 nièng | 755 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi
Nièng:743 nièng | 744 nièng | 745 nièng | 746 nièng | 747 nièng | 748 nièng | 749 nièng | 750 nièng | 751 nièng | 752 nièng | 753 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:710 nièng-dâi | 720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi
Nièng:741 nièng | 742 nièng | 743 nièng | 744 nièng | 745 nièng | 746 nièng | 747 nièng | 748 nièng | 749 nièng | 750 nièng | 751 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi
Nièng:770 nièng | 771 nièng | 772 nièng | 773 nièng | 774 nièng | 775 nièng | 776 nièng | 777 nièng | 778 nièng | 779 nièng | 780 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:720 nièng-dâi | 730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi
Nièng:754 nièng | 755 nièng | 756 nièng | 757 nièng | 758 nièng | 759 nièng | 760 nièng | 761 nièng | 762 nièng | 763 nièng | 764 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:730 nièng-dâi | 740 nièng-dâi | 750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi
Nièng:756 nièng | 757 nièng | 758 nièng | 759 nièng | 760 nièng | 761 nièng | 762 nièng | 763 nièng | 764 nièng | 765 nièng | 766 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi
Nièng:801 nièng | 802 nièng | 803 nièng | 804 nièng | 805 nièng | 806 nièng | 807 nièng | 808 nièng | 809 nièng | 810 nièng | 811 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi
Nièng:799 nièng | 800 nièng | 801 nièng | 802 nièng | 803 nièng | 804 nièng | 805 nièng | 806 nièng | 807 nièng | 808 nièng | 809 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi
Nièng:818 nièng | 819 nièng | 820 nièng | 821 nièng | 822 nièng | 823 nièng | 824 nièng | 825 nièng | 826 nièng | 827 nièng | 828 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi
Nièng:776 nièng | 777 nièng | 778 nièng | 779 nièng | 780 nièng | 781 nièng | 782 nièng | 783 nièng | 784 nièng | 785 nièng | 786 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:750 nièng-dâi | 760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi
Nièng:775 nièng | 776 nièng | 777 nièng | 778 nièng | 779 nièng | 780 nièng | 781 nièng | 782 nièng | 783 nièng | 784 nièng | 785 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi
Nièng:797 nièng | 798 nièng | 799 nièng | 800 nièng | 801 nièng | 802 nièng | 803 nièng | 804 nièng | 805 nièng | 806 nièng | 807 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi
Nièng:820 nièng | 821 nièng | 822 nièng | 823 nièng | 824 nièng | 825 nièng | 826 nièng | 827 nièng | 828 nièng | 829 nièng | 830 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi
Nièng:791 nièng | 792 nièng | 793 nièng | 794 nièng | 795 nièng | 796 nièng | 797 nièng | 798 nièng | 799 nièng | 800 nièng | 801 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:7 sié-gī | 8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:760 nièng-dâi | 770 nièng-dâi | 780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi
Nièng:789 nièng | 790 nièng | 791 nièng | 792 nièng | 793 nièng | 794 nièng | 795 nièng | 796 nièng | 797 nièng | 798 nièng | 799 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi
Nièng:809 nièng | 810 nièng | 811 nièng | 812 nièng | 813 nièng | 814 nièng | 815 nièng | 816 nièng | 817 nièng | 818 nièng | 819 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi
Nièng:841 nièng | 842 nièng | 843 nièng | 844 nièng | 845 nièng | 846 nièng | 847 nièng | 848 nièng | 849 nièng | 850 nièng | 851 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi
Nièng:834 nièng | 835 nièng | 836 nièng | 837 nièng | 838 nièng | 839 nièng | 840 nièng | 841 nièng | 842 nièng | 843 nièng | 844 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:780 nièng-dâi | 790 nièng-dâi | 800 nièng-dâi | 810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi
Nièng:811 nièng | 812 nièng | 813 nièng | 814 nièng | 815 nièng | 816 nièng | 817 nièng | 818 nièng | 819 nièng | 820 nièng | 821 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi
Nièng:856 nièng | 857 nièng | 858 nièng | 859 nièng | 860 nièng | 861 nièng | 862 nièng | 863 nièng | 864 nièng | 865 nièng | 866 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi
Nièng:852 nièng | 853 nièng | 854 nièng | 855 nièng | 856 nièng | 857 nièng | 858 nièng | 859 nièng | 860 nièng | 861 nièng | 862 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi
Nièng:855 nièng | 856 nièng | 857 nièng | 858 nièng | 859 nièng | 860 nièng | 861 nièng | 862 nièng | 863 nièng | 864 nièng | 865 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi
Nièng:891 nièng | 892 nièng | 893 nièng | 894 nièng | 895 nièng | 896 nièng | 897 nièng | 898 nièng | 899 nièng | 900 nièng | 901 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi
Nièng:862 nièng | 863 nièng | 864 nièng | 865 nièng | 866 nièng | 867 nièng | 868 nièng | 869 nièng | 870 nièng | 871 nièng | 872 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi
Nièng:872 nièng | 873 nièng | 874 nièng | 875 nièng | 876 nièng | 877 nièng | 878 nièng | 879 nièng | 880 nièng | 881 nièng | 882 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:810 nièng-dâi | 820 nièng-dâi | 830 nièng-dâi | 840 nièng-dâi | 850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi
Nièng:842 nièng | 843 nièng | 844 nièng | 845 nièng | 846 nièng | 847 nièng | 848 nièng | 849 nièng | 850 nièng | 851 nièng | 852 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi
Nièng:906 nièng | 907 nièng | 908 nièng | 909 nièng | 910 nièng | 911 nièng | 912 nièng | 913 nièng | 914 nièng | 915 nièng | 916 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi
Nièng:907 nièng | 908 nièng | 909 nièng | 910 nièng | 911 nièng | 912 nièng | 913 nièng | 914 nièng | 915 nièng | 916 nièng | 917 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi
Nièng:876 nièng | 877 nièng | 878 nièng | 879 nièng | 880 nièng | 881 nièng | 882 nièng | 883 nièng | 884 nièng | 885 nièng | 886 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:8 sié-gī | 9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:850 nièng-dâi | 860 nièng-dâi | 870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi
Nièng:883 nièng | 884 nièng | 885 nièng | 886 nièng | 887 nièng | 888 nièng | 889 nièng | 890 nièng | 891 nièng | 892 nièng | 893 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi
Nièng:916 nièng | 917 nièng | 918 nièng | 919 nièng | 920 nièng | 921 nièng | 922 nièng | 923 nièng | 924 nièng | 925 nièng | 926 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi
Nièng:908 nièng | 909 nièng | 910 nièng | 911 nièng | 912 nièng | 913 nièng | 914 nièng | 915 nièng | 916 nièng | 917 nièng | 918 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi
Nièng:933 nièng | 934 nièng | 935 nièng | 936 nièng | 937 nièng | 938 nièng | 939 nièng | 940 nièng | 941 nièng | 942 nièng | 943 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:870 nièng-dâi | 880 nièng-dâi | 890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi
Nièng:897 nièng | 898 nièng | 899 nièng | 900 nièng | 901 nièng | 902 nièng | 903 nièng | 904 nièng | 905 nièng | 906 nièng | 907 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi
Nièng:939 nièng | 940 nièng | 941 nièng | 942 nièng | 943 nièng | 944 nièng | 945 nièng | 946 nièng | 947 nièng | 948 nièng | 949 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi
Nièng:917 nièng | 918 nièng | 919 nièng | 920 nièng | 921 nièng | 922 nièng | 923 nièng | 924 nièng | 925 nièng | 926 nièng | 927 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:890 nièng-dâi | 900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi
Nièng:920 nièng | 921 nièng | 922 nièng | 923 nièng | 924 nièng | 925 nièng | 926 nièng | 927 nièng | 928 nièng | 929 nièng | 930 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi
Nièng:944 nièng | 945 nièng | 946 nièng | 947 nièng | 948 nièng | 949 nièng | 950 nièng | 951 nièng | 952 nièng | 953 nièng | 954 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:900 nièng-dâi | 910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi
Nièng:932 nièng | 933 nièng | 934 nièng | 935 nièng | 936 nièng | 937 nièng | 938 nièng | 939 nièng | 940 nièng | 941 nièng | 942 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi
Nièng:950 nièng | 951 nièng | 952 nièng | 953 nièng | 954 nièng | 955 nièng | 956 nièng | 957 nièng | 958 nièng | 959 nièng | 960 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi
Nièng:959 nièng | 960 nièng | 961 nièng | 962 nièng | 963 nièng | 964 nièng | 965 nièng | 966 nièng | 967 nièng | 968 nièng | 969 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi
Nièng:946 nièng | 947 nièng | 948 nièng | 949 nièng | 950 nièng | 951 nièng | 952 nièng | 953 nièng | 954 nièng | 955 nièng | 956 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi
Nièng:958 nièng | 959 nièng | 960 nièng | 961 nièng | 962 nièng | 963 nièng | 964 nièng | 965 nièng | 966 nièng | 967 nièng | 968 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi
Nièng:953 nièng | 954 nièng | 955 nièng | 956 nièng | 957 nièng | 958 nièng | 959 nièng | 960 nièng | 961 nièng | 962 nièng | 963 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:910 nièng-dâi | 920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi
Nièng:943 nièng | 944 nièng | 945 nièng | 946 nièng | 947 nièng | 948 nièng | 949 nièng | 950 nièng | 951 nièng | 952 nièng | 953 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi
Nièng:962 nièng | 963 nièng | 964 nièng | 965 nièng | 966 nièng | 967 nièng | 968 nièng | 969 nièng | 970 nièng | 971 nièng | 972 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi
Nièng:948 nièng | 949 nièng | 950 nièng | 951 nièng | 952 nièng | 953 nièng | 954 nièng | 955 nièng | 956 nièng | 957 nièng | 958 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:920 nièng-dâi | 930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi
Nièng:951 nièng | 952 nièng | 953 nièng | 954 nièng | 955 nièng | 956 nièng | 957 nièng | 958 nièng | 959 nièng | 960 nièng | 961 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:930 nièng-dâi | 940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi
Nièng:961 nièng | 962 nièng | 963 nièng | 964 nièng | 965 nièng | 966 nièng | 967 nièng | 968 nièng | 969 nièng | 970 nièng | 971 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi
Nièng:979 nièng | 980 nièng | 981 nièng | 982 nièng | 983 nièng | 984 nièng | 985 nièng | 986 nièng | 987 nièng | 988 nièng | 989 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi
Nièng:984 nièng | 985 nièng | 986 nièng | 987 nièng | 988 nièng | 989 nièng | 990 nièng | 991 nièng | 992 nièng | 993 nièng | 994 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1013 nièng | 1014 nièng | 1015 nièng | 1016 nièng | 1017 nièng | 1018 nièng | 1019 nièng | 1020 nièng | 1021 nièng | 1022 nièng | 1023 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1008 nièng | 1009 nièng | 1010 nièng | 1011 nièng | 1012 nièng | 1013 nièng | 1014 nièng | 1015 nièng | 1016 nièng | 1017 nièng | 1018 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi
Nièng:975 nièng | 976 nièng | 977 nièng | 978 nièng | 979 nièng | 980 nièng | 981 nièng | 982 nièng | 983 nièng | 984 nièng | 985 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1033 nièng | 1034 nièng | 1035 nièng | 1036 nièng | 1037 nièng | 1038 nièng | 1039 nièng | 1040 nièng | 1041 nièng | 1042 nièng | 1043 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi
Nièng:974 nièng | 975 nièng | 976 nièng | 977 nièng | 978 nièng | 979 nièng | 980 nièng | 981 nièng | 982 nièng | 983 nièng | 984 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:1 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:9 sié-gī | 10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:940 nièng-dâi | 950 nièng-dâi | 960 nièng-dâi | 970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi
Nièng:970 nièng | 971 nièng | 972 nièng | 973 nièng | 974 nièng | 975 nièng | 976 nièng | 977 nièng | 978 nièng | 979 nièng | 980 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1023 nièng | 1024 nièng | 1025 nièng | 1026 nièng | 1027 nièng | 1028 nièng | 1029 nièng | 1030 nièng | 1031 nièng | 1032 nièng | 1033 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1010 nièng | 1011 nièng | 1012 nièng | 1013 nièng | 1014 nièng | 1015 nièng | 1016 nièng | 1017 nièng | 1018 nièng | 1019 nièng | 1020 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1035 nièng | 1036 nièng | 1037 nièng | 1038 nièng | 1039 nièng | 1040 nièng | 1041 nièng | 1042 nièng | 1043 nièng | 1044 nièng | 1045 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:970 nièng-dâi | 980 nièng-dâi | 990 nièng-dâi | 1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi
Nièng:998 nièng | 999 nièng | 1000 nièng | 1001 nièng | 1002 nièng | 1003 nièng | 1004 nièng | 1005 nièng | 1006 nièng | 1007 nièng | 1008 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1040 nièng | 1041 nièng | 1042 nièng | 1043 nièng | 1044 nièng | 1045 nièng | 1046 nièng | 1047 nièng | 1048 nièng | 1049 nièng | 1050 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1043 nièng | 1044 nièng | 1045 nièng | 1046 nièng | 1047 nièng | 1048 nièng | 1049 nièng | 1050 nièng | 1051 nièng | 1052 nièng | 1053 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1042 nièng | 1043 nièng | 1044 nièng | 1045 nièng | 1046 nièng | 1047 nièng | 1048 nièng | 1049 nièng | 1050 nièng | 1051 nièng | 1052 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1049 nièng | 1050 nièng | 1051 nièng | 1052 nièng | 1053 nièng | 1054 nièng | 1055 nièng | 1056 nièng | 1057 nièng | 1058 nièng | 1059 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1000 nièng-dâi | 1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1029 nièng | 1030 nièng | 1031 nièng | 1032 nièng | 1033 nièng | 1034 nièng | 1035 nièng | 1036 nièng | 1037 nièng | 1038 nièng | 1039 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1073 nièng | 1074 nièng | 1075 nièng | 1076 nièng | 1077 nièng | 1078 nièng | 1079 nièng | 1080 nièng | 1081 nièng | 1082 nièng | 1083 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1048 nièng | 1049 nièng | 1050 nièng | 1051 nièng | 1052 nièng | 1053 nièng | 1054 nièng | 1055 nièng | 1056 nièng | 1057 nièng | 1058 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1010 nièng-dâi | 1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1041 nièng | 1042 nièng | 1043 nièng | 1044 nièng | 1045 nièng | 1046 nièng | 1047 nièng | 1048 nièng | 1049 nièng | 1050 nièng | 1051 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1071 nièng | 1072 nièng | 1073 nièng | 1074 nièng | 1075 nièng | 1076 nièng | 1077 nièng | 1078 nièng | 1079 nièng | 1080 nièng | 1081 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1020 nièng-dâi | 1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1050 nièng | 1051 nièng | 1052 nièng | 1053 nièng | 1054 nièng | 1055 nièng | 1056 nièng | 1057 nièng | 1058 nièng | 1059 nièng | 1060 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1085 nièng | 1086 nièng | 1087 nièng | 1088 nièng | 1089 nièng | 1090 nièng | 1091 nièng | 1092 nièng | 1093 nièng | 1094 nièng | 1095 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1083 nièng | 1084 nièng | 1085 nièng | 1086 nièng | 1087 nièng | 1088 nièng | 1089 nièng | 1090 nièng | 1091 nièng | 1092 nièng | 1093 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1098 nièng | 1099 nièng | 1100 nièng | 1101 nièng | 1102 nièng | 1103 nièng | 1104 nièng | 1105 nièng | 1106 nièng | 1107 nièng | 1108 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1030 nièng-dâi | 1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1059 nièng | 1060 nièng | 1061 nièng | 1062 nièng | 1063 nièng | 1064 nièng | 1065 nièng | 1066 nièng | 1067 nièng | 1068 nièng | 1069 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1110 nièng | 1111 nièng | 1112 nièng | 1113 nièng | 1114 nièng | 1115 nièng | 1116 nièng | 1117 nièng | 1118 nièng | 1119 nièng | 1120 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1122 nièng | 1123 nièng | 1124 nièng | 1125 nièng | 1126 nièng | 1127 nièng | 1128 nièng | 1129 nièng | 1130 nièng | 1131 nièng | 1132 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1040 nièng-dâi | 1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1067 nièng | 1068 nièng | 1069 nièng | 1070 nièng | 1071 nièng | 1072 nièng | 1073 nièng | 1074 nièng | 1075 nièng | 1076 nièng | 1077 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1050 nièng-dâi | 1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1079 nièng | 1080 nièng | 1081 nièng | 1082 nièng | 1083 nièng | 1084 nièng | 1085 nièng | 1086 nièng | 1087 nièng | 1088 nièng | 1089 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1120 nièng | 1121 nièng | 1122 nièng | 1123 nièng | 1124 nièng | 1125 nièng | 1126 nièng | 1127 nièng | 1128 nièng | 1129 nièng | 1130 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:10 sié-gī | 11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1060 nièng-dâi | 1070 nièng-dâi | 1080 nièng-dâi | 1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1093 nièng | 1094 nièng | 1095 nièng | 1096 nièng | 1097 nièng | 1098 nièng | 1099 nièng | 1100 nièng | 1101 nièng | 1102 nièng | 1103 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1130 nièng | 1131 nièng | 1132 nièng | 1133 nièng | 1134 nièng | 1135 nièng | 1136 nièng | 1137 nièng | 1138 nièng | 1139 nièng | 1140 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1139 nièng | 1140 nièng | 1141 nièng | 1142 nièng | 1143 nièng | 1144 nièng | 1145 nièng | 1146 nièng | 1147 nièng | 1148 nièng | 1149 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1153 nièng | 1154 nièng | 1155 nièng | 1156 nièng | 1157 nièng | 1158 nièng | 1159 nièng | 1160 nièng | 1161 nièng | 1162 nièng | 1163 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1128 nièng | 1129 nièng | 1130 nièng | 1131 nièng | 1132 nièng | 1133 nièng | 1134 nièng | 1135 nièng | 1136 nièng | 1137 nièng | 1138 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1090 nièng-dâi | 1100 nièng-dâi | 1110 nièng-dâi | 1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1121 nièng | 1122 nièng | 1123 nièng | 1124 nièng | 1125 nièng | 1126 nièng | 1127 nièng | 1128 nièng | 1129 nièng | 1130 nièng | 1131 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1156 nièng | 1157 nièng | 1158 nièng | 1159 nièng | 1160 nièng | 1161 nièng | 1162 nièng | 1163 nièng | 1164 nièng | 1165 nièng | 1166 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1157 nièng | 1158 nièng | 1159 nièng | 1160 nièng | 1161 nièng | 1162 nièng | 1163 nièng | 1164 nièng | 1165 nièng | 1166 nièng | 1167 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1171 nièng | 1172 nièng | 1173 nièng | 1174 nièng | 1175 nièng | 1176 nièng | 1177 nièng | 1178 nièng | 1179 nièng | 1180 nièng | 1181 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1185 nièng | 1186 nièng | 1187 nièng | 1188 nièng | 1189 nièng | 1190 nièng | 1191 nièng | 1192 nièng | 1193 nièng | 1194 nièng | 1195 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1147 nièng | 1148 nièng | 1149 nièng | 1150 nièng | 1151 nièng | 1152 nièng | 1153 nièng | 1154 nièng | 1155 nièng | 1156 nièng | 1157 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1170 nièng | 1171 nièng | 1172 nièng | 1173 nièng | 1174 nièng | 1175 nièng | 1176 nièng | 1177 nièng | 1178 nièng | 1179 nièng | 1180 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1120 nièng-dâi | 1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1146 nièng | 1147 nièng | 1148 nièng | 1149 nièng | 1150 nièng | 1151 nièng | 1152 nièng | 1153 nièng | 1154 nièng | 1155 nièng | 1156 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1184 nièng | 1185 nièng | 1186 nièng | 1187 nièng | 1188 nièng | 1189 nièng | 1190 nièng | 1191 nièng | 1192 nièng | 1193 nièng | 1194 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1192 nièng | 1193 nièng | 1194 nièng | 1195 nièng | 1196 nièng | 1197 nièng | 1198 nièng | 1199 nièng | 1200 nièng | 1201 nièng | 1202 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1130 nièng-dâi | 1140 nièng-dâi | 1150 nièng-dâi | 1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1161 nièng | 1162 nièng | 1163 nièng | 1164 nièng | 1165 nièng | 1166 nièng | 1167 nièng | 1168 nièng | 1169 nièng | 1170 nièng | 1171 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:11 sié-gī | 12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1160 nièng-dâi | 1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1193 nièng | 1194 nièng | 1195 nièng | 1196 nièng | 1197 nièng | 1198 nièng | 1199 nièng | 1200 nièng | 1201 nièng | 1202 nièng | 1203 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1220 nièng | 1221 nièng | 1222 nièng | 1223 nièng | 1224 nièng | 1225 nièng | 1226 nièng | 1227 nièng | 1228 nièng | 1229 nièng | 1230 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1213 nièng | 1214 nièng | 1215 nièng | 1216 nièng | 1217 nièng | 1218 nièng | 1219 nièng | 1220 nièng | 1221 nièng | 1222 nièng | 1223 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1226 nièng | 1227 nièng | 1228 nièng | 1229 nièng | 1230 nièng | 1231 nièng | 1232 nièng | 1233 nièng | 1234 nièng | 1235 nièng | 1236 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1204 nièng | 1205 nièng | 1206 nièng | 1207 nièng | 1208 nièng | 1209 nièng | 1210 nièng | 1211 nièng | 1212 nièng | 1213 nièng | 1214 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1170 nièng-dâi | 1180 nièng-dâi | 1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1202 nièng | 1203 nièng | 1204 nièng | 1205 nièng | 1206 nièng | 1207 nièng | 1208 nièng | 1209 nièng | 1210 nièng | 1211 nièng | 1212 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1233 nièng | 1234 nièng | 1235 nièng | 1236 nièng | 1237 nièng | 1238 nièng | 1239 nièng | 1240 nièng | 1241 nièng | 1242 nièng | 1243 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1222 nièng | 1223 nièng | 1224 nièng | 1225 nièng | 1226 nièng | 1227 nièng | 1228 nièng | 1229 nièng | 1230 nièng | 1231 nièng | 1232 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1235 nièng | 1236 nièng | 1237 nièng | 1238 nièng | 1239 nièng | 1240 nièng | 1241 nièng | 1242 nièng | 1243 nièng | 1244 nièng | 1245 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1229 nièng | 1230 nièng | 1231 nièng | 1232 nièng | 1233 nièng | 1234 nièng | 1235 nièng | 1236 nièng | 1237 nièng | 1238 nièng | 1239 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1238 nièng | 1239 nièng | 1240 nièng | 1241 nièng | 1242 nièng | 1243 nièng | 1244 nièng | 1245 nièng | 1246 nièng | 1247 nièng | 1248 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1241 nièng | 1242 nièng | 1243 nièng | 1244 nièng | 1245 nièng | 1246 nièng | 1247 nièng | 1248 nièng | 1249 nièng | 1250 nièng | 1251 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1190 nièng-dâi | 1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1224 nièng | 1225 nièng | 1226 nièng | 1227 nièng | 1228 nièng | 1229 nièng | 1230 nièng | 1231 nièng | 1232 nièng | 1233 nièng | 1234 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1243 nièng | 1244 nièng | 1245 nièng | 1246 nièng | 1247 nièng | 1248 nièng | 1249 nièng | 1250 nièng | 1251 nièng | 1252 nièng | 1253 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1227 nièng | 1228 nièng | 1229 nièng | 1230 nièng | 1231 nièng | 1232 nièng | 1233 nièng | 1234 nièng | 1235 nièng | 1236 nièng | 1237 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1244 nièng | 1245 nièng | 1246 nièng | 1247 nièng | 1248 nièng | 1249 nièng | 1250 nièng | 1251 nièng | 1252 nièng | 1253 nièng | 1254 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1256 nièng | 1257 nièng | 1258 nièng | 1259 nièng | 1260 nièng | 1261 nièng | 1262 nièng | 1263 nièng | 1264 nièng | 1265 nièng | 1266 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1200 nièng-dâi | 1210 nièng-dâi | 1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1232 nièng | 1233 nièng | 1234 nièng | 1235 nièng | 1236 nièng | 1237 nièng | 1238 nièng | 1239 nièng | 1240 nièng | 1241 nièng | 1242 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1259 nièng | 1260 nièng | 1261 nièng | 1262 nièng | 1263 nièng | 1264 nièng | 1265 nièng | 1266 nièng | 1267 nièng | 1268 nièng | 1269 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1255 nièng | 1256 nièng | 1257 nièng | 1258 nièng | 1259 nièng | 1260 nièng | 1261 nièng | 1262 nièng | 1263 nièng | 1264 nièng | 1265 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1279 nièng | 1280 nièng | 1281 nièng | 1282 nièng | 1283 nièng | 1284 nièng | 1285 nièng | 1286 nièng | 1287 nièng | 1288 nièng | 1289 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1271 nièng | 1272 nièng | 1273 nièng | 1274 nièng | 1275 nièng | 1276 nièng | 1277 nièng | 1278 nièng | 1279 nièng | 1280 nièng | 1281 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1248 nièng | 1249 nièng | 1250 nièng | 1251 nièng | 1252 nièng | 1253 nièng | 1254 nièng | 1255 nièng | 1256 nièng | 1257 nièng | 1258 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1261 nièng | 1262 nièng | 1263 nièng | 1264 nièng | 1265 nièng | 1266 nièng | 1267 nièng | 1268 nièng | 1269 nièng | 1270 nièng | 1271 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1276 nièng | 1277 nièng | 1278 nièng | 1279 nièng | 1280 nièng | 1281 nièng | 1282 nièng | 1283 nièng | 1284 nièng | 1285 nièng | 1286 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1220 nièng-dâi | 1230 nièng-dâi | 1240 nièng-dâi | 1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1254 nièng | 1255 nièng | 1256 nièng | 1257 nièng | 1258 nièng | 1259 nièng | 1260 nièng | 1261 nièng | 1262 nièng | 1263 nièng | 1264 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1289 nièng | 1290 nièng | 1291 nièng | 1292 nièng | 1293 nièng | 1294 nièng | 1295 nièng | 1296 nièng | 1297 nièng | 1298 nièng | 1299 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1319 nièng | 1320 nièng | 1321 nièng | 1322 nièng | 1323 nièng | 1324 nièng | 1325 nièng | 1326 nièng | 1327 nièng | 1328 nièng | 1329 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:12 sié-gī | 13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1250 nièng-dâi | 1260 nièng-dâi | 1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1275 nièng | 1276 nièng | 1277 nièng | 1278 nièng | 1279 nièng | 1280 nièng | 1281 nièng | 1282 nièng | 1283 nièng | 1284 nièng | 1285 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1316 nièng | 1317 nièng | 1318 nièng | 1319 nièng | 1320 nièng | 1321 nièng | 1322 nièng | 1323 nièng | 1324 nièng | 1325 nièng | 1326 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1298 nièng | 1299 nièng | 1300 nièng | 1301 nièng | 1302 nièng | 1303 nièng | 1304 nièng | 1305 nièng | 1306 nièng | 1307 nièng | 1308 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1325 nièng | 1326 nièng | 1327 nièng | 1328 nièng | 1329 nièng | 1330 nièng | 1331 nièng | 1332 nièng | 1333 nièng | 1334 nièng | 1335 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1357 nièng | 1358 nièng | 1359 nièng | 1360 nièng | 1361 nièng | 1362 nièng | 1363 nièng | 1364 nièng | 1365 nièng | 1366 nièng | 1367 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1270 nièng-dâi | 1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1296 nièng | 1297 nièng | 1298 nièng | 1299 nièng | 1300 nièng | 1301 nièng | 1302 nièng | 1303 nièng | 1304 nièng | 1305 nièng | 1306 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1322 nièng | 1323 nièng | 1324 nièng | 1325 nièng | 1326 nièng | 1327 nièng | 1328 nièng | 1329 nièng | 1330 nièng | 1331 nièng | 1332 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1280 nièng-dâi | 1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1312 nièng | 1313 nièng | 1314 nièng | 1315 nièng | 1316 nièng | 1317 nièng | 1318 nièng | 1319 nièng | 1320 nièng | 1321 nièng | 1322 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1347 nièng | 1348 nièng | 1349 nièng | 1350 nièng | 1351 nièng | 1352 nièng | 1353 nièng | 1354 nièng | 1355 nièng | 1356 nièng | 1357 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1356 nièng | 1357 nièng | 1358 nièng | 1359 nièng | 1360 nièng | 1361 nièng | 1362 nièng | 1363 nièng | 1364 nièng | 1365 nièng | 1366 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1353 nièng | 1354 nièng | 1355 nièng | 1356 nièng | 1357 nièng | 1358 nièng | 1359 nièng | 1360 nièng | 1361 nièng | 1362 nièng | 1363 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1371 nièng | 1372 nièng | 1373 nièng | 1374 nièng | 1375 nièng | 1376 nièng | 1377 nièng | 1378 nièng | 1379 nièng | 1380 nièng | 1381 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1391 nièng | 1392 nièng | 1393 nièng | 1394 nièng | 1395 nièng | 1396 nièng | 1397 nièng | 1398 nièng | 1399 nièng | 1400 nièng | 1401 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1290 nièng-dâi | 1300 nièng-dâi | 1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1321 nièng | 1322 nièng | 1323 nièng | 1324 nièng | 1325 nièng | 1326 nièng | 1327 nièng | 1328 nièng | 1329 nièng | 1330 nièng | 1331 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1388 nièng | 1389 nièng | 1390 nièng | 1391 nièng | 1392 nièng | 1393 nièng | 1394 nièng | 1395 nièng | 1396 nièng | 1397 nièng | 1398 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1310 nièng-dâi | 1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1340 nièng | 1341 nièng | 1342 nièng | 1343 nièng | 1344 nièng | 1345 nièng | 1346 nièng | 1347 nièng | 1348 nièng | 1349 nièng | 1350 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1392 nièng | 1393 nièng | 1394 nièng | 1395 nièng | 1396 nièng | 1397 nièng | 1398 nièng | 1399 nièng | 1400 nièng | 1401 nièng | 1402 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1320 nièng-dâi | 1330 nièng-dâi | 1340 nièng-dâi | 1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1348 nièng | 1349 nièng | 1350 nièng | 1351 nièng | 1352 nièng | 1353 nièng | 1354 nièng | 1355 nièng | 1356 nièng | 1357 nièng | 1358 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1405 nièng | 1406 nièng | 1407 nièng | 1408 nièng | 1409 nièng | 1410 nièng | 1411 nièng | 1412 nièng | 1413 nièng | 1414 nièng | 1415 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1397 nièng | 1398 nièng | 1399 nièng | 1400 nièng | 1401 nièng | 1402 nièng | 1403 nièng | 1404 nièng | 1405 nièng | 1406 nièng | 1407 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1409 nièng | 1410 nièng | 1411 nièng | 1412 nièng | 1413 nièng | 1414 nièng | 1415 nièng | 1416 nièng | 1417 nièng | 1418 nièng | 1419 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1416 nièng | 1417 nièng | 1418 nièng | 1419 nièng | 1420 nièng | 1421 nièng | 1422 nièng | 1423 nièng | 1424 nièng | 1425 nièng | 1426 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1433 nièng | 1434 nièng | 1435 nièng | 1436 nièng | 1437 nièng | 1438 nièng | 1439 nièng | 1440 nièng | 1441 nièng | 1442 nièng | 1443 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:13 sié-gī | 14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1350 nièng-dâi | 1360 nièng-dâi | 1370 nièng-dâi | 1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1378 nièng | 1379 nièng | 1380 nièng | 1381 nièng | 1382 nièng | 1383 nièng | 1384 nièng | 1385 nièng | 1386 nièng | 1387 nièng | 1388 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1436 nièng | 1437 nièng | 1438 nièng | 1439 nièng | 1440 nièng | 1441 nièng | 1442 nièng | 1443 nièng | 1444 nièng | 1445 nièng | 1446 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1442 nièng | 1443 nièng | 1444 nièng | 1445 nièng | 1446 nièng | 1447 nièng | 1448 nièng | 1449 nièng | 1450 nièng | 1451 nièng | 1452 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1380 nièng-dâi | 1390 nièng-dâi | 1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1410 nièng | 1411 nièng | 1412 nièng | 1413 nièng | 1414 nièng | 1415 nièng | 1416 nièng | 1417 nièng | 1418 nièng | 1419 nièng | 1420 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1520 nièng | 1521 nièng | 1522 nièng | 1523 nièng | 1524 nièng | 1525 nièng | 1526 nièng | 1527 nièng | 1528 nièng | 1529 nièng | 1530 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1494 nièng | 1495 nièng | 1496 nièng | 1497 nièng | 1498 nièng | 1499 nièng | 1500 nièng | 1501 nièng | 1502 nièng | 1503 nièng | 1504 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1481 nièng | 1482 nièng | 1483 nièng | 1484 nièng | 1485 nièng | 1486 nièng | 1487 nièng | 1488 nièng | 1489 nièng | 1490 nièng | 1491 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1484 nièng | 1485 nièng | 1486 nièng | 1487 nièng | 1488 nièng | 1489 nièng | 1490 nièng | 1491 nièng | 1492 nièng | 1493 nièng | 1494 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1479 nièng | 1480 nièng | 1481 nièng | 1482 nièng | 1483 nièng | 1484 nièng | 1485 nièng | 1486 nièng | 1487 nièng | 1488 nièng | 1489 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1472 nièng | 1473 nièng | 1474 nièng | 1475 nièng | 1476 nièng | 1477 nièng | 1478 nièng | 1479 nièng | 1480 nièng | 1481 nièng | 1482 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1460 nièng | 1461 nièng | 1462 nièng | 1463 nièng | 1464 nièng | 1465 nièng | 1466 nièng | 1467 nièng | 1468 nièng | 1469 nièng | 1470 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1514 nièng | 1515 nièng | 1516 nièng | 1517 nièng | 1518 nièng | 1519 nièng | 1520 nièng | 1521 nièng | 1522 nièng | 1523 nièng | 1524 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1435 nièng | 1436 nièng | 1437 nièng | 1438 nièng | 1439 nièng | 1440 nièng | 1441 nièng | 1442 nièng | 1443 nièng | 1444 nièng | 1445 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1467 nièng | 1468 nièng | 1469 nièng | 1470 nièng | 1471 nièng | 1472 nièng | 1473 nièng | 1474 nièng | 1475 nièng | 1476 nièng | 1477 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1400 nièng-dâi | 1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1425 nièng | 1426 nièng | 1427 nièng | 1428 nièng | 1429 nièng | 1430 nièng | 1431 nièng | 1432 nièng | 1433 nièng | 1434 nièng | 1435 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1482 nièng | 1483 nièng | 1484 nièng | 1485 nièng | 1486 nièng | 1487 nièng | 1488 nièng | 1489 nièng | 1490 nièng | 1491 nièng | 1492 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1461 nièng | 1462 nièng | 1463 nièng | 1464 nièng | 1465 nièng | 1466 nièng | 1467 nièng | 1468 nièng | 1469 nièng | 1470 nièng | 1471 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:14 sié-gī | 15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1410 nièng-dâi | 1420 nièng-dâi | 1430 nièng-dâi | 1440 nièng-dâi | 1450 nièng-dâi | 1460 nièng-dâi | 1470 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1439 nièng | 1440 nièng | 1441 nièng | 1442 nièng | 1443 nièng | 1444 nièng | 1445 nièng | 1446 nièng | 1447 nièng | 1448 nièng | 1449 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1523 nièng | 1524 nièng | 1525 nièng | 1526 nièng | 1527 nièng | 1528 nièng | 1529 nièng | 1530 nièng | 1531 nièng | 1532 nièng | 1533 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1527 nièng | 1528 nièng | 1529 nièng | 1530 nièng | 1531 nièng | 1532 nièng | 1533 nièng | 1534 nièng | 1535 nièng | 1536 nièng | 1537 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1507 nièng | 1508 nièng | 1509 nièng | 1510 nièng | 1511 nièng | 1512 nièng | 1513 nièng | 1514 nièng | 1515 nièng | 1516 nièng | 1517 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1470 nièng-dâi | 1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1502 nièng | 1503 nièng | 1504 nièng | 1505 nièng | 1506 nièng | 1507 nièng | 1508 nièng | 1509 nièng | 1510 nièng | 1511 nièng | 1512 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1480 nièng-dâi | 1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1512 nièng | 1513 nièng | 1514 nièng | 1515 nièng | 1516 nièng | 1517 nièng | 1518 nièng | 1519 nièng | 1520 nièng | 1521 nièng | 1522 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1534 nièng | 1535 nièng | 1536 nièng | 1537 nièng | 1538 nièng | 1539 nièng | 1540 nièng | 1541 nièng | 1542 nièng | 1543 nièng | 1544 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1539 nièng | 1540 nièng | 1541 nièng | 1542 nièng | 1543 nièng | 1544 nièng | 1545 nièng | 1546 nièng | 1547 nièng | 1548 nièng | 1549 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1533 nièng | 1534 nièng | 1535 nièng | 1536 nièng | 1537 nièng | 1538 nièng | 1539 nièng | 1540 nièng | 1541 nièng | 1542 nièng | 1543 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1490 nièng-dâi | 1500 nièng-dâi | 1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1524 nièng | 1525 nièng | 1526 nièng | 1527 nièng | 1528 nièng | 1529 nièng | 1530 nièng | 1531 nièng | 1532 nièng | 1533 nièng | 1534 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1535 nièng | 1536 nièng | 1537 nièng | 1538 nièng | 1539 nièng | 1540 nièng | 1541 nièng | 1542 nièng | 1543 nièng | 1544 nièng | 1545 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1536 nièng | 1537 nièng | 1538 nièng | 1539 nièng | 1540 nièng | 1541 nièng | 1542 nièng | 1543 nièng | 1544 nièng | 1545 nièng | 1546 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1553 nièng | 1554 nièng | 1555 nièng | 1556 nièng | 1557 nièng | 1558 nièng | 1559 nièng | 1560 nièng | 1561 nièng | 1562 nièng | 1563 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1557 nièng | 1558 nièng | 1559 nièng | 1560 nièng | 1561 nièng | 1562 nièng | 1563 nièng | 1564 nièng | 1565 nièng | 1566 nièng | 1567 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1560 nièng | 1561 nièng | 1562 nièng | 1563 nièng | 1564 nièng | 1565 nièng | 1566 nièng | 1567 nièng | 1568 nièng | 1569 nièng | 1570 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1510 nièng-dâi | 1520 nièng-dâi | 1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1544 nièng | 1545 nièng | 1546 nièng | 1547 nièng | 1548 nièng | 1549 nièng | 1550 nièng | 1551 nièng | 1552 nièng | 1553 nièng | 1554 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1563 nièng | 1564 nièng | 1565 nièng | 1566 nièng | 1567 nièng | 1568 nièng | 1569 nièng | 1570 nièng | 1571 nièng | 1572 nièng | 1573 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1572 nièng | 1573 nièng | 1574 nièng | 1575 nièng | 1576 nièng | 1577 nièng | 1578 nièng | 1579 nièng | 1580 nièng | 1581 nièng | 1582 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1565 nièng | 1566 nièng | 1567 nièng | 1568 nièng | 1569 nièng | 1570 nièng | 1571 nièng | 1572 nièng | 1573 nièng | 1574 nièng | 1575 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1599 nièng | 1600 nièng | 1601 nièng | 1602 nièng | 1603 nièng | 1604 nièng | 1605 nièng | 1606 nièng | 1607 nièng | 1608 nièng | 1609 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1568 nièng | 1569 nièng | 1570 nièng | 1571 nièng | 1572 nièng | 1573 nièng | 1574 nièng | 1575 nièng | 1576 nièng | 1577 nièng | 1578 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1588 nièng | 1589 nièng | 1590 nièng | 1591 nièng | 1592 nièng | 1593 nièng | 1594 nièng | 1595 nièng | 1596 nièng | 1597 nièng | 1598 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1579 nièng | 1580 nièng | 1581 nièng | 1582 nièng | 1583 nièng | 1584 nièng | 1585 nièng | 1586 nièng | 1587 nièng | 1588 nièng | 1589 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1530 nièng-dâi | 1540 nièng-dâi | 1550 nièng-dâi | 1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1564 nièng | 1565 nièng | 1566 nièng | 1567 nièng | 1568 nièng | 1569 nièng | 1570 nièng | 1571 nièng | 1572 nièng | 1573 nièng | 1574 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1596 nièng | 1597 nièng | 1598 nièng | 1599 nièng | 1600 nièng | 1601 nièng | 1602 nièng | 1603 nièng | 1604 nièng | 1605 nièng | 1606 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1624 nièng | 1625 nièng | 1626 nièng | 1627 nièng | 1628 nièng | 1629 nièng | 1630 nièng | 1631 nièng | 1632 nièng | 1633 nièng | 1634 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1606 nièng | 1607 nièng | 1608 nièng | 1609 nièng | 1610 nièng | 1611 nièng | 1612 nièng | 1613 nièng | 1614 nièng | 1615 nièng | 1616 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1630 nièng | 1631 nièng | 1632 nièng | 1633 nièng | 1634 nièng | 1635 nièng | 1636 nièng | 1637 nièng | 1638 nièng | 1639 nièng | 1640 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1590 nièng | 1591 nièng | 1592 nièng | 1593 nièng | 1594 nièng | 1595 nièng | 1596 nièng | 1597 nièng | 1598 nièng | 1599 nièng | 1600 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1601 nièng | 1602 nièng | 1603 nièng | 1604 nièng | 1605 nièng | 1606 nièng | 1607 nièng | 1608 nièng | 1609 nièng | 1610 nièng | 1611 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:15 sié-gī | 16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1560 nièng-dâi | 1570 nièng-dâi | 1580 nièng-dâi | 1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1589 nièng | 1590 nièng | 1591 nièng | 1592 nièng | 1593 nièng | 1594 nièng | 1595 nièng | 1596 nièng | 1597 nièng | 1598 nièng | 1599 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1645 nièng | 1646 nièng | 1647 nièng | 1648 nièng | 1649 nièng | 1650 nièng | 1651 nièng | 1652 nièng | 1653 nièng | 1654 nièng | 1655 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1644 nièng | 1645 nièng | 1646 nièng | 1647 nièng | 1648 nièng | 1649 nièng | 1650 nièng | 1651 nièng | 1652 nièng | 1653 nièng | 1654 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1590 nièng-dâi | 1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1618 nièng | 1619 nièng | 1620 nièng | 1621 nièng | 1622 nièng | 1623 nièng | 1624 nièng | 1625 nièng | 1626 nièng | 1627 nièng | 1628 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1652 nièng | 1653 nièng | 1654 nièng | 1655 nièng | 1656 nièng | 1657 nièng | 1658 nièng | 1659 nièng | 1660 nièng | 1661 nièng | 1662 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1661 nièng | 1662 nièng | 1663 nièng | 1664 nièng | 1665 nièng | 1666 nièng | 1667 nièng | 1668 nièng | 1669 nièng | 1670 nièng | 1671 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1659 nièng | 1660 nièng | 1661 nièng | 1662 nièng | 1663 nièng | 1664 nièng | 1665 nièng | 1666 nièng | 1667 nièng | 1668 nièng | 1669 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1600 nièng-dâi | 1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1634 nièng | 1635 nièng | 1636 nièng | 1637 nièng | 1638 nièng | 1639 nièng | 1640 nièng | 1641 nièng | 1642 nièng | 1643 nièng | 1644 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1683 nièng | 1684 nièng | 1685 nièng | 1686 nièng | 1687 nièng | 1688 nièng | 1689 nièng | 1690 nièng | 1691 nièng | 1692 nièng | 1693 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1710 nièng | 1711 nièng | 1712 nièng | 1713 nièng | 1714 nièng | 1715 nièng | 1716 nièng | 1717 nièng | 1718 nièng | 1719 nièng | 1720 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1610 nièng-dâi | 1620 nièng-dâi | 1630 nièng-dâi | 1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1636 nièng | 1637 nièng | 1638 nièng | 1639 nièng | 1640 nièng | 1641 nièng | 1642 nièng | 1643 nièng | 1644 nièng | 1645 nièng | 1646 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1700 nièng | 1701 nièng | 1702 nièng | 1703 nièng | 1704 nièng | 1705 nièng | 1706 nièng | 1707 nièng | 1708 nièng | 1709 nièng | 1710 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1705 nièng | 1706 nièng | 1707 nièng | 1708 nièng | 1709 nièng | 1710 nièng | 1711 nièng | 1712 nièng | 1713 nièng | 1714 nièng | 1715 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1665 nièng | 1666 nièng | 1667 nièng | 1668 nièng | 1669 nièng | 1670 nièng | 1671 nièng | 1672 nièng | 1673 nièng | 1674 nièng | 1675 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1694 nièng | 1695 nièng | 1696 nièng | 1697 nièng | 1698 nièng | 1699 nièng | 1700 nièng | 1701 nièng | 1702 nièng | 1703 nièng | 1704 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1714 nièng | 1715 nièng | 1716 nièng | 1717 nièng | 1718 nièng | 1719 nièng | 1720 nièng | 1721 nièng | 1722 nièng | 1723 nièng | 1724 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:16 sié-gī | 17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1640 nièng-dâi | 1650 nièng-dâi | 1660 nièng-dâi | 1670 nièng-dâi | 1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1671 nièng | 1672 nièng | 1673 nièng | 1674 nièng | 1675 nièng | 1676 nièng | 1677 nièng | 1678 nièng | 1679 nièng | 1680 nièng | 1681 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1722 nièng | 1723 nièng | 1724 nièng | 1725 nièng | 1726 nièng | 1727 nièng | 1728 nièng | 1729 nièng | 1730 nièng | 1731 nièng | 1732 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1746 nièng | 1747 nièng | 1748 nièng | 1749 nièng | 1750 nièng | 1751 nièng | 1752 nièng | 1753 nièng | 1754 nièng | 1755 nièng | 1756 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1732 nièng | 1733 nièng | 1734 nièng | 1735 nièng | 1736 nièng | 1737 nièng | 1738 nièng | 1739 nièng | 1740 nièng | 1741 nièng | 1742 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1760 nièng | 1761 nièng | 1762 nièng | 1763 nièng | 1764 nièng | 1765 nièng | 1766 nièng | 1767 nièng | 1768 nièng | 1769 nièng | 1770 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1741 nièng | 1742 nièng | 1743 nièng | 1744 nièng | 1745 nièng | 1746 nièng | 1747 nièng | 1748 nièng | 1749 nièng | 1750 nièng | 1751 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1680 nièng-dâi | 1690 nièng-dâi | 1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1707 nièng | 1708 nièng | 1709 nièng | 1710 nièng | 1711 nièng | 1712 nièng | 1713 nièng | 1714 nièng | 1715 nièng | 1716 nièng | 1717 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1759 nièng | 1760 nièng | 1761 nièng | 1762 nièng | 1763 nièng | 1764 nièng | 1765 nièng | 1766 nièng | 1767 nièng | 1768 nièng | 1769 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1775 nièng | 1776 nièng | 1777 nièng | 1778 nièng | 1779 nièng | 1780 nièng | 1781 nièng | 1782 nièng | 1783 nièng | 1784 nièng | 1785 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1787 nièng | 1788 nièng | 1789 nièng | 1790 nièng | 1791 nièng | 1792 nièng | 1793 nièng | 1794 nièng | 1795 nièng | 1796 nièng | 1797 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1700 nièng-dâi | 1710 nièng-dâi | 1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1725 nièng | 1726 nièng | 1727 nièng | 1728 nièng | 1729 nièng | 1730 nièng | 1731 nièng | 1732 nièng | 1733 nièng | 1734 nièng | 1735 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1792 nièng | 1793 nièng | 1794 nièng | 1795 nièng | 1796 nièng | 1797 nièng | 1798 nièng | 1799 nièng | 1800 nièng | 1801 nièng | 1802 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1720 nièng-dâi | 1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1745 nièng | 1746 nièng | 1747 nièng | 1748 nièng | 1749 nièng | 1750 nièng | 1751 nièng | 1752 nièng | 1753 nièng | 1754 nièng | 1755 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1800 nièng | 1801 nièng | 1802 nièng | 1803 nièng | 1804 nièng | 1805 nièng | 1806 nièng | 1807 nièng | 1808 nièng | 1809 nièng | 1810 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1790 nièng | 1791 nièng | 1792 nièng | 1793 nièng | 1794 nièng | 1795 nièng | 1796 nièng | 1797 nièng | 1798 nièng | 1799 nièng | 1800 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1799 nièng | 1800 nièng | 1801 nièng | 1802 nièng | 1803 nièng | 1804 nièng | 1805 nièng | 1806 nièng | 1807 nièng | 1808 nièng | 1809 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1730 nièng-dâi | 1740 nièng-dâi | 1750 nièng-dâi | 1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1758 nièng | 1759 nièng | 1760 nièng | 1761 nièng | 1762 nièng | 1763 nièng | 1764 nièng | 1765 nièng | 1766 nièng | 1767 nièng | 1768 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1807 nièng | 1808 nièng | 1809 nièng | 1810 nièng | 1811 nièng | 1812 nièng | 1813 nièng | 1814 nièng | 1815 nièng | 1816 nièng | 1817 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:17 sié-gī | 18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1760 nièng-dâi | 1770 nièng-dâi | 1780 nièng-dâi | 1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1793 nièng | 1794 nièng | 1795 nièng | 1796 nièng | 1797 nièng | 1798 nièng | 1799 nièng | 1800 nièng | 1801 nièng | 1802 nièng | 1803 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1818 nièng | 1819 nièng | 1820 nièng | 1821 nièng | 1822 nièng | 1823 nièng | 1824 nièng | 1825 nièng | 1826 nièng | 1827 nièng | 1828 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1822 nièng | 1823 nièng | 1824 nièng | 1825 nièng | 1826 nièng | 1827 nièng | 1828 nièng | 1829 nièng | 1830 nièng | 1831 nièng | 1832 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1825 nièng | 1826 nièng | 1827 nièng | 1828 nièng | 1829 nièng | 1830 nièng | 1831 nièng | 1832 nièng | 1833 nièng | 1834 nièng | 1835 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1838 nièng | 1839 nièng | 1840 nièng | 1841 nièng | 1842 nièng | 1843 nièng | 1844 nièng | 1845 nièng | 1846 nièng | 1847 nièng | 1848 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-māu nièng (tó nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1837 nièng | 1838 nièng | 1839 nièng | 1840 nièng | 1841 nièng | 1842 nièng | 1843 nièng | 1844 nièng | 1845 nièng | 1846 nièng | 1847 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1815 nièng | 1816 nièng | 1817 nièng | 1818 nièng | 1819 nièng | 1820 nièng | 1821 nièng | 1822 nièng | 1823 nièng | 1824 nièng | 1825 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1790 nièng-dâi | 1800 nièng-dâi | 1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1819 nièng | 1820 nièng | 1821 nièng | 1822 nièng | 1823 nièng | 1824 nièng | 1825 nièng | 1826 nièng | 1827 nièng | 1828 nièng | 1829 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1843 nièng | 1844 nièng | 1845 nièng | 1846 nièng | 1847 nièng | 1848 nièng | 1849 nièng | 1850 nièng | 1851 nièng | 1852 nièng | 1853 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sĭng nièng (gàu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1845 nièng | 1846 nièng | 1847 nièng | 1848 nièng | 1849 nièng | 1850 nièng | 1851 nièng | 1852 nièng | 1853 nièng | 1854 nièng | 1855 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gĕng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1852 nièng | 1853 nièng | 1854 nièng | 1855 nièng | 1856 nièng | 1857 nièng | 1858 nièng | 1859 nièng | 1860 nièng | 1861 nièng | 1862 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:dĭng-sê̤ṳ nièng (siè nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1858 nièng | 1859 nièng | 1860 nièng | 1861 nièng | 1862 nièng | 1863 nièng | 1864 nièng | 1865 nièng | 1866 nièng | 1867 nièng | 1868 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gŭi-hâi nièng (dṳ̆ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1810 nièng-dâi | 1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1839 nièng | 1840 nièng | 1841 nièng | 1842 nièng | 1843 nièng | 1844 nièng | 1845 nièng | 1846 nièng | 1847 nièng | 1848 nièng | 1849 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gák-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1861 nièng | 1862 nièng | 1863 nièng | 1864 nièng | 1865 nièng | 1866 nièng | 1867 nièng | 1868 nièng | 1869 nièng | 1870 nièng | 1871 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-ìng nièng (hū nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1866 nièng | 1867 nièng | 1868 nièng | 1869 nièng | 1870 nièng | 1871 nièng | 1872 nièng | 1873 nièng | 1874 nièng | 1875 nièng | 1876 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1863 nièng | 1864 nièng | 1865 nièng | 1866 nièng | 1867 nièng | 1868 nièng | 1869 nièng | 1870 nièng | 1871 nièng | 1872 nièng | 1873 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1820 nièng-dâi | 1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1851 nièng | 1852 nièng | 1853 nièng | 1854 nièng | 1855 nièng | 1856 nièng | 1857 nièng | 1858 nièng | 1859 nièng | 1860 nièng | 1861 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sìng nièng (lṳ̀ng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1877 nièng | 1878 nièng | 1879 nièng | 1880 nièng | 1881 nièng | 1882 nièng | 1883 nièng | 1884 nièng | 1885 nièng | 1886 nièng | 1887 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ìng-ngū nièng (mā nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1871 nièng | 1872 nièng | 1873 nièng | 1874 nièng | 1875 nièng | 1876 nièng | 1877 nièng | 1878 nièng | 1879 nièng | 1880 nièng | 1881 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1830 nièng-dâi | 1840 nièng-dâi | 1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1856 nièng | 1857 nièng | 1858 nièng | 1859 nièng | 1860 nièng | 1861 nièng | 1862 nièng | 1863 nièng | 1864 nièng | 1865 nièng | 1866 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:sĭng-iū nièng (giĕ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1881 nièng | 1882 nièng | 1883 nièng | 1884 nièng | 1885 nièng | 1886 nièng | 1887 nièng | 1888 nièng | 1889 nièng | 1890 nièng | 1891 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:bīng-sáe̤k nièng (kēu nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1883 nièng | 1884 nièng | 1885 nièng | 1886 nièng | 1887 nièng | 1888 nièng | 1889 nièng | 1890 nièng | 1891 nièng | 1892 nièng | 1893 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:muô-cṳ̄ nièng (chṳ̄ nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi | 1920 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1890 nièng | 1891 nièng | 1892 nièng | 1893 nièng | 1894 nièng | 1895 nièng | 1896 nièng | 1897 nièng | 1898 nièng | 1899 nièng | 1900 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:ĭk-ê nièng (iòng nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Chiĕng-gī:2 chiĕng-gī
Sié-gī:18 sié-gī | 19 sié-gī | 20 sié-gī
Nièng-dâi:1850 nièng-dâi | 1860 nièng-dâi | 1870 nièng-dâi | 1880 nièng-dâi | 1890 nièng-dâi | 1900 nièng-dâi | 1910 nièng-dâi
Nièng:1884 nièng | 1885 nièng | 1886 nièng | 1887 nièng | 1888 nièng | 1889 nièng | 1890 nièng | 1891 nièng | 1892 nièng | 1893 nièng | 1894 nièng
Nùng-lĭk:gī-tiū nièng (ngù nièng)
Nièng-hô̤:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀：1千紀 | 2千紀 | 3千紀
世紀：10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代：1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代
年:200年 | 201年 | 202年 | 203年 | 204年 | 205年 | 206年 | 207年 | 208年 | 209年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀：Sèng 1千紀 | 1千紀 | 2千紀
世紀：2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代：400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代
年:100年 | 101年 | 102年 | 103年 | 104年 | 105年 | 106年 | 107年 | 108年 | 109年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀：Sèng 1千紀 | 1千紀 | 2千紀
世紀：4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代：600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代
年:230年 | 231年 | 232年 | 233年 | 234年 | 235年 | 236年 | 237年 | 238年 | 239年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代
年:440年 | 441年 | 442年 | 443年 | 444年 | 445年 | 446年 | 447年 | 448年 | 449年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代
年:270年 | 271年 | 272年 | 273年 | 274年 | 275年 | 276年 | 277年 | 278年 | 279年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代
年:280年 | 281年 | 282年 | 283年 | 284年 | 285年 | 286年 | 287年 | 288年 | 289年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代
年:550年 | 551年 | 552年 | 553年 | 554年 | 555年 | 556年 | 557年 | 558年 | 559年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代
年:630年 | 631年 | 632年 | 633年 | 634年 | 635年 | 636年 | 637年 | 638年 | 639年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代
年:660年 | 661年 | 662年 | 663年 | 664年 | 665年 | 666年 | 667年 | 668年 | 669年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代
年:790年 | 791年 | 792年 | 793年 | 794年 | 795年 | 796年 | 797年 | 798年 | 799年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代
年:850年 | 851年 | 852年 | 853年 | 854年 | 855年 | 856年 | 857年 | 858年 | 859年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代
年:500年 | 501年 | 502年 | 503年 | 504年 | 505年 | 506年 | 507年 | 508年 | 509年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代
年:1190年 | 1191年 | 1192年 | 1193年 | 1194年 | 1195年 | 1196年 | 1197年 | 1198年 | 1199年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代
年:1070年 | 1071年 | 1072年 | 1073年 | 1074年 | 1075年 | 1076年 | 1077年 | 1078年 | 1079年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代
年:1110年 | 1111年 | 1112年 | 1113年 | 1114年 | 1115年 | 1116年 | 1117年 | 1118年 | 1119年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代
年:680年 | 681年 | 682年 | 683年 | 684年 | 685年 | 686年 | 687年 | 688年 | 689年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代
年:860年 | 861年 | 862年 | 863年 | 864年 | 865年 | 866年 | 867年 | 868年 | 869年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代
年:320年 | 321年 | 322年 | 323年 | 324年 | 325年 | 326年 | 327年 | 328年 | 329年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代
年:1420年 | 1421年 | 1422年 | 1423年 | 1424年 | 1425年 | 1426年 | 1427年 | 1428年 | 1429年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代
年:1150年 | 1151年 | 1152年 | 1153年 | 1154年 | 1155年 | 1156年 | 1157年 | 1158年 | 1159年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年 | 1284年 | 1285年 | 1286年 | 1287年 | 1288年 | 1289年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代
年:990年 | 991年 | 992年 | 993年 | 994年 | 995年 | 996年 | 997年 | 998年 | 999年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代
年:1350年 | 1351年 | 1352年 | 1353年 | 1354年 | 1355年 | 1356年 | 1357年 | 1358年 | 1359年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代
年:1480年 | 1481年 | 1482年 | 1483年 | 1484年 | 1485年 | 1486年 | 1487年 | 1488年 | 1489年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代
年:1660年 | 1661年 | 1662年 | 1663年 | 1664年 | 1665年 | 1666年 | 1667年 | 1668年 | 1669年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代
年:1840年 | 1841年 | 1842年 | 1843年 | 1844年 | 1845年 | 1846年 | 1847年 | 1848年 | 1849年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代
年:1620年 | 1621年 | 1622年 | 1623年 | 1624年 | 1625年 | 1626年 | 1627年 | 1628年 | 1629年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代
年:1800年 | 1801年 | 1802年 | 1803年 | 1804年 | 1805年 | 1806年 | 1807年 | 1808年 | 1809年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代
年:1730年 | 1731年 | 1732年 | 1733年 | 1734年 | 1735年 | 1736年 | 1737年 | 1738年 | 1739年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代
年:1860年 | 1861年 | 1862年 | 1863年 | 1864年 | 1865年 | 1866年 | 1867年 | 1868年 | 1869年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代
年:1910年 | 1911年 | 1912年 | 1913年 | 1914年 | 1915年 | 1916年 | 1917年 | 1918年 | 1919年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代
年:1520年 | 1521年 | 1522年 | 1523年 | 1524年 | 1525年 | 1526年 | 1527年 | 1528年 | 1529年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代
年:1960年 | 1961年 | 1962年 | 1963年 | 1964年 | 1965年 | 1966年 | 1967年 | 1968年 | 1969年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:Sèng 20年代 | Sèng 10年代 | Sèng 0年代 | 0年代 | 10年代 | 20年代 | 30年代
年:1年 | 2年 | 3年 | 4年 | 5年 | 6年 | 7年 | 8年 | 9年 | 10年 | 11年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:Sèng 0年代 | 0年代 | 10年代 | 20年代 | 30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代
年:18年 | 19年 | 20年 | 21年 | 22年 | 23年 | 24年 | 25年 | 26年 | 27年 | 28年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:0年代 | 10年代 | 20年代 | 30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代
年:30年 | 31年 | 32年 | 33年 | 34年 | 35年 | 36年 | 37年 | 38年 | 39年 | 40年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:Sèng 0年代 | 0年代 | 10年代 | 20年代 | 30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代
年:23年 | 24年 | 25年 | 26年 | 27年 | 28年 | 29年 | 30年 | 31年 | 32年 | 33年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:Sèng 10年代 | Sèng 0年代 | 0年代 | 10年代 | 20年代 | 30年代 | 40年代
年:12年 | 13年 | 14年 | 15年 | 16年 | 17年 | 18年 | 19年 | 20年 | 21年 | 22年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代
年:58年 | 59年 | 60年 | 61年 | 62年 | 63年 | 64年 | 65年 | 66年 | 67年 | 68年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:Sèng 20年代 | Sèng 10年代 | Sèng 0年代 | 0年代 | 10年代 | 20年代 | 30年代
年:Sèng 5年 | Sèng 4年 | Sèng 3年 | Sèng 2年 | Sèng 1年 | 1年 | 2年 | 3年 | 4年 | 5年 | 6年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:Sèng 0年代 | 0年代 | 10年代 | 20年代 | 30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代
年:21年 | 22年 | 23年 | 24年 | 25年 | 26年 | 27年 | 28年 | 29年 | 30年 | 31年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:0年代 | 10年代 | 20年代 | 30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代
年:33年 | 34年 | 35年 | 36年 | 37年 | 38年 | 39年 | 40年 | 41年 | 42年 | 43年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:20年代 | 30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代
年:45年 | 46年 | 47年 | 48年 | 49年 | 50年 | 51年 | 52年 | 53年 | 54年 | 55年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代
年:63年 | 64年 | 65年 | 66年 | 67年 | 68年 | 69年 | 70年 | 71年 | 72年 | 73年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:20年代 | 30年代 | 40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代
年:54年 | 55年 | 56年 | 57年 | 58年 | 59年 | 60年 | 61年 | 62年 | 63年 | 64年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代
年:66年 | 67年 | 68年 | 69年 | 70年 | 71年 | 72年 | 73年 | 74年 | 75年 | 76年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代
年:111年 | 112年 | 113年 | 114年 | 115年 | 116年 | 117年 | 118年 | 119年 | 120年 | 121年
農曆:丙辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代
年:72年 | 73年 | 74年 | 75年 | 76年 | 77年 | 78年 | 79年 | 80年 | 81年 | 82年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:40年代 | 50年代 | 60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代
年:69年 | 70年 | 71年 | 72年 | 73年 | 74年 | 75年 | 76年 | 77年 | 78年 | 79年
農曆:
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代
年:87年 | 88年 | 89年 | 90年 | 91年 | 92年 | 93年 | 94年 | 95年 | 96年 | 97年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代
年:95年 | 96年 | 97年 | 98年 | 99年 | 100年 | 101年 | 102年 | 103年 | 104年 | 105年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:Sèng 1世紀 | 1世紀 | 2世紀
年代:60年代 | 70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代
年:92年 | 93年 | 94年 | 95年 | 96年 | 97年 | 98年 | 99年 | 100年 | 101年 | 102年
農曆:丁酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代
年:104年 | 105年 | 106年 | 107年 | 108年 | 109年 | 110年 | 111年 | 112年 | 113年 | 114年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代
年:100年 | 101年 | 102年 | 103年 | 104年 | 105年 | 106年 | 107年 | 108年 | 109年 | 110年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代
年:97年 | 98年 | 99年 | 100年 | 101年 | 102年 | 103年 | 104年 | 105年 | 106年 | 107年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:70年代 | 80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代
年:103年 | 104年 | 105年 | 106年 | 107年 | 108年 | 109年 | 110年 | 111年 | 112年 | 113年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代
年:115年 | 116年 | 117年 | 118年 | 119年 | 120年 | 121年 | 122年 | 123年 | 124年 | 125年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代
年:114年 | 115年 | 116年 | 117年 | 118年 | 119年 | 120年 | 121年 | 122年 | 123年 | 124年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代
年:117年 | 118年 | 119年 | 120年 | 121年 | 122年 | 123年 | 124年 | 125年 | 126年 | 127年
農曆:壬戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代
年:128年 | 129年 | 130年 | 131年 | 132年 | 133年 | 134年 | 135年 | 136年 | 137年 | 138年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代
年:113年 | 114年 | 115年 | 116年 | 117年 | 118年 | 119年 | 120年 | 121年 | 122年 | 123年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代
年:123年 | 124年 | 125年 | 126年 | 127年 | 128年 | 129年 | 130年 | 131年 | 132年 | 133年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:80年代 | 90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代
年:110年 | 111年 | 112年 | 113年 | 114年 | 115年 | 116年 | 117年 | 118年 | 119年 | 120年
農曆:乙卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代
年:121年 | 122年 | 123年 | 124年 | 125年 | 126年 | 127年 | 128年 | 129年 | 130年 | 131年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代
年:118年 | 119年 | 120年 | 121年 | 122年 | 123年 | 124年 | 125年 | 126年 | 127年 | 128年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代
年:130年 | 131年 | 132年 | 133年 | 134年 | 135年 | 136年 | 137年 | 138年 | 139年 | 140年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代
年:119年 | 120年 | 121年 | 122年 | 123年 | 124年 | 125年 | 126年 | 127年 | 128年 | 129年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代
年:126年 | 127年 | 128年 | 129年 | 130年 | 131年 | 132年 | 133年 | 134年 | 135年 | 136年
農曆:辛未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:90年代 | 100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代
年:122年 | 123年 | 124年 | 125年 | 126年 | 127年 | 128年 | 129年 | 130年 | 131年 | 132年
農曆:丁卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代
年:148年 | 149年 | 150年 | 151年 | 152年 | 153年 | 154年 | 155年 | 156年 | 157年 | 158年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代
年:127年 | 128年 | 129年 | 130年 | 131年 | 132年 | 133年 | 134年 | 135年 | 136年 | 137年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代
年:129年 | 130年 | 131年 | 132年 | 133年 | 134年 | 135年 | 136年 | 137年 | 138年 | 139年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代
年:134年 | 135年 | 136年 | 137年 | 138年 | 139年 | 140年 | 141年 | 142年 | 143年 | 144年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:100年代 | 110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代
年:131年 | 132年 | 133年 | 134年 | 135年 | 136年 | 137年 | 138年 | 139年 | 140年 | 141年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代
年:143年 | 144年 | 145年 | 146年 | 147年 | 148年 | 149年 | 150年 | 151年 | 152年 | 153年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:110年代 | 120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代
年:144年 | 145年 | 146年 | 147年 | 148年 | 149年 | 150年 | 151年 | 152年 | 153年 | 154年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:120年代 | 130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代
年:152年 | 153年 | 154年 | 155年 | 156年 | 157年 | 158年 | 159年 | 160年 | 161年 | 162年
農曆:丁酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代
年:156年 | 157年 | 158年 | 159年 | 160年 | 161年 | 162年 | 163年 | 164年 | 165年 | 166年
農曆:辛丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代
年:159年 | 160年 | 161年 | 162年 | 163年 | 164年 | 165年 | 166年 | 167年 | 168年 | 169年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代
年:162年 | 163年 | 164年 | 165年 | 166年 | 167年 | 168年 | 169年 | 170年 | 171年 | 172年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代
年:175年 | 176年 | 177年 | 178年 | 179年 | 180年 | 181年 | 182年 | 183年 | 184年 | 185年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:130年代 | 140年代 | 150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代
年:157年 | 158年 | 159年 | 160年 | 161年 | 162年 | 163年 | 164年 | 165年 | 166年 | 167年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:150年代 | 160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代
年:183年 | 184年 | 185年 | 186年 | 187年 | 188年 | 189年 | 190年 | 191年 | 192年 | 193年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代
年:187年 | 188年 | 189年 | 190年 | 191年 | 192年 | 193年 | 194年 | 195年 | 196年 | 197年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代
年:195年 | 196年 | 197年 | 198年 | 199年 | 200年 | 201年 | 202年 | 203年 | 204年 | 205年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代
年:246年 | 247年 | 248年 | 249年 | 250年 | 251年 | 252年 | 253年 | 254年 | 255年 | 256年
農曆:辛未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代
年:213年 | 214年 | 215年 | 216年 | 217年 | 218年 | 219年 | 220年 | 221年 | 222年 | 223年
農曆:戊戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代
年:203年 | 204年 | 205年 | 206年 | 207年 | 208年 | 209年 | 210年 | 211年 | 212年 | 213年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代
年:211年 | 212年 | 213年 | 214年 | 215年 | 216年 | 217年 | 218年 | 219年 | 220年 | 221年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代
年:214年 | 215年 | 216年 | 217年 | 218年 | 219年 | 220年 | 221年 | 222年 | 223年 | 224年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代
年:260年 | 261年 | 262年 | 263年 | 264年 | 265年 | 266年 | 267年 | 268年 | 269年 | 270年
農曆:乙酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代
年:215年 | 216年 | 217年 | 218年 | 219年 | 220年 | 221年 | 222年 | 223年 | 224年 | 225年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代
年:234年 | 235年 | 236年 | 237年 | 238年 | 239年 | 240年 | 241年 | 242年 | 243年 | 244年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代
年:254年 | 255年 | 256年 | 257年 | 258年 | 259年 | 260年 | 261年 | 262年 | 263年 | 264年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代
年:235年 | 236年 | 237年 | 238年 | 239年 | 240年 | 241年 | 242年 | 243年 | 244年 | 245年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代
年:219年 | 220年 | 221年 | 222年 | 223年 | 224年 | 225年 | 226年 | 227年 | 228年 | 229年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:1世紀 | 2世紀 | 3世紀
年代:160年代 | 170年代 | 180年代 | 190年代 | 200年代 | 210年代 | 220年代
年:189年 | 190年 | 191年 | 192年 | 193年 | 194年 | 195年 | 196年 | 197年 | 198年 | 199年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:220年代 | 230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代
年:252年 | 253年 | 254年 | 255年 | 256年 | 257年 | 258年 | 259年 | 260年 | 261年 | 262年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代
年:267年 | 268年 | 269年 | 270年 | 271年 | 272年 | 273年 | 274年 | 275年 | 276年 | 277年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代
年:271年 | 272年 | 273年 | 274年 | 275年 | 276年 | 277年 | 278年 | 279年 | 280年 | 281年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代
年:276年 | 277年 | 278年 | 279年 | 280年 | 281年 | 282年 | 283年 | 284年 | 285年 | 286年
農曆:辛丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:230年代 | 240年代 | 250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代
年:261年 | 262年 | 263年 | 264年 | 265年 | 266年 | 267年 | 268年 | 269年 | 270年 | 271年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代
年:286年 | 287年 | 288年 | 289年 | 290年 | 291年 | 292年 | 293年 | 294年 | 295年 | 296年
農曆:辛亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代
年:290年 | 291年 | 292年 | 293年 | 294年 | 295年 | 296年 | 297年 | 298年 | 299年 | 300年
農曆:乙卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代
年:299年 | 300年 | 301年 | 302年 | 303年 | 304年 | 305年 | 306年 | 307年 | 308年 | 309年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代
年:297年 | 298年 | 299年 | 300年 | 301年 | 302年 | 303年 | 304年 | 305年 | 306年 | 307年
農曆:壬戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:2世紀 | 3世紀 | 4世紀
年代:250年代 | 260年代 | 270年代 | 280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代
年:279年 | 280年 | 281年 | 282年 | 283年 | 284年 | 285年 | 286年 | 287年 | 288年 | 289年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代
年:310年 | 311年 | 312年 | 313年 | 314年 | 315年 | 316年 | 317年 | 318年 | 319年 | 320年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代
年:333年 | 334年 | 335年 | 336年 | 337年 | 338年 | 339年 | 340年 | 341年 | 342年 | 343年
農曆:戊戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代
年:327年 | 328年 | 329年 | 330年 | 331年 | 332年 | 333年 | 334年 | 335年 | 336年 | 337年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代
年:334年 | 335年 | 336年 | 337年 | 338年 | 339年 | 340年 | 341年 | 342年 | 343年 | 344年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代
年:329年 | 330年 | 331年 | 332年 | 333年 | 334年 | 335年 | 336年 | 337年 | 338年 | 339年
農曆:甲午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代
年:340年 | 341年 | 342年 | 343年 | 344年 | 345年 | 346年 | 347年 | 348年 | 349年 | 350年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代
年:330年 | 331年 | 332年 | 333年 | 334年 | 335年 | 336年 | 337年 | 338年 | 339年 | 340年
農曆:乙未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代
年:331年 | 332年 | 333年 | 334年 | 335年 | 336年 | 337年 | 338年 | 339年 | 340年 | 341年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代
年:349年 | 350年 | 351年 | 352年 | 353年 | 354年 | 355年 | 356年 | 357年 | 358年 | 359年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代
年:326年 | 327年 | 328年 | 329年 | 330年 | 331年 | 332年 | 333年 | 334年 | 335年 | 336年
農曆:辛卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代
年:323年 | 324年 | 325年 | 326年 | 327年 | 328年 | 329年 | 330年 | 331年 | 332年 | 333年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代
年:319年 | 320年 | 321年 | 322年 | 323年 | 324年 | 325年 | 326年 | 327年 | 328年 | 329年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代
年:321年 | 322年 | 323年 | 324年 | 325年 | 326年 | 327年 | 328年 | 329年 | 330年 | 331年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代
年:317年 | 318年 | 319年 | 320年 | 321年 | 322年 | 323年 | 324年 | 325年 | 326年 | 327年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代
年:315年 | 316年 | 317年 | 318年 | 319年 | 320年 | 321年 | 322年 | 323年 | 324年 | 325年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代
年:312年 | 313年 | 314年 | 315年 | 316年 | 317年 | 318年 | 319年 | 320年 | 321年 | 322年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代
年:328年 | 329年 | 330年 | 331年 | 332年 | 333年 | 334年 | 335年 | 336年 | 337年 | 338年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:280年代 | 290年代 | 300年代 | 310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代
年:307年 | 308年 | 309年 | 310年 | 311年 | 312年 | 313年 | 314年 | 315年 | 316年 | 317年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代
年:348年 | 349年 | 350年 | 351年 | 352年 | 353年 | 354年 | 355年 | 356年 | 357年 | 358年
農曆:癸丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:310年代 | 320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代
年:344年 | 345年 | 346年 | 347年 | 348年 | 349年 | 350年 | 351年 | 352年 | 353年 | 354年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代
年:347年 | 348年 | 349年 | 350年 | 351年 | 352年 | 353年 | 354年 | 355年 | 356年 | 357年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代
年:352年 | 353年 | 354年 | 355年 | 356年 | 357年 | 358年 | 359年 | 360年 | 361年 | 362年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:320年代 | 330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代
年:345年 | 346年 | 347年 | 348年 | 349年 | 350年 | 351年 | 352年 | 353年 | 354年 | 355年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代
年:363年 | 364年 | 365年 | 366年 | 367年 | 368年 | 369年 | 370年 | 371年 | 372年 | 373年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代
年:364年 | 365年 | 366年 | 367年 | 368年 | 369年 | 370年 | 371年 | 372年 | 373年 | 374年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代
年:361年 | 362年 | 363年 | 364年 | 365年 | 366年 | 367年 | 368年 | 369年 | 370年 | 371年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代
年:356年 | 357年 | 358年 | 359年 | 360年 | 361年 | 362年 | 363年 | 364年 | 365年 | 366年
農曆:辛酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:330年代 | 340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代
年:357年 | 358年 | 359年 | 360年 | 361年 | 362年 | 363年 | 364年 | 365年 | 366年 | 367年
農曆:壬戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代
年:374年 | 375年 | 376年 | 377年 | 378年 | 379年 | 380年 | 381年 | 382年 | 383年 | 384年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代
年:392年 | 393年 | 394年 | 395年 | 396年 | 397年 | 398年 | 399年 | 400年 | 401年 | 402年
農曆:丁酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代
年:375年 | 376年 | 377年 | 378年 | 379年 | 380年 | 381年 | 382年 | 383年 | 384年 | 385年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:340年代 | 350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代
年:368年 | 369年 | 370年 | 371年 | 372年 | 373年 | 374年 | 375年 | 376年 | 377年 | 378年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代
年:379年 | 380年 | 381年 | 382年 | 383年 | 384年 | 385年 | 386年 | 387年 | 388年 | 389年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代
年:387年 | 388年 | 389年 | 390年 | 391年 | 392年 | 393年 | 394年 | 395年 | 396年 | 397年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代
年:388年 | 389年 | 390年 | 391年 | 392年 | 393年 | 394年 | 395年 | 396年 | 397年 | 398年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代
年:384年 | 385年 | 386年 | 387年 | 388年 | 389年 | 390年 | 391年 | 392年 | 393年 | 394年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代
年:386年 | 387年 | 388年 | 389年 | 390年 | 391年 | 392年 | 393年 | 394年 | 395年 | 396年
農曆:辛卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:350年代 | 360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代
年:383年 | 384年 | 385年 | 386年 | 387年 | 388年 | 389年 | 390年 | 391年 | 392年 | 393年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代
年:391年 | 392年 | 393年 | 394年 | 395年 | 396年 | 397年 | 398年 | 399年 | 400年 | 401年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:3世紀 | 4世紀 | 5世紀
年代:360年代 | 370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代
年:394年 | 395年 | 396年 | 397年 | 398年 | 399年 | 400年 | 401年 | 402年 | 403年 | 404年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代
年:398年 | 399年 | 400年 | 401年 | 402年 | 403年 | 404年 | 405年 | 406年 | 407年 | 408年
農曆:癸卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代
年:405年 | 406年 | 407年 | 408年 | 409年 | 410年 | 411年 | 412年 | 413年 | 414年 | 415年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代
年:399年 | 400年 | 401年 | 402年 | 403年 | 404年 | 405年 | 406年 | 407年 | 408年 | 409年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代
年:397年 | 398年 | 399年 | 400年 | 401年 | 402年 | 403年 | 404年 | 405年 | 406年 | 407年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:370年代 | 380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代
年:404年 | 405年 | 406年 | 407年 | 408年 | 409年 | 410年 | 411年 | 412年 | 413年 | 414年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代
年:407年 | 408年 | 409年 | 410年 | 411年 | 412年 | 413年 | 414年 | 415年 | 416年 | 417年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代
年:419年 | 420年 | 421年 | 422年 | 423年 | 424年 | 425年 | 426年 | 427年 | 428年 | 429年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代
年:420年 | 421年 | 422年 | 423年 | 424年 | 425年 | 426年 | 427年 | 428年 | 429年 | 430年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:380年代 | 390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代
年:413年 | 414年 | 415年 | 416年 | 417年 | 418年 | 419年 | 420年 | 421年 | 422年 | 423年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:390年代 | 400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代
年:424年 | 425年 | 426年 | 427年 | 428年 | 429年 | 430年 | 431年 | 432年 | 433年 | 434年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代
年:436年 | 437年 | 438年 | 439年 | 440年 | 441年 | 442年 | 443年 | 444年 | 445年 | 446年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代
年:429年 | 430年 | 431年 | 432年 | 433年 | 434年 | 435年 | 436年 | 437年 | 438年 | 439年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:400年代 | 410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代
年:425年 | 426年 | 427年 | 428年 | 429年 | 430年 | 431年 | 432年 | 433年 | 434年 | 435年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代
年:437年 | 438年 | 439年 | 440年 | 441年 | 442年 | 443年 | 444年 | 445年 | 446年 | 447年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代
年:454年 | 455年 | 456年 | 457年 | 458年 | 459年 | 460年 | 461年 | 462年 | 463年 | 464年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代
年:496年 | 497年 | 498年 | 499年 | 500年 | 501年 | 502年 | 503年 | 504年 | 505年 | 506年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代
年:441年 | 442年 | 443年 | 444年 | 445年 | 446年 | 447年 | 448年 | 449年 | 450年 | 451年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:410年代 | 420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代
年:444年 | 445年 | 446年 | 447年 | 448年 | 449年 | 450年 | 451年 | 452年 | 453年 | 454年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代
年:486年 | 487年 | 488年 | 489年 | 490年 | 491年 | 492年 | 493年 | 494年 | 495年 | 496年
農曆:辛未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代
年:525年 | 526年 | 527年 | 528年 | 529年 | 530年 | 531年 | 532年 | 533年 | 534年 | 535年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代
年:521年 | 522年 | 523年 | 524年 | 525年 | 526年 | 527年 | 528年 | 529年 | 530年 | 531年
農曆:丙午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代
年:491年 | 492年 | 493年 | 494年 | 495年 | 496年 | 497年 | 498年 | 499年 | 500年 | 501年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代
年:515年 | 516年 | 517年 | 518年 | 519年 | 520年 | 521年 | 522年 | 523年 | 524年 | 525年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代
年:513年 | 514年 | 515年 | 516年 | 517年 | 518年 | 519年 | 520年 | 521年 | 522年 | 523年
農曆:戊戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代
年:497年 | 498年 | 499年 | 500年 | 501年 | 502年 | 503年 | 504年 | 505年 | 506年 | 507年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代
年:511年 | 512年 | 513年 | 514年 | 515年 | 516年 | 517年 | 518年 | 519年 | 520年 | 521年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代
年:524年 | 525年 | 526年 | 527年 | 528年 | 529年 | 530年 | 531年 | 532年 | 533年 | 534年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代
年:476年 | 477年 | 478年 | 479年 | 480年 | 481年 | 482年 | 483年 | 484年 | 485年 | 486年
農曆:辛酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代
年:522年 | 523年 | 524年 | 525年 | 526年 | 527年 | 528年 | 529年 | 530年 | 531年 | 532年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代
年:489年 | 490年 | 491年 | 492年 | 493年 | 494年 | 495年 | 496年 | 497年 | 498年 | 499年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代
年:479年 | 480年 | 481年 | 482年 | 483年 | 484年 | 485年 | 486年 | 487年 | 488年 | 489年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代
年:472年 | 473年 | 474年 | 475年 | 476年 | 477年 | 478年 | 479年 | 480年 | 481年 | 482年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代
年:460年 | 461年 | 462年 | 463年 | 464年 | 465年 | 466年 | 467年 | 468年 | 469年 | 470年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代
年:501年 | 502年 | 503年 | 504年 | 505年 | 506年 | 507年 | 508年 | 509年 | 510年 | 511年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:420年代 | 430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代
年:450年 | 451年 | 452年 | 453年 | 454年 | 455年 | 456年 | 457年 | 458年 | 459年 | 460年
農曆:乙未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代 | 500年代
年:468年 | 469年 | 470年 | 471年 | 472年 | 473年 | 474年 | 475年 | 476年 | 477年 | 478年
農曆:癸丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:4世紀 | 5世紀 | 6世紀
年代:430年代 | 440年代 | 450年代 | 460年代 | 470年代 | 480年代 | 490年代
年:455年 | 456年 | 457年 | 458年 | 459年 | 460年 | 461年 | 462年 | 463年 | 464年 | 465年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代
年:516年 | 517年 | 518年 | 519年 | 520年 | 521年 | 522年 | 523年 | 524年 | 525年 | 526年
農曆:辛丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代
年:528年 | 529年 | 530年 | 531年 | 532年 | 533年 | 534年 | 535年 | 536年 | 537年 | 538年
農曆:癸丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代
年:529年 | 530年 | 531年 | 532年 | 533年 | 534年 | 535年 | 536年 | 537年 | 538年 | 539年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:490年代 | 500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代
年:520年 | 521年 | 522年 | 523年 | 524年 | 525年 | 526年 | 527年 | 528年 | 529年 | 530年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代
年:530年 | 531年 | 532年 | 533年 | 534年 | 535年 | 536年 | 537年 | 538年 | 539年 | 540年
農曆:乙卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代
年:533年 | 534年 | 535年 | 536年 | 537年 | 538年 | 539年 | 540年 | 541年 | 542年 | 543年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代
年:532年 | 533年 | 534年 | 535年 | 536年 | 537年 | 538年 | 539年 | 540年 | 541年 | 542年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代
年:540年 | 541年 | 542年 | 543年 | 544年 | 545年 | 546年 | 547年 | 548年 | 549年 | 550年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代
年:534年 | 535年 | 536年 | 537年 | 538年 | 539年 | 540年 | 541年 | 542年 | 543年 | 544年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:500年代 | 510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代
年:531年 | 532年 | 533年 | 534年 | 535年 | 536年 | 537年 | 538年 | 539年 | 540年 | 541年
農曆:丙辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代
年:542年 | 543年 | 544年 | 545年 | 546年 | 547年 | 548年 | 549年 | 550年 | 551年 | 552年
農曆:丁卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代
年:535年 | 536年 | 537年 | 538年 | 539年 | 540年 | 541年 | 542年 | 543年 | 544年 | 545年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代
年:539年 | 540年 | 541年 | 542年 | 543年 | 544年 | 545年 | 546年 | 547年 | 548年 | 549年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:510年代 | 520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代
年:538年 | 539年 | 540年 | 541年 | 542年 | 543年 | 544年 | 545年 | 546年 | 547年 | 548年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代
年:547年 | 548年 | 549年 | 550年 | 551年 | 552年 | 553年 | 554年 | 555年 | 556年 | 557年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代
年:548年 | 549年 | 550年 | 551年 | 552年 | 553年 | 554年 | 555年 | 556年 | 557年 | 558年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代
年:552年 | 553年 | 554年 | 555年 | 556年 | 557年 | 558年 | 559年 | 560年 | 561年 | 562年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代
年:554年 | 555年 | 556年 | 557年 | 558年 | 559年 | 560年 | 561年 | 562年 | 563年 | 564年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代
年:551年 | 552年 | 553年 | 554年 | 555年 | 556年 | 557年 | 558年 | 559年 | 560年 | 561年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代
年:555年 | 556年 | 557年 | 558年 | 559年 | 560年 | 561年 | 562年 | 563年 | 564年 | 565年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:520年代 | 530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代
年:549年 | 550年 | 551年 | 552年 | 553年 | 554年 | 555年 | 556年 | 557年 | 558年 | 559年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代
年:561年 | 562年 | 563年 | 564年 | 565年 | 566年 | 567年 | 568年 | 569年 | 570年 | 571年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代
年:556年 | 557年 | 558年 | 559年 | 560年 | 561年 | 562年 | 563年 | 564年 | 565年 | 566年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代
年:564年 | 565年 | 566年 | 567年 | 568年 | 569年 | 570年 | 571年 | 572年 | 573年 | 574年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代
年:559年 | 560年 | 561年 | 562年 | 563年 | 564年 | 565年 | 566年 | 567年 | 568年 | 569年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:530年代 | 540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代
年:558年 | 559年 | 560年 | 561年 | 562年 | 563年 | 564年 | 565年 | 566年 | 567年 | 568年
農曆:癸未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代
年:565年 | 566年 | 567年 | 568年 | 569年 | 570年 | 571年 | 572年 | 573年 | 574年 | 575年
農曆:庚寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:540年代 | 550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代
年:568年 | 569年 | 570年 | 571年 | 572年 | 573年 | 574年 | 575年 | 576年 | 577年 | 578年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代
年:576年 | 577年 | 578年 | 579年 | 580年 | 581年 | 582年 | 583年 | 584年 | 585年 | 586年
農曆:辛丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代
年:627年 | 628年 | 629年 | 630年 | 631年 | 632年 | 633年 | 634年 | 635年 | 636年 | 637年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代
年:596年 | 597年 | 598年 | 599年 | 600年 | 601年 | 602年 | 603年 | 604年 | 605年 | 606年
農曆:辛酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代
年:578年 | 579年 | 580年 | 581年 | 582年 | 583年 | 584年 | 585年 | 586年 | 587年 | 588年
農曆:癸卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代
年:579年 | 580年 | 581年 | 582年 | 583年 | 584年 | 585年 | 586年 | 587年 | 588年 | 589年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:550年代 | 560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代
年:575年 | 576年 | 577年 | 578年 | 579年 | 580年 | 581年 | 582年 | 583年 | 584年 | 585年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代
年:612年 | 613年 | 614年 | 615年 | 616年 | 617年 | 618年 | 619年 | 620年 | 621年 | 622年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代
年:595年 | 596年 | 597年 | 598年 | 599年 | 600年 | 601年 | 602年 | 603年 | 604年 | 605年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代
年:609年 | 610年 | 611年 | 612年 | 613年 | 614年 | 615年 | 616年 | 617年 | 618年 | 619年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:5世紀 | 6世紀 | 7世紀
年代:560年代 | 570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代
年:587年 | 588年 | 589年 | 590年 | 591年 | 592年 | 593年 | 594年 | 595年 | 596年 | 597年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:570年代 | 580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代
年:602年 | 603年 | 604年 | 605年 | 606年 | 607年 | 608年 | 609年 | 610年 | 611年 | 612年
農曆:丁卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代
年:664年 | 665年 | 666年 | 667年 | 668年 | 669年 | 670年 | 671年 | 672年 | 673年 | 674年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代
年:624年 | 625年 | 626年 | 627年 | 628年 | 629年 | 630年 | 631年 | 632年 | 633年 | 634年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:580年代 | 590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代
年:614年 | 615年 | 616年 | 617年 | 618年 | 619年 | 620年 | 621年 | 622年 | 623年 | 624年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:590年代 | 600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代
年:616年 | 617年 | 618年 | 619年 | 620年 | 621年 | 622年 | 623年 | 624年 | 625年 | 626年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代
年:643年 | 644年 | 645年 | 646年 | 647年 | 648年 | 649年 | 650年 | 651年 | 652年 | 653年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:600年代 | 610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代
年:634年 | 635年 | 636年 | 637年 | 638年 | 639年 | 640年 | 641年 | 642年 | 643年 | 644年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代
年:640年 | 641年 | 642年 | 643年 | 644年 | 645年 | 646年 | 647年 | 648年 | 649年 | 650年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代
年:652年 | 653年 | 654年 | 655年 | 656年 | 657年 | 658年 | 659年 | 660年 | 661年 | 662年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:610年代 | 620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代
年:642年 | 643年 | 644年 | 645年 | 646年 | 647年 | 648年 | 649年 | 650年 | 651年 | 652年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:620年代 | 630年代 | 640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代
年:647年 | 648年 | 649年 | 650年 | 651年 | 652年 | 653年 | 654年 | 655年 | 656年 | 657年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代
年:665年 | 666年 | 667年 | 668年 | 669年 | 670年 | 671年 | 672年 | 673年 | 674年 | 675年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代
年:677年 | 678年 | 679年 | 680年 | 681年 | 682年 | 683年 | 684年 | 685年 | 686年 | 687年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代
年:669年 | 670年 | 671年 | 672年 | 673年 | 674年 | 675年 | 676年 | 677年 | 678年 | 679年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:640年代 | 650年代 | 660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代
年:668年 | 669年 | 670年 | 671年 | 672年 | 673年 | 674年 | 675年 | 676年 | 677年 | 678年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代
年:685年 | 686年 | 687年 | 688年 | 689年 | 690年 | 691年 | 692年 | 693年 | 694年 | 695年
農曆:庚寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代
年:686年 | 687年 | 688年 | 689年 | 690年 | 691年 | 692年 | 693年 | 694年 | 695年 | 696年
農曆:辛卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代
年:688年 | 689年 | 690年 | 691年 | 692年 | 693年 | 694年 | 695年 | 696年 | 697年 | 698年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代
年:690年 | 691年 | 692年 | 693年 | 694年 | 695年 | 696年 | 697年 | 698年 | 699年 | 700年
農曆:乙未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代
年:695年 | 696年 | 697年 | 698年 | 699年 | 700年 | 701年 | 702年 | 703年 | 704年 | 705年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:6世紀 | 7世紀 | 8世紀
年代:660年代 | 670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代
年:693年 | 694年 | 695年 | 696年 | 697年 | 698年 | 699年 | 700年 | 701年 | 702年 | 703年
農曆:戊戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代
年:699年 | 700年 | 701年 | 702年 | 703年 | 704年 | 705年 | 706年 | 707年 | 708年 | 709年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代
年:697年 | 698年 | 699年 | 700年 | 701年 | 702年 | 703年 | 704年 | 705年 | 706年 | 707年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代
年:700年 | 701年 | 702年 | 703年 | 704年 | 705年 | 706年 | 707年 | 708年 | 709年 | 710年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代
年:703年 | 704年 | 705年 | 706年 | 707年 | 708年 | 709年 | 710年 | 711年 | 712年 | 713年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代
年:705年 | 706年 | 707年 | 708年 | 709年 | 710年 | 711年 | 712年 | 713年 | 714年 | 715年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:670年代 | 680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代
年:704年 | 705年 | 706年 | 707年 | 708年 | 709年 | 710年 | 711年 | 712年 | 713年 | 714年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代
年:709年 | 710年 | 711年 | 712年 | 713年 | 714年 | 715年 | 716年 | 717年 | 718年 | 719年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代
年:706年 | 707年 | 708年 | 709年 | 710年 | 711年 | 712年 | 713年 | 714年 | 715年 | 716年
農曆:辛亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代
年:712年 | 713年 | 714年 | 715年 | 716年 | 717年 | 718年 | 719年 | 720年 | 721年 | 722年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代
年:715年 | 716年 | 717年 | 718年 | 719年 | 720年 | 721年 | 722年 | 723年 | 724年 | 725年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代
年:717年 | 718年 | 719年 | 720年 | 721年 | 722年 | 723年 | 724年 | 725年 | 726年 | 727年
農曆:壬戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代
年:708年 | 709年 | 710年 | 711年 | 712年 | 713年 | 714年 | 715年 | 716年 | 717年 | 718年
農曆:癸丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:680年代 | 690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代
年:710年 | 711年 | 712年 | 713年 | 714年 | 715年 | 716年 | 717年 | 718年 | 719年 | 720年
農曆:乙卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代
年:725年 | 726年 | 727年 | 728年 | 729年 | 730年 | 731年 | 732年 | 733年 | 734年 | 735年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代
年:757年 | 758年 | 759年 | 760年 | 761年 | 762年 | 763年 | 764年 | 765年 | 766年 | 767年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代
年:736年 | 737年 | 738年 | 739年 | 740年 | 741年 | 742年 | 743年 | 744年 | 745年 | 746年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:690年代 | 700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代
年:721年 | 722年 | 723年 | 724年 | 725年 | 726年 | 727年 | 728年 | 729年 | 730年 | 731年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代
年:747年 | 748年 | 749年 | 750年 | 751年 | 752年 | 753年 | 754年 | 755年 | 756年 | 757年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代
年:779年 | 780年 | 781年 | 782年 | 783年 | 784年 | 785年 | 786年 | 787年 | 788年 | 789年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代
年:740年 | 741年 | 742年 | 743年 | 744年 | 745年 | 746年 | 747年 | 748年 | 749年 | 750年
農曆:乙酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:700年代 | 710年代 | 720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代
年:734年 | 735年 | 736年 | 737年 | 738年 | 739年 | 740年 | 741年 | 742年 | 743年 | 744年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代
年:754年 | 755年 | 756年 | 757年 | 758年 | 759年 | 760年 | 761年 | 762年 | 763年 | 764年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:720年代 | 730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代
年:751年 | 752年 | 753年 | 754年 | 755年 | 756年 | 757年 | 758年 | 759年 | 760年 | 761年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代
年:765年 | 766年 | 767年 | 768年 | 769年 | 770年 | 771年 | 772年 | 773年 | 774年 | 775年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:730年代 | 740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代
年:762年 | 763年 | 764年 | 765年 | 766年 | 767年 | 768年 | 769年 | 770年 | 771年 | 772年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代
年:780年 | 781年 | 782年 | 783年 | 784年 | 785年 | 786年 | 787年 | 788年 | 789年 | 790年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:740年代 | 750年代 | 760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代
年:768年 | 769年 | 770年 | 771年 | 772年 | 773年 | 774年 | 775年 | 776年 | 777年 | 778年
農曆:癸丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代
年:803年 | 804年 | 805年 | 806年 | 807年 | 808年 | 809年 | 810年 | 811年 | 812年 | 813年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代
年:786年 | 787年 | 788年 | 789年 | 790年 | 791年 | 792年 | 793年 | 794年 | 795年 | 796年
農曆:辛未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代
年:792年 | 793年 | 794年 | 795年 | 796年 | 797年 | 798年 | 799年 | 800年 | 801年 | 802年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代
年:802年 | 803年 | 804年 | 805年 | 806年 | 807年 | 808年 | 809年 | 810年 | 811年 | 812年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:7世紀 | 8世紀 | 9世紀
年代:760年代 | 770年代 | 780年代 | 790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代
年:794年 | 795年 | 796年 | 797年 | 798年 | 799年 | 800年 | 801年 | 802年 | 803年 | 804年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代
年:817年 | 818年 | 819年 | 820年 | 821年 | 822年 | 823年 | 824年 | 825年 | 826年 | 827年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代
年:819年 | 820年 | 821年 | 822年 | 823年 | 824年 | 825年 | 826年 | 827年 | 828年 | 829年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代
年:824年 | 825年 | 826年 | 827年 | 828年 | 829年 | 830年 | 831年 | 832年 | 833年 | 834年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:790年代 | 800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代
年:815年 | 816年 | 817年 | 818年 | 819年 | 820年 | 821年 | 822年 | 823年 | 824年 | 825年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代
年:827年 | 828年 | 829年 | 830年 | 831年 | 832年 | 833年 | 834年 | 835年 | 836年 | 837年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代
年:838年 | 839年 | 840年 | 841年 | 842年 | 843年 | 844年 | 845年 | 846年 | 847年 | 848年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:800年代 | 810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代
年:834年 | 835年 | 836年 | 837年 | 838年 | 839年 | 840年 | 841年 | 842年 | 843年 | 844年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代
年:849年 | 850年 | 851年 | 852年 | 853年 | 854年 | 855年 | 856年 | 857年 | 858年 | 859年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:810年代 | 820年代 | 830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代
年:840年 | 841年 | 842年 | 843年 | 844年 | 845年 | 846年 | 847年 | 848年 | 849年 | 850年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代
年:866年 | 867年 | 868年 | 869年 | 870年 | 871年 | 872年 | 873年 | 874年 | 875年 | 876年
農曆:辛卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代
年:879年 | 880年 | 881年 | 882年 | 883年 | 884年 | 885年 | 886年 | 887年 | 888年 | 889年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代
年:861年 | 862年 | 863年 | 864年 | 865年 | 866年 | 867年 | 868年 | 869年 | 870年 | 871年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代
年:870年 | 871年 | 872年 | 873年 | 874年 | 875年 | 876年 | 877年 | 878年 | 879年 | 880年
農曆:乙未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代
年:862年 | 863年 | 864年 | 865年 | 866年 | 867年 | 868年 | 869年 | 870年 | 871年 | 872年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:830年代 | 840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代
年:859年 | 860年 | 861年 | 862年 | 863年 | 864年 | 865年 | 866年 | 867年 | 868年 | 869年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代
年:894年 | 895年 | 896年 | 897年 | 898年 | 899年 | 900年 | 901年 | 902年 | 903年 | 904年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代
年:873年 | 874年 | 875年 | 876年 | 877年 | 878年 | 879年 | 880年 | 881年 | 882年 | 883年
農曆:戊戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代
年:880年 | 881年 | 882年 | 883年 | 884年 | 885年 | 886年 | 887年 | 888年 | 889年 | 890年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代
年:893年 | 894年 | 895年 | 896年 | 897年 | 898年 | 899年 | 900年 | 901年 | 902年 | 903年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代
年:872年 | 873年 | 874年 | 875年 | 876年 | 877年 | 878年 | 879年 | 880年 | 881年 | 882年
農曆:丁酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代
年:883年 | 884年 | 885年 | 886年 | 887年 | 888年 | 889年 | 890年 | 891年 | 892年 | 893年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代
年:890年 | 891年 | 892年 | 893年 | 894年 | 895年 | 896年 | 897年 | 898年 | 899年 | 900年
農曆:乙卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:840年代 | 850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代
年:869年 | 870年 | 871年 | 872年 | 873年 | 874年 | 875年 | 876年 | 877年 | 878年 | 879年
農曆:甲午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代
年:885年 | 886年 | 887年 | 888年 | 889年 | 890年 | 891年 | 892年 | 893年 | 894年 | 895年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:8世紀 | 9世紀 | 10世紀
年代:850年代 | 860年代 | 870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代
年:884年 | 885年 | 886年 | 887年 | 888年 | 889年 | 890年 | 891年 | 892年 | 893年 | 894年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代
年:900年 | 901年 | 902年 | 903年 | 904年 | 905年 | 906年 | 907年 | 908年 | 909年 | 910年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代
年:905年 | 906年 | 907年 | 908年 | 909年 | 910年 | 911年 | 912年 | 913年 | 914年 | 915年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代
年:903年 | 904年 | 905年 | 906年 | 907年 | 908年 | 909年 | 910年 | 911年 | 912年 | 913年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代
年:904年 | 905年 | 906年 | 907年 | 908年 | 909年 | 910年 | 911年 | 912年 | 913年 | 914年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:870年代 | 880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代
年:902年 | 903年 | 904年 | 905年 | 906年 | 907年 | 908年 | 909年 | 910年 | 911年 | 912年
農曆:丁卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代
年:916年 | 917年 | 918年 | 919年 | 920年 | 921年 | 922年 | 923年 | 924年 | 925年 | 926年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代
年:906年 | 907年 | 908年 | 909年 | 910年 | 911年 | 912年 | 913年 | 914年 | 915年 | 916年
農曆:辛未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代
年:910年 | 911年 | 912年 | 913年 | 914年 | 915年 | 916年 | 917年 | 918年 | 919年 | 920年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代
年:909年 | 910年 | 911年 | 912年 | 913年 | 914年 | 915年 | 916年 | 917年 | 918年 | 919年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代
年:908年 | 909年 | 910年 | 911年 | 912年 | 913年 | 914年 | 915年 | 916年 | 917年 | 918年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代
年:913年 | 914年 | 915年 | 916年 | 917年 | 918年 | 919年 | 920年 | 921年 | 922年 | 923年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代
年:907年 | 908年 | 909年 | 910年 | 911年 | 912年 | 913年 | 914年 | 915年 | 916年 | 917年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代
年:919年 | 920年 | 921年 | 922年 | 923年 | 924年 | 925年 | 926年 | 927年 | 928年 | 929年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代
年:918年 | 919年 | 920年 | 921年 | 922年 | 923年 | 924年 | 925年 | 926年 | 927年 | 928年
農曆:癸未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代
年:923年 | 924年 | 925年 | 926年 | 927年 | 928年 | 929年 | 930年 | 931年 | 932年 | 933年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代
年:922年 | 923年 | 924年 | 925年 | 926年 | 927年 | 928年 | 929年 | 930年 | 931年 | 932年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代
年:986年 | 987年 | 988年 | 989年 | 990年 | 991年 | 992年 | 993年 | 994年 | 995年 | 996年
農曆:辛卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代
年:982年 | 983年 | 984年 | 985年 | 986年 | 987年 | 988年 | 989年 | 990年 | 991年 | 992年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代
年:959年 | 960年 | 961年 | 962年 | 963年 | 964年 | 965年 | 966年 | 967年 | 968年 | 969年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代
年:975年 | 976年 | 977年 | 978年 | 979年 | 980年 | 981年 | 982年 | 983年 | 984年 | 985年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代
年:971年 | 972年 | 973年 | 974年 | 975年 | 976年 | 977年 | 978年 | 979年 | 980年 | 981年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代
年:974年 | 975年 | 976年 | 977年 | 978年 | 979年 | 980年 | 981年 | 982年 | 983年 | 984年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代
年:970年 | 971年 | 972年 | 973年 | 974年 | 975年 | 976年 | 977年 | 978年 | 979年 | 980年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:880年代 | 890年代 | 900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代
年:911年 | 912年 | 913年 | 914年 | 915年 | 916年 | 917年 | 918年 | 919年 | 920年 | 921年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代
年:954年 | 955年 | 956年 | 957年 | 958年 | 959年 | 960年 | 961年 | 962年 | 963年 | 964年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代
年:948年 | 949年 | 950年 | 951年 | 952年 | 953年 | 954年 | 955年 | 956年 | 957年 | 958年
農曆:癸丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代
年:952年 | 953年 | 954年 | 955年 | 956年 | 957年 | 958年 | 959年 | 960年 | 961年 | 962年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:960年代 | 970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代
年:994年 | 995年 | 996年 | 997年 | 998年 | 999年 | 1000年 | 1001年 | 1002年 | 1003年 | 1004年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代
年:944年 | 945年 | 946年 | 947年 | 948年 | 949年 | 950年 | 951年 | 952年 | 953年 | 954年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:900年代 | 910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代
年:928年 | 929年 | 930年 | 931年 | 932年 | 933年 | 934年 | 935年 | 936年 | 937年 | 938年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代
年:939年 | 940年 | 941年 | 942年 | 943年 | 944年 | 945年 | 946年 | 947年 | 948年 | 949年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代
年:936年 | 937年 | 938年 | 939年 | 940年 | 941年 | 942年 | 943年 | 944年 | 945年 | 946年
農曆:辛丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:910年代 | 920年代 | 930年代 | 940年代 | 950年代 | 960年代 | 970年代
年:935年 | 936年 | 937年 | 938年 | 939年 | 940年 | 941年 | 942年 | 943年 | 944年 | 945年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:1千紀
世紀:9世紀 | 10世紀 | 11世紀
年代:970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代
年:995年 | 996年 | 997年 | 998年 | 999年 | 1000年 | 1001年 | 1002年 | 1003年 | 1004年 | 1005年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代
年:1005年 | 1006年 | 1007年 | 1008年 | 1009年 | 1010年 | 1011年 | 1012年 | 1013年 | 1014年 | 1015年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:970年代 | 980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代
年:997年 | 998年 | 999年 | 1000年 | 1001年 | 1002年 | 1003年 | 1004年 | 1005年 | 1006年 | 1007年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代
年:1023年 | 1024年 | 1025年 | 1026年 | 1027年 | 1028年 | 1029年 | 1030年 | 1031年 | 1032年 | 1033年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代
年:1014年 | 1015年 | 1016年 | 1017年 | 1018年 | 1019年 | 1020年 | 1021年 | 1022年 | 1023年 | 1024年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代
年:1049年 | 1050年 | 1051年 | 1052年 | 1053年 | 1054年 | 1055年 | 1056年 | 1057年 | 1058年 | 1059年
農曆:甲午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代
年:1024年 | 1025年 | 1026年 | 1027年 | 1028年 | 1029年 | 1030年 | 1031年 | 1032年 | 1033年 | 1034年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代
年:1018年 | 1019年 | 1020年 | 1021年 | 1022年 | 1023年 | 1024年 | 1025年 | 1026年 | 1027年 | 1028年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:980年代 | 990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代
年:1013年 | 1014年 | 1015年 | 1016年 | 1017年 | 1018年 | 1019年 | 1020年 | 1021年 | 1022年 | 1023年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代
年:1025年 | 1026年 | 1027年 | 1028年 | 1029年 | 1030年 | 1031年 | 1032年 | 1033年 | 1034年 | 1035年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代
年:1036年 | 1037年 | 1038年 | 1039年 | 1040年 | 1041年 | 1042年 | 1043年 | 1044年 | 1045年 | 1046年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:990年代 | 1000年代 | 1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代
年:1021年 | 1022年 | 1023年 | 1024年 | 1025年 | 1026年 | 1027年 | 1028年 | 1029年 | 1030年 | 1031年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代
年:1051年 | 1052年 | 1053年 | 1054年 | 1055年 | 1056年 | 1057年 | 1058年 | 1059年 | 1060年 | 1061年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代
年:1061年 | 1062年 | 1063年 | 1064年 | 1065年 | 1066年 | 1067年 | 1068年 | 1069年 | 1070年 | 1071年
農曆:丙午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代
年:1035年 | 1036年 | 1037年 | 1038年 | 1039年 | 1040年 | 1041年 | 1042年 | 1043年 | 1044年 | 1045年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代
年:1039年 | 1040年 | 1041年 | 1042年 | 1043年 | 1044年 | 1045年 | 1046年 | 1047年 | 1048年 | 1049年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1010年代 | 1020年代 | 1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代
年:1044年 | 1045年 | 1046年 | 1047年 | 1048年 | 1049年 | 1050年 | 1051年 | 1052年 | 1053年 | 1054年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代
年:1055年 | 1056年 | 1057年 | 1058年 | 1059年 | 1060年 | 1061年 | 1062年 | 1063年 | 1064年 | 1065年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代
年:1059年 | 1060年 | 1061年 | 1062年 | 1063年 | 1064年 | 1065年 | 1066年 | 1067年 | 1068年 | 1069年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代
年:1060年 | 1061年 | 1062年 | 1063年 | 1064年 | 1065年 | 1066年 | 1067年 | 1068年 | 1069年 | 1070年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代
年:1069年 | 1070年 | 1071年 | 1072年 | 1073年 | 1074年 | 1075年 | 1076年 | 1077年 | 1078年 | 1079年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代
年:1062年 | 1063年 | 1064年 | 1065年 | 1066年 | 1067年 | 1068年 | 1069年 | 1070年 | 1071年 | 1072年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代
年:1064年 | 1065年 | 1066年 | 1067年 | 1068年 | 1069年 | 1070年 | 1071年 | 1072年 | 1073年 | 1074年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代
年:1067年 | 1068年 | 1069年 | 1070年 | 1071年 | 1072年 | 1073年 | 1074年 | 1075年 | 1076年 | 1077年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1030年代 | 1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代
年:1063年 | 1064年 | 1065年 | 1066年 | 1067年 | 1068年 | 1069年 | 1070年 | 1071年 | 1072年 | 1073年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代
年:1066年 | 1067年 | 1068年 | 1069年 | 1070年 | 1071年 | 1072年 | 1073年 | 1074年 | 1075年 | 1076年
農曆:辛亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代
年:1073年 | 1074年 | 1075年 | 1076年 | 1077年 | 1078年 | 1079年 | 1080年 | 1081年 | 1082年 | 1083年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1040年代 | 1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代
年:1072年 | 1073年 | 1074年 | 1075年 | 1076年 | 1077年 | 1078年 | 1079年 | 1080年 | 1081年 | 1082年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代
年:1075年 | 1076年 | 1077年 | 1078年 | 1079年 | 1080年 | 1081年 | 1082年 | 1083年 | 1084年 | 1085年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代
年:1079年 | 1080年 | 1081年 | 1082年 | 1083年 | 1084年 | 1085年 | 1086年 | 1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代
年:1081年 | 1082年 | 1083年 | 1084年 | 1085年 | 1086年 | 1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代
年:1080年 | 1081年 | 1082年 | 1083年 | 1084年 | 1085年 | 1086年 | 1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年 | 1101年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代
年:1082年 | 1083年 | 1084年 | 1085年 | 1086年 | 1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年
農曆:丁卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1085年 | 1086年 | 1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代
年:1083年 | 1084年 | 1085年 | 1086年 | 1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1050年代 | 1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代
年:1084年 | 1085年 | 1086年 | 1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1086年 | 1087年 | 1088年 | 1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年
農曆:辛未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代
年:1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年 | 1101年 | 1102年 | 1103年 | 1104年 | 1105年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1089年 | 1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1090年 | 1091年 | 1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代
年:1107年 | 1108年 | 1109年 | 1110年 | 1111年 | 1112年 | 1113年 | 1114年 | 1115年 | 1116年 | 1117年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代
年:1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年 | 1101年 | 1102年 | 1103年 | 1104年 | 1105年 | 1106年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年 | 1101年 | 1102年 | 1103年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代
年:1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年 | 1101年 | 1102年 | 1103年 | 1104年 | 1105年 | 1106年 | 1107年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代
年:1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年 | 1101年 | 1102年 | 1103年 | 1104年 | 1105年 | 1106年 | 1107年 | 1108年
農曆:癸未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年 | 1101年 | 1102年 | 1103年 | 1104年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代
年:1101年 | 1102年 | 1103年 | 1104年 | 1105年 | 1106年 | 1107年 | 1108年 | 1109年 | 1110年 | 1111年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:10世紀 | 11世紀 | 12世紀
年代:1060年代 | 1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代
年:1092年 | 1093年 | 1094年 | 1095年 | 1096年 | 1097年 | 1098年 | 1099年 | 1100年 | 1101年 | 1102年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代
年:1103年 | 1104年 | 1105年 | 1106年 | 1107年 | 1108年 | 1109年 | 1110年 | 1111年 | 1112年 | 1113年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1070年代 | 1080年代 | 1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代
年:1104年 | 1105年 | 1106年 | 1107年 | 1108年 | 1109年 | 1110年 | 1111年 | 1112年 | 1113年 | 1114年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代
年:1116年 | 1117年 | 1118年 | 1119年 | 1120年 | 1121年 | 1122年 | 1123年 | 1124年 | 1125年 | 1126年
農曆:辛丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代
年:1117年 | 1118年 | 1119年 | 1120年 | 1121年 | 1122年 | 1123年 | 1124年 | 1125年 | 1126年 | 1127年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代
年:1118年 | 1119年 | 1120年 | 1121年 | 1122年 | 1123年 | 1124年 | 1125年 | 1126年 | 1127年 | 1128年
農曆:癸卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1090年代 | 1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代
年:1119年 | 1120年 | 1121年 | 1122年 | 1123年 | 1124年 | 1125年 | 1126年 | 1127年 | 1128年 | 1129年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代
年:1126年 | 1127年 | 1128年 | 1129年 | 1130年 | 1131年 | 1132年 | 1133年 | 1134年 | 1135年 | 1136年
農曆:辛亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代
年:1127年 | 1128年 | 1129年 | 1130年 | 1131年 | 1132年 | 1133年 | 1134年 | 1135年 | 1136年 | 1137年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代
年:1134年 | 1135年 | 1136年 | 1137年 | 1138年 | 1139年 | 1140年 | 1141年 | 1142年 | 1143年 | 1144年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1100年代 | 1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代
年:1132年 | 1133年 | 1134年 | 1135年 | 1136年 | 1137年 | 1138年 | 1139年 | 1140年 | 1141年 | 1142年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代
年:1153年 | 1154年 | 1155年 | 1156年 | 1157年 | 1158年 | 1159年 | 1160年 | 1161年 | 1162年 | 1163年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代
年:1146年 | 1147年 | 1148年 | 1149年 | 1150年 | 1151年 | 1152年 | 1153年 | 1154年 | 1155年 | 1156年
農曆:辛未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代
年:1156年 | 1157年 | 1158年 | 1159年 | 1160年 | 1161年 | 1162年 | 1163年 | 1164年 | 1165年 | 1166年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代
年:1148年 | 1149年 | 1150年 | 1151年 | 1152年 | 1153年 | 1154年 | 1155年 | 1156年 | 1157年 | 1158年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代
年:1169年 | 1170年 | 1171年 | 1172年 | 1173年 | 1174年 | 1175年 | 1176年 | 1177年 | 1178年 | 1179年
農曆:甲午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代
年:1155年 | 1156年 | 1157年 | 1158年 | 1159年 | 1160年 | 1161年 | 1162年 | 1163年 | 1164年 | 1165年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代
年:1164年 | 1165年 | 1166年 | 1167年 | 1168年 | 1169年 | 1170年 | 1171年 | 1172年 | 1173年 | 1174年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代
年:1218年 | 1219年 | 1220年 | 1221年 | 1222年 | 1223年 | 1224年 | 1225年 | 1226年 | 1227年 | 1228年
農曆:癸未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1110年代 | 1120年代 | 1130年代 | 1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代
年:1137年 | 1138年 | 1139年 | 1140年 | 1141年 | 1142年 | 1143年 | 1144年 | 1145年 | 1146年 | 1147年
農曆:壬戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代
年:1186年 | 1187年 | 1188年 | 1189年 | 1190年 | 1191年 | 1192年 | 1193年 | 1194年 | 1195年 | 1196年
農曆:辛亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代
年:1178年 | 1179年 | 1180年 | 1181年 | 1182年 | 1183年 | 1184年 | 1185年 | 1186年 | 1187年 | 1188年
農曆:癸卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代
年:1179年 | 1180年 | 1181年 | 1182年 | 1183年 | 1184年 | 1185年 | 1186年 | 1187年 | 1188年 | 1189年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代
年:1216年 | 1217年 | 1218年 | 1219年 | 1220年 | 1221年 | 1222年 | 1223年 | 1224年 | 1225年 | 1226年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代
年:1192年 | 1193年 | 1194年 | 1195年 | 1196年 | 1197年 | 1198年 | 1199年 | 1200年 | 1201年 | 1202年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代
年:1208年 | 1209年 | 1210年 | 1211年 | 1212年 | 1213年 | 1214年 | 1215年 | 1216年 | 1217年 | 1218年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代
年:1183年 | 1184年 | 1185年 | 1186年 | 1187年 | 1188年 | 1189年 | 1190年 | 1191年 | 1192年 | 1193年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代
年:1220年 | 1221年 | 1222年 | 1223年 | 1224年 | 1225年 | 1226年 | 1227年 | 1228年 | 1229年 | 1230年
農曆:乙酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代
年:1200年 | 1201年 | 1202年 | 1203年 | 1204年 | 1205年 | 1206年 | 1207年 | 1208年 | 1209年 | 1210年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代
年:1234年 | 1235年 | 1236年 | 1237年 | 1238年 | 1239年 | 1240年 | 1241年 | 1242年 | 1243年 | 1244年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代
年:1221年 | 1222年 | 1223年 | 1224年 | 1225年 | 1226年 | 1227年 | 1228年 | 1229年 | 1230年 | 1231年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:11世紀 | 12世紀 | 13世紀
年代:1140年代 | 1150年代 | 1160年代 | 1170年代 | 1180年代 | 1190年代 | 1200年代
年:1174年 | 1175年 | 1176年 | 1177年 | 1178年 | 1179年 | 1180年 | 1181年 | 1182年 | 1183年 | 1184年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代
年:1232年 | 1233年 | 1234年 | 1235年 | 1236年 | 1237年 | 1238年 | 1239年 | 1240年 | 1241年 | 1242年
農曆:丁酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代
年:1229年 | 1230年 | 1231年 | 1232年 | 1233年 | 1234年 | 1235年 | 1236年 | 1237年 | 1238年 | 1239年
農曆:甲午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代
年:1237年 | 1238年 | 1239年 | 1240年 | 1241年 | 1242年 | 1243年 | 1244年 | 1245年 | 1246年 | 1247年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代
年:1238年 | 1239年 | 1240年 | 1241年 | 1242年 | 1243年 | 1244年 | 1245年 | 1246年 | 1247年 | 1248年
農曆:癸卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代
年:1239年 | 1240年 | 1241年 | 1242年 | 1243年 | 1244年 | 1245年 | 1246年 | 1247年 | 1248年 | 1249年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1190年代 | 1200年代 | 1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代
年:1222年 | 1223年 | 1224年 | 1225年 | 1226年 | 1227年 | 1228年 | 1229年 | 1230年 | 1231年 | 1232年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代
年:1235年 | 1236年 | 1237年 | 1238年 | 1239年 | 1240年 | 1241年 | 1242年 | 1243年 | 1244年 | 1245年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代
年:1241年 | 1242年 | 1243年 | 1244年 | 1245年 | 1246年 | 1247年 | 1248年 | 1249年 | 1250年 | 1251年
農曆:丙午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代
年:1246年 | 1247年 | 1248年 | 1249年 | 1250年 | 1251年 | 1252年 | 1253年 | 1254年 | 1255年 | 1256年
農曆:辛亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代
年:1243年 | 1244年 | 1245年 | 1246年 | 1247年 | 1248年 | 1249年 | 1250年 | 1251年 | 1252年 | 1253年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代
年:1242年 | 1243年 | 1244年 | 1245年 | 1246年 | 1247年 | 1248年 | 1249年 | 1250年 | 1251年 | 1252年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1210年代 | 1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代
年:1244年 | 1245年 | 1246年 | 1247年 | 1248年 | 1249年 | 1250年 | 1251年 | 1252年 | 1253年 | 1254年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代
年:1255年 | 1256年 | 1257年 | 1258年 | 1259年 | 1260年 | 1261年 | 1262年 | 1263年 | 1264年 | 1265年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代
年:1267年 | 1268年 | 1269年 | 1270年 | 1271年 | 1272年 | 1273年 | 1274年 | 1275年 | 1276年 | 1277年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代
年:1258年 | 1259年 | 1260年 | 1261年 | 1262年 | 1263年 | 1264年 | 1265年 | 1266年 | 1267年 | 1268年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代
年:1252年 | 1253年 | 1254年 | 1255年 | 1256年 | 1257年 | 1258年 | 1259年 | 1260年 | 1261年 | 1262年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1220年代 | 1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代
年:1249年 | 1250年 | 1251年 | 1252年 | 1253年 | 1254年 | 1255年 | 1256年 | 1257年 | 1258年 | 1259年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代
年:1263年 | 1264年 | 1265年 | 1266年 | 1267年 | 1268年 | 1269年 | 1270年 | 1271年 | 1272年 | 1273年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代
年:1262年 | 1263年 | 1264年 | 1265年 | 1266年 | 1267年 | 1268年 | 1269年 | 1270年 | 1271年 | 1272年
農曆:丁卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1230年代 | 1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代
年:1259年 | 1260年 | 1261年 | 1262年 | 1263年 | 1264年 | 1265年 | 1266年 | 1267年 | 1268年 | 1269年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代
年:1271年 | 1272年 | 1273年 | 1274年 | 1275年 | 1276年 | 1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代
年:1269年 | 1270年 | 1271年 | 1272年 | 1273年 | 1274年 | 1275年 | 1276年 | 1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代
年:1272年 | 1273年 | 1274年 | 1275年 | 1276年 | 1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代
年:1273年 | 1274年 | 1275年 | 1276年 | 1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代
年:1270年 | 1271年 | 1272年 | 1273年 | 1274年 | 1275年 | 1276年 | 1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1275年 | 1276年 | 1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年 | 1284年 | 1285年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1240年代 | 1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代
年:1274年 | 1275年 | 1276年 | 1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年 | 1284年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年 | 1284年 | 1285年 | 1286年 | 1287年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1276年 | 1277年 | 1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年 | 1284年 | 1285年 | 1286年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1278年 | 1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年 | 1284年 | 1285年 | 1286年 | 1287年 | 1288年
農曆:癸未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代
年:1287年 | 1288年 | 1289年 | 1290年 | 1291年 | 1292年 | 1293年 | 1294年 | 1295年 | 1296年 | 1297年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年 | 1284年 | 1285年 | 1286年 | 1287年 | 1288年 | 1289年 | 1290年
農曆:乙酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1279年 | 1280年 | 1281年 | 1282年 | 1283年 | 1284年 | 1285年 | 1286年 | 1287年 | 1288年 | 1289年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1284年 | 1285年 | 1286年 | 1287年 | 1288年 | 1289年 | 1290年 | 1291年 | 1292年 | 1293年 | 1294年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代
年:1303年 | 1304年 | 1305年 | 1306年 | 1307年 | 1308年 | 1309年 | 1310年 | 1311年 | 1312年 | 1313年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代
年:1295年 | 1296年 | 1297年 | 1298年 | 1299年 | 1300年 | 1301年 | 1302年 | 1303年 | 1304年 | 1305年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代
年:1285年 | 1286年 | 1287年 | 1288年 | 1289年 | 1290年 | 1291年 | 1292年 | 1293年 | 1294年 | 1295年
農曆:庚寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代
年:1293年 | 1294年 | 1295年 | 1296年 | 1297年 | 1298年 | 1299年 | 1300年 | 1301年 | 1302年 | 1303年
農曆:戊戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:12世紀 | 13世紀 | 14世紀
年代:1250年代 | 1260年代 | 1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代
年:1283年 | 1284年 | 1285年 | 1286年 | 1287年 | 1288年 | 1289年 | 1290年 | 1291年 | 1292年 | 1293年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代
年:1307年 | 1308年 | 1309年 | 1310年 | 1311年 | 1312年 | 1313年 | 1314年 | 1315年 | 1316年 | 1317年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1270年代 | 1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代
年:1302年 | 1303年 | 1304年 | 1305年 | 1306年 | 1307年 | 1308年 | 1309年 | 1310年 | 1311年 | 1312年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1280年代 | 1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代
年:1308年 | 1309年 | 1310年 | 1311年 | 1312年 | 1313年 | 1314年 | 1315年 | 1316年 | 1317年 | 1318年
農曆:癸丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代
年:1320年 | 1321年 | 1322年 | 1323年 | 1324年 | 1325年 | 1326年 | 1327年 | 1328年 | 1329年 | 1330年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代
年:1324年 | 1325年 | 1326年 | 1327年 | 1328年 | 1329年 | 1330年 | 1331年 | 1332年 | 1333年 | 1334年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1290年代 | 1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代
年:1323年 | 1324年 | 1325年 | 1326年 | 1327年 | 1328年 | 1329年 | 1330年 | 1331年 | 1332年 | 1333年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代
年:1328年 | 1329年 | 1330年 | 1331年 | 1332年 | 1333年 | 1334年 | 1335年 | 1336年 | 1337年 | 1338年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代
年:1332年 | 1333年 | 1334年 | 1335年 | 1336年 | 1337年 | 1338年 | 1339年 | 1340年 | 1341年 | 1342年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1300年代 | 1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代
年:1333年 | 1334年 | 1335年 | 1336年 | 1337年 | 1338年 | 1339年 | 1340年 | 1341年 | 1342年 | 1343年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代
年:1343年 | 1344年 | 1345年 | 1346年 | 1347年 | 1348年 | 1349年 | 1350年 | 1351年 | 1352年 | 1353年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1310年代 | 1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代
年:1337年 | 1338年 | 1339年 | 1340年 | 1341年 | 1342年 | 1343年 | 1344年 | 1345年 | 1346年 | 1347年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代
年:1378年 | 1379年 | 1380年 | 1381年 | 1382年 | 1383年 | 1384年 | 1385年 | 1386年 | 1387年 | 1388年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代
年:1355年 | 1356年 | 1357年 | 1358年 | 1359年 | 1360年 | 1361年 | 1362年 | 1363年 | 1364年 | 1365年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1320年代 | 1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代
年:1347年 | 1348年 | 1349年 | 1350年 | 1351年 | 1352年 | 1353年 | 1354年 | 1355年 | 1356年 | 1357年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代
年:1360年 | 1361年 | 1362年 | 1363年 | 1364年 | 1365年 | 1366年 | 1367年 | 1368年 | 1369年 | 1370年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代
年:1375年 | 1376年 | 1377年 | 1378年 | 1379年 | 1380年 | 1381年 | 1382年 | 1383年 | 1384年 | 1385年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1396年 | 1397年 | 1398年 | 1399年 | 1400年 | 1401年 | 1402年 | 1403年 | 1404年 | 1405年 | 1406年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代
年:1372年 | 1373年 | 1374年 | 1375年 | 1376年 | 1377年 | 1378年 | 1379年 | 1380年 | 1381年 | 1382年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1330年代 | 1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代
年:1363年 | 1364年 | 1365年 | 1366年 | 1367年 | 1368年 | 1369年 | 1370年 | 1371年 | 1372年 | 1373年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1397年 | 1398年 | 1399年 | 1400年 | 1401年 | 1402年 | 1403年 | 1404年 | 1405年 | 1406年 | 1407年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1340年代 | 1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代
年:1369年 | 1370年 | 1371年 | 1372年 | 1373年 | 1374年 | 1375年 | 1376年 | 1377年 | 1378年 | 1379年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代
年:1385年 | 1386年 | 1387年 | 1388年 | 1389年 | 1390年 | 1391年 | 1392年 | 1393年 | 1394年 | 1395年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代
年:1379年 | 1380年 | 1381年 | 1382年 | 1383年 | 1384年 | 1385年 | 1386年 | 1387年 | 1388年 | 1389年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代
年:1388年 | 1389年 | 1390年 | 1391年 | 1392年 | 1393年 | 1394年 | 1395年 | 1396年 | 1397年 | 1398年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1350年代 | 1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代
年:1381年 | 1382年 | 1383年 | 1384年 | 1385年 | 1386年 | 1387年 | 1388年 | 1389年 | 1390年 | 1391年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代
年:1393年 | 1394年 | 1395年 | 1396年 | 1397年 | 1398年 | 1399年 | 1400年 | 1401年 | 1402年 | 1403年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1360年代 | 1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代
年:1394年 | 1395年 | 1396年 | 1397年 | 1398年 | 1399年 | 1400年 | 1401年 | 1402年 | 1403年 | 1404年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:13世紀 | 14世紀 | 15世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1395年 | 1396年 | 1397年 | 1398年 | 1399年 | 1400年 | 1401年 | 1402年 | 1403年 | 1404年 | 1405年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1399年 | 1400年 | 1401年 | 1402年 | 1403年 | 1404年 | 1405年 | 1406年 | 1407年 | 1408年 | 1409年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1400年 | 1401年 | 1402年 | 1403年 | 1404年 | 1405年 | 1406年 | 1407年 | 1408年 | 1409年 | 1410年
農曆:乙酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1404年 | 1405年 | 1406年 | 1407年 | 1408年 | 1409年 | 1410年 | 1411年 | 1412年 | 1413年 | 1414年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1401年 | 1402年 | 1403年 | 1404年 | 1405年 | 1406年 | 1407年 | 1408年 | 1409年 | 1410年 | 1411年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1402年 | 1403年 | 1404年 | 1405年 | 1406年 | 1407年 | 1408年 | 1409年 | 1410年 | 1411年 | 1412年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代
年:1412年 | 1413年 | 1414年 | 1415年 | 1416年 | 1417年 | 1418年 | 1419年 | 1420年 | 1421年 | 1422年
農曆:丁酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代
年:1409年 | 1410年 | 1411年 | 1412年 | 1413年 | 1414年 | 1415年 | 1416年 | 1417年 | 1418年 | 1419年
農曆:甲午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代
年:1405年 | 1406年 | 1407年 | 1408年 | 1409年 | 1410年 | 1411年 | 1412年 | 1413年 | 1414年 | 1415年
農曆:庚寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代
年:1413年 | 1414年 | 1415年 | 1416年 | 1417年 | 1418年 | 1419年 | 1420年 | 1421年 | 1422年 | 1423年
農曆:戊戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代
年:1407年 | 1408年 | 1409年 | 1410年 | 1411年 | 1412年 | 1413年 | 1414年 | 1415年 | 1416年 | 1417年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1370年代 | 1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代
年:1403年 | 1404年 | 1405年 | 1406年 | 1407年 | 1408年 | 1409年 | 1410年 | 1411年 | 1412年 | 1413年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代
年:1410年 | 1411年 | 1412年 | 1413年 | 1414年 | 1415年 | 1416年 | 1417年 | 1418年 | 1419年 | 1420年
農曆:乙未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代
年:1417年 | 1418年 | 1419年 | 1420年 | 1421年 | 1422年 | 1423年 | 1424年 | 1425年 | 1426年 | 1427年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代
年:1414年 | 1415年 | 1416年 | 1417年 | 1418年 | 1419年 | 1420年 | 1421年 | 1422年 | 1423年 | 1424年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代
年:1425年 | 1426年 | 1427年 | 1428年 | 1429年 | 1430年 | 1431年 | 1432年 | 1433年 | 1434年 | 1435年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代
年:1428年 | 1429年 | 1430年 | 1431年 | 1432年 | 1433年 | 1434年 | 1435年 | 1436年 | 1437年 | 1438年
農曆:癸丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代
年:1422年 | 1423年 | 1424年 | 1425年 | 1426年 | 1427年 | 1428年 | 1429年 | 1430年 | 1431年 | 1432年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1380年代 | 1390年代 | 1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代
年:1408年 | 1409年 | 1410年 | 1411年 | 1412年 | 1413年 | 1414年 | 1415年 | 1416年 | 1417年 | 1418年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代
年:1427年 | 1428年 | 1429年 | 1430年 | 1431年 | 1432年 | 1433年 | 1434年 | 1435年 | 1436年 | 1437年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代
年:1442年 | 1443年 | 1444年 | 1445年 | 1446年 | 1447年 | 1448年 | 1449年 | 1450年 | 1451年 | 1452年
農曆:丁卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代
年:1440年 | 1441年 | 1442年 | 1443年 | 1444年 | 1445年 | 1446年 | 1447年 | 1448年 | 1449年 | 1450年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代
年:1448年 | 1449年 | 1450年 | 1451年 | 1452年 | 1453年 | 1454年 | 1455年 | 1456年 | 1457年 | 1458年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代
年:1449年 | 1450年 | 1451年 | 1452年 | 1453年 | 1454年 | 1455年 | 1456年 | 1457年 | 1458年 | 1459年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1400年代 | 1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代
年:1430年 | 1431年 | 1432年 | 1433年 | 1434年 | 1435年 | 1436年 | 1437年 | 1438年 | 1439年 | 1440年
農曆:乙卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代
年:1454年 | 1455年 | 1456年 | 1457年 | 1458年 | 1459年 | 1460年 | 1461年 | 1462年 | 1463年 | 1464年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1410年代 | 1420年代 | 1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代
年:1436年 | 1437年 | 1438年 | 1439年 | 1440年 | 1441年 | 1442年 | 1443年 | 1444年 | 1445年 | 1446年
農曆:辛酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代
年:1466年 | 1467年 | 1468年 | 1469年 | 1470年 | 1471年 | 1472年 | 1473年 | 1474年 | 1475年 | 1476年
農曆:辛卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代
年:1464年 | 1465年 | 1466年 | 1467年 | 1468年 | 1469年 | 1470年 | 1471年 | 1472年 | 1473年 | 1474年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代
年:1471年 | 1472年 | 1473年 | 1474年 | 1475年 | 1476年 | 1477年 | 1478年 | 1479年 | 1480年 | 1481年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代
年:1474年 | 1475年 | 1476年 | 1477年 | 1478年 | 1479年 | 1480年 | 1481年 | 1482年 | 1483年 | 1484年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1430年代 | 1440年代 | 1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代
年:1462年 | 1463年 | 1464年 | 1465年 | 1466年 | 1467年 | 1468年 | 1469年 | 1470年 | 1471年 | 1472年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代
年:1475年 | 1476年 | 1477年 | 1478年 | 1479年 | 1480年 | 1481年 | 1482年 | 1483年 | 1484年 | 1485年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1450年代 | 1460年代 | 1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代
年:1479年 | 1480年 | 1481年 | 1482年 | 1483年 | 1484年 | 1485年 | 1486年 | 1487年 | 1488年 | 1489年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代
年:1516年 | 1517年 | 1518年 | 1519年 | 1520年 | 1521年 | 1522年 | 1523年 | 1524年 | 1525年 | 1526年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代
年:1535年 | 1536年 | 1537年 | 1538年 | 1539年 | 1540年 | 1541年 | 1542年 | 1543年 | 1544年 | 1545年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代
年:1531年 | 1532年 | 1533年 | 1534年 | 1535年 | 1536年 | 1537年 | 1538年 | 1539年 | 1540年 | 1541年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:14世紀 | 15世紀 | 16世紀
年代:1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代
年:1495年 | 1496年 | 1497年 | 1498年 | 1499年 | 1500年 | 1501年 | 1502年 | 1503年 | 1504年 | 1505年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代
年:1503年 | 1504年 | 1505年 | 1506年 | 1507年 | 1508年 | 1509年 | 1510年 | 1511年 | 1512年 | 1513年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代
年:1564年 | 1565年 | 1566年 | 1567年 | 1568年 | 1569年 | 1570年 | 1571年 | 1572年 | 1573年 | 1574年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代
年:1556年 | 1557年 | 1558年 | 1559年 | 1560年 | 1561年 | 1562年 | 1563年 | 1564年 | 1565年 | 1566年
農曆:辛酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代
年:1557年 | 1558年 | 1559年 | 1560年 | 1561年 | 1562年 | 1563年 | 1564年 | 1565年 | 1566年 | 1567年
農曆:壬戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代
年:1553年 | 1554年 | 1555年 | 1556年 | 1557年 | 1558年 | 1559年 | 1560年 | 1561年 | 1562年 | 1563年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代
年:1547年 | 1548年 | 1549年 | 1550年 | 1551年 | 1552年 | 1553年 | 1554年 | 1555年 | 1556年 | 1557年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代
年:1560年 | 1561年 | 1562年 | 1563年 | 1564年 | 1565年 | 1566年 | 1567年 | 1568年 | 1569年 | 1570年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代
年:1541年 | 1542年 | 1543年 | 1544年 | 1545年 | 1546年 | 1547年 | 1548年 | 1549年 | 1550年 | 1551年
農曆:丙午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代
年:1519年 | 1520年 | 1521年 | 1522年 | 1523年 | 1524年 | 1525年 | 1526年 | 1527年 | 1528年 | 1529年
農曆:甲申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1470年代 | 1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代
年:1497年 | 1498年 | 1499年 | 1500年 | 1501年 | 1502年 | 1503年 | 1504年 | 1505年 | 1506年 | 1507年
農曆:壬戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代
年:1510年 | 1511年 | 1512年 | 1513年 | 1514年 | 1515年 | 1516年 | 1517年 | 1518年 | 1519年 | 1520年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代
年:1528年 | 1529年 | 1530年 | 1531年 | 1532年 | 1533年 | 1534年 | 1535年 | 1536年 | 1537年 | 1538年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代
年:1513年 | 1514年 | 1515年 | 1516年 | 1517年 | 1518年 | 1519年 | 1520年 | 1521年 | 1522年 | 1523年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1480年代 | 1490年代 | 1500年代 | 1510年代 | 1520年代 | 1530年代 | 1540年代
年:1508年 | 1509年 | 1510年 | 1511年 | 1512年 | 1513年 | 1514年 | 1515年 | 1516年 | 1517年 | 1518年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代
年:1573年 | 1574年 | 1575年 | 1576年 | 1577年 | 1578年 | 1579年 | 1580年 | 1581年 | 1582年 | 1583年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代
年:1575年 | 1576年 | 1577年 | 1578年 | 1579年 | 1580年 | 1581年 | 1582年 | 1583年 | 1584年 | 1585年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代
年:1581年 | 1582年 | 1583年 | 1584年 | 1585年 | 1586年 | 1587年 | 1588年 | 1589年 | 1590年 | 1591年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代
年:1574年 | 1575年 | 1576年 | 1577年 | 1578年 | 1579年 | 1580年 | 1581年 | 1582年 | 1583年 | 1584年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代
年:1578年 | 1579年 | 1580年 | 1581年 | 1582年 | 1583年 | 1584年 | 1585年 | 1586年 | 1587年 | 1588年
農曆:癸未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代
年:1576年 | 1577年 | 1578年 | 1579年 | 1580年 | 1581年 | 1582年 | 1583年 | 1584年 | 1585年 | 1586年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代
年:1568年 | 1569年 | 1570年 | 1571年 | 1572年 | 1573年 | 1574年 | 1575年 | 1576年 | 1577年 | 1578年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代
年:1591年 | 1592年 | 1593年 | 1594年 | 1595年 | 1596年 | 1597年 | 1598年 | 1599年 | 1600年 | 1601年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代
年:1594年 | 1595年 | 1596年 | 1597年 | 1598年 | 1599年 | 1600年 | 1601年 | 1602年 | 1603年 | 1604年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1540年代 | 1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代
年:1569年 | 1570年 | 1571年 | 1572年 | 1573年 | 1574年 | 1575年 | 1576年 | 1577年 | 1578年 | 1579年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代
年:1582年 | 1583年 | 1584年 | 1585年 | 1586年 | 1587年 | 1588年 | 1589年 | 1590年 | 1591年 | 1592年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代
年:1580年 | 1581年 | 1582年 | 1583年 | 1584年 | 1585年 | 1586年 | 1587年 | 1588年 | 1589年 | 1590年
農曆:乙酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代
年:1583年 | 1584年 | 1585年 | 1586年 | 1587年 | 1588年 | 1589年 | 1590年 | 1591年 | 1592年 | 1593年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代
年:1585年 | 1586年 | 1587年 | 1588年 | 1589年 | 1590年 | 1591年 | 1592年 | 1593年 | 1594年 | 1595年
農曆:庚寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1550年代 | 1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代
年:1584年 | 1585年 | 1586年 | 1587年 | 1588年 | 1589年 | 1590年 | 1591年 | 1592年 | 1593年 | 1594年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代
年:1586年 | 1587年 | 1588年 | 1589年 | 1590年 | 1591年 | 1592年 | 1593年 | 1594年 | 1595年 | 1596年
農曆:辛卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代
年:1592年 | 1593年 | 1594年 | 1595年 | 1596年 | 1597年 | 1598年 | 1599年 | 1600年 | 1601年 | 1602年
農曆:丁酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代
年:1595年 | 1596年 | 1597年 | 1598年 | 1599年 | 1600年 | 1601年 | 1602年 | 1603年 | 1604年 | 1605年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:15世紀 | 16世紀 | 17世紀
年代:1560年代 | 1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代
年:1590年 | 1591年 | 1592年 | 1593年 | 1594年 | 1595年 | 1596年 | 1597年 | 1598年 | 1599年 | 1600年
農曆:乙未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代
年:1599年 | 1600年 | 1601年 | 1602年 | 1603年 | 1604年 | 1605年 | 1606年 | 1607年 | 1608年 | 1609年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代
年:1602年 | 1603年 | 1604年 | 1605年 | 1606年 | 1607年 | 1608年 | 1609年 | 1610年 | 1611年 | 1612年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代
年:1598年 | 1599年 | 1600年 | 1601年 | 1602年 | 1603年 | 1604年 | 1605年 | 1606年 | 1607年 | 1608年
農曆:癸卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1570年代 | 1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代
年:1600年 | 1601年 | 1602年 | 1603年 | 1604年 | 1605年 | 1606年 | 1607年 | 1608年 | 1609年 | 1610年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代
年:1613年 | 1614年 | 1615年 | 1616年 | 1617年 | 1618年 | 1619年 | 1620年 | 1621年 | 1622年 | 1623年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代
年:1609年 | 1610年 | 1611年 | 1612年 | 1613年 | 1614年 | 1615年 | 1616年 | 1617年 | 1618年 | 1619年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代
年:1614年 | 1615年 | 1616年 | 1617年 | 1618年 | 1619年 | 1620年 | 1621年 | 1622年 | 1623年 | 1624年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代
年:1612年 | 1613年 | 1614年 | 1615年 | 1616年 | 1617年 | 1618年 | 1619年 | 1620年 | 1621年 | 1622年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1580年代 | 1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代
年:1605年 | 1606年 | 1607年 | 1608年 | 1609年 | 1610年 | 1611年 | 1612年 | 1613年 | 1614年 | 1615年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代
年:1625年 | 1626年 | 1627年 | 1628年 | 1629年 | 1630年 | 1631年 | 1632年 | 1633年 | 1634年 | 1635年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代
年:1624年 | 1625年 | 1626年 | 1627年 | 1628年 | 1629年 | 1630年 | 1631年 | 1632年 | 1633年 | 1634年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代
年:1619年 | 1620年 | 1621年 | 1622年 | 1623年 | 1624年 | 1625年 | 1626年 | 1627年 | 1628年 | 1629年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代
年:1651年 | 1652年 | 1653年 | 1654年 | 1655年 | 1656年 | 1657年 | 1658年 | 1659年 | 1660年 | 1661年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代
年:1650年 | 1651年 | 1652年 | 1653年 | 1654年 | 1655年 | 1656年 | 1657年 | 1658年 | 1659年 | 1660年
農曆:乙未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1590年代 | 1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代
年:1621年 | 1622年 | 1623年 | 1624年 | 1625年 | 1626年 | 1627年 | 1628年 | 1629年 | 1630年 | 1631年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1600年代 | 1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代
年:1628年 | 1629年 | 1630年 | 1631年 | 1632年 | 1633年 | 1634年 | 1635年 | 1636年 | 1637年 | 1638年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代
年:1635年 | 1636年 | 1637年 | 1638年 | 1639年 | 1640年 | 1641年 | 1642年 | 1643年 | 1644年 | 1645年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代
年:1643年 | 1644年 | 1645年 | 1646年 | 1647年 | 1648年 | 1649年 | 1650年 | 1651年 | 1652年 | 1653年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代
年:1642年 | 1643年 | 1644年 | 1645年 | 1646年 | 1647年 | 1648年 | 1649年 | 1650年 | 1651年 | 1652年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1610年代 | 1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代
年:1636年 | 1637年 | 1638年 | 1639年 | 1640年 | 1641年 | 1642年 | 1643年 | 1644年 | 1645年 | 1646年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代
年:1657年 | 1658年 | 1659年 | 1660年 | 1661年 | 1662年 | 1663年 | 1664年 | 1665年 | 1666年 | 1667年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代
年:1661年 | 1662年 | 1663年 | 1664年 | 1665年 | 1666年 | 1667年 | 1668年 | 1669年 | 1670年 | 1671年
農曆:丙午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代
年:1670年 | 1671年 | 1672年 | 1673年 | 1674年 | 1675年 | 1676年 | 1677年 | 1678年 | 1679年 | 1680年
農曆:乙卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代
年:1680年 | 1681年 | 1682年 | 1683年 | 1684年 | 1685年 | 1686年 | 1687年 | 1688年 | 1689年 | 1690年
農曆:乙丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代
年:1677年 | 1678年 | 1679年 | 1680年 | 1681年 | 1682年 | 1683年 | 1684年 | 1685年 | 1686年 | 1687年
農曆:壬戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代
年:1678年 | 1679年 | 1680年 | 1681年 | 1682年 | 1683年 | 1684年 | 1685年 | 1686年 | 1687年 | 1688年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代
年:1689年 | 1690年 | 1691年 | 1692年 | 1693年 | 1694年 | 1695年 | 1696年 | 1697年 | 1698年 | 1699年
農曆:甲戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代
年:1704年 | 1705年 | 1706年 | 1707年 | 1708年 | 1709年 | 1710年 | 1711年 | 1712年 | 1713年 | 1714年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1620年代 | 1630年代 | 1640年代 | 1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代
年:1647年 | 1648年 | 1649年 | 1650年 | 1651年 | 1652年 | 1653年 | 1654年 | 1655年 | 1656年 | 1657年
農曆:壬辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代
年:1708年 | 1709年 | 1710年 | 1711年 | 1712年 | 1713年 | 1714年 | 1715年 | 1716年 | 1717年 | 1718年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代
年:1727年 | 1728年 | 1729年 | 1730年 | 1731年 | 1732年 | 1733年 | 1734年 | 1735年 | 1736年 | 1737年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代
年:1693年 | 1694年 | 1695年 | 1696年 | 1697年 | 1698年 | 1699年 | 1700年 | 1701年 | 1702年 | 1703年
農曆:戊寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:16世紀 | 17世紀 | 18世紀
年代:1650年代 | 1660年代 | 1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代
年:1681年 | 1682年 | 1683年 | 1684年 | 1685年 | 1686年 | 1687年 | 1688年 | 1689年 | 1690年 | 1691年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1670年代 | 1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代
年:1703年 | 1704年 | 1705年 | 1706年 | 1707年 | 1708年 | 1709年 | 1710年 | 1711年 | 1712年 | 1713年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代
年:1723年 | 1724年 | 1725年 | 1726年 | 1727年 | 1728年 | 1729年 | 1730年 | 1731年 | 1732年 | 1733年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1680年代 | 1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代
年:1711年 | 1712年 | 1713年 | 1714年 | 1715年 | 1716年 | 1717年 | 1718年 | 1719年 | 1720年 | 1721年
農曆:丙申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1690年代 | 1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代
年:1719年 | 1720年 | 1721年 | 1722年 | 1723年 | 1724年 | 1725年 | 1726年 | 1727年 | 1728年 | 1729年
農曆:甲辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代
年:1729年 | 1730年 | 1731年 | 1732年 | 1733年 | 1734年 | 1735年 | 1736年 | 1737年 | 1738年 | 1739年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代
年:1731年 | 1732年 | 1733年 | 1734年 | 1735年 | 1736年 | 1737年 | 1738年 | 1739年 | 1740年 | 1741年
農曆:丙辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代
年:1733年 | 1734年 | 1735年 | 1736年 | 1737年 | 1738年 | 1739年 | 1740年 | 1741年 | 1742年 | 1743年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1700年代 | 1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代
年:1732年 | 1733年 | 1734年 | 1735年 | 1736年 | 1737年 | 1738年 | 1739年 | 1740年 | 1741年 | 1742年
農曆:丁巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代
年:1738年 | 1739年 | 1740年 | 1741年 | 1742年 | 1743年 | 1744年 | 1745年 | 1746年 | 1747年 | 1748年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代
年:1736年 | 1737年 | 1738年 | 1739年 | 1740年 | 1741年 | 1742年 | 1743年 | 1744年 | 1745年 | 1746年
農曆:辛酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代
年:1741年 | 1742年 | 1743年 | 1744年 | 1745年 | 1746年 | 1747年 | 1748年 | 1749年 | 1750年 | 1751年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代
年:1742年 | 1743年 | 1744年 | 1745年 | 1746年 | 1747年 | 1748年 | 1749年 | 1750年 | 1751年 | 1752年
農曆:丁卯年（兔年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代
年:1744年 | 1745年 | 1746年 | 1747年 | 1748年 | 1749年 | 1750年 | 1751年 | 1752年 | 1753年 | 1754年
農曆:己巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1710年代 | 1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代
年:1743年 | 1744年 | 1745年 | 1746年 | 1747年 | 1748年 | 1749年 | 1750年 | 1751年 | 1752年 | 1753年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代
年:1747年 | 1748年 | 1749年 | 1750年 | 1751年 | 1752年 | 1753年 | 1754年 | 1755年 | 1756年 | 1757年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代
年:1748年 | 1749年 | 1750年 | 1751年 | 1752年 | 1753年 | 1754年 | 1755年 | 1756年 | 1757年 | 1758年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代
年:1757年 | 1758年 | 1759年 | 1760年 | 1761年 | 1762年 | 1763年 | 1764年 | 1765年 | 1766年 | 1767年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代
年:1751年 | 1752年 | 1753年 | 1754年 | 1755年 | 1756年 | 1757年 | 1758年 | 1759年 | 1760年 | 1761年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代
年:1756年 | 1757年 | 1758年 | 1759年 | 1760年 | 1761年 | 1762年 | 1763年 | 1764年 | 1765年 | 1766年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代
年:1755年 | 1756年 | 1757年 | 1758年 | 1759年 | 1760年 | 1761年 | 1762年 | 1763年 | 1764年 | 1765年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代
年:1765年 | 1766年 | 1767年 | 1768年 | 1769年 | 1770年 | 1771年 | 1772年 | 1773年 | 1774年 | 1775年
農曆:庚寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代
年:1810年 | 1811年 | 1812年 | 1813年 | 1814年 | 1815年 | 1816年 | 1817年 | 1818年 | 1819年 | 1820年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代
年:1770年 | 1771年 | 1772年 | 1773年 | 1774年 | 1775年 | 1776年 | 1777年 | 1778年 | 1779年 | 1780年
農曆:乙未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代
年:1782年 | 1783年 | 1784年 | 1785年 | 1786年 | 1787年 | 1788年 | 1789年 | 1790年 | 1791年 | 1792年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代
年:1793年 | 1794年 | 1795年 | 1796年 | 1797年 | 1798年 | 1799年 | 1800年 | 1801年 | 1802年 | 1803年
農曆:戊午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代
年:1815年 | 1816年 | 1817年 | 1818年 | 1819年 | 1820年 | 1821年 | 1822年 | 1823年 | 1824年 | 1825年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代
年:1806年 | 1807年 | 1808年 | 1809年 | 1810年 | 1811年 | 1812年 | 1813年 | 1814年 | 1815年 | 1816年
農曆:辛未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代
年:1787年 | 1788年 | 1789年 | 1790年 | 1791年 | 1792年 | 1793年 | 1794年 | 1795年 | 1796年 | 1797年
農曆:壬子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代
年:1780年 | 1781年 | 1782年 | 1783年 | 1784年 | 1785年 | 1786年 | 1787年 | 1788年 | 1789年 | 1790年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1720年代 | 1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代
年:1745年 | 1746年 | 1747年 | 1748年 | 1749年 | 1750年 | 1751年 | 1752年 | 1753年 | 1754年 | 1755年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:17世紀 | 18世紀 | 19世紀
年代:1730年代 | 1740年代 | 1750年代 | 1760年代 | 1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代
年:1761年 | 1762年 | 1763年 | 1764年 | 1765年 | 1766年 | 1767年 | 1768年 | 1769年 | 1770年 | 1771年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代
年:1812年 | 1813年 | 1814年 | 1815年 | 1816年 | 1817年 | 1818年 | 1819年 | 1820年 | 1821年 | 1822年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1770年代 | 1780年代 | 1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代
年:1803年 | 1804年 | 1805年 | 1806年 | 1807年 | 1808年 | 1809年 | 1810年 | 1811年 | 1812年 | 1813年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代
年:1817年 | 1818年 | 1819年 | 1820年 | 1821年 | 1822年 | 1823年 | 1824年 | 1825年 | 1826年 | 1827年
農曆:壬午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代
年:1842年 | 1843年 | 1844年 | 1845年 | 1846年 | 1847年 | 1848年 | 1849年 | 1850年 | 1851年 | 1852年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1790年代 | 1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代
年:1822年 | 1823年 | 1824年 | 1825年 | 1826年 | 1827年 | 1828年 | 1829年 | 1830年 | 1831年 | 1832年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1800年代 | 1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代
年:1828年 | 1829年 | 1830年 | 1831年 | 1832年 | 1833年 | 1834年 | 1835年 | 1836年 | 1837年 | 1838年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代
年:1843年 | 1844年 | 1845年 | 1846年 | 1847年 | 1848年 | 1849年 | 1850年 | 1851年 | 1852年 | 1853年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代
年:1835年 | 1836年 | 1837年 | 1838年 | 1839年 | 1840年 | 1841年 | 1842年 | 1843年 | 1844年 | 1845年
農曆:庚子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1810年代 | 1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代
年:1837年 | 1838年 | 1839年 | 1840年 | 1841年 | 1842年 | 1843年 | 1844年 | 1845年 | 1846年 | 1847年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代
年:1859年 | 1860年 | 1861年 | 1862年 | 1863年 | 1864年 | 1865年 | 1866年 | 1867年 | 1868年 | 1869年
農曆:甲子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1820年代 | 1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代
年:1849年 | 1850年 | 1851年 | 1852年 | 1853年 | 1854年 | 1855年 | 1856年 | 1857年 | 1858年 | 1859年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代
年:1872年 | 1873年 | 1874年 | 1875年 | 1876年 | 1877年 | 1878年 | 1879年 | 1880年 | 1881年 | 1882年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代
年:1867年 | 1868年 | 1869年 | 1870年 | 1871年 | 1872年 | 1873年 | 1874年 | 1875年 | 1876年 | 1877年
農曆:壬申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代
年:1868年 | 1869年 | 1870年 | 1871年 | 1872年 | 1873年 | 1874年 | 1875年 | 1876年 | 1877年 | 1878年
農曆:癸酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代 | 1910年代
年:1883年 | 1884年 | 1885年 | 1886年 | 1887年 | 1888年 | 1889年 | 1890年 | 1891年 | 1892年 | 1893年
農曆:戊子年（鼠年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代 | 1910年代
年:1882年 | 1883年 | 1884年 | 1885年 | 1886年 | 1887年 | 1888年 | 1889年 | 1890年 | 1891年 | 1892年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1830年代 | 1840年代 | 1850年代 | 1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代
年:1858年 | 1859年 | 1860年 | 1861年 | 1862年 | 1863年 | 1864年 | 1865年 | 1866年 | 1867年 | 1868年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:18世紀 | 19世紀 | 20世紀
年代:1860年代 | 1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代
年:1889年 | 1890年 | 1891年 | 1892年 | 1893年 | 1894年 | 1895年 | 1896年 | 1897年 | 1898年 | 1899年
農曆:甲午年（馬年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代
年:1904年 | 1905年 | 1906年 | 1907年 | 1908年 | 1909年 | 1910年 | 1911年 | 1912年 | 1913年 | 1914年
農曆:己酉年（雞年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代
年:1903年 | 1904年 | 1905年 | 1906年 | 1907年 | 1908年 | 1909年 | 1910年 | 1911年 | 1912年 | 1913年
農曆:戊申年（猴年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代
年:1931年 | 1932年 | 1933年 | 1934年 | 1935年 | 1936年 | 1937年 | 1938年 | 1939年 | 1940年 | 1941年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:民國25年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1870年代 | 1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代
年:1900年 | 1901年 | 1902年 | 1903年 | 1904年 | 1905年 | 1906年 | 1907年 | 1908年 | 1909年 | 1910年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1880年代 | 1890年代 | 1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代
年:1914年 | 1915年 | 1916年 | 1917年 | 1918年 | 1919年 | 1920年 | 1921年 | 1922年 | 1923年 | 1924年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:民國8年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代
年:1932年 | 1933年 | 1934年 | 1935年 | 1936年 | 1937年 | 1938年 | 1939年 | 1940年 | 1941年 | 1942年
農曆:丁丑年（牛年）
年號:民國26年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代
年:1934年 | 1935年 | 1936年 | 1937年 | 1938年 | 1939年 | 1940年 | 1941年 | 1942年 | 1943年 | 1944年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:民國28年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代
年:1942年 | 1943年 | 1944年 | 1945年 | 1946年 | 1947年 | 1948年 | 1949年 | 1950年 | 1951年 | 1952年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:民國36年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代
年:1952年 | 1953年 | 1954年 | 1955年 | 1956年 | 1957年 | 1958年 | 1959年 | 1960年 | 1961年 | 1962年
農曆:丁酉年（雞年）
年號:民國46年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代
年:1957年 | 1958年 | 1959年 | 1960年 | 1961年 | 1962年 | 1963年 | 1964年 | 1965年 | 1966年 | 1967年
農曆:壬寅年（虎年）
年號:民國51年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代
年:1944年 | 1945年 | 1946年 | 1947年 | 1948年 | 1949年 | 1950年 | 1951年 | 1952年 | 1953年 | 1954年
農曆:己丑年（牛年）
年號:民國38年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代
年:1949年 | 1950年 | 1951年 | 1952年 | 1953年 | 1954年 | 1955年 | 1956年 | 1957年 | 1958年 | 1959年
農曆:甲午年（馬年）
年號:民國43年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代
年:1965年 | 1966年 | 1967年 | 1968年 | 1969年 | 1970年 | 1971年 | 1972年 | 1973年 | 1974年 | 1975年
農曆:庚戌年（狗年）
年號:民國59年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代
年:1975年 | 1976年 | 1977年 | 1978年 | 1979年 | 1980年 | 1981年 | 1982年 | 1983年 | 1984年 | 1985年
農曆:庚申年（猴年）
年號:民國69年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代
年:1978年 | 1979年 | 1980年 | 1981年 | 1982年 | 1983年 | 1984年 | 1985年 | 1986年 | 1987年 | 1988年
農曆:癸亥年（豬年）
年號:民國72年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1900年代 | 1910年代 | 1920年代 | 1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代
年:1925年 | 1926年 | 1927年 | 1928年 | 1929年 | 1930年 | 1931年 | 1932年 | 1933年 | 1934年 | 1935年
農曆:庚午年（馬年）
年號:民國19年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代
年:1971年 | 1972年 | 1973年 | 1974年 | 1975年 | 1976年 | 1977年 | 1978年 | 1979年 | 1980年 | 1981年
農曆:丙辰年（龍年）
年號:民國65年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代
年:1976年 | 1977年 | 1978年 | 1979年 | 1980年 | 1981年 | 1982年 | 1983年 | 1984年 | 1985年 | 1986年
農曆:辛酉年（雞年）
年號:民國70年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代
年:1974年 | 1975年 | 1976年 | 1977年 | 1978年 | 1979年 | 1980年 | 1981年 | 1982年 | 1983年 | 1984年
農曆:己未年（羊年）
年號:民國68年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代
年:1960年 | 1961年 | 1962年 | 1963年 | 1964年 | 1965年 | 1966年 | 1967年 | 1968年 | 1969年 | 1970年
農曆:乙巳年（蛇年）
年號:民國54年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1930年代 | 1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代
年:1962年 | 1963年 | 1964年 | 1965年 | 1966年 | 1967年 | 1968年 | 1969年 | 1970年 | 1971年 | 1972年
農曆:丁未年（羊年）
年號:民國56年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1940年代 | 1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代
年:1969年 | 1970年 | 1971年 | 1972年 | 1973年 | 1974年 | 1975年 | 1976年 | 1977年 | 1978年 | 1979年
農曆:甲寅年（虎年）
年號:民國63年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代
年:1981年 | 1982年 | 1983年 | 1984年 | 1985年 | 1986年 | 1987年 | 1988年 | 1989年 | 1990年 | 1991年
農曆:丙寅年（虎年）
年號:民國75年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:3千紀
世紀:20世紀 | 21世紀 | 22世紀
年代:1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代 | 2030年代
年:2002年 | 2003年 | 2004年 | 2005年 | 2006年 | 2007年 | 2008年 | 2009年 | 2010年 | 2011年 | 2012年
農曆:丁亥年（豬年）
年號:民國96年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1950年代 | 1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代
年:1983年 | 1984年 | 1985年 | 1986年 | 1987年 | 1988年 | 1989年 | 1990年 | 1991年 | 1992年 | 1993年
農曆:戊辰年（龍年）
年號:民國77年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:3千紀
世紀:20世紀 | 21世紀 | 22世紀
年代:1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代 | 2030年代 | 2040年代
年:2008年 | 2009年 | 2010年 | 2011年 | 2012年 | 2013年 | 2014年 | 2015年 | 2016年 | 2017年 | 2018年
農曆:癸巳年（蛇年）
年號:民國102年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代
年:1994年 | 1995年 | 1996年 | 1997年 | 1998年 | 1999年 | 2000年 | 2001年 | 2002年 | 2003年 | 2004年
農曆:己卯年（兔年）
年號:民國88年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代
年:1991年 | 1992年 | 1993年 | 1994年 | 1995年 | 1996年 | 1997年 | 1998年 | 1999年 | 2000年 | 2001年
農曆:丙子年（鼠年）
年號:民國85年
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 1月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1960年代 | 1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代
年:1990年 | 1991年 | 1992年 | 1993年 | 1994年 | 1995年 | 1996年 | 1997年 | 1998年 | 1999年 | 2000年
農曆:乙亥年（豬年）
年號:民國84年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:3千紀
世紀:20世紀 | 21世紀 | 22世紀
年代:1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代 | 2030年代
年:1996年 | 1997年 | 1998年 | 1999年 | 2000年 | 2001年 | 2002年 | 2003年 | 2004年 | 2005年 | 2006年
農曆:辛巳年（蛇年）
年號:民國90年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:3千紀
世紀:20世紀 | 21世紀 | 22世紀
年代:1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代 | 2030年代
年:2001年 | 2002年 | 2003年 | 2004年 | 2005年 | 2006年 | 2007年 | 2008年 | 2009年 | 2010年 | 2011年
農曆:丙戌年（狗年）
年號:民國95年
"^^ . . . "119"^^ . "119"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 2月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "118"^^ . "118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 1月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 1月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 2月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "118"^^ . "118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 1月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 1月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 2月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "119"^^ . "119"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 2月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 1月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 1月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 2月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 2月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:2千紀
世紀:19世紀 | 20世紀 | 21世紀
年代:1970年代 | 1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代 | 2030年代
年:1995年 | 1996年 | 1997年 | 1998年 | 1999年 | 2000年 | 2001年 | 2002年 | 2003年 | 2004年 | 2005年
農曆:庚辰年（龍年）
年號:民國89年
"^^ . . . "118"^^ . "118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 3月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 4月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
2627282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "119"^^ . "119"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 3月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "119"^^ . "119"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 3月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "118"^^ . "118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 3月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "119"^^ . "119"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 3月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "118"^^ . "118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 4月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
2627282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 4月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
2627282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "119"^^ . "119"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 3月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "118"^^ . "118"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 4月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
2627282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 4月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
2627282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 4月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
2627282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 5月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 5月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 6月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 4月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
2627282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 5月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 5月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 5月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 6月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 5月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 6月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 5月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 6月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 6月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 6月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 6月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 6月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123456
78910111213
14151617181920
21222324252627
282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 5月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12
3456789
10111213141516
17181920212223
24252627282930
31
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 7月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234
567891011
12131415161718
19202122232425
262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 8月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1
2345678
9101112131415
16171819202122
23242526272829
3031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 9月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
27282930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "366"^^ . "366"^^ . "toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Tái-iòng-hiê
Diâng-sĭng:Nĭk-tàu
Giàng-sĭng:Cūi-sĭng · Gĭng-sĭng · Dê-giù · Huōi-sĭng · Mŭk-sĭng ·
Tū-sĭng · Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng · Hāi-uòng-sĭng
Ā̤-giàng-sĭng:Ceres · Mìng-uòng-sĭng · Haumea · Makemake · Eris
Ôi-sĭng:Nguŏk· Huōi-sĭng gì · Mŭk-sĭng gì · Tū-sĭng gì ·
Tiĕng-uòng-sĭng gì · Hāi-uòng-sĭng gì
Chēng-chiū-sĭng:Halley Chēng-chiū-sĭng · Encke Chēng-chiū-sĭng
Gì-tă:Siēu-giàng-sĭng-dâi· Kuiper-dâi · Scattered disc · Oort-hùng
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 12月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 11月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
1234567
891011121314
15161718192021
22232425262728
2930
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 10月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
123
45678910
11121314151617
18192021222324
25262728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 12月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 12月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 12月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 福建師範大學\n
成立時間1907年
學校簡稱福師大、師大
學校地址中國福州
"^^ . . . "149"^^ . "149"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
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\n
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\n
\n  \n
福建優級師範學堂
（1907年2月）		\n
\n  \n
華南女子大學預科班
（1908年）		\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
福建法政專門學校
（1910年）
\n
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\n
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\n
\n  \n
福建師範學校高等師範科
（1912年）		\n
\n  \n
福建华南女子大學
（1911年）		\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
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\n
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\n
\n  \n
私立福建大學
（1910年）
\n
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福建高等師範學校
（1913年）		\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
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\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
福建協和大學
（1915年9月）		\n
\n  \n
福建法政專門學校
（1927年）
\n
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福建研究所
（1939年）		\n
\n  \n
福建省中學理科師資培訓班
（1939年）		\n
\n  \n
华南女子文理學院
（1933年）		\n
\n  \n
私立福建協和學院
（1929年2月）		\n
\n  \n
私立福建學院
（1929年）
\n
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福建研究院
（1940年11月）		\n
\n  \n
省立中等學校師資養成所
（1940年）		\n
\n  \n
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國立海疆學校
（师范专科）
（1945年-1950年）		\n
\n  \n
福建省立專科學校
（1941年6月）		\n
\n  \n
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\n  \n
福建省立師範學院
（1950年9月-1952年8月）		\n
\n  \n
\n
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\n
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\n
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\n
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\n
\n  \n
福建協和大學
（1942年4月）		\n
\n  \n
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福建研究院
（部分研究所）
（1951年）		\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
福州大學
（1951年8月）		\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
\n
\n  \n
福建學院
（部分學科）
（1951年9月）
\n
\n  \n
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福建師範學院
（1953年9月）		\n
\n  \n
\n
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\n
\n  \n
福建師範大學
（1972年5月）		\n
\n  \n
\n
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\n
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\n
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\n
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"^^ . . . "120"^^ . "120"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 12月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "121"^^ . "121"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<< - 12月 - >>
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
日一二三四五六
12345
6789101112
13141516171819
20212223242526
2728293031
2020年其日茲旦
當年今旦
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "toccolours floatright" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Huŏng-ôi\n
Să̤-báe̤kBáe̤kDĕ̤ng-báe̤k
Să̤Dĕ̤ng
Să̤-nàngNàngDĕ̤ng-nàng
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "toccolours floatright" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n Huŏng-ôi\n
Să̤-báe̤kBáe̤kDĕ̤ng-báe̤k
Să̤Dĕ̤ng
Să̤-nàngNàngDĕ̤ng-nàng
"^^ . . . "428"^^ . "428"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
bēng-buōngGŏ̤-sṳ̀
Hók-ciŭ-uâ bēngNguŏk guŏng-guŏng, ciéu diè-dòng,
(月光光, 照池塘)

kià dé̤ṳk-mā, guó Hùng-dòng.
(騎竹馬，過洪塘)

Hùng-dòng cūi chĭng bók dáik dô,
(洪塘水深不得渡)

niòng-cṳ̄ chĕng sùng lì ciék lòng.
(娘子撐船來接郎)

Muóng lòng dòng, muóng lòng dōi,
(問郎長, 問郎短)

muóng lòng chṳ̄ kó̤ hò̤-sì huāng?
(問郎此去何時返)

"^^ . . . "105"^^ . "105"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 西藏\n
首府拉薩
面積1,202,369.34 km²
人口3,002,166
人均GDP¥26,068
民族藏 - 90.48%
漢 - 8.17%
"^^ . . . "286"^^ . "286"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "286"^^ . "286"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "metadata mbox-small" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n \"\"\n
\n
茲頁面裡勢有福州話特殊其漢字。部分操作系統共瀏覽器需要特殊字母共符号其支持乍會正確顯示Unicode擴展漢字，儷是無其話，可能會顯示亂碼、方框等等。
"^^ . . . "206"^^ . "206"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "206"^^ . "206"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "105"^^ . "105"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
生肖
鼠 | 牛 | 虎 | 兔 | 龍 | 蛇 | 馬 | 羊 | 猴 | 雞 | 犬 | 豬
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 廿四節氣\n
  坐標系    節氣     曆
  春
  315°  立春    2月4號遘5號
  330°  雨水  2月18號遘19號
  345°  驚蟄    3月5號遘6號
  0°  春分  3月20號遘21號
  15°  清明    4月4號遘5號
  30°  穀雨  4月20號遘21號
  夏
  45°  立夏    5月5號遘6號
  60°  小滿  5月21號遘22號
  75°  芒種    6月5號遘6號
  90°  夏至  6月21號遘22號
  105°  小暑    7月7號遘8號
  120°  大暑  7月22號遘23號
  秋
  135°  立秋    8月7號遘8號
  150°  處暑  8月23號遘24號
  165°  白露    9月7號遘8號
  180°  秋分  9月23號遘24號
  195°  寒露    10月8號遘9號
  210°  霜降    10月23號遘24號
  冬
  225°  立冬    11月7號遘8號
  240°  小雪  11月22號遘23號
  255°  大雪    12月7號遘8號
  270°  冬至  12月21號遘22號
  285°  小寒    1月5號遘6號
  300°  大寒  1月20號遘21號
"^^ . . . "179"^^ . "179"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "179"^^ . "179"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "170"^^ . "170"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "170"^^ . "170"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "365"^^ . "365"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "365"^^ . "365"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:3千紀
世紀:20世紀 | 21世紀 | 22世紀
年代:1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代 | 2030年代 | 2040年代
年:2013年 | 2014年 | 2015年 | 2016年 | 2017年 | 2018年 | 2019年 | 2020年 | 2021年 | 2022年 | 2023年
農曆:戊戌年（狗年）
年號:民國107年
"^^ . . . "338"^^ . "338"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
b [p] 波p [pʰ] 婆m [m] 摸f [f] 火v [v] 窩
d [t] 多t [tʰ] 拖n [n] 挪l [l] 羅 
g [k] 哥k [kʰ] 科ng [ŋ] 我h [h] 河 
j [ʦi-] 擠q [ʦʰi-] 妻x [si-] 西  
z [ʦ] 資c [ʦʰ] 雌s [s] 思  
"^^ . . . "389"^^ . "389"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
i [ɿ] 資i [i] 衣u [u] 姑
a [a] 阿ia [ia] 也ua [ua] 掛
o [ɔ] 哦io [iɔ] 喲uo [uɔ] 過
ê [ɛ] 這iê [iɛ] (撒)uê [uɛ] 穢
ai [ai] 挨iai [iai] 椰uai [uai] 怪
oi [ɔi] 哀  
au [au] 凹iau [iau] 腰 
êu [ɛu] 歐  
 iu [iu] 有 
 iui [iui] 銳ui [ui] 貴
am [am] 庵iam [iam] 淹 
êm [ɛm] 砧  
em [əm] 針im [im] 陰
an [an] 班ian [ian] 煙uan [uan] 關
on [ɔn] 安ion [iɔn] 阮uon [uɔn] 管
ên [ɛn] 恩iên [iɛn] 邊uên [uɛn] 耿
en [ən] 真in [in] 因
 iun [iun] 允un [un] 敦
ang [aŋ] 冷iang [iaŋ] 影uang [uaŋ] 礦
ong [ɔŋ] 江iong [iɔŋ] 央uong [uɔŋ] 光
 iung [iuŋ] 雍ung [uŋ] 工
ab [ap] 鴨iab [iap] 葉 
êb [ɛp] 粒  
eb [əp] 汁ib [ip] 邑 
ad [at] 八iad [iat] 乙uad [uat] 刮
od [ɔt] 遏  
êd [ɛt] 北iêd [iɛt] 鱉uêd [uɛt] 國
ed [ət] 質id [it] 一 
 iud [iut] 郁ud [ut] 骨
ag [ak] 扼iag [iak] 錫uag [uak] □
og [ɔk] 惡iog [iɔk] 約uog [uɔk] 郭
 iug [iuk] 育ug [uk] 督
m [m] 唔n [n] 五 
"^^ . . . "507"^^ . "507"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
調類陰平陽平上聲去聲陰入陽入
調號123456
調值441131521155
 fu1fu2fu3fu4fug5fug6
例字夫扶府富福服
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 廿四節氣\n
  坐標系    節氣     曆
  春
  315°  立春    2月4號遘5號
  330°  雨水  2月18號遘19號
  345°  驚蟄    3月5號遘6號
  0°  春分  3月20號遘21號
  15°  清明    4月4號遘5號
  30°  穀雨  4月20號遘21號
  夏
  45°  立夏    5月5號遘6號
  60°  小滿  5月21號遘22號
  75°  芒種    6月5號遘6號
  90°  夏至  6月21號遘22號
  105°  小暑    7月7號遘8號
  120°  大暑  7月22號遘23號
  秋
  135°  立秋    8月7號遘8號
  150°  處暑  8月23號遘24號
  165°  白露    9月7號遘8號
  180°  秋分  9月23號遘24號
  195°  寒露    10月8號遘9號
  210°  霜降    10月23號遘24號
  冬
  225°  立冬    11月7號遘8號
  240°  小雪  11月22號遘23號
  255°  大雪    12月7號遘8號
  270°  冬至  12月21號遘22號
  285°  小寒    1月5號遘6號
  300°  大寒  1月20號遘21號
"^^ . . . "148"^^ . "148"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "148"^^ . "148"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "410"^^ . "410"^^ . "wikitable sortable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
guók-găpiĕ-cūngHiêng-ciŏng piĕ-cūngNotes
\"\" Azerbaijan1993 nièng 9 nguŏk 24 hô̤1993 nièng 9 nguŏk 24 hô̤
\"\" Belarus1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 10 hô̤1994 nièng 1 nguŏk 18 hô̤cháung-sṳ̄ guók
\"\" Kazakhstan1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 23 hô̤1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 20 hô̤cháung-sṳ̄ guók
\"\" Kyrgyzstan1992 nièng 3 nguŏk 6 hô̤1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 12 hô̤cháung-sṳ̄ guók
\"\" Armenia1992 nièng 2 nguŏk 18 hô̤1994 nièng 3 nguŏk 16 hô̤cháung-sṳ̄ guók
\"\" Moldova1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 8 hô̤1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 15 hô̤
\"\" Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 12 hô̤1993 nièng 7 nguŏk 20 hô̤cháung-sṳ̄ guók
\"\" Tajikistan1993 nièng 6 nguŏk 20 hô̤1993 nièng 8 nguŏk 4 hô̤
\"\" Uzbekistan1992 nièng 1 nguŏk 4 hô̤1994 nièng 2 nguŏk 9 hô̤cháung-sṳ̄ guók
"^^ . . . "427"^^ . "427"^^ . "wikitable sortable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
guók-găpiĕ-cūngHiêng-ciŏng piĕ-cūngNotes
\"\" Turkmenistan1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 26 hô̤muôi piĕ-cūngcháung-sṳ̄ guók. 2005 nièng kăi-sṳ̄ sê lièng-hiê guók.
\"\" Ukraine1991 nièng 12 nguŏk 10 hô̤muôi piĕ-cūngcháung-sṳ̄ guók. 1993 nièng kăi-sṳ̄ sê lièng-hiê guók.
"^^ . . . "444"^^ . "444"^^ . "wikitable sortable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
guók-găpiĕ-cūngHiêng-ciŏng piĕ-cūngsŏng-buó tó̤i-chókciáng-sék tó̤i-chókNotes
\"\" Gruzia1993 nièng 12 nguŏk 3 hô̤1994 nièng 4 nguŏk 19 hô̤2008 nièng 8 nguŏk 18 hô̤2009 nièng 8 nguŏk 18 hô̤ĭng-ôi 2008 nièng gì Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆ Gruzia Ciéng-cĕng tó̤i-chók.
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 廿四節氣\n
  坐標系    節氣     曆
  春
  315°  立春    2月4號遘5號
  330°  雨水  2月18號遘19號
  345°  驚蟄    3月5號遘6號
  0°  春分  3月20號遘21號
  15°  清明    4月4號遘5號
  30°  穀雨  4月20號遘21號
  夏
  45°  立夏    5月5號遘6號
  60°  小滿  5月21號遘22號
  75°  芒種    6月5號遘6號
  90°  夏至  6月21號遘22號
  105°  小暑    7月7號遘8號
  120°  大暑  7月22號遘23號
  秋
  135°  立秋    8月7號遘8號
  150°  處暑  8月23號遘24號
  165°  白露    9月7號遘8號
  180°  秋分  9月23號遘24號
  195°  寒露    10月8號遘9號
  210°  霜降    10月23號遘24號
  冬
  225°  立冬    11月7號遘8號
  240°  小雪  11月22號遘23號
  255°  大雪    12月7號遘8號
  270°  冬至  12月21號遘22號
  285°  小寒    1月5號遘6號
  300°  大寒  1月20號遘21號
"^^ . . . "672"^^ . "672"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikimedia Commons ô gâe̤ng Kāng-dôi Siŭ-còng siŏng-guăng gì mùi-tā̤ hŭng-lôi.
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
法文名viktɔʁ maʁi yɡo
英文名Victor Hugo
中文名維克多·雨果
出生1802年2月26號
法國貝桑松
死亡1885年5月22號
法國巴黎
安息地先賢祠
職業文學家、劇作家、人權活動家
信仰自由主義、人道主義
政黨獨立自由黨（1871）
共和黨（1876-1885）
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?莇
莇
生物分類
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
界：植物界 Plantae
目：葫蘆目 Cucurbitales
 科：葫蘆科 Cucurbitaceae
屬：絲瓜屬 Luffa
種：絲瓜 L. aegyptiaca
學名
Luffa aegyptiaca
Mill.
異名
\n
    \n
  • Cucurbita luffa hort.
    • \n
  • Luffa cylindrica M.Roem.
    • \n
  • Luffa aegyptica (lapsus)
    • \n
  • Luffa pentandra Roxb.
    • \n
  • Momordica cylindrica L.
    • \n
  • Momordica luffa L.
    • \n
"^^ . . . "95"^^ . "95"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 可見光其光譜\n
顏色波長頻率
紅色625 - 740 nm480 - 405 MHz
橙色590 - 625 nm510 - 480 MHz
黃色565 - 590 nm530 - 510 MHz
綠色500 - 565 nm600 - 530 MHz
青色485 - 500 nm620 - 600 MHz
藍色440 - 485 nm680 - 620 MHz
紫色380 - 440 nm790 - 680 MHz
"^^ . . . "180"^^ . "180"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "180"^^ . "180"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "198"^^ . "198"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "198"^^ . "198"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "143"^^ . "143"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "143"^^ . "143"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "142"^^ . "142"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "142"^^ . "142"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "140"^^ . "140"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "140"^^ . "140"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "138"^^ . "138"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "138"^^ . "138"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "144"^^ . "144"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "144"^^ . "144"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "137"^^ . "137"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "137"^^ . "137"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "152"^^ . "152"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "152"^^ . "152"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "472"^^ . "472"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Ngū-hèng
Huō | Cūi | Mŭk | Gĭng | Tù
"^^ . . . "138"^^ . "138"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "138"^^ . "138"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "144"^^ . "144"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "144"^^ . "144"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "142"^^ . "142"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "142"^^ . "142"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "131"^^ . "131"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "131"^^ . "131"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "141"^^ . "141"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "141"^^ . "141"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "139"^^ . "139"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "139"^^ . "139"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "150"^^ . "150"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "150"^^ . "150"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "137"^^ . "137"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "137"^^ . "137"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "145"^^ . "145"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"維基新聞專題報導：
\n
\n 互聯網\n
"^^ . . . "160"^^ . "160"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"維基新聞專題報導：
\n
\n 語言\n
"^^ . . . "133"^^ . "133"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
H
氫		 He
氦
Li
鋰		Be
鈹		 B
硼		C
碳		N
氮		O
氧		F
氟		Ne
氖
Na
鈉		Mg
鎂		 Al
鋁		Si
硅		P
磷		S
硫		Cl
氯		Ar
氬
K
鉀		Ca
鈣		Sc
鈧		 Ti
鈦		V
釩		Cr
鉻		Mn
錳		Fe
鐵		Co
鈷		Ni
鎳		Cu
銅		Zn
鋅		Ga
鎵		Ge
鍺		As
砷		Se
硒		Br
溴		Kr
氪
Rb
銣		Sr
鍶		Y
釔		 Zr
鋯		Nb
鈮		Mo
鉬		Tc
鍀		Ru
釕		Rh
銠		Pd
鈀		Ag
銀		Cd
鎘		In
銦		Sn
錫		Sb
銻		Te
碲		I
碘		Xe
氙
Cs
銫		Ba
鋇		La
鑭		Ce
鈰		Pr
鐠		Nd
釹		Pm
鉕		Sm
釤		Eu
銪		Gd
釓		Tb
鋱		Dy
鏑		Ho
鈥		Er
鉺		Tm
銩		Yb
鐿		Lu
鑥		Hf
鉿		Ta
鉭		W
鎢		Re
錸		Os
鋨		Ir
銥		Pt
鉑		Au
金		Hg
汞		Tl
鉈		Pb
鉛		Bi
鉍		Po
釙		At
砹		Rn
氡
Fr
鈁		Ra
鐳		Ac
錒		Th
釷		Pa
鏷		U
鈾		Np
鎿		Pu
鈈		Am
鎇		Cm
鋦		Bk
錇		Cf
鐦		Es
鎄		Fm
鐨		Md
鍆		No
鍩		Lr
鐒		Rf
鑪		Db
𨧀		Sg
𨭎		Bh
𨨏		Hs
𨭆		Mt
䥑		Ds
鐽		Rg
錀		Cn
鎶		Nh
鉨		Fl
鈇		Mc
鏌		Lv
鉝		Ts
鿬		Og
鿫
UueUbnUbuUbbUbtUbqUbpUbhUbsUbo
"^^ . . . "133"^^ . "133"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
鹼金屬鹼土金屬鑭系元素錒系元素過渡金屬主族金屬類金屬非金屬鹵素稀有氣體化學性質未知預料存在元素
"^^ . . . "99"^^ . "99"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"維基新聞專題報導：
\n
\n 科技\n
"^^ . . . "193"^^ . "193"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n huôi-diēng\n
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "metadata mbox-small" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n
\n \"\"\n
\n
茲頁面裡勢有福州話特殊其漢字。部分操作系統共瀏覽器需要特殊字母共符号其支持乍會正確顯示Unicode擴展漢字，儷是無其話，可能會顯示亂碼、方框等等。
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 廿四節氣\n
  坐標系    節氣     曆
  春
  315°  立春    2月4號遘5號
  330°  雨水  2月18號遘19號
  345°  驚蟄    3月5號遘6號
  0°  春分  3月20號遘21號
  15°  清明    4月4號遘5號
  30°  穀雨  4月20號遘21號
  夏
  45°  立夏    5月5號遘6號
  60°  小滿  5月21號遘22號
  75°  芒種    6月5號遘6號
  90°  夏至  6月21號遘22號
  105°  小暑    7月7號遘8號
  120°  大暑  7月22號遘23號
  秋
  135°  立秋    8月7號遘8號
  150°  處暑  8月23號遘24號
  165°  白露    9月7號遘8號
  180°  秋分  9月23號遘24號
  195°  寒露    10月8號遘9號
  210°  霜降    10月23號遘24號
  冬
  225°  立冬    11月7號遘8號
  240°  小雪  11月22號遘23號
  255°  大雪    12月7號遘8號
  270°  冬至  12月21號遘22號
  285°  小寒    1月5號遘6號
  300°  大寒  1月20號遘21號
"^^ . . . "125"^^ . "125"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n diêng-cṳ̄_iù-hié\n
"^^ . . . "219"^^ . "219"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n mâng-uâ\n
"^^ . . . "91"^^ . "91"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"維基新聞專題報導：
\n
\n 影視\n
"^^ . . . "383"^^ . "383"^^ . "metadata mbox-small plainlinks" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\"\"Wikinews ciŏng-dà̤ bó̤-dō̤:
\n
\n ngṳ̀-lŏ̤h\n
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox toccolours" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 廿四節氣\n
  坐標系    節氣     曆
  春
  315°  立春    2月4號遘5號
  330°  雨水  2月18號遘19號
  345°  驚蟄    3月5號遘6號
  0°  春分  3月20號遘21號
  15°  清明    4月4號遘5號
  30°  穀雨  4月20號遘21號
  夏
  45°  立夏    5月5號遘6號
  60°  小滿  5月21號遘22號
  75°  芒種    6月5號遘6號
  90°  夏至  6月21號遘22號
  105°  小暑    7月7號遘8號
  120°  大暑  7月22號遘23號
  秋
  135°  立秋    8月7號遘8號
  150°  處暑  8月23號遘24號
  165°  白露    9月7號遘8號
  180°  秋分  9月23號遘24號
  195°  寒露    10月8號遘9號
  210°  霜降    10月23號遘24號
  冬
  225°  立冬    11月7號遘8號
  240°  小雪  11月22號遘23號
  255°  大雪    12月7號遘8號
  270°  冬至  12月21號遘22號
  285°  小寒    1月5號遘6號
  300°  大寒  1月20號遘21號
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 百度貼吧李毅吧\n
150px
網址李毅吧官網
網站類型網絡論壇其蜀芘板块
註冊選擇性
語言簡體中文
內容許可版權所有
持有者百度公司
推出時間2004 nièng (2004)
現狀線上
"^^ . . . "0"^^ . "0"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
千紀:3千紀
世紀:20世紀 | 21世紀 | 22世紀
年代:1980年代 | 1990年代 | 2000年代 | 2010年代 | 2020年代 | 2030年代 | 2040年代
年:2014年 | 2015年 | 2016年 | 2017年 | 2018年 | 2019年 | 2020年 | 2021年 | 2022年 | 2023年 | 2024年
農曆:己亥年（豬年）
年號:民國108年
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?楊梅
楊梅
生物分類
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
界：植物界 Plantae
門：被子植物門 Magnoliophyta
綱：雙子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida
目：殼斗目 Fagales
 科：楊梅科 Myricaceae
屬：楊梅屬 Myrica
種：楊梅 M. rubra
學名
Myrica rubra
Siebold & Zucc.
"^^ . . . "720"^^ . "720"^^ . "gallery-mod" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n 常綠喬木 \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n 𣗬皮灰色 \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n 葉革質，倒披针形或倒卵状椭圆形 \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n 穗狀花序 \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n 結出菓子 \n
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n
\n 菓子球形核果狀，密生多數囊狀體 \n
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?虼蚤
虼蚤
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:動物界 Animalia
muòng:節肢動物門 Arthropoda
gŏng:昆蟲綱 Insecta
ā-gŏng:有翅亞綱 Pterygota
hâ-gŏng:新翅下綱 Neoptera
cūng-mŭk:內翅總目 Endopterygota
mŭk:蚤目 Siphonaptera
Latreille, 1825
目

角葉蚤科 Ceratophyllomorpha
Hystrichopsyllomorpha
Pulicomorpha
Pygiopsyllomorpha

ê-miàng

Aphaniptera

"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?鼠
Microtus arvalis
huá-siŏh huōng-ôi
Eocene dṳ̆ng-gĭ - hiêng-câi
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
mĭk:Eukaryota
gái:Animalia
muòng:Chordata
gŏng:Mammalia
mŭk:Rodentia
ā-mŭk:Myomorpha
cūng-kuŏ:Muroidea
Illiger, 1811
"^^ . . . "80"^^ . "80"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
生肖
鼠 | 牛 | 虎 | 兔 | 龍 | 蛇 | 馬 | 羊 | 猴 | 雞 | 犬 | 豬
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?狼
狼
保護狀況
  無危險   (LC)
 
化石方位
更新世中期 – 現在
生物分類
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
界：動物界 Animalia
門：脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：哺乳綱 Mammalia
目：食肉目 Carnivora
 科：犬科 Canidae
屬：犬屬 Canis
種：狼 C. lupus
學名
Canis lupus
Linnaeus, 1758
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?貓
白貓
保護狀況
 家養化
生物分類
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
界：動物界 Animalia
門：脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：哺乳綱 Mammalia
目：食肉目 Carnivora
 科：貓科 Felidae
屬：貓屬 Felis
種：斑貓 F. silvestris
學名
Felis silvestris catus
Schreber, 1775
異名

Felis lybica
Felis catus

"^^ . . . "222"^^ . "222"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
標誌英文縮寫全稱說明
AttributionBY署名汝（用戶）會使複製、發行、展覽、表演、放映、廣播或通過信息網絡傳播本作品；汝必須按作者或者授權人指定其方式對作品署名。
NonCommercialNC非商业性使用汝會使自由複製、散布、展示、演出本作品；汝𣍐使爲商業目的使用本作品。
NoDerivsND禁止演繹汝會使自由複製、散布、展示、演出本作品；汝𣍐使改變、轉變或更改本作品。
ShareAlikeSA相同方式共享汝會使自由複製、散布、展示、演出本作品；若汝改變、轉變或更改本作品，㑚有遵守共本作品相同其授权条款，汝乍會使散佈由本作品產生其衍生作品。
"^^ . . . "443"^^ . "443"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
授權條款BYNCNDSA
姓名標示（BY）
姓名標示（BY）-相同方式分享（SA）
姓名標示（BY）-禁止演繹（ND）
姓名標示（BY）-非商業性（NC）
姓名標示（BY）-非商業性（NC）-相同方式分享（SA）
姓名標示（BY）-非商業性（NC）-禁止演繹（ND）
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "infobox" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
<<農曆1月>>
初一初二初三初四初五初六初七
初八初九初十十一十二十三十四
十五十六十七十八十九二十廿一
廿二廿三廿四廿五廿六廿七廿八
廿九三十 
農曆月曆
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?黃蜂
德國黃胡蜂
生物分類
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
界：動物界 Animalia
門：節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：昆蟲綱 Insecta
目：膜翅目 Hymenoptera
亞目

細腰亞目 Apocrita
……

"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?白蟻
白蟻
生物分類
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
界：動物界 Animalia
門：節肢動物門 Arthropoda
綱：昆蟲綱 Insecta
亞綱：有翅亞綱 Pterygota
下綱：新翅下綱 Neoptera
 總目：網翅總目 Dictyoptera
目：蜚蠊目 Blattodea
 下目：等翅下目 Isoptera
科

Cratomastotermitidae
澳白蟻科 Mastotermitidae
原白蟻科 Termopsidae
Archotermopsidae
草白蟻科 Hodotermitidae
木白蟻科 Stolotermitidae
Kalotermitidae
Archeorhinotermitidae
木鼻白蟻科 Stylotermitidae
鼻白蟻科 Rhinotermitidae
齒白蟻科 Serritermitidae
白蟻科 Termitidae

"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?Iêng-săng-giŏng
Tòng-guōi-niŏh-chéu
sĕng-ŭk hŭng-lôi
\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
gái:Sĭk-ŭk-gái Plantae
muòng:Bê-cṳ̄ sĭk-ŭk muòng Magnoliophyta
gŏng:Dăng cṳ̄-iĕk sĭk-ŭk gŏng Monocots
mŭk:Giŏng-mŭk Zingiberales
kuŏ:Giŏng-kuŏ Zingiberaceae
sṳ̆k:Iêng-săng-giŏng-sṳ̆k Alpinia
cṳ̄ng:Iêng-săng-giŏng A. zerumbet
Hŏk-miàng
Alpinia zerumbet
(Pers.) B.L.Burtt & R.M.Sm., 1972
ê-miàng
\n
    \n
  • Alpinia cristata Griff.
    • \n
  • Alpinia fimbriata Gagnep.
    • \n
  • Alpinia fluviatilis Hayata
    • \n
  • Alpinia schumanniana Valeton
    • \n
  • Alpinia speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) K.Schum.
    • \n
  • Alpinia speciosa var. longiramosa Gagnep.
    • \n
  • Amomum nutans (Andrews) Schult.
    • \n
  • Catimbium nutans (Andrews) Juss. ex Lestib.
    • \n
  • Catimbium speciosum (J.C.Wendl.) Holttum
    • \n
  • Costus zerumbet Pers.
    • \n
  • Languas schumanniana (Valeton) Sasaki
    • \n
  • Languas speciosa (J.C.Wendl.) Small
    • \n
  • Languas speciosa Merr.
    • \n
  • Renealmia nutans Andrews
    • \n
  • Renealmia spectabilis Rusby
    • \n
  • Zerumbet speciosum J.C.Wendl.
    • \n
"^^ . . . "174"^^ . "174"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
miàng-cêĬng-ùng miàngTūng-dê
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cê
Suā-lò̤掃羅Sauls. 1050 n. - s. 1011 n.
Ék-pó̤-siék益破設Ish-bosheths. 1011 n. - s. 1010 n.
Dâi-bĭk大闢Davids. 1010 n. - s. 970 n.
Sū-lò̤-muòng所羅門Solomons. 970 n. - s. 931 n.
"^^ . . . "103"^^ . "103"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Pū-tŭng-uâ
(Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-lṳ̆k)		Guók-ngṳ̄
(Dài-uăng)		Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cêBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭng
\"\" Azerbaijan--阿塞拜疆亞塞拜然亜塞爾拝然
\"\" Afghanistan--阿富汗阿富汗亜加業坦、亜弗掩坦、亜富汗斯坦、阿富汗斯坦、阿富汗斯、阿富汗、阿芙賀仁須丹、阿加業坦、阿芙賀邇寸丹
\"\" Ā-lá-báik Lièng-hăk Dâi-gŭng-guók阿拉伯聯合大公國阿拉伯联合酋长国阿联酋阿拉伯聯合大公國阿聯阿拉伯首長国連邦
\"\" Armenia--亚美尼亚亞美尼亞亜爾美尼亜、亜爾墨尼亜、亜爾黙尼亜、亜美尼亜、雨仁屋
\"\" Yemen--也门葉門也門
\"\" Ī-sáik-liĕk以色列以色列以以色列以以色列、伊色列、以斯来、伊斯列児、衣斯辣衣耳
\"\" Iraq--伊拉克伊伊拉克伊伊拉克、伊拉久
\"\" Iran--伊朗伊伊朗伊伊朗、伊郎、伊蘭、義蘭
\"\" Éng-dô印度印度印印度印印度、応帝亜、印第亜印
\"\" Éng-nà̤印尼印度尼西亚印尼印度尼西亞印尼印度尼西亜尼
\"\" Uzbekistan--乌兹别克斯坦烏茲別克月即別、月祖伯、烏茲別克斯坦
\"\" Oman--阿曼阿曼阿曼、阿蔓、汪満、甕蛮
\"\" Kazakhstan--哈萨克斯坦哈哈薩克香佐富斯坦、哈薩克斯坦香
\"\" Qatar--卡塔尔卡達華太瑠
\"\" Kampuchea--柬埔寨柬埔寨柬柬埔寨、柬蒲塞、柬埔塞、柬蒲寨、柬坡塞、漢浦塞、漢甫寨、甘陪牙、甘波邪、甘孛智、噉浦只、加保知也、柬浦塞亜
\"\" Kyrgyzstan--吉尔吉斯斯坦吉爾吉斯黠戞斯、吉里吉思
\"\" Kuwait--科威特科威特科威特、科威都、久伊都
\"\" Saudi Ā-lá-báik--阿拉伯沙特阿拉伯沙烏地阿拉伯沙特阿拉伯、沙地亜剌比亜沙
\"\" Gruzia--格鲁吉亚喬治亞具琉耳、喬治亜、草支亜、熱阿而入亜
\"\" Sê̤ṳ-lé-ā叙利亞叙利亚敘利亞叙利亜、叙里亜、西利牙、西里亜、尻屋叙
\"\" Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤新嘉波新加坡新加坡新嘉坡、新嘉波、新加坡、新賀保爾、星嘉波、星加坡、星州坡、星港、昭南支那星
\"\" Sri Lanka--斯里兰卡斯里蘭卡斯里蘭、錫蘭、錫狼、錫崙、西崙、細蘭、獅子国錫
\"\" Tái-guók泰國泰国泰泰國泰泰泰
\"\" Hàng-guók韓國大韩民国、韩国、南朝鲜韩大韓民國、韓國、南韓韓大韓民国、韓国、南朝鮮、南韓、南韓国、南高麗、南コリア、コリア共和国韓、南鮮
\"\" Tajikistan--塔吉克斯坦塔吉克塔吉克斯坦、汰爾奇斯坦塔
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók, Dṳ̆ng-guók中華人民共和國、中國中华人民共和国、中国、大陆中、陆中華人民共和國、中國、大陸中、陸中華人民共和国、中国、支那、チャイナ中、華、支
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók (Dài-uăng)中華民國 (臺灣)中华民国、台湾当局台中華民國、台灣、臺灣台、臺中華民国、台湾、中華台北、チャイニーズタイペイ台
\"\" Báe̤k Dièu-siēng北朝鮮朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、朝鲜、北朝鲜朝朝鮮民主主義人民共和國、北韓、北朝鮮朝、北韓朝鮮民主主義人民共和国、北朝鮮、コリア民主人民共和国朝、北鮮
\"\" Turkmenistan--土库曼斯坦土庫曼土庫曼斯坦、土耳古斯坦
\"\" Nĭk-buōng日本日本日日本日日本、大和、ヤマト、ヒノモト日
\"\" Nepal--尼泊尔尼泊爾尼波羅、尼泊爾、尼婆羅、泥婆羅、捏巴爾、尼伯爾
\"\" Pakistan--巴基斯坦巴基斯坦巴基斯坦、巴基斯担
\"\" Bahrain--巴林巴林巴林、八哈剌因
\"\" Palestine Guók--巴勒斯坦巴勒斯坦巴勒斯旦、巴勒斯且、巴列斯丁、巴力斯坦、巴利斯底尼、巴勒斯的拿、不利斯底尼、羽礼須多院
\"\" Bangladesh--孟加拉国孟加拉孟加拉、孟加拉国
\"\" Dĕ̤ng Timor東--东帝汶東帝汶東的木児
\"\" Hĭ-lĭ-pĭng菲律賓菲律宾菲菲律賓菲比律賓、比利賓、非立賓、非里比納、比国、比島比、非
\"\" Bhutan--不丹不丹不丹
\"\" Ùng-lài文萊文莱汶萊文莱、文萊、芠萊、婆羅乃
\"\" Uŏk-nàng越南越南越越南越越南越
\"\" Mā-lài-să̤-ā馬來西亞马来西亚马馬來西亞馬馬来西亜、瑪雷西亜馬
\"\" Miēng-diêng緬甸缅甸缅緬甸緬緬甸、尾留満緬
\"\" Maldives--马尔代夫馬爾地夫瑪勒代弗、馬地維斯、馬爾代夫、麻代父
\"\" Mùng-gū蒙古蒙古蒙蒙古蒙蒙古、蒙兀、莫臥児蒙
\"\" Iók-dáng約但约旦約旦約旦、約但、者丹
\"\" Laos--老挝老寮國寮老檛、老撾、羅宇、寮老
\"\" Lé-bă-nâung利巴嫩黎巴嫩黎巴嫩黎巴嫩、列巴濃
"^^ . . . "119"^^ . "119"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Pū-tŭng-uâ
(Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-lṳ̆k)		Guók-ngṳ̄
(Dài-uăng)		Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cêBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭng
\"\" Algeria--阿尔及利亚阿爾及利亞阿爾及、亜爾及、阿爾及利亜、阿勒支利亜、亜爾斉阿、阿爾日利、亜爾日爾、亜爾及耳、阿留世里屋
\"\" Angola--安哥拉安哥拉安哥拉、安加拉、安倔羅、諳古拉、諳喀剌、昂疴拉
\"\" Uganda--乌干达烏干達烏干達、烏敢大、烏岡太、宇岸陀
\"\" Ăi-gĭk埃及埃及埃埃及埃埃及、埃及多、阨入多、厄日多、阨日多、阨日布土、厄日度、伊及、衛士府都、黒入多、麦西、衣接埃、阨
\"\" Ethiopia--埃塞俄比亚衣索比亞越智阿皮亜、越日於比亜、埃提阿百、埃西阿比亜、埃塞俄比亜、以剔阿比亜、越尾比亜、越尾比屋、以日阿伯唖、以日阿伯亜、哀提伯
\"\" Eritrea--厄立特里亚厄利垂亞厄利垂亜、厄立特利亜、以勒得里亜
\"\" Ghana--加纳迦納加納
\"\" Cabo Verde--佛得角維德角佛得角、開普威得、輪留田、辺瑠出角
\"\" Gabon--加蓬加彭加蓬、哥邦、嘎笨
\"\" Cameroon--喀麦隆喀麥隆喀麦隆、加馬倫、夏麦論
\"\" Gambia--冈比亚甘比亞岡比亜、干比亜
\"\" Guinea--几内亚幾內亞幾内亜、幾尼亜、偽匿亜、入匿亜、為匿亜、基尼、銀名
\"\" Guinea-Bissau--几内亚比绍幾內亞比索幾内亜比紹、幾内亜美須
\"\" Kenya--肯尼亚肯肯亞肯肯尼亜、革尼亜、怯尼亜、給尼亜
\"\" Côte d'Ivoire--科特迪瓦象牙海岸象牙海岸、象牙汀、象牙浜、科特迪瓦
\"\" Comoros--科摩罗葛摩科摩羅、哥摩羅、哥麻羅、革摩羅、可摩洛、哥摩呂
\"\" Congo Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók--共和國刚果共和国刚果（布）剛果共和國、剛果剛果公果、公額、工鄂、公我、広哥、康固、剛果
\"\" Congo Mìng-ciō Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók--民主共和國刚果民主共和国刚果（金）剛果民主共和國民主剛果公果、公額、工鄂、公我、広哥、康固、剛果
\"\" São Tomé gâe̤ng Príncipe--圣多美和普林西比聖多美普林西比聖多美・普林西比
\"\" Zambia--赞比亚赞尚比亞山美亜
\"\" Sierra Leone--塞拉利昂獅子山塞拉勒窩内、塞拉利昂、塞拉略尼、比拉雷俄内、志留良礼恩、志留良々恩、塞拉略恩
\"\" Djibouti--吉布提吉布地吉布提、吉武地
\"\" Zimbabwe--津巴布韦辛巴威津巴布韋、辛巴威
\"\" Sudan--苏丹蘇丹蘇丹、蘇旦、宗段
\"\" Eswatini--斯威士兰史瓦帝尼、史瓦濟蘭斯威士蘭
\"\" Seychelles--塞舌尔塞席爾塞設勒、塞舌耳、設遮爾、西士爾
\"\" Chiáh-dô̤ Guinea赤道--赤道几内亚赤道幾內亞赤道幾内亜
\"\" Senegal--塞内加尔塞內加爾塞内加爾、塞尼加爾、塞丙牙、塞内牙、設捏哈、森伊嘎勒
\"\" Somalia--索马里索馬利亞索謀利、索馬里、楚森
\"\" Tanzania--坦桑尼亚坦尚尼亞坦桑尼亜
\"\" Chad--乍得查德差徳、乍得、乍特、在得、茶都
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-hĭ Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók中非共和國中非共和国中非中非共和國、中非中非中央阿弗利加
\"\" Tunisia--突尼斯突尼西亞突尼斯、土尼斯、都尼斯突
\"\" Togo--多哥多哥多哥
\"\" Nigeria--尼日利亚奈及利亞尼日利亜
\"\" Namibia--纳米比亚納米比亞納米比亜
\"\" Niger--尼日尔尼日尼日爾、奈遮、尼若、那以加爾
\"\" Burkina Faso--布基纳法索布吉納法索布基納法索
\"\" Burundi--布隆迪蒲隆地布隆迪
\"\" Benin--贝宁貝南貝南、別寧、比寧、伯甯
\"\" Botswana--博茨瓦纳波札那博茨瓦納、伯楚阿那、貝専納
\"\" Madagascar--马达加斯加馬達加斯加馬達加斯加、馬達加斯加耳、馬達加斯加爾、麻打曷失曷、麻打葛私加児、麻打葛矢曷爾、麻打葛所葛爾、麻太加須曷爾、瑪達嘎斯嘎、馬太加須、麻田糟軽、馬特加斯格、馬太加斯加爾
\"\" Malawi--马拉维馬拉威馬拉維、尼亜薩蘭
\"\" Mali--马里馬利麻里、馬里
\"\" Nàng-hĭ南非南非南非共和國、南非南非南非、南阿弗利加南阿
\"\" Nàng Sudan南--南苏丹南蘇丹南蘇丹
\"\" Mozambique--莫桑比克莫三比克莫三鼻給、莫三非給、莫三鼻、摩散比革、摩賛俾克、模賛皮、門沙皮刻、茂山比丘
\"\" Mauritius--毛里求斯模里西斯毛里西亜、毛利西亜、毛里西、毛里求斯
\"\" Mauritania--毛里塔尼亚茅利塔尼亞毛里塔尼亜、摩里得尼亜
\"\" Morocco--摩洛哥摩洛哥摩洛哥、摩羅哥、摩勒哥、馬邏哥、馬邏可、莫羅格、馬羅哥、摩倫哥、莫羅哥、茂禄子、麻洛哥
\"\" Lṳ̄-bī-ā呂彼亞利比亚利比亞利比亜、利未亜
\"\" Liberia--利比里亚賴比瑞亞里卑利亜、里卑里亜、里比利亜、利比里亜、利比利亜、理皮利亜、来比利亜、拉比里阿、理部利屋、理辺利屋、里比利
\"\" Rwanda--卢旺达盧安達盧旺達、魯安達
\"\" Lesotho--莱索托賴索托莱索托、礼素戸、巴蘇陀蘭
"^^ . . . "136"^^ . "136"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Pū-tŭng-uâ
(Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-lṳ̆k)		Guók-ngṳ̄
(Dài-uăng)		Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cêBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭng
\"\" Bĭng-dō̤冰島冰岛冰島氷州、氷島、氷洲、愛斯蘭、愛撒倫、愛撒蘭、依蘭、依蘭地、伊斯蘭、伊須蘭土、埃斯蘭、乙斯蘭土、阿斯蘭得氷
\"\" Ái-ī-làng愛爾蘭爱尔兰愛爾蘭愛蘭、愛倫、愛蘭土、愛耳蘭、愛爾蘭、愛爾蘭土、阿耳蘭、阿爾蘭、意爾蘭土、意而蘭太、哀耳蘭、哀爾、愛国愛
\"\" Albania--阿尔巴尼亚阿爾巴尼亞阿爾巴尼亜、亜爾抜儞、愛爾巴尼亜、阿百尼
\"\" Andorra--安道尔安道爾安徳爾拉、安多拉、安道爾、安道耳
\"\" Ĭng-guók, Ĭng-gék-lé英國, 英吉利英国英英國英英吉利、英国、英吉利斯、英吉利西、英吉利私、英格力斯、英律、英機黎、英倫、伊祇利須、伊吉里斯、意機利私、恵外連須、大不列顛、不列顛、不利顛、大貌利顛英
\"\" É-dâi-lé, Ngiê-dâi-lé意大利, 義大利意大利意義大利義伊太利、伊太利亜、伊太里、伊多里、伊多利、伊答利、意太利、意大利、意大里、意大里亜、意太利亜、意太里亜、意多礼亜、以太利、以太利亜、義大利、義太利亜、伊国伊、以、意、義
\"\" Ukraine--乌克兰烏克蘭烏烏克蘭、宇克蘭、育加来涅烏、宇
\"\" Estonia--爱沙尼亚愛沙尼亞愛沙尼亜、愛索尼亜
\"\" Ó̤-dê-lé, Ó̤-guók奧地利, 奧國奥地利奥奧地利奧墺太利、墺地利、墺土利、墺多利、墺斯利、墺太利亜、墺斯太利、墺士地利、墺地利亜、墺斯土利亜、墺西太利亜、澳地利、澳太利、澳斯多利、澳地利亜、澳太利亜、澳国、奥地利、奥地利亜、奥失突利亜、噢失突利亜、浩斯特里、欧塞特里、墺国墺、澳、奥
\"\" Hò̤-làng荷蘭荷兰荷荷蘭荷和蘭、阿蘭陀、和蘭陀、荷蘭、阿蘭、阿蘭佗、阿蘭陁、和蘭多、荷蘭陀、尼達蘭、尼徳蘭、舊蘭蘭、荷、和
\"\" Gṳ̆-bī-lô, Gĭ-dī居比路, 基底塞浦路斯賽普勒斯居比路、居伯羅、塞布羅斯、塞浦路斯、塞浦呂斯、糸杉
\"\" Hĭ-lé-nà̤, Hĭ-lăk希利尼, 希臘希腊希希臘希希臘、厄勒祭亜、厄勒矢亜、厄利斉亜、厄魯斉亜、厄勒西亜、額里士、額勒済亜、額力西、吉利士希
\"\" Croatia--克罗地亚克羅埃西亞哥羅西亜、哥羅地亜、哥羅的亜、呉呂茶、格禄亜祭、克羅地亜
\"\" Kosovo--科索沃科索沃科索伏
\"\" San Marino--圣马力诺聖馬利諾聖馬力諾、散馬利梛、聖馬利諾、塞馬利諾
\"\" Sôi-sê̤ṳ瑞士瑞士瑞士瑞西、瑞士、瑞士蘭、瑞斯児蘭、蘇微設路、瑞吐、雪際亜瑞
\"\" Sôi-diēng瑞典瑞典瑞典瑞典、雪際亜、蘇亦斉、蘇亦斉亜、蘇葉斉亜、蘇物甸、瑞威敦、瑞丁、瑞国瑞、典
\"\" Să̤-băng-ngà西班牙西班牙西西班牙西西班牙、西班呀、西班、西班尼、西班爾亜、西牙、士班牙、士班、士班雅、是班牙、依西把尼亜、日斯巴尼亜、以西巴爾亜、以西把儞亜、伊斯巴泥亜、伊西波儞亜、伊須波二屋、伊須把尼亜、伊斯把尼亜、伊斯把儞亞、伊斯把、伊斯巴、斯巴亜西、班、日
\"\" Slovakia--斯洛伐克斯洛伐克斯洛伐克、斯拉仏克
\"\" Slovenia--斯洛文尼亚斯洛維尼亞斯洛文尼亜、斯洛伐尼亜
\"\" Serbia--塞尔维亚塞爾維亞塞爾維亜、塞爾維、塞耳維、塞爾浜、設而非亜、梭斐亜
\"\" Ciĕk-káik捷克捷克捷捷克捷捷克、撒克
\"\" Dăng-măh, Dăng-mĕk丹麥丹麦丹丹麥丹丁抹、嗹馬、嗹嗎、嗹国、丹麦、丹墨、領墨、丁秣、丁扶、弟那瑪爾加、第那馬爾加、達内馬克、埭尼丁、嗹、丹
\"\" Dáik-guók, Dáik-é-cé德國, 德意志德国德德國德独逸、独乙、徳意志、都逸、岱枝、独乙都蘭度、度逸都蘭土独、徳
\"\" Tū-ī-gì土耳其土耳其土土耳其土土耳古、土耳其、土耳格、都児格、都児古、都児基、都児、土留其、土留古、都魯機、度爾格、度爾土
\"\" Nò̤-ŭi挪威挪威挪挪威挪諾威、那威、挪威、哪威、諾爾穵、諾爾京、梛耳回、那耳回、梛耳瓦、能留英、諾爾勿薏、奴児物玄、那蘭諾、那、挪
\"\" Vaticano--梵蒂冈梵梵蒂岡、教廷梵法迪坎、和地関
\"\" Hṳ̆ng-ngà-lé匈牙利匈牙利匈匈牙利匈洪牙利、匈牙利、匈加里、哄喝利、翁加里亜洪、匈
\"\" Hŭng-làng芬蘭芬兰芬芬蘭芬芬蘭、芬蘭土、分蘭、行蘭土芬
\"\" Huák-guók, Huák-làng-să̤法國, 法蘭西法国法法國法仏蘭西、法蘭西、払郎察、仏郎察、仏郎機、仏朗西、仏朗私、仏朗機、仏郎西、仏瑯西、仏蘭、仏郎、法朗西、法郎西、法郎斯、払郎西、払良察、払卵察、弗蘭西、不乱洲、夫剌莫設、仏国、法国仏、法、払
\"\" Bulgaria--保加利亚保加利亞勃牙利、布爾加利亜、布加利亜、布加利、保加利亜、伯爾加里、巴爾加利、勃爾瓦里、保該力阿、捕拉加里亜勃、布
\"\" Belarus--白俄罗斯白白俄羅斯白白露西亜、白俄羅斯
\"\" Bī-lé-sì比利時比利时比比利時比白耳義、比利時、比耳時、比耳義、白耳牛、波爾臥尼、北義窃、北義白、比
\"\" Bosnia gâe̤ng Herzegovina--波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那波黑波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納波赫波斯尼亜・塞哥維那
\"\" Pŏ̤-làng波蘭波兰波波蘭波波蘭、波蘭土、波闌土、波瀾、法蓮、孛烈児、波羅泥亜、波羅尼亜、波魯尼亜波
\"\" Buò-dò̤-ngà葡萄牙葡萄牙葡葡萄牙葡葡萄牙、葡萄呀、葡萄耳、葡萄、蒲萄牙、波爾杜瓦爾、波爾杜瓦、波而都瓦爾、波爾杜葛児、波爾杜臥爾、波羅多伽児、波児杜瓦爾、保留止賀留、蒲麗都家、葡国葡
\"\" Báe̤k Mā-gì-dóng北馬其頓北马其顿北馬其頓北馬基頓、北馬其頓、北瑪設度尼
\"\" Mī-lé-dâi米利大马尔他馬爾他摩爾太、馬爾太、馬爾達、馬児達、馬耳他、瑪児太、馬他、丸太、丸田
\"\" Moldova--摩尔多瓦摩爾多瓦摩爾多瓦、模爾杜亜、模爾徒亜、模爾太皮、摩魯達維亜、未大味
\"\" Montenegro--黑山蒙特內哥羅黒山、黒山国、蒙的尼、蒙特尼格羅、蒙的尼咢羅、門徳内革羅、門的内哥羅
\"\" Latvia--拉脱维亚拉脫維亞拉脱維亜、良都美野良
\"\" Lithuania--立陶宛立陶宛里都亜尼亜、立陶瓦、立陶宛
\"\" Liechtenstein--列支敦士登列支敦斯登利支敦士登、列支敦士登、列敦士丁
\"\" Luxembourg--卢森堡盧森堡盧森堡、盧森不爾厄、呂克松堡
\"\" Romania--罗马尼亚羅馬尼亞羅馬尼亜、羅馬尼、羅瑪尼亜、魯馬尼亜、緑馬尼羅
\"\" Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆, Ngò̤-guók俄羅斯, 俄國俄罗斯俄俄羅斯俄露西亜、露国、魯西亜、魯斯亜、魯細亜、魯斉亜、魯祭亜、魯失亜、魯国、俄羅斯、峩羅斯、鄂羅斯、鄂羅、俄国、阿羅思、斡羅思、兀魯思露、魯、俄
"^^ . . . "153"^^ . "153"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Pū-tŭng-uâ
(Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-lṳ̆k)		Guók-ngṳ̄
(Dài-uăng)		Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cêBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭng
\"\" Mī-guók, Huă-gì-guók, Mī-lé-giĕng, Hăk-cé̤ṳng-guók美國, 花旗國, 美利堅, 合眾國美国美美國美亜米利加、亜米利加合衆国、米国、亜美利加、亜美理加、亜米理加、亜墨利加、亜米理加、亜墨利迦、亜国、阿美利加、阿墨利加、米利堅、米利幹、美利堅、美理哥、美理格、弥理堅米、亜、美、弥
\"\" Antigua gâe̤ng Barbuda--安提瓜和巴布达安地卡及巴布達安提瓜和巴布達
\"\" El Salvador--萨尔瓦多薩爾瓦多薩爾瓦多、救世主国
\"\" Gă-nā-dâi加拿大加拿大加加拿大加加奈陀、加拿太、加拿大、加拿陀、加拿佗、加拿達、加奈太、加拿他、加那陀、加那達、加奈太、加奈多、加納多、金田加
\"\" Cuba--古巴古古巴古玖馬、玖瑪、古巴、吉巴、苦柏、古波、詰由巴、久場
\"\" Guatemala--危地马拉瓜地馬拉瓜地馬拉、危地馬拉、瓦地馬拉、跨的馬拉、哇的麻剌、瓜的馬拉、瓜第瑪
\"\" Grenada--格林纳达格瑞那達格林納達、額列那大
\"\" Costa Rica--哥斯达黎加哥斯大黎加哥斯達黎加、哥斯太里加、哥斯徳里加、北斯徳里加
\"\" Saint Kitts gâe̤ng Nevis--圣基茨和尼维斯聖克里斯多福及尼維斯聖基茨・尼維斯、聖基茨和尼維斯
\"\" Saint Vincent gâe̤ng Grenadines--圣文森特和格林纳丁斯聖文森及格瑞那丁聖文森特・格林納丁
\"\" Saint Lucia--圣卢西亚聖露西亞聖盧西亜、聖路西亜
\"\" Dominica--多米尼克多米尼克土弥尼加、多米尼加
\"\" Dominica Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók--共和國多米尼加多明尼加多米尼加、土弥尼加、多明各共和国
\"\" Trinidad gâe̤ng Tobago--特立尼达和多巴哥千里達及托巴哥特立尼達和多巴哥、特尼答・多巴峩
\"\" Nicaragua--尼加拉瓜尼加拉瓜尼加拉瓜、尼加拉瓦、尼喀拉瓜、尼嘎拉瓜
\"\" Haiti--海地海地海地、亥智、平智、亥第、海智、海提、拝地
\"\" Panama, Bă-nā-mā--, 巴拿馬巴拿马巴拿馬巴奈馬、巴拿馬、巴那馬、巴那瑪、巴奈麻、巴納麻、巴那麻、巴納甸、巴納摩、把納麻、帕那麻、哈那麻、花間巴
\"\" Bahamas--巴哈马巴哈馬巴哈麻、巴哈馬、巴哈瑪、巴哈摩、抜法瑪、波巴馬斯、馬浜
\"\" Barbados--巴巴多斯巴貝多巴巴突、巴巴多斯、巴波徳斯、巴佩道斯、波耳波徳斯、抜爾抜度斯、抜而抜読私、罷抜度士
\"\" Belize--伯利兹貝里斯百里斯、伯利茲、伯里斯、巴利斯
\"\" Honduras--洪都拉斯宏都拉斯閎都拉斯、閎都拉、鬨都拉斯、洪都拉斯
\"\" Mĕ̤k-să̤-gŏ̤墨西哥墨西哥墨墨西哥墨墨西哥、墨是哥、墨是可、墨期矢哥、墨其西哥、墨士哥、墨斯哥、墨是歌、墨是科、墨即可、美希哥、黙西歌、黙時科、米斯哥、女喜志古墨
"^^ . . . "176"^^ . "176"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Pū-tŭng-uâ
(Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-lṳ̆k)		Guók-ngṳ̄
(Dài-uăng)		Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cêBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭng
\"\" Argentina--阿根廷阿根廷亜爾然丁、阿根廷、阿真廷、阿爾然丁、阿根第那、亜善多陰、亜襄太印亜
\"\" Uruguay--乌拉圭烏拉圭烏拉乖、烏拉圭、烏魯圭、烏爾怪、伍魯夸愛、宇流愚威、宇柳貝、烏爾圭
\"\" Ecuador--厄瓜多尔厄瓜多厄瓜多、厄瓜多爾、厄瓜得爾、哀瓜多、英加土爾、依怪佗爾、赤道国
\"\" Guyana--圭亚那蓋亞那圭亜那、歪阿那、五井梁
\"\" Colombia--哥伦比亚哥倫比亞哥倫比亜、哥倫比、可倫比亜、哥倫米阿、閣龍比亜、古倫比亜、可侖比亜、古論備亜、戈攬弥阿、古論備屋、科倫比亜
\"\" Suriname--苏里南蘇利南蘇里南、蘇立南
\"\" Chile--智利智智利智智利、智里、知里、池鯉、地鯉、地利智
\"\" Paraguay--巴拉圭巴拉圭巴拉圭、巴羅貝、巴羅怪、巴拉貝、巴剌克歪
\"\" Bă-să̤巴西巴西巴西伯剌西爾、巴西、伯西児、伯西爾、伯拉西、伯剌西利、巴悉、白来斉耳、武剌斉里、武良尻、巴西爾、巴拉西利、舞楽而留伯、巴
\"\" Venezuela--委内瑞拉委內瑞拉委内瑞拉、委内瑞辣、分額兌拉、花尼日羅、非宜蘇意拉、部根重良委
\"\" Peru--秘鲁秘秘魯秘秘露、秘魯、孛露、白露、比路、比露、俾路、啤嚕、百露、平柳秘
\"\" Bolivia--玻利维亚玻利維亞玻里非、玻利非亜、玻利維亜、玻里比亜、波利非亜、波利斐亜、波利美亜、波力斐、波力斐唵、波里非、暮利比亜、保里備屋、保里美亜波
"^^ . . . "198"^^ . "198"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄Pū-tŭng-uâ
(Dṳ̆ng-guók dâi-lṳ̆k)		Guók-ngṳ̄
(Dài-uăng)		Nĭk-buōng-ngṳ̄
Bàng-uâ-cêHáng-cêBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭngBiēu-géGāng-chĭng
\"\" Ó̤-ciŭ, Ó̤-dâi-lé-ā澳洲, 澳大利亞澳大利亚澳澳大利亞、澳洲澳濠太剌利、濠太剌利亜、濠斯剌利、濠斯剌利亜、濠太利亜、濠斯太利亜、濠斯太剌利亜、濠斯太良利亜、濠太利連邦、濠州、濠洲、豪太剌利、豪斯多拉利、豪斯多剌里亜、豪斯荅剌里、豪斯多辣里洲、豪州、澳大利亜、澳太利亜、澳大利、澳太利、澳太剌利、浩斯特里、浩斯特利亜、亜烏斯答剌利豪、濠、澳、浩
\"\" Cook Gùng-dō̤--群島库克群岛庫克群島
\"\" Kiribati--基里巴斯吉里巴斯基里巴斯
\"\" Samoa--萨摩亚薩摩亞撒摩阿、散摩亜、撒麻亜、察母阿、薩摩亜、三毛亜
\"\" Solomon Gùng-dō̤--群島所罗门群岛索羅門群島撒羅蒙、瑣羅門、梭羅門、索勒蒙、掃羅們、所羅門、鎖羅門諸島
\"\" Tuvalu--图瓦卢吐瓦魯挨里西、伊里斯、津張、図瓦盧
\"\" Tonga--汤加東加東加、湯加
\"\" Nauru--瑙鲁諾魯瑙魯
\"\" Niue--纽埃紐威丹上
\"\" Niū-să̤-làng, Sĭng-să̤-làng紐西蘭, 新西蘭新西兰新紐西蘭紐新西蘭、牛西蘭、新西蘭土、新設蘭杜、紐斯蘭、新地伊蘭土、新刖蘭土、新則蘭土、新則蘭地、榒日倫敦新、乳
\"\" Vanuatu--瓦努阿图萬那杜新希比利的、新希不力兌斯、新赫布里底、牛亥伯利第、紐海白力斯、瓦努阿図
\"\" Papua New Guinea--巴布亚新几内亚巴布亞紐幾內亞巴布亜新几内亜、巴布亜新吉尼、巴不亜新幾尼亜
\"\" Palau--帕劳帛琉巴楼、巴羅、帛琉
\"\" Fiji--斐济斐濟非支、非地、斐支、斐斉、斐済、菲済
\"\" Marshall Gùng-dō̤--群島马绍尔群岛馬紹爾群島麻紹耳、瑪沙勒、瑪塞爾、馬耳沙爾、摩亜該児、馬沙爾諸島、馬紹爾諸島
\"\" Micronesia Lièng-băng--聯邦密克罗尼西亚联邦密克羅尼西亞聯邦蜜克羅尼西亜、美哥魯尼西亜
"^^ . . . "266"^^ . "266"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0冖
2㓀㓁冗冘
3冚
5冝
6冞
7㓂冠冟𠖈
8冤冡冢冣冤冥冦冧𠖎
9冨
10㓃𠖘
12冩𠖝
13㓄
14冪
16𠖤𠖥
18𠖨
"^^ . . . "289"^^ . "289"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0刀刁刂
1刃刄
2刅分切刈
3㓚㓛㓜𠚯刊刋刌刉
4㓝㓞𠛌刎刏刐刑划刓刔刕刖列刘
5㓟㓠𠛣𠛤刜初刞刟刪删刬刭刡刢刣判別别刦刧刨利
6刻㓡㓢㓣㓤㓦𠛬刮刯刺刻刼刽𠜎𠜏到刱刲刳刴剁刵制刷券刹刺
7剆㓧㓨㓩㓪㓫削剋剌前剎剏𠜬𠜭𠜮𠜯剃剄剅剆則剈剉
8剤㓬㓭㓮㓯㓰剚剛剜剝剞剟剒剓剔剕剖剗剘剙剠剡剢剦剧𠜱𠝇𠝓𠝔𠝕𠝖𠝗剣
9㓱㓲㓳㓴㓵㓶剪剫剬剭剮副𠝫𠝭𠝺𠝻𠝼剨剰剶𠝹剱
10割㓷㓸㓹㓺㓻𠞠𠞡𠞢𠞛𠞟剩割剳剴創
11剷㓼㓽𠞸𠞹𠞺𠟀剺剻剼剽剾剿剷剸剹
12㓾㓿𠟈𠟤𠟥㔀㔁㔂㔃㔄㔅㔆㔇㔈㔉劀劁劂劃劄
13𠟲𠟸𠟹㔊劊劋劌劍劎劏劅劆劇劈劉
14㔋㔌㔍𠠊劐劑劒劓劔𠠇𠠉
15㔎㔏𠠍𠠚劕𠠑𠠙
16㔐
17㔑劖
18㔒𠠩
19𠠬𠠭劗劘
21劚劙
"^^ . . . "307"^^ . "307"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0土
1圠圡
2㘦圢圣圤圥圦圧
3在圩圪圫圬圭圮圯地圱圲圳圴圵圶圷圸圹场
4㘧㘨㘩㘪㘫㘬㘭㘮㘯㘰圻圼圽圾圿址坁坂坃坄坅坆均坈坉坊坋坌坍坎坏坐坑坒坓坔坕坖块坘坙坚坛坜坝坞坟坠
5㘱㘲㘳㘴㘵坡坢坣坤坥坦坧坨坩坪坫坬坭坮坯坰坱坲坳坴坵坶坷坸坹坺坻坼坽坾坿垀垁垂垃垄垅垆垇垈垉垊
6㘶㘷㘸㘹㘺㘻㘼㘽㘾型垌垍垎垏垐垑垒垓垔垕垖垗垘垙垚垛垜垝垞垟垠垡垢垣垤垥垦垧垨垩垪垫垬垭垮垯垰垱垲垳垴垵城
7㘿㙀㙁㙂㙃㙄㙅㙆垶垷垸垹垺垻垼垽垾垿埀埁埂埃埄埅埆埇埈埉埊埋埌埍埏埐埑埒埓埔埕埖埗埘埙埚埛﨏
8㙇㙈㙉㙊㙋㙌㙍埜埝埞域埠埡埢埣埤埥埦埧埨埩埫埬埭埮埯埰埱埲埳埴埵埶執埸培基埻埼埽埾埿堀堁堂堃堄堅堆堇堈堉堊堋堌堍堎堏堐堑堒堓堔堕堵
9㙎㙏㙐㙑㙒㙓㙔㙕㙖㙗㙘埪堖堗堘堙堚堛堜堝堞堟堠堡堢堣堤堥堦堧堨堩堪堫堬堭堮堯堰報堲堳場堶堷堸堹堺堻堼堾堿塀塁塂塄塅塆塇塈
10㙙㙚㙛㙜㙝㙞㙟堽塃塉塊塋塌塍塎塏塐塑塒塓塔塕塖塗塘塙塚塛塜塝塞塟塠塡塢塣塤塥塦塧塨塩塪填塬塭塮塯塰塱塞塚
11㙠㙡㙢㙣㙤㙥㙦塲塳塴塵塶塷塸塹塺塻塼塽塾塿墀墁墂境墄墅墆墇墈墉墊墋墌墍墎墏墐墑墒墓墔墕墖増墘墙墚墛
12㙧㙨㙩㙪㙫㙬㙭㙮㙯墜墝增墟墠墡墢墣墤墥墦墧墨墩墪墫墬墭墮墯墰墱墲墳墴墵墶墷墸墹
13㙰㙱㙲㙳㙴㙵㙶墺墻墼墽墾墿壀壁壂壃壄壅壆壇壈壉壊壋壌
14㙷㙸㙹㙺壍壎壏壐壑壒壓壔壕壖壗
15㙻㙼㙽壘壙
16㙾㙿壚壛壜壝壞壟壠壢
17㚀壣壤壥
18壦
20壧壨
21㚁壩
22㚂壪
"^^ . . . "279"^^ . "279"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0屮
1屯㞢
3屰
4𡴉㞣㞷
9𡴢
"^^ . . . "256"^^ . "256"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0彳
1𢒼
2㣔
3彴彵㣕𢓁
4彺彻彶彷彸役鿈鿉㣖㣗𢓉𢓌
5彼彽彾彿往征徂徃㣘㣙𢓚
6徊律後徍待徆徇很徉徔㣚㣛㣜㣝㣞㣟㣠㣡
7徎徏徐徑徒従㣢㣣𢓭𢓳
8徛徜徝從徟徖得徘徙徠御徢徣徤㣤㣥㣦㣧㣨㣩𢔛𢔓
9徚徥徦徧徨復循徫㣪㣫㣬㣭㣮𢔰
10徬徭微徯徰㣯
11徱徳徴㣰㣱㣲𢕔
12徲徵徶德徸徹徺㣳㣴𢕸
13徻徼㣵㣶𢖀
14徽徾㣷𢖍
15𢖕𢖖
16徿㣸
17忀忁㣹
18忂
"^^ . . . "296"^^ . "296"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0手扌龵才
1𢩦𢩧扎
2𢩪㧃㧄㧅扐扑扒打扔払扖
3扝𢩭𢩮𢩽𢩾𢩿𢪀㧆㧇㧈扏扚扛扜扝扞扗托扙扠扡扢扣扤扥扦执扨扩
4𢪗𢪥𢪭𢪮𢪯𢪰𢪱𢪲𢪳㧉㧊㧋㧌㧍㧎㧐抣护报扟扭扮扯扺扻扼扽找承把抋抌抍抎抏抚抛抜抝択扰扱扲扳扴扵扶扷批技抁抂抃抄抅抆抇抈抉抐抑抒抓抔投抖抗折抙
5抱拔𢪷𢪸𢫃𢫄𢫅𢫆𢫈𢫌𢫏𢫑𢫕𢫖𢫗𢫘𢫙𢫚𢫛𢫜𢫝𢫞𢫟𢫠𢫣㧒㧓㧔㧕㧖㧗㧙㧚㧜㧝㧞㧠抦抧抨抪披抬抭抮抯抰抱抲抳抴抵抶抷抸抹抺抻押抽拥抩抾抿拀拁拂拃拄担拆拇拈拉拊拋拌拍拎㧘拏拐拑拒拓拔拕拖拗拘拙拚招拜拝拞拟拠拡拤拧扸拉拓
6拼𢫦𢫨𢫫𢫱𢬎𢬭𢬮𢬄𢬅𢬇𢬐𢬗𢬢𢬣𢬤𢬥𢬦𢬧𢬨𢬩㧡㧢㧣㧤㧥㧦㧧㧨㧩㧪㧫㧬㧭㧮㧯㧱拪拫括拭拮拯拰拱挙拲拳拴拵拶拷拸拹拺拻拼拽拾拿挊挋挌挍挎挏挚挀持挂挃挄挅挆指挈挛按挐挑挒挓挔挕挖挗挘挦挧拾
7捐挽𢬿𢭜𢭝𢭪𢭫𢭬𢭭𢭮𢭯𢭺𢭻𢭼𢭽𢭾𢭿𢬱𢬹𢭃𢭆𢭑𢭗𢭰𢭱𢭲𢭳𢭴𢭵𢭶𢭷𢭸𢭹𢮀㧲㧳㧴㧵㧶㧷㧸挪挫挬挭挮振挺挻挼挽挾挿捊捋捌捍捎捏捚捛捜捝挩挨挰挱挲挳挴挵挶挷挸挹捀捁捂捃捄捅捆捇捈捉捐捑捒捓捔捕捖捗捘捙捠捤
8捨掃掩㨀㨁㨂㨃㨄㨅㨆㨇㨈𢮎𢮑𢮓𢮩𢮪𢮫𢮬𢮭𢮿𢯊𢯎𢯏𢯐𢯑𢯒𢯓𢯔𢯕𢯖𢯗𢯘𢯙𢯚𢯛𢯜𢯝𢯞𢯟𢯠𢯡𢯢𢯤𢯥𢯦𢯧𢯨㧹㧺㧻㧼㧽㧾㧿掠採探掣掤接掦控推掩措掫掬掭掮掯掰掱掳掴掵掶掷掸掹掺掻掽捪捫捬捭据捯捺捻捼捽捾捿掊掋掌掍掎掏掚掛掜掝掞掟捥捦捧捨捩捰捱捲捳捴捵捶捷捸捹掀掁掂掃掄掅掆掇授掉掐掑排掓掔掕掖掗掘掙捻掠
9揤㨊㨋㨌㨍㨎㨏㨉㨐㨑㨒㨓㨔㨕㨗㨘𢯮𢯷𢰝𢰺𢰽𢱌𢱎𢱏𢱚𢱛𢱜𢱝𢱞𢰤𢰥𢰦𢰧𢰳𢰸𢱐𢱑𢱒𢱓𢱔𢱕𢱖𢱗𢱘𢱙掲掾掿揀揁揂揃揄揆揇揈揉揊揋揌揍揎描提揑插揓揔揕揖揗揘揙揚換揜揝揞揟揠握揢揣揤揥揦揧揨揩揪揫揬揭揮揯揰揱揲揳援揵揶揷揸揹揻揼揾捶搃搄摒揄
10搢㨚㨛㨜㨝㨞㨟㨪㨬㨖㨙㨠㨡㨢㨣㨤㨥㨦㨧㨨㨩𢲛𢲝𢲟𢱢𢱨𢲈𢲔𢲠𢲡𢲢𢲣𢲤𢲥𢲦𢲧𢲨𢲩𢲪𢲫𢲬𢲭𢲮𢲯𢲱𢲲搊搋搌損搎搏搚搛搜搝搞搟搪搫搬搭搮搯携搻搼搽搾搿摊搆搇搈搉搐搑搒搓搔搕搖搗搘搙搠搡搢搣搤搥搦搧搨搩搰搲搳搴搵搶搷搸搹摀摁摂摃摇摉搜
11揅㨮摩摾摷㨭㨮㨯㨺㨻撃㨼㨽㨾㨿㨰㨱㨲㨳㨴㨵㨶㨷㨸㨹㩀㩁㩂𢲵𢲷𢲸𢳁𢳂𢳆𢳉𢳜𢳞𢳠𢳥𢳳𢴊𢴋𢴌𢴍𢴎𢴏𢴚摳𢴛𢴜𢴝𢴞𢴇𢴈𢴉𢴐𢴑𢴒𢴓𢴔𢴕𢴖𢴗𢴘𢴙揅摋摌摍摎摏摚摛摜摝摞摟摪摫摬摭摮摯摺摻摼摽摾摿摐摑摓摔摕摗摘摙摠摡摢摣摤摥摦摧摨摩摰摱摲摴摵摶摷摸摹撀撁撂撇
12撝㩊㩋㩌㩍㩎㩏㩃㩄㩅㩆㩇㩈㩉㩐㩑𢵋𢵌𢵪𢵫𢵬𢵭𢵮𢵯𢵺𢵻𢵼𢵽𢵄𢵉𢵓𢵔𢵧𢵨𢵩𢵰𢵱𢵲𢵳𢵴𢵵𢵶𢵷𢵸𢵹𢷅撠撡撢撣撤撥撦撧撨撩撪撫撬播撮撯撰撱撲撳撴撶撹撺擆撊撋撌撍撎撏撚撛撜撝撞撟搱摖撅撆撈撉撐撑撒撓撔撕撖撗撘撙撚
13㩒㩓㩔㩕㩖㩗㩘㩙𢶍𢶜𢶟𢶂𢶐𢶑𢶒𢶕𢶠𢶢𢶣𢶤𢶥𢶯𢶶𢶷𢶸𢶹𢶺𢶻𢶼𢶽𢶾𢶿𢷀𢷁𢷂𢷃𢷄𢷆撻撼撽撾撿擀擁擂擃擄擅擇擈擉擊擋擌操擎擏擐擑擒擓擔擕擖擗擘擙據擛擜擝擞擄
14㩚㩛㩜㩝㩞㩟𢷡𢷣𢷮𢷯𢷰𢷱𢷲𢷳𢷴𢷵擟擠擡擢擣擤擦擧擨擩擪擫擬擭擮擯擰擱
15㩪㩫㩠㩡㩢㩣㩤㩥㩦㩧㩨㩩𢷹𢸍𢸚𢸛𢸜𢸝𢸞𢸟𢸠𢸡𢸢擥擲擳擴擵擶擷擸擹擺擻擼擽擾擿攀攁攂攃攄攅攆
16㩬㩭𢹊𢹌𢸵𢸶𢹂𢹅𢹆𢹇𢹈𢹉攊攋攌攍攎攏攇攈攉攐
17㩮㩯㩰𢹪𢹫𢹑𢹣𢹤𢹥𢹦𢹧𢹨𢹩攚攑攓攔攕攖攗攘攙
18㩱㩲㩳㩴𢹽𢹾𢹿𢹲𢹸𢺀𢺁攛攜攝
19𢺋𢺍𢺎𢺒𢺓𢺔攞攟攠攡攢攣攤攦攧
20㩵㩶㩷𢺛𢺜𢺝攪攫攥攨攩
21𢺤攬攭
22㩸㩹攮
25𢺳
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Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0牛牜⺧
2㸨牝牞牟
3㸪㸩牠牡牢牣牤𤘘
4㸫㸬㸭㸮㸯牪牫牬𤘪牥牦牧牨物𤘩
5㸰㸱㸲㸳㸴牭牮牯牰牱牲牳牴牵
6㸵㸶㸷㸸牺牶牷牸特𤙖
7㸺㸻㸼㸽㸾㸿㸹㹀牻牼牽牾牿𤙭𤙮犁𤙥
8㹁㹂㹃犋犀犂犃犄犅犆犇犈犉𤙴𤚆𤚇
9㹅㹆㹇㹈𤚥𤚦𤚧犌犍犎犏犐犑𤚗
10犕㹊㹋㹄㹉𤛇犒犓犔犕犖犗
11㹌㹍㹎㹏㹐𤛔𤛞𤛠犚犛犘犙
12㹑㹒㹓犜犝犞犟
13㹔㹕㹖犠
14㹗㹘
15㹙犡犢犣犤犥犦
16犧犨𤜆
17㹚
18㹛犩
20犪
23犫
"^^ . . . "345"^^ . "345"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0心忄⺗
1必忆㣺
2忇忈忉忊㣻𢖯悦
3忍志忋忌忍忎忏忐忑忒忓忔忕忖志忘忙忚忛応㣼㣽㣾㣿𢖾㤀
4忹忝忞忟忠忡忢忣忤忥忦忧忨忩忪快忬忭忮忯忰忱忲忳忴念忶忷忸忹忺忻忼忽忾忿㤋㤊㤁㤂㤃㤄㤅㤆㤇㤈㤉怀怂态怃念
5㤌㤍㤎㤏怊怋怌怍怎怏怚怛怜思怞怟怪怫怬怭怮怯怺总怼怽怾𢘛𢘜𢘫㤐㤑㤒㤓㤔㤕㤖㤗㤘㤙怇怈怉怐怑怒怓怔怕怖怗怘怙怠怡怢怣怤急怦性怨怩怰怱怲怳怴怵怶怷怸怹𢘉怜怒
6㤺㤜㤚㤛㤜㤝㤞㤟㤪㤫㤬㤭恶㤺恊恋恼恌恍恎恏恚恛恜恝恞恟恪恫恬恭恮息㤠㤡㤢㤣㤤㤥㤦㤧㤨㤩恀恁恂恃恄恅恆恇恈恉恐恑恒恓恔恕恖恗恘恙恠恡恢恣恤恥恦恧恨恩恰恱恲恳恴恵恷恸恹𢙨
7悁悔悠悡悢患悤悥悦悧您悩悪悫悬㤮㤯㤻㤼㤽恾恿悊悋悌悍悎悏悚悛悜悝悞悟㤰㤱㤲㤳㤴㤵㤶㤷㤸㤹悀悁悂悃悄悅悆悇悈悉悐悑悒悓悔悕悖悗悘悙𢚖𢚘悔恵
8惇悰悱悲悳惪㥀悴悵悶㥃悷悸悹悺悻悼悽悾悿惀惁惂惃惄情惆惇惈惉惊惋惌惍惎惏惐惑惒惓惔惕惖惗惘惙惚惛惜惝惞惟惠惡惢惣惤惥惦惧惩𢛴𢛵𢛶㤾㤿㥊㥋㥌㥍㥎㥏𢜛𢜟惘惫㥂㥄㥅㥆㥇㥈㥉㥐㥑㥒㥓㥔㥕㥖㥗㥘㥙𢜒𢜔
9惰惱惲想惴惵惶惷惸惹惺惻惼惽惾惿㥚㥛㥜㥝㥞㥟㥪㥫愊愋愌愍愎意愚愛愜愝愞感𢜪㥠㥡㥢㥣㥤㥥㥦㥧㥨㥩愀愁愂愃愄愅愆愇愈愉愐愑愒愓愔愕愖愗愘愙愠愡愢愣愥慨𢝵𢞁慨愈
10慈慌慎𢞴𢞵𢟍㥬㥭㥮㥯㥺㥻愪愫愬愭愮愯愺愻愼愽愾愿慊態慌慍慎慏㥰㥱㥲㥳㥴㥵㥶㥷㥸㥹愧愨愩愰愱愲愳愴愵愶愷愸愹慀慁慂慃慄慅慆慇慈慉慐𢞖
11慺㥼㥽㥾㥿慚慛慜慝慞慟慪慫慬慮慯慺慻慼慽慾慿㦀㦁㦂㦃㦄㦅㦆㦇㦈慒慓慔慕慖慗慘慙慠慡慢慣慤慥慦慧慩慰慱慲慳慴慵慶慷慸慹憀憁憂憃憄憅憆憇憈𢠃慠
12憲憤憯憠憡憢憣憤憥憦憧憨憩憪憫憬憭憮憯憰憱憲憳㦊㦋㦌㦍㦎㦏慭憊憋憌憍憎憏憚憛憜憝憞憟𢡛𢡟㦉㦐㦑㦒㦓㦔㦕㦖憉憐憑憒憓憔憕憖憗憘憙𢡠𢡱
13憴憵憶憷憸憹憺憼憽憾憿懀懁懂懃懄懅懆懇懈應懊懋懌懍懎懏懐懓懔𢢫𢢭𢣁㦗㦘㦙
14懞㦠憻懕懖懗懘懙懚懛懜懝懞懟懠懡懢懣懤懥懦懧懨𢣷㦚㦛㦜㦝㦞㦟
15懲㦡㦢懩懪懫懬懭懮懯懰懱懲懳懴
16懶㦣㦤㦥㦦㦧懵懶懷懸𢤦𢤹懶
17㦨㦩㦪懹懺懻𢥏
18懼懽懾懿
19㦫㦬𢥫戀戁戂𢥧
20戃戄
21戅𢦀
24㦭戇
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Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0歹歺
2㱙死
3歼𣧂
4㱚㱛㱜㱝歽歾歿殀殁𣧑
5㱞㱟㱠殂殃殄殅殆
6㰷㱡殊殈殉
7㱢㱣殌殍殎殏殐殑𣨕
8㱤㱥㱦㱧㱨㱩殚殔殕殖殗殘殙𣨭𣨮𣨧𣨰
9㱪㱫㱬㱭㱮殛殜𣩁𣩂
10㱯㱰㱱㱲殝殞殟殠
11㱳㱴殢殣殤殥殦
12㱵㱶㱷殧殨殩殪殫𣩦
13㱸殬殭殮
14殯
15殰殱𣩸
16㱺㱹
17殲
19㱻
"^^ . . . "321"^^ . "321"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0玉王玊
1玌玍
2玎玏玐玑
3玒玓玔玕玖玗玘
4玠玡玢玣玤玥玦玧玨玩玪玫玬玭环玜玝玞玟𤤌𤤀𤤁
5玲玳玴玵玶玷玸玹玻玼玽玾玿珀珁珂珃珄珅珆珇珈珉珊珋珌珍珎玺珏珐
6珒珓珔珕珖珗珘珙珚珛珜珝珞珟珠珡珢珣珤珥珦珧珨珩珪珫珬班珮珯琉琉珞
7珳珴珵珶珸珹珺珻珼珽現珿琊琋琌琍琎琀琁琂球琄琅理琇琈琑琒琓理
8珷琚琛琜琝琟琪琫琬琭琮琯琺琻琼琔琕琖琗琘琙琠琡琢琣琤琥琦琧琨琩琰琱琲琳琴琵琶琷琸琹
9瑇瑜琞琽琾琿瑊瑋瑌瑍瑎瑏瑚瑛瑜瑝瑞瑟瑀瑁瑂瑃瑄瑅瑆瑇瑈瑉瑐瑑瑒瑓瑔瑕瑖瑗瑘瑙
10瑱瑪瑫瑬瑭瑮瑯瑠瑡瑢瑣瑤瑥瑦瑧瑨瑩瑰瑱瑲瑳瑴瑵瑶瑷瑸瑩瑱𤨒
11璅瑺瑻瑼瑽瑾瑿璊璋璌瑹璀璁璂璃璄璅璆璇璈璉璓璉
12璠璡璣璤璍璏璚璛璜璝璞璟璐璑璒璔璕璖璗璘璙璘
13璢璥璦璧璨璩璪璫璬璭璮璯環璱璲璳璴
14璵璶璷璸璹璺璻璼璽璾璿瓀瓁瓂
15瓊瓃瓄瓅瓆瓇瓈瓉瓊瓋
16瓌瓍瓎瓏瓐瓑
17瓓瓔瓕瓖
18瓗瓘瓙
19瓚
20瓛
22𤫢
24𤫩
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Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0几𠘨
1凣凢
2凤风𠘰
3凥処凧
4凨凩凪
5凬𠙅
6凭凮
8𠙖
9㓘凰
10凱凲𠙣
12凳凴
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Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0尢尣𡯁𡯂
1尤
3尥尦㝼
4尪尫尬尨尩㝽
5㝾㝿
6㞁尮尯㞀㞁
7㞂
8㞃㞄㞅㞆
9尰就㞇㞈
10尲尳㞊㞉
11𡰏
12尵
14尶尷
"^^ . . . "217"^^ . "217"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0丶
1丷
2丸丸义
3为丹
4主丼
7丽
"^^ . . . "199"^^ . "199"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0止龰
1正
2㱏此
3㱐㱑步
4武歧歨歩
5㱒㱓㱔歪歫
6歬歭𣥱
8㱕㱖歮歯𣦆
9歰歱歲歳𣦍𣦎
10㱗歴𣦓
11歵歶𣦛
12歷
14㱘歸
17𣦮
18𣦰
"^^ . . . "202"^^ . "202"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0食𩙿𩚀𩚁
2䬢飡飢飣飤
3䬣䬤䬥飥飦飥餳𩚔飧飨
4䬪䬦䬧䬨䬩飩飪飫飬飭飮飯飰飱飲𩚦𩚧
5䬳䬫䬬䬭䬮䬯䬰䬱䬲䬳䬴飳飴飵飶飷飸飹飻飼飾飿𩚩𩛂𩛃𩛄餞
6䬺䬻䬵䬶䬷䬸餍䬹飺𩛜養餋餌餎餃餏餅餀餁餂餄餆餇餈餉
7䬼䬽䬾䬿䭀䭁䭂𩛰𩛷𩛸餝餑餖餓餐餑餒餓餔餕餖餗餘餙
8餩䭃䭄䭅䭆䭇餚餛餜餞餟𩜪𩜫餠餡餢餣餤餥餦餧館𩜁𩜠
9䭊䭋䭌䭍䭎䭏䭈䭉餪餫餬餭餮餯餿饞𩜽餰餱餲餳餴餵餷饋𩜲𩜶𩝇𩝐
10䭐䭑䭒䭓䭔餺餻餼餽餾餿饁饃𩝺𩝻餶餸餹饀饁饂饈
11䭕䭖䭗𩞝饄饅饆饇饈饉
12䭚䭛䭜䭘䭙饊饋饌饍饎饏饐饑饒饓饊饌
13䭝䭞䭟䭠𩟂𩟆饔饕饖饗饘饙
14䭡䭢䭣䭤𩟔𩟡𩟢饚饛饜䉵
15䭥𩟬
16𩟵饝
17䭦䭧饞饟
18䭨
19䭩饠饡
21𩟻
22𩟼饢
"^^ . . . "201"^^ . "201"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0力
1劜
2劝
3加务劢㘞功㔓
4㔕劣劤劥劦劧动𠠺㔕㔔㔖
5助努劫劬劭劮劯劰励労𠡎𠡏㔘
6劵劶劷劸効劺劻劼劽劾㔚㔛𠡚𠡛㔙
7勁勂勃勄勅勆勇勈勉勊㔜𠡧勉勇
8勌勍勎勏勐勑㔝㔞㔟𠡺𠡳
9勓勔動勖勘務㔠勒
10勛勜勝勞㔡𠢑
11勤募勠勡勢勣勤勦勧𠢝𠢞𠢟
12勨勩勪勫勬勭𠢬㔢勥
13勮勯勰勱勲
14勳
15勴勵勶𠢹㔣㔤㔥㔦
16𠣂㔧
17勷
18勸
"^^ . . . "269"^^ . "269"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0疒
1𤴥
2㽱㽲𤴪𤴬𤴭疓疔疕疖疗
3㽳㽴㽵㽶𤴲𤴵𤴶疠疚疛疜疝疞疟疘疙
4㽺㽻㽼㽷㽸㽹𤵊𤵕𤵖疢疣疤疥疦疧疨疩疪疫疬疭疮疯疺
5㽽㽾㽿㾀㾁㾂㾃㾄㾅㾆㾇㾈㾉𤵪𤵳𤵴𤵶疰疱疲疳疴疵疶疷疸疹疻疼疽疾疿痀痁痂痃痄病痆症痈
6㾊㾋㾌㾍㾎㾏㾐㾑㾒𤵺𤶎𤶏𤶄𤶈𤶐𤶑𤶒痊痋痌痍痎痏痐痑痒痓痔痕
7㾚㾛㾜㾝㾞㾟㾓㾔㾕㾖㾗㾘㾙㾠㾡𤶜𤶸𤶹𤶺𤶻𤶼𤶽𤶾𤶿痗痘痙痚痛痜痝痞痟痠痡痢痣痤痥痦痧痨痩痢
8㾢㾣㾤㾥㾦㾧㾨㾩𤷂𤷄𤷇𤷒𤷪𤷫𤷭𤷮𤷯𤷰𤷱𤷲𤷳𤷴𤷵𤷶痬痭痮痯痰痱痲痳痴痵痶痷痸痹痺痻痼痽痾痿瘀瘁瘂瘃瘄瘅瘆
9瘐㾪㾫㾬㾭㾮㾯㾰㾱㾲㾳㾴㾵𤸎𤸄𤸒𤸧𤸨瘊瘋瘌瘍瘎瘏瘟瘇瘈瘉瘐瘑瘒瘓瘔瘕瘖瘗瘘瘧瘟
10㾶㾷㾸㾹㾺㾻㾼㾽㾾㾿㿀㿁𤸭𤸻𤹚𤸱𤸷𤹐𤹑𤹒𤹓𤹔𤹕𤹖𤹗𤹘𤹙瘚瘛瘜瘝瘞瘪瘫瘙瘠瘡瘢瘣瘤瘥瘦瘨瘩瘝
11㿂㿃㿄㿅㿆㿇㿈𤹪𤹼𤹽𤹾𤹿瘬瘭瘮瘯瘺瘻瘼瘽瘾瘿癊瘰瘱瘲瘳瘴瘵瘶瘷瘸瘹
12㿉㿊𤺋𤺥𤺧𤺭𤺮𤺯𤺰𤺱𤺲𤺳𤺴𤺵𤺶癋癌癍癎癀癁療癃癄癅癆癇癈癉療
13㿋㿌㿍㿎㿏㿐𤻎𤻏𤻐𤻑𤻒𤻓𤻔癏癚癛癜癝癞癐癑癒癓癔癕癖癗癘癙
14㿑㿒㿓𤻪𤻫𤻬𤻭癟癠癡癣
15㿔𤻳𤻻𤻼𤻽𤻾癢癤癥癦
16㿕㿖㿗癪癧癨癩
17㿘𤼎癬癭癮
18㿙𤼓𤼔𤼕癯癰
19㿚㿛癱癲
20𤼞
21癳
23㿜𤼣癴
25癵
"^^ . . . "203"^^ . "203"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0干
2平
3年幵
5并幷幸
6𢆕
7𢆘
10幹𢆠
12𢆥
13𢆧𢆨
15𢆪
16𢆫
18𢆭
"^^ . . . "159"^^ . "159"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0非
3䨽䨾𩇫
4䨿靟
7䩀靠
11靡
12䩁
18𩈂
"^^ . . . "208"^^ . "208"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0言訁
2訂訃訄訅訆訇計䚮䚯䚰
3訊訋訌訍討訏訉訐訑訒訓訔訕訖託記訙䚱䚲𧥧
4䚾訛訜訝訞訟訪訫訬設訮訯訠訡訢訣訤訥訦訧訨訩訰許訲訳䚳䚴䚵䚶䚷䚸䚹䚺䚻䚼䚽䚾䚿䛀䛁䛂䛃𧥺𧦔𧦕𧦖
5䛇診註証訽訾訿詊詋詌詍詎詏詚詛詜詝詞訴訵訶訷訸訹詀詁詂詃詄詅詆詇詈詉詐詑詒詓詔評詖詗詘詙詠䛄䛅䛆䛈䛉䛊䛋䛌䛍䛎䛏䛐䛑䛒䛓𧦠𧦴𧦿𧧀𧦝
6詪詫詬詭詮詯詺詻詼詽詾詿誊詡詢詣詤詥試詧詨詩詰話該詳詴詵詶詷詸詹誀誁誂誃誄誅誆誇誈誠鿁䛔䛕䛖䛗䛘䛙䛚䛛䛜𧧐𧧝𧧯
7誋誌認誎誏誚誛誜誝語誟誐誑誒誓誔誖誗誘誙誡誢誣誤誥誦誧誨誩說誫説読誮𧨊𧨎䛝䛞䛟䛠䛡䛢䛣䛤䛥䛦䛧䛨𧧽
8誯誰誱課誳誴誵誶誷誸誹誺誻誼誽誾調諀諁諂諃諄諅諆談諈諉諊請諌諍諎諏諐諑諒諓諔諕論諗諘諙諚諸誕諩𧨾𧩓𧩙䛩䛪䛫䛬䛭䛮䛯䛰䛱諛䛲䛳䛴䛵䛶䛷䛸諒論調請
9諭諜諝諞諟諠諡諢諣諤諥諦諧諨諪諫諬諮諯諰諱諲諳諴諵諶諷諹諺諻諼諽諾諿謀謁謂謃謔𧩹𧪄䛹䛺䛻䛼䛽
10謊謋謌謍謎謏謚講謜謝謞謟謄謅謆謇謈謉謐謑謒謓謕謖謗謘謙謠謡謢𧪽𧪾䛾䛿䜀䜁䜂
11謪謫謬謭謮謯謺謻謼謽謾謣謤謥謦謧謨謩謰謱謲謳謴謵謶謷謸謹𧫚𧫦𧫴𧫼䜊䜃䜄䜅䜆䜇䜈䜉
12謿譊譋譌譎譏譚譛譜譀譁譂譃譄譅譆譇譈證譐譑譒譓譔譕譖譗識譙𧬋𧬆𧬘䜋䜌(龻)䜍䜎䜏䜐䜑識
13譍譝譞譟譪譫譬譭譮譯譠譡譢譣譤譥警譧譨譩議譱譲譴𧬺𧬸𧬹䜒䜓䜔䜕䜖䜗䜘
14譺譻譼譽譳譴譵譶護譸譹𧭈䜚䜛䜜䜝䜞䜙
15譾譿讀讁讂讃讄讅𧭥䜟䜠䜡
16變讋讌讍讏讇讈讉䜢讐讎
17讑讒讓讔讕讖
18讗讘讙
19讚讛
20讜讝讞𧮞
22讟
"^^ . . . "187"^^ . "187"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0广
2庀庁庂広
3庄庅庆𢇡𢇢㡯㡰㡱
4床庋庌庍庎序庇庈庉庐庑庒庘𢇱㡲㡳
5庚庛府庝庞废底庖店庙㡺㡻㡴㡵㡶㡷㡸㡹
6㡼庠庡庢庣庤庥度㡼㡽㡾㡿㢀㢁㢂𢈈𢈖𢈘度
7座庨庩庪庫庬庭庮庯㢃㢄㢅㢆㢇𢈱
8庰庳庶庰庱庲庳庴庵庶康庸庹庺庻㢊㢋㢌㢈㢉
9廊廄庽庾庿廀廁廂廃㢍㢎㢏𢉽𢉾㢐
10廅廆廇廈廉廋廌䧹𢉼𢊍㢑𢊑
11廍廎廏廐廑廒廓廔廕廖廗廘𢊫㢒㢓㢔㢕廒
12廙廚廛廜廝廞廟廠廡廢廣廤㢖㢗㢘
13廥廦廧廨廩廪㢚㢛㢜㢙
14𢋠
15廫𢋬
16廬廭龐𢋴㢝廬
17廮廯廰㢞
18廱
19廲𢌊𢌌
20𢌎
22廳
"^^ . . . "163"^^ . "163"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0革
2靪
3䩐䩑䩒靫靬靭靮靯靰靱
4䩓䩔䩕䩖䩗䩘靲靳靴靵靶靷靸靹
5䩚䩛䩜䩝䩞䩙靺靻靼靽靾靿鞀鞁鞂鞃鞄鞅鞆𩊅
6䩟𩊠鞊鞋鞌鞍鞎鞏鞇鞈鞉鞐
7䩠䩡䩢䩣䩤䩥䩦䩧𩊱𩊽𩊾鞓鞔鞕鞖鞗鞘鞙
8䩮䩪䩫䩬䩭䩮䩨䩩鞠鞡鞚鞛鞜鞝鞞鞟
9䩯䩰䩱䩲䩳䩴䩵鞢鞣鞤鞥鞦鞧鞨鞩鞪鞫鞬鞭鞮鞯鞰𩋡𩋯𩌂
10䩶䩺䩻䩶䩷䩸䩹鞱鞲鞳鞴鞵鞶鞷𩌈
11䩼䩽䩾鞸鞹鞺鞻
12䩿䪀䪁䪂䪃䪄鞼鞽鞾鞿
13䪅䪆韀韁韂韃𩍜𩍓𩍢𩍣
14䪇䪈韄韅
15䪉韆韇韈
16䪊䪋
17䪌䪍韉
18䪎
21韊
"^^ . . . "187"^^ . "187"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0冂⺆
2𠔿冃冄内円冇冈
3冊冋册冉𠕄𠕇
4再冎
5冏
6㒺冐
7冑冒
8冓冔
9冕㒻㒼
10㒽最
11㒾
20㒿
"^^ . . . "206"^^ . "206"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0田甲申由甴电
1甶
2㽕㽖㽗𤰖町甼男甸甹
3畄甾画畀畁甽甿畂畃
4㽚㽘㽙畊畋界畍畎畏畆畇畈畉畐畑畒畓
5㽛㽜畚畛畜畝畞畟畔畕畖畗畘留
6㽝㽞畡畢畣畤畦畧略畩異
7㽟㽠𤲌𤲂番畫畬畭畮畯畲畳
8㽡㽢㽣㽤𤲞𤲟畺畵當畷畸畹
9㽥畻畼畽畱
10㽦㽧㽨𤲼𤳄𤳆𤳇畾畿
11㽩𤳉疀疁疂
12㽪𤳙𤳢疃疄
13㽫㽬𤳧𤳨疅
14㽭𤳰疆疇
15㽮𤳱𤳷𤳸疈
16𤳽
17疊疉
18㽯
20𤴆
25𤴏
"^^ . . . "203"^^ . "203"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0厂𠂆
2厃厄厅历
3厇厈厉
4厊压厌㕂㕃㕄
5𠂰厎厏㕅㕆㕇厐厑
6𠩐𠩕㕈㕉厒厓厔
7𠩤㕊厚厛厖厗厘厙
8𠩯㕋㕌㕍厜厝厞原虒
9𠩺厠厡厢厣厩
10𠪊厤厥厦厧厨㕎
11厪厫㕏
12厬厭厮厯厰㕐㕑
13𠪴𠪸厱厲㕒
15厳㕓
16𠫂𠫅𠫆
17厴
21𠫍
22𠫏㕔
28厵
"^^ . . . "199"^^ . "199"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0𠤎匕
2㔫化
3北龙
6㔬𠤖
9㔭匘匙
10𠤣
12𠤧
15𠤩
"^^ . . . "201"^^ . "201"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0卜⺊
2卝卞
3卟占卡卢
5卣卤
6𠧧㔽卥卦卧
9卨
"^^ . . . "188"^^ . "188"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0金釒
1釓釔
2釕釖釗釘釙釚釛釜針釞釟釠釡釢䤛
3釣釤釥釦釧釨釩釪釫釬釭釮釯釰釱釲釳釴釵釶釷釸釹釺釻釼䤜𨥆𨥈𨥉
4欽釽釾䤝䤞䤟鈊鈋鈌鈍鈎鈏鈚鈛鈜鈝鈞鈟鈪鈫鈬䤠鈀鈁鈂鈃鈄鈅鈆鈇鈈鈉鈐鈑鈒鈓鈔鈕鈖鈗鈘鈙鈠鈡鈢鈣鈤鈥鈦鈧鈨鈩𨥖𨥤釿𨥙
5鈸龯鈭鈮鈯鈺鈻鈼鈽鈾鈿鉊鉋鉌鉍鉎鉏鉚鉛鉜鉝鉞鉟鉪鉫鉬鉭鉮鉯銏𨥫𨥬𨥭𨥾𨥿䤡䤢䤣鈰鈱鈲鈳鈴鈵鈶鈷鈸鈹鉀鉁鉂鉃鉄鉅鉆鉇鉈鉉鉐鉑鉒鉓鉔鉕鉖鉗鉘鉙鉠鉡鉢鉣鉤鉥鉦鉧鉨鉩鉰鉱鉲鉳𨥨𨦀𨦁
6銠銡銢銣銤銥銦銧銨銩銪銫銬銭銯銰銱𨦥𨦦𨦧𨦨𨦩𨦪𨦫䤪鉺鉻鉽鉾鉿銊銋銌銍銎銚銛銜銝銞銟䤤䤥䤦䤧䤨䤩鉵鉶鉷鉸鉹銮銀銁銂銃銄銅銆銇銈銉銐銑銒銓銔銕銖銗銘銙𨦇𨦈𨦉𨦙𨦡鋶
7鋗鋘銲銳銴銵銶銷銸銹銺銻銼銽銾銿鋀鋁鋂鋃鋄鋅鋆鋇鋈鋉鋊鋌鋍鋎鋏鋐鋑鋒鋓鋔鋕鋖鋙鋚鋛鋜鋝鋞鋟鋠鋡鋢鋣鋤鋥鋦鋧鋨鋩鋪鋫鋬鋭鋮鋯鋰鋱鋲鋳鋴鋵鋶𨦭𨦸𨦺𨦻𨦼𨦽𨧀𨧆𨧜𨧝𨧞𨧟𨧠𨧡𨧢𨧣𨧤䤫䤬䤭䤮䤯䤰䤱䤲﨧
8鉼龬𨨏𨨞𨨪𨨫𨨅𨨖𨨠𨨤𨨥𨨦𨨧𨨨𨨩鋷鋸鋹鋺鋻鋼鋽鋾鋿𨧧𨧨𨧹𨧺𨧻𨧼鉼錊錋錌錍錎錏錚錛錜錝錞錟錪錫錬錭錮錯錺錻錼錽錿䤳䤴䤵䤶錀錁錂錃錄録錅錆錇錈錉錐錑錒錓錔錕錖錗錘錙錠錡錢錣錤錥錦錧錩錰錱錳錴錵錶錷錸錹鍀鍁鍂鍃鍄鍅鍆鍺﨨鋋
9𨩊𨩋𨩚𨨲𨨶𨩃𨩄𨩅𨩆𨩇𨩈𨩉𨩖𨩙𨩠𨩱𨩲𨪀𨪁𨪂𨪃䤺䤻䤼鍊鍋鍌鍍鍎鍏鍚鍛鍜鍝鍞鍟鍪鍫鍬鍭鍮鍯鍻鍼鍽鍾鍿䤷䤸䤹錨鍇鍉鍐鍑鍒鍓鍔鍕鍖鍗鍘鍙鍠鍡鍢鍣鍤鍥鍦鍧鍨鍩鍰鍱鍲鍳鍴鍵鍶鍷鍸鍹鎀鎁鎂鎃鎄鎅鎆鎇鍈鎡鍊𩗩
10龲𨪚𨪛𨪜𨪝𨪞𨪙𨫀𨫄𨫅𨫆𨫇𨫈𨫉𨫊𨫋𨫌𨫍𨫎鎠鎢鎣鎤鎥鎦鎧鎨鎪鎫鎬鎭鎮鎯鎰鎱鎲鎳鎴鎵鎶鎷鎸鎹鎺鎻鎼鎽鎾鎿䤽䤾䤿鎊鎋鎌鎍鎎鎏鎚鎛鎜鎝鎞鎟䥀䥁䥂䥃䥄䥅䥆䥇鎈鎉鎐鎑鎒鎓鎔鎕鎖鎗鎘鎙
11𨫝𨫞𨫟𨫠𨫡𨫢𨫣𨫤𨫥𨫪𨫵𨫼𨬊𨬋𨬌𨬈𨬉鎩鏀鏁鏂鏃鏄鏅鏆鏇鏈鏉鏊鏋鏌鏍鏎鏏鏐鏑鏒鏓鏔鏕鏖鏗鏘鏙鏚鏛鏜鏝鏞鏟鏠鏡鏢鏣鏤鏥鏦鏧鏨鏩鏪鏫鏬鏭鏮鏯鏰鏱鏲鏹䥊䥋䥌䥍䥎䥏䥈䥉䥐䥑䥒䥓
12鐕𨬫𨬬𨬭𨬯𨭌𨭍𨭎𨭏𨬓𨬡𨬢𨭆𨭉𨭐𨭑𨭒鏳鏵鏶鏷鏸鏺鏻鏼鏽鏾鏿䥚䥛䥜鐊鐋鐌鐍鐎鐏鐚鐛鐜鐝鐞鐟䥔䥕䥖䥗䥘䥙鐀鐁鐂鐃鐄鐅鐆鐇鐈鐉鐐鐑鐒鐓鐔鐕鐖鐗鐘鐙鐠鐡鐢鐣鐤鐥鐦鐧鐨
13𨭝𨭬𨭺𨮊𨮋𨮌𨮍𨮎𨮏𨭡𨭣𨭤𨭥𨭦𨮇𨮈𨮉𨮐𨮑鏴䥝䥞䥟鐪鐫鐬鐭鐮鐯鐺鐻鐼鐽鐾鐿䥠䥡䥢䥣䥤䥥䥦鐩鐰鐱鐲鐳鐴鐵鐶鐷鐸鐹鑀鑁
14𨮜𨮝𨮒𨮙𨮵𨮶䥪䥫䥬䥭䥮鑊鑋鑌鑍鑎鑏䥧䥨䥩鑂鑃鑄鑅鑆鑇鑈鑉鑐鑑鑒鑓鑔鑧
15𨮹𨮻𨯁𨯂𨯃𨯅𨯔𨯗𨯘𨯙𨯚𨯛䥯鑚鑛鑜鑝鑞鑟䥰䥱䥲䥳䥴鑕鑖鑗鑘鑙鑠鑡鑢鑣鑤鑥鑦
16𨯧𨯨𨯩𨯪𨯫𨯬𨯯𨯵𨯷𨯸𨯹鑪鑫鑬䥵䥶䥷鑨鑩
17𨯿𨰃𨰇𨰈鑭鑮鑯䥸鑰鑱鑲鑳
18𨰜𨰝𨰉鑺鑴鑵鑶鑷鑸鑹
19𨰣𨰦𨰧鑻鑼鑽鑾鑿
20𨰪𨰫𨰰钀钁钂
21𨰲𨰴䥹钃钄
22𨰹
23𨰺
24𨰻
"^^ . . . "203"^^ . "203"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0士
1壬
2壭
3壮
4壯声壱売
5垂壳
6壴壵
7壶
8壷壸
9壹壺壻㚃
10壼
11壽壾
12壿㚄夀
13𡔿夁
"^^ . . . "173"^^ . "173"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0支
2攰
4㩺𢺹𢺺
5攱
6㩻㩼
7㩽
8㩾攲
12攳
"^^ . . . "204"^^ . "204"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0頁页
2頂頃頄
3䪲䪱順須項頇
4頋䪳䪴䪵頊頋頌頍頎頏頊頑顧頓預頒頓頏頉
5䪶䪷䪸䪹䪺䪻䪼䪽䪾頚頔頕頖頗領𩑰頙
6頩䪿䫀䫁䫂頛頜頝頞頟頪頫頰頲頜潁熲頦頠頡頢頣頦頧頨頩𩒐
7頵䫃䫄䫅䫆䫇䫈䫉䫊𩒱𩓐𩓙𩓚𩓛𩓜頭頮頯頺頻頼頽頤頥頰頱頲頳頴頵頶頷頸頹頤頻頮頴穎
8䫋䫌䫍䫎䫏䫐䫑䫒䫓𩓥𩓧𩓪頿顊顀顁顂顃顄顅顆顇顈顉顆
9䫔䫕䫖䫗䫘䫙䫚䫛䫜䫝頾顋題額顎顏顔顐顑顒顓顒
10䫞䫟䫠䫡䫢䫣䫤䫥䫦䫧顚顛顜顝類顳顢顖顗願顙
11䫨䫩䫪䫫顟顠顡顢顣𩕆
12䫬䫭䫮䫯䫰䫱顥纇顤顦顧顨
13䫲䫳䫴顪顫顩
14顬顭顮顯𩕳
15䫵䫶顰𩖅
16䫷顱顲
18顳顴
"^^ . . . "177"^^ . "177"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0欠
2次欢
3㰝㰞
4㰟㰠㰡㰢欣欥欦
5㰣㰤㰥㰦㰧㰨欪欨欩
6㰪㰫㰬㰭㰩欫欬欭欮欯欰欱𣢹
7㰮㰯㰰㰱欲欳欴欵欶欷欸
8㰲㰳㰴㰵㰶㰸欺欻欼欽款欿欹
9㰺㰻㰼㰽㰾㰹歀歁歂歃歄歅歆歇歈
10㰿㱀㱁歊歋歌歍歉
11㱂㱃歎歏歐歑歒歓
12歔㱄㱅歚歔歕歖歗歘歙
13㱆㱇㱈㱉歛歜歝
14歞歟
15㱊歠
16㱋
17㱌歡
19㱍
21㱎
"^^ . . . "201"^^ . "201"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0文
2齐
3㪯斈
4斉𣁄
6㪰斊斋
7斍斎斏
8斌斐斑𣁔
9㪱𩖰斒
14𣁦
15斔
17斕
19斖
"^^ . . . "206"^^ . "206"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0門门
1閁閂
2𨳊𨳍閃閄閅
3𨳒䦌䦍閊閆閇閈閉
4開𨳝𨳦𨳱閏闈閒閎間閔閌悶䦎䦏閌閍䦐䦑閐閑閕閖閗
5閠閚閛閜閝閞閟䦒䦓䦔閘閙
6䦕閡関閣閤閥閦閧閨閩閪閨聞闥閩闓䦚䦛䦕䦖䦗䦘䦙
7𨴴閫閬閭閮閯閰閱閲閳閴䦜䦝䦞䦟
8𨵣䦠䦡䦢䦣䦤䦥䦦䦧䦨閵閶閸閹閺閻閼閽閾閿闀闁闂闍
9閷𨵱䦩䦪䦫䦬䦭䦮䦯閷闃闄闅闆闇闈闉闊闋闌闎闏闠
10𨶛𨶑𨶙闐闑闒闓闔闕闖闗闘
11䦰闙闚闛關闝
12𨶳𨶶𨶹䦱闞闟闠闡
13𨷈𨷑䦲䦳䦴闢闣闤闥闦
14䦵闧
17𨷯𨷶
19𨷻
"^^ . . . "189"^^ . "189"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0玄
4玅
5玆
6率玈
"^^ . . . "202"^^ . "202"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0舟
1𦨇
2䑠舠
3𦨑䑡䑢䑣舡舢舤
4𦨜𦨞航舫般舭舮舯䑤䑥舥舦舧舨舩
5𦨭𦨮𦨢舺舻䑦䑧䑨䑩舲舳舴舵舶舷舸船
6䑫𦨻𦨴䑪䑫䑬䑭䑮舼舽舾舿
7𦩂䑯䑰艀艁艂艃艄艅艆艇艈艉
8𦩚𦩛𦩑𦩒𦩘艊艋艌艍䑱䑲䑳䑴䑵䑶䑷䑸
9𦩰𦩳䑺䑻艎艏䑹艐艑艒艓艔
10𦪂𦪃䑼䑽䑾艕艖艗艘艙
11𦪌𦪏𦪈𦪐䑿艚艛艜艝䒀䒁䒂䒃䒄䒅
12𦪦艞艟䒆䒇䒈艠
13𦪨艡艢艣艤艥
14𦪵䒉艦艧艨艩
15𦪷𦪻𦪼艪
16艫
17艬
18艭
"^^ . . . "202"^^ . "202"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0谷
2䜪
3谸䜫
4谺谻谹
5𧮳䜬䜭
6谼
7谽䜮
8谾𧮾䜯
9𧯄𧯅
10谿豀豁𧯇䜰
11豂䜱
12豃
15豄䜲
16豅
"^^ . . . "206"^^ . "206"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0用甩
1甪
2甫甬
4甮甭
7𤰉甯
"^^ . . . "204"^^ . "204"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0豆
1䜳
3豇 豈
4豉 䜴
5䜵
6豊 豋 䜶
7䜷 䜸 䜹
8豌豍豎𧯯𧯴𧯵𧯶䜺
9䜼 䜻 䜽 䜾 䜿
10豏 䝀 䝂 䝁
11豐
13豑 𧰒
14䝃 𧰗
15𧰜
18豒 䝄
20豓
21豔
"^^ . . . "188"^^ . "188"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0色
3䒊
4艳
5𦫘䒋艴
8艵
10䒌䒍
12䒎䒏
13艶
16䒐
18艷
"^^ . . . "192"^^ . "192"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0舌⾆
2舍舎舏
4䑚䑙舐
5䑛舑
6𦧘𦧜舒
7𦧝
8舓舔舕
9䑜舖舗
10舘
11𦧲
12舙
13𦧷舚
16𦧺
20𦧽
"^^ . . . "204"^^ . "204"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0黑黒
1䵝
2䵞
3𪐢䵟䵠黓墨
4䵡䵤黔黕黖黗默黙
5𪐾𪐴𪐷䵢䵣黚黛黜黝點
6䵥䵦䵧黟黠黡
7𪑑䵨䵩黢黣
8𪑛䵪䵫䵬黤黥黦黧黨
9䵭䵮䵯黫黬黭黮黯
10黰黱
11𪒗䵰黲黳黴
12䵱
13𪒬𪒳䵲䵳䵴黵
14𪒷䵵黶
15𪒽黷
16黸
20𪓇𪓈
"^^ . . . "202"^^ . "202"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0麥麦
2𪋿
3䴬䴭䴮麧
4䴯䴰麨麩麪麫
5䴱䴲䴳䴴麬麭麮
6䴵麯麰
7䴶䴷䴸麱麲
8䴺䴻䴼䴽䴹麳麴
9𪍑麵麺
10䴾䴿䵀
11䵁䵂䵅麶
12䵃
13䵄
14䵆
15𪍿
18麷
"^^ . . . "202"^^ . "202"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0豸
3豺豻豹
4豼豽𧲫䝖䝗䝘
5豾豿貀貁貂貃𧲱𧲸𧲼䝚䝛
6貊貄貅貆貇貈貉𧳅𧳇
7貋貌貍𧳘䝜
8貎貏䝝䝞
9貐貑貒貓䝟
10貔貕貖䝠
11貗貘貙𧴋䝡䝢
12貚䝣䝤䝥䝦
18貛
20貜
"^^ . . . "161"^^ . "161"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0韭
4韮䪞
6韯䪟
7韰
8韱
10韲䪢
11䪣
12䪥䪤
"^^ . . . "206"^^ . "206"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0龍龙
2龎
3龏𪚑𪚒𪚓𪚔
4龑𪚚𪚕𪚘𪚖𪚗𪚛
5龒𪚙
6䶬龔龓龕𪚜𪚝𪚞𪚟
7𪚠𪚡
9𪚢
11𪚤𪚣
16龖
17龗
32龘
48𪚥𪚥
"^^ . . . "192"^^ . "192"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0鬥
4鬦
5鬧
6鬨
8鬩
10鬪䰗
11䰘𩰘
12闞
14鬭鬬
16鬮
"^^ . . . "165"^^ . "165"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0面靣
4䩂䩃
5䩅䩆䩇靤𩈘
7䩈䩉𩈪靦𩈩
8䩊
11䩋
12䩌䩍靧
13䩎
14靨
15䩏
"^^ . . . "337"^^ . "337"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0水 氵
1氶氷永氹氺
2氻氼氽氾氿汀汁求汃汄汅汆汇汈汉
3汊汋汌汍汎汏汐汑汒汓汔汕汖汗汘汙汚汛汜汝汞江池污汢汣汤
4汥汦汧汨汩汪汫汬汭汮汯汰汱汲汳汴汵汶汷汸汹決汻汼汽汾汿沀沁沂沃沄沅沆沇沈沉沊沋沌沍沎沏沐沑沒沓沔沕沖沗沘沙沚沛沜沝沞沟沠没沢沣沤沥沦沧沨沩沪
5沫沬沭沮沯沰沱沲河沴沵沶沷沸油沺治沼沽沾沿泀況泂泃泄泅泆泇泈泉泊泋泌泍泎泏泐泑泒泓泔法泖泗泘泙泚泛泜泝泞泟泠泡波泣泤泥泦泧注泩泪泫泬泭泮泯泰泱泲泳泴泵泶泷泸泹泺泻泼泽泾
6泿洀洁洂洃洄洅洆洇洈洉洊洋洌洍洎洏洐洑洒洓洔洕洖洗洘洙洚洛洜洝洞洟洠洡洢洣洤津洦洧洨洩洪洫洬洭洮洯洰洱洲洳洴洵洶洷洸洹洺活洼洽派洿浀流浂浃浄浅浆浇浈浉浊测浌浍济浏浐浑浒浓浔浕
7浖浗浘浙浚浛浜浝浞浟浠浡浢浣浤浥浦浧浨浩浪浫浬浭浮浯浰浱浲浳浴浵浶海浸浹浺浻浼浽浾浿涀涁涂涃涄涅涆涇消涉涊涋涌涍涎涏涐涑涒涓涔涕涖涗涘涙涚涛涜涝涞涟涠涡涢涣涤涥润涧涨涩渉
8涪涫涬涭涮涯涰涱液涳涴涵涶涷涸涹涺涻涼涽涾涿淀淁淂淃淄淅淆淇淈淉淊淋淌淍淎淏淐淑淒淓淔淕淖淗淘淙淚淛淜淝淞淟淠淡淢淣淤淥淦淧淨淩淪淫淬淭淮淯淰深淲淳淴淶混淸淹淺添淼淽淾淿渀渁渂渃渄清渆渇済渊渋渌渍渎渏渐渑渒渓渔渕渖渗渚
9渘渙減渜渝渞渟渠渡渢渣渤渥渦渧渨温渪渫測渭渮港渰渱渲渳渴渵渶渷游渹渺渻渼渽渾渿湀湁湂湃湄湅湆湇湈湉湊湋湌湍湎湏湐湑湒湓湔湕湖湗湘湙湚湛湜湝湞湟湠湡湢湣湤湥湦湧湨湩湪湫湬湭湮湯湰湱湲湳湴湵湶湷湸湹湺湻湼湽湾湿満溁溂溃溄溅溆溇溈溉溊溋溌
10淵溍溎溏源溑溒溓溔溕準溗溘溙溚溛溜溝溞溟溠溡溢溣溤溥溦溧溨溩溪溫溬溭溮溯溰溱溲溳溴溵溶溷溸溹溺溻溼溽溾溿滀滁滂滃滄滅滆滇滈滉滊滋滍滎滏滐滑滒滓滔滕滖滗滘滙滚滛滜滝滞滟滠满滢滣滤滥滦滧滨滩滪漣
11滌滫滬滭滮滯滰滱滲滳滴滵滶滷滸滹滺滻滼滽滾滿漀漁漂漃漄漅漆漇漈漉漊漋漌漍漎漏漐漑漒漓演漕漖漗漘漙漚漛漜漝漞漟漠漡漢漤漥漦漧漨漩漪漫漬漭漮漯漰漱漲漳漴漵漶漷漸漹漺漻漼漽漾漿潀潁潂潃潄潅潆潇潈潉潊潋潌潍
12潎潏潐潑潒潓潔潕潖潗潘潙潚潛潜潝潞潟潠潡潢潣潤潥潦潧潨潩潪潫潬潭潮潯潰潱潲潳潴潵潶潷潸潹潺潻潼潽潾潿澀澁澂澃澄澅澆澇澈澉澊澋澌澍澎澏澐澑澒澓澔澕澖澗澘澚澛澜澝濐㵘
13澙澞澟澠澡澢澣澤澥澦澧澨澩澪澫澬澭澮澯澰澱澲澳澴澵澶澷澸澹澺澻澼澽澾澿激濁濂濃濄濅濆濇濈濉濊濋濌濍濎濏濑濒濓
14濔濕濖濗濘濙濚濛濜濝濞濟濠濡濢濣濤濥濦濧濨濩濪濫濬濭濮濯濰濱濲濴濵濶濷濸瀞
15濹濺濻濼濽濾濿瀀瀁瀂瀃瀄瀅瀆瀇瀈瀉瀊瀋瀌瀍瀎瀏瀐瀑瀒瀓瀔瀦
16濳瀕瀖瀗瀘瀙瀚瀛瀜瀝瀟瀠瀡瀢瀣瀤瀥瀧瀨瀩瀪瀫瀬瀭瀮
17瀯瀰瀱瀲瀳瀴瀵瀶瀷瀸瀹瀺瀻瀼瀽瀾瀿灀灁
18灂灃灄灅灆灇灈灉灊灋灌灍
19灎灏灐灑灒灓灔灕灖灗灘
20灙灚灛灜
21灝灞灟灠灡
22灢灣
23灤灥灦灩
24灧灨
26灪
"^^ . . . "204"^^ . "204"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0鼎
2鼏鼐鼑
3鼒䵺𪔆
11䵻䵼
"^^ . . . "201"^^ . "201"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0子孑孓孒
1孔
2孕
3孖字存孙㜽𡥄
4孚孛孜孝孞㜾㜿𡥌
5孟孠孡孢季孤孥学孧𡥚㝀𡥘𡥙
6孨孩㝁𡥤𡥥孪
7孫孬孭𡥪㝂㝃
8孮孯孰孲𡥴𡥵
9孱𡥼㝄𡦀𡦂
10孳孴㝅𡦃𡦅𡦈
11孵孶孷𢆡𡦖
12㝆
13學孹𡦧㝇
14孺孻
15𡦫
16孼𡦮
17孽孾𡦶
19孿
22㝈
"^^ . . . "356"^^ . "356"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 九案十三堂\n
案堂
太平山案太平山堂
山仔里陰陽專案堂
雙浦頭協心堂
浦東案浦東境大堂
黎光堂
福興堂
齊心堂
浦西案浦西境大堂保壽堂
保心堂
柏福堂
義州社百壽堂
洋炳案洋炳同心堂
河上案河上救生堂
下河上大堂金蘭堂
芝蘭堂
教場阪案教場阪大堂
西營案西營里長生堂
西洋堂西洋積善堂
斗池案涵頭大堂
斗池社
"^^ . . . "202"^^ . "202"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0龠
4䶳 龡 𪛊
5龢
8䶴 龣 𪛋 𪛌 𪛍
9龤 龥 𪛎 𪛏 𪛐 𪛑
10䶵 𪛒
11𪛓
14𪛔
16𪛕
20𪛖
"^^ . . . "192"^^ . "192"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0鼠
3䶂
4䶃鼤鼢鼣
5䶄鼪鼫鼬鼥鼦鼧鼨鼩
6䶅鼭
7鼯鼰鼮
8䶆鼱
9䶇鼲鼳鼴鼵
10䶈䶉鼶鼷鼸鼹
15鼺
"^^ . . . "286"^^ . "286"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0邑 阝
2邓
3邔 邕 邖 邗 邘 邙 邚 邛 邜 邝
4邞 邟 邠 邡 邢 那 邤 邥 邦 邧 邨 邩 邪 邫 邬
5邭 邮 邯 邰 邱 邲 邳 邴 邵 邶 邷 邸 邹 邺 邻
6邼 邽 邾 邿 郀 郁 郂 郃 郄 郅 郆 郇 郈 郉 郊 郋 郌 郍 郎 郏 郐 郑 郓
7郒 郔 郕 郖 郗 郘 郙 郚 郛 郜 郝 郞 郟 郠 郡 郢 郣 郤 郥 郦 郧
8部 郩 郪 郫 郬 郭 郮 郯 郰 郱 郲 郳 郴 郵 郶 郷 郸 郹 郺 郻 郼 都
9郾 郿 鄀 鄁 鄂 鄃 鄄 鄅 鄆 鄇 鄈 鄉 鄊
10鄋 鄌 鄍 鄎 鄏 鄐 鄑 鄒 鄓 鄔 鄕 鄖 鄗
11鄘 鄙 鄚 鄛 鄜 鄝 鄞 鄟 鄠 鄡 鄢 鄣 鄤 鄥
12鄦 鄧 鄨 鄩 鄪 鄫 鄬 鄭 鄮 鄯 鄰 鄱 鄲
13鄳 鄴 鄵 鄶 鄷
14鄸 鄹
15鄺 鄻 鄼 鄽 鄾
16鄿 酀 酂
17酁 酃
18酄 酅 酆
19酇 酈
"^^ . . . "188"^^ . "188"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0身
2𨈒
3躬
4躭躮𨈚𨈘
5躰𨈪䠲䠳䠴䠵䠶
6躱躲䠺䠷䠸䠹
7躳躴躵𨉑𨉓
8躶躷躸躹躺躻躼䠻𨉞𨉟𨉖𨉠
9躽躾䠼
10躿䠽䠾𨉷
11軀軁𨉼
12軂軃軄軅䠿𨊋𨊌𨊂
13軆䡀
14軇
16𨊛䡁
17軈
20軉
"^^ . . . "204"^^ . "204"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0黃黄
4䵊黅黆
5黇黈黉
6䵋黊黋
7䵌
8䵍
9䵎
11䵏
12䵐
13黌
"^^ . . . "203"^^ . "203"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0爻
4㸚
5爼
7爽
10爾
"^^ . . . "91"^^ . "91"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
屆年位處
31993福州
112009廈門
162019福州
"^^ . . . "150"^^ . "150"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
GáiNièngÔi-ché̤ṳ
31993Hók-ciŭ
112009Â-muòng
162019Hók-ciŭ
"^^ . . . "176"^^ . "176"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0耒
2耓
3䎢耔
4耕耖耗耘耙
5䎣耚耛耜耝耞耟
6耠
7䎤䎥耡耢
8䎦䎧䎨䎩䎪𦓿耣耤耥
9䎫耦耧
10耪耨耩𦔒䎬
11䎭䎮䎯耫耬𦔙
12䎰耭耮
14耯
15䎱耰
16耱耲
"^^ . . . "174"^^ . "174"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Gă gūi hĕkHáng-cê
0疋𤴓𤴔
3疌
5疍
6疏
7疎
8㽰
9疐疑
"^^ . . . "870"^^ . "870"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 《世界末日》匈牙利語歌詞共\n 平話翻譯\n
Ôsz van és peregnek a sárgult levelek

Meghalt a földön az emberi szeretet
Bánatos könnyekkel zokog az öszi szél
Szívem már új tavaszt nem vár és nem remél
Hiába sírok és hiába szenvedek
Szívtelen rosszak és kapzsik az emberek...

秋天遘了，箬箬卜逿下

世界懸頂其愛情都死去

風𡅏流落野苦惻其目滓

我其心伓再希望蜀隻新其春天

我其目滓共我其悲傷都無乇使

儂都野無心，都野貪心……

Meghalt a szeretet!愛都死去了！
Vége a világnak, vége a reménynek

Városok pusztulnak, srapnelek zenélnek
Emberek vérétôl piros a tarka rét
Halottak fekszenek az úton szerteszét
Még egyszer elmondom csendben az imámat:
Uram, az emberek gyarlók és hibáznak...

世界此刻煞臺，希望都無乇使

城市乞杼起去，銃籽着𡅏唱歌

草都乞血染紅

街中到處死儂

我會着心𡅏再禱告蜀回：

上帝，儂都是罪儂，都會犯事……

Vége a világnak!世界煞去了！
"^^ . . . "952"^^ . "952"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 《苦惻其禮拜日》耶越·剌素羅版匈牙利語歌詞共英語翻譯\n

Szomorú vasárnap száz fehér virággal
Vártalak kedvesem templomi imával
Álmokat kergető vasárnap délelőtt
Bánatom hintaja nélküled visszajött
Azóta szomorú mindig a vasárnap
Könny csak az italom kenyerem a bánat...

Gloomy Sunday with a hundred white flowers
I was waiting for you my dearest with a prayer
A Sunday morning, chasing after my dreams
The carriage of my sorrow returned to me without you
It is since then that my Sundays have been forever sad
Tears my only drink, the sorrow my bread...

Szomorú vasárnapGloomy Sunday
Utolsó vasárnap kedvesem gyere el

Pap is lesz, koporsó, ravatal, gyászlepel
Akkor is virág vár, virág és - koporsó
Virágos fák alatt utam az utolsó
Nyitva lesz szemem hogy még egyszer lássalak
Ne félj a szememtől holtan is áldalak...

This last Sunday, my darling please come to me
There'll be a priest, a coffin, a catafalque and a winding-sheet
There'll be flowers for you, flowers and a coffin
Under the blossoming trees it will be my last journey
My eyes will be open, so that I could see you for a last time
Don't be afraid of my eyes, I'm blessing you even in my death...
Utolsó vasárnapThe last Sunday
"^^ . . . "1016"^^ . "1016"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n 《苦惻其禮拜日》山姆·M. 路易版英語歌詞共平話翻譯\n
Sunday is gloomy, my hours are slumberless

Dearest, the shadows I live with are numberless
Little white flowers will never awaken you
Not where the black coach of sorrow has taken you
Angels have no thought of ever returning you
Would they be angry if I thought of joining you
Gloomy Sunday

烏暗其禮拜日，睏都儥着

我活着無數萬千其影影裏勢

嫩嫩其白花吼汝也儥爬起

烏色其靈車已經帶汝行去

天使想都儥想介送汝轉來

我若跟汝齊去，伊儂會儥受氣

烏暗其禮拜日

Gloomy Sunday, with shadows I spend it all

My heart and I have decided to end it all
Soon there'll be candles and prayers that are sad, I know
Let them not weep
Let them know that I'm glad to go
Death is no dream
For in death I'm caressing you
With the last breath of my soul I'll be blessing you
Gloomy Sunday

烏暗其禮拜日，共影齊過

我共我其心決定着結束全部

鮮花共禱告野苦惻，我會仈

讓伊儂莫啼嘛

讓伊儂都仈傳，是我自家卜離開

死亡伓是虛夢

藉此我將汝愛撫

靈魂以最後一息爲汝祝福

烏暗其禮拜日

\n
\n

Dreaming, I was only dreaming

\n

I wake and I find you asleep in the deep of my heart, dear!

\n

Darling I hope that my dream never haunted you

\n

My heart is telling you how much I wanted you

\n

Gloomy Sunday

\n
做夢，花𡅏是我𡅏做夢

我清醒去就發現汝故睏着我心𡅏，親愛其儂！

親愛其，我希望我其夢儥纏絆汝

我其心𡅏講汝聽，我有偌夥愛挃汝

苦惻其禮拜日

"^^ . . . "78"^^ . "78"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
閩東語普通話
（中國大陸）		國語
（臺灣）		日本語
平話字漢字表記簡稱表記簡稱表記簡稱
\"\" Azerbaijan--阿塞拜疆亞塞拜然亜塞爾拝然
\"\" Afghanistan--阿富汗阿富汗亜加業坦、亜弗掩坦、亜富汗斯坦、阿富汗斯坦、阿富汗斯、阿富汗、阿芙賀仁須丹、阿加業坦、阿芙賀邇寸丹
\"\" Ā-lá-báik Lièng-hăk Dâi-gŭng-guók阿拉伯聯合大公國阿拉伯联合酋长国阿联酋阿拉伯聯合大公國阿聯阿拉伯首長国連邦
\"\" Armenia--亚美尼亚亞美尼亞亜爾美尼亜、亜爾墨尼亜、亜爾黙尼亜、亜美尼亜、雨仁屋
\"\" Yemen--也门葉門也門
\"\" Ī-sáik-liĕk以色列以色列以以色列以以色列、伊色列、以斯来、伊斯列児、衣斯辣衣耳
\"\" Iraq--伊拉克伊伊拉克伊伊拉克、伊拉久
\"\" Iran--伊朗伊伊朗伊伊朗、伊郎、伊蘭、義蘭
\"\" Éng-dô印度印度印印度印印度、応帝亜、印第亜印
\"\" Éng-nà̤印尼印度尼西亚印尼印度尼西亞印尼印度尼西亜尼
\"\" Uzbekistan--乌兹别克斯坦烏茲別克月即別、月祖伯、烏茲別克斯坦
\"\" Oman--阿曼阿曼阿曼、阿蔓、汪満、甕蛮
\"\" Kazakhstan--哈萨克斯坦哈哈薩克香佐富斯坦、哈薩克斯坦香
\"\" Qatar--卡塔尔卡達華太瑠
\"\" Kampuchea--柬埔寨柬埔寨柬柬埔寨、柬蒲塞、柬埔塞、柬蒲寨、柬坡塞、漢浦塞、漢甫寨、甘陪牙、甘波邪、甘孛智、噉浦只、加保知也、柬浦塞亜
\"\" Kyrgyzstan--吉尔吉斯斯坦吉爾吉斯黠戞斯、吉里吉思
\"\" Kuwait--科威特科威特科威特、科威都、久伊都
\"\" Saudi Ā-lá-báik--阿拉伯沙特阿拉伯沙烏地阿拉伯沙特阿拉伯、沙地亜剌比亜沙
\"\" Gruzia--格鲁吉亚喬治亞具琉耳、喬治亜、草支亜、熱阿而入亜
\"\" Sê̤ṳ-lé-ā叙利亞叙利亚敘利亞叙利亜、叙里亜、西利牙、西里亜、尻屋叙
\"\" Sĭng-gă-pŏ̤新嘉波新加坡新加坡新嘉坡、新嘉波、新加坡、新賀保爾、星嘉波、星加坡、星州坡、星港、昭南支那星
\"\" Sri Lanka--斯里兰卡斯里蘭卡斯里蘭、錫蘭、錫狼、錫崙、西崙、細蘭、獅子国錫
\"\" Tái-guók泰國泰国泰泰國泰泰泰
\"\" Hàng-guók韓國大韩民国、韩国、南朝鲜韩大韓民國、韓國、南韓韓大韓民国、韓国、南朝鮮、南韓、南韓国、南高麗、南コリア、コリア共和国韓、南鮮
\"\" Tajikistan--塔吉克斯坦塔吉克塔吉克斯坦、汰爾奇斯坦塔
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-huà Ìng-mìng Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók, Dṳ̆ng-guók中華人民共和國、中國中华人民共和国、中国、大陆中、陆中華人民共和國、中國、大陸中、陸中華人民共和国、中国、支那、チャイナ中、華、支
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-huà Mìng-guók (Dài-uăng)中華民國 (臺灣)中华民国、台湾当局台中華民國、台灣、臺灣台、臺中華民国、台湾、中華台北、チャイニーズタイペイ台
\"\" Báe̤k Dièu-siēng北朝鮮朝鲜民主主义人民共和国、朝鲜、北朝鲜朝朝鮮民主主義人民共和國、北韓、北朝鮮朝、北韓朝鮮民主主義人民共和国、北朝鮮、コリア民主人民共和国朝、北鮮
\"\" Turkmenistan--土库曼斯坦土庫曼土庫曼斯坦、土耳古斯坦
\"\" Nĭk-buōng日本日本日日本日日本、大和、ヤマト、ヒノモト日
\"\" Nepal--尼泊尔尼泊爾尼波羅、尼泊爾、尼婆羅、泥婆羅、捏巴爾、尼伯爾
\"\" Pakistan--巴基斯坦巴基斯坦巴基斯坦、巴基斯担
\"\" Bahrain--巴林巴林巴林、八哈剌因
\"\" Palestine Guók--巴勒斯坦巴勒斯坦巴勒斯旦、巴勒斯且、巴列斯丁、巴力斯坦、巴利斯底尼、巴勒斯的拿、不利斯底尼、羽礼須多院
\"\" Bangladesh--孟加拉国孟加拉孟加拉、孟加拉国
\"\" Dĕ̤ng Timor東--东帝汶東帝汶東的木児
\"\" Hĭ-lĭ-pĭng菲律賓菲律宾菲菲律賓菲比律賓、比利賓、非立賓、非里比納、比国、比島比、非
\"\" Bhutan--不丹不丹不丹
\"\" Ùng-lài文萊文莱汶萊文莱、文萊、芠萊、婆羅乃
\"\" Uŏk-nàng越南越南越越南越越南越
\"\" Mā-lài-să̤-ā馬來西亞马来西亚马馬來西亞馬馬来西亜、瑪雷西亜馬
\"\" Miēng-diêng緬甸缅甸缅緬甸緬緬甸、尾留満緬
\"\" Maldives--马尔代夫馬爾地夫瑪勒代弗、馬地維斯、馬爾代夫、麻代父
\"\" Mùng-gū蒙古蒙古蒙蒙古蒙蒙古、蒙兀、莫臥児蒙
\"\" Iók-dáng約但约旦約旦約旦、約但、者丹
\"\" Laos--老挝老寮國寮老檛、老撾、羅宇、寮老
\"\" Lé-bă-nâung利巴嫩黎巴嫩黎巴嫩黎巴嫩、列巴濃
"^^ . . . "85"^^ . "85"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
閩東語普通話
（中國大陸）		國語
（臺灣）		日本語
平話字漢字表記簡稱表記簡稱表記簡稱
\"\" Algeria--阿尔及利亚阿爾及利亞阿爾及、亜爾及、阿爾及利亜、阿勒支利亜、亜爾斉阿、阿爾日利、亜爾日爾、亜爾及耳、阿留世里屋
\"\" Angola--安哥拉安哥拉安哥拉、安加拉、安倔羅、諳古拉、諳喀剌、昂疴拉
\"\" Uganda--乌干达烏干達烏干達、烏敢大、烏岡太、宇岸陀
\"\" Ăi-gĭk埃及埃及埃埃及埃埃及、埃及多、阨入多、厄日多、阨日多、阨日布土、厄日度、伊及、衛士府都、黒入多、麦西、衣接埃、阨
\"\" Ethiopia--埃塞俄比亚衣索比亞越智阿皮亜、越日於比亜、埃提阿百、埃西阿比亜、埃塞俄比亜、以剔阿比亜、越尾比亜、越尾比屋、以日阿伯唖、以日阿伯亜、哀提伯
\"\" Eritrea--厄立特里亚厄利垂亞厄利垂亜、厄立特利亜、以勒得里亜
\"\" Ghana--加纳迦納加納
\"\" Cabo Verde--佛得角維德角佛得角、開普威得、輪留田、辺瑠出角
\"\" Gabon--加蓬加彭加蓬、哥邦、嘎笨
\"\" Cameroon--喀麦隆喀麥隆喀麦隆、加馬倫、夏麦論
\"\" Gambia--冈比亚甘比亞岡比亜、干比亜
\"\" Guinea--几内亚幾內亞幾内亜、幾尼亜、偽匿亜、入匿亜、為匿亜、基尼、銀名
\"\" Guinea-Bissau--几内亚比绍幾內亞比索幾内亜比紹、幾内亜美須
\"\" Kenya--肯尼亚肯肯亞肯肯尼亜、革尼亜、怯尼亜、給尼亜
\"\" Côte d'Ivoire--科特迪瓦象牙海岸象牙海岸、象牙汀、象牙浜、科特迪瓦
\"\" Comoros--科摩罗葛摩科摩羅、哥摩羅、哥麻羅、革摩羅、可摩洛、哥摩呂
\"\" Congo Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók--共和國刚果共和国刚果（布）剛果共和國、剛果剛果公果、公額、工鄂、公我、広哥、康固、剛果
\"\" Congo Mìng-ciō Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók--民主共和國刚果民主共和国刚果（金）剛果民主共和國民主剛果公果、公額、工鄂、公我、広哥、康固、剛果
\"\" São Tomé gâe̤ng Príncipe--圣多美和普林西比聖多美普林西比聖多美・普林西比
\"\" Zambia--赞比亚赞尚比亞山美亜
\"\" Sierra Leone--塞拉利昂獅子山塞拉勒窩内、塞拉利昂、塞拉略尼、比拉雷俄内、志留良礼恩、志留良々恩、塞拉略恩
\"\" Djibouti--吉布提吉布地吉布提、吉武地
\"\" Zimbabwe--津巴布韦辛巴威津巴布韋、辛巴威
\"\" Sudan--苏丹蘇丹蘇丹、蘇旦、宗段
\"\" Eswatini--斯威士兰史瓦帝尼、史瓦濟蘭斯威士蘭
\"\" Seychelles--塞舌尔塞席爾塞設勒、塞舌耳、設遮爾、西士爾
\"\" Chiáh-dô̤ Guinea赤道--赤道几内亚赤道幾內亞赤道幾内亜
\"\" Senegal--塞内加尔塞內加爾塞内加爾、塞尼加爾、塞丙牙、塞内牙、設捏哈、森伊嘎勒
\"\" Somalia--索马里索馬利亞索謀利、索馬里、楚森
\"\" Tanzania--坦桑尼亚坦尚尼亞坦桑尼亜
\"\" Chad--乍得查德差徳、乍得、乍特、在得、茶都
\"\" Dṳ̆ng-hĭ Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók中非共和國中非共和国中非中非共和國、中非中非中央阿弗利加
\"\" Tunisia--突尼斯突尼西亞突尼斯、土尼斯、都尼斯突
\"\" Togo--多哥多哥多哥
\"\" Nigeria--尼日利亚奈及利亞尼日利亜
\"\" Namibia--纳米比亚納米比亞納米比亜
\"\" Niger--尼日尔尼日尼日爾、奈遮、尼若、那以加爾
\"\" Burkina Faso--布基纳法索布吉納法索布基納法索
\"\" Burundi--布隆迪蒲隆地布隆迪
\"\" Benin--贝宁貝南貝南、別寧、比寧、伯甯
\"\" Botswana--博茨瓦纳波札那博茨瓦納、伯楚阿那、貝専納
\"\" Madagascar--马达加斯加馬達加斯加馬達加斯加、馬達加斯加耳、馬達加斯加爾、麻打曷失曷、麻打葛私加児、麻打葛矢曷爾、麻打葛所葛爾、麻太加須曷爾、瑪達嘎斯嘎、馬太加須、麻田糟軽、馬特加斯格、馬太加斯加爾
\"\" Malawi--马拉维馬拉威馬拉維、尼亜薩蘭
\"\" Mali--马里馬利麻里、馬里
\"\" Nàng-hĭ南非南非南非共和國、南非南非南非、南阿弗利加南阿
\"\" Nàng Sudan南--南苏丹南蘇丹南蘇丹
\"\" Mozambique--莫桑比克莫三比克莫三鼻給、莫三非給、莫三鼻、摩散比革、摩賛俾克、模賛皮、門沙皮刻、茂山比丘
\"\" Mauritius--毛里求斯模里西斯毛里西亜、毛利西亜、毛里西、毛里求斯
\"\" Mauritania--毛里塔尼亚茅利塔尼亞毛里塔尼亜、摩里得尼亜
\"\" Morocco--摩洛哥摩洛哥摩洛哥、摩羅哥、摩勒哥、馬邏哥、馬邏可、莫羅格、馬羅哥、摩倫哥、莫羅哥、茂禄子、麻洛哥
\"\" Lṳ̄-bī-ā呂彼亞利比亚利比亞利比亜、利未亜
\"\" Liberia--利比里亚賴比瑞亞里卑利亜、里卑里亜、里比利亜、利比里亜、利比利亜、理皮利亜、来比利亜、拉比里阿、理部利屋、理辺利屋、里比利
\"\" Rwanda--卢旺达盧安達盧旺達、魯安達
\"\" Lesotho--莱索托賴索托莱索托、礼素戸、巴蘇陀蘭
"^^ . . . "92"^^ . "92"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
閩東語普通話
（中國大陸）		國語
（臺灣）		日本語
平話字漢字表記簡稱表記簡稱表記簡稱
\"\" Bĭng-dō̤冰島冰岛冰島氷州、氷島、氷洲、愛斯蘭、愛撒倫、愛撒蘭、依蘭、依蘭地、伊斯蘭、伊須蘭土、埃斯蘭、乙斯蘭土、阿斯蘭得氷
\"\" Ái-ī-làng愛爾蘭爱尔兰愛爾蘭愛蘭、愛倫、愛蘭土、愛耳蘭、愛爾蘭、愛爾蘭土、阿耳蘭、阿爾蘭、意爾蘭土、意而蘭太、哀耳蘭、哀爾、愛国愛
\"\" Albania--阿尔巴尼亚阿爾巴尼亞阿爾巴尼亜、亜爾抜儞、愛爾巴尼亜、阿百尼
\"\" Andorra--安道尔安道爾安徳爾拉、安多拉、安道爾、安道耳
\"\" Ĭng-guók, Ĭng-gék-lé英國, 英吉利英国英英國英英吉利、英国、英吉利斯、英吉利西、英吉利私、英格力斯、英律、英機黎、英倫、伊祇利須、伊吉里斯、意機利私、恵外連須、大不列顛、不列顛、不利顛、大貌利顛英
\"\" É-dâi-lé, Ngiê-dâi-lé意大利, 義大利意大利意義大利義伊太利、伊太利亜、伊太里、伊多里、伊多利、伊答利、意太利、意大利、意大里、意大里亜、意太利亜、意太里亜、意多礼亜、以太利、以太利亜、義大利、義太利亜、伊国伊、以、意、義
\"\" Ukraine--乌克兰烏克蘭烏烏克蘭、宇克蘭、育加来涅烏、宇
\"\" Estonia--爱沙尼亚愛沙尼亞愛沙尼亜、愛索尼亜
\"\" Ó̤-dê-lé, Ó̤-guók奧地利, 奧國奥地利奥奧地利奧墺太利、墺地利、墺土利、墺多利、墺斯利、墺太利亜、墺斯太利、墺士地利、墺地利亜、墺斯土利亜、墺西太利亜、澳地利、澳太利、澳斯多利、澳地利亜、澳太利亜、澳国、奥地利、奥地利亜、奥失突利亜、噢失突利亜、浩斯特里、欧塞特里、墺国墺、澳、奥
\"\" Hò̤-làng荷蘭荷兰荷荷蘭荷和蘭、阿蘭陀、和蘭陀、荷蘭、阿蘭、阿蘭佗、阿蘭陁、和蘭多、荷蘭陀、尼達蘭、尼徳蘭、舊蘭蘭、荷、和
\"\" Gṳ̆-bī-lô, Gĭ-dī居比路, 基底塞浦路斯賽普勒斯居比路、居伯羅、塞布羅斯、塞浦路斯、塞浦呂斯、糸杉
\"\" Hĭ-lé-nà̤, Hĭ-lăk希利尼, 希臘希腊希希臘希希臘、厄勒祭亜、厄勒矢亜、厄利斉亜、厄魯斉亜、厄勒西亜、額里士、額勒済亜、額力西、吉利士希
\"\" Croatia--克罗地亚克羅埃西亞哥羅西亜、哥羅地亜、哥羅的亜、呉呂茶、格禄亜祭、克羅地亜
\"\" Kosovo--科索沃科索沃科索伏
\"\" San Marino--圣马力诺聖馬利諾聖馬力諾、散馬利梛、聖馬利諾、塞馬利諾
\"\" Sôi-sê̤ṳ瑞士瑞士瑞士瑞西、瑞士、瑞士蘭、瑞斯児蘭、蘇微設路、瑞吐、雪際亜瑞
\"\" Sôi-diēng瑞典瑞典瑞典瑞典、雪際亜、蘇亦斉、蘇亦斉亜、蘇葉斉亜、蘇物甸、瑞威敦、瑞丁、瑞国瑞、典
\"\" Să̤-băng-ngà西班牙西班牙西西班牙西西班牙、西班呀、西班、西班尼、西班爾亜、西牙、士班牙、士班、士班雅、是班牙、依西把尼亜、日斯巴尼亜、以西巴爾亜、以西把儞亜、伊斯巴泥亜、伊西波儞亜、伊須波二屋、伊須把尼亜、伊斯把尼亜、伊斯把儞亞、伊斯把、伊斯巴、斯巴亜西、班、日
\"\" Slovakia--斯洛伐克斯洛伐克斯洛伐克、斯拉仏克
\"\" Slovenia--斯洛文尼亚斯洛維尼亞斯洛文尼亜、斯洛伐尼亜
\"\" Serbia--塞尔维亚塞爾維亞塞爾維亜、塞爾維、塞耳維、塞爾浜、設而非亜、梭斐亜
\"\" Ciĕk-káik捷克捷克捷捷克捷捷克、撒克
\"\" Dăng-măh, Dăng-mĕk丹麥丹麦丹丹麥丹丁抹、嗹馬、嗹嗎、嗹国、丹麦、丹墨、領墨、丁秣、丁扶、弟那瑪爾加、第那馬爾加、達内馬克、埭尼丁、嗹、丹
\"\" Dáik-guók, Dáik-é-cé德國, 德意志德国德德國德独逸、独乙、徳意志、都逸、岱枝、独乙都蘭度、度逸都蘭土独、徳
\"\" Tū-ī-gì土耳其土耳其土土耳其土土耳古、土耳其、土耳格、都児格、都児古、都児基、都児、土留其、土留古、都魯機、度爾格、度爾土
\"\" Nò̤-ŭi挪威挪威挪挪威挪諾威、那威、挪威、哪威、諾爾穵、諾爾京、梛耳回、那耳回、梛耳瓦、能留英、諾爾勿薏、奴児物玄、那蘭諾、那、挪
\"\" Vaticano--梵蒂冈梵梵蒂岡、教廷梵法迪坎、和地関
\"\" Hṳ̆ng-ngà-lé匈牙利匈牙利匈匈牙利匈洪牙利、匈牙利、匈加里、哄喝利、翁加里亜洪、匈
\"\" Hŭng-làng芬蘭芬兰芬芬蘭芬芬蘭、芬蘭土、分蘭、行蘭土芬
\"\" Huák-guók, Huák-làng-să̤法國, 法蘭西法国法法國法仏蘭西、法蘭西、払郎察、仏郎察、仏郎機、仏朗西、仏朗私、仏朗機、仏郎西、仏瑯西、仏蘭、仏郎、法朗西、法郎西、法郎斯、払郎西、払良察、払卵察、弗蘭西、不乱洲、夫剌莫設、仏国、法国仏、法、払
\"\" Bulgaria--保加利亚保加利亞勃牙利、布爾加利亜、布加利亜、布加利、保加利亜、伯爾加里、巴爾加利、勃爾瓦里、保該力阿、捕拉加里亜勃、布
\"\" Belarus--白俄罗斯白白俄羅斯白白露西亜、白俄羅斯
\"\" Bī-lé-sì比利時比利时比比利時比白耳義、比利時、比耳時、比耳義、白耳牛、波爾臥尼、北義窃、北義白、比
\"\" Bosnia gâe̤ng Herzegovina--波斯尼亚和黑塞哥维那波黑波士尼亞與赫塞哥維納波赫波斯尼亜・塞哥維那
\"\" Pŏ̤-làng波蘭波兰波波蘭波波蘭、波蘭土、波闌土、波瀾、法蓮、孛烈児、波羅泥亜、波羅尼亜、波魯尼亜波
\"\" Buò-dò̤-ngà葡萄牙葡萄牙葡葡萄牙葡葡萄牙、葡萄呀、葡萄耳、葡萄、蒲萄牙、波爾杜瓦爾、波爾杜瓦、波而都瓦爾、波爾杜葛児、波爾杜臥爾、波羅多伽児、波児杜瓦爾、保留止賀留、蒲麗都家、葡国葡
\"\" Báe̤k Mā-gì-dóng北馬其頓北马其顿北馬其頓北馬基頓、北馬其頓、北瑪設度尼
\"\" Mī-lé-dâi米利大马尔他馬爾他摩爾太、馬爾太、馬爾達、馬児達、馬耳他、瑪児太、馬他、丸太、丸田
\"\" Moldova--摩尔多瓦摩爾多瓦摩爾多瓦、模爾杜亜、模爾徒亜、模爾太皮、摩魯達維亜、未大味
\"\" Montenegro--黑山蒙特內哥羅黒山、黒山国、蒙的尼、蒙特尼格羅、蒙的尼咢羅、門徳内革羅、門的内哥羅
\"\" Latvia--拉脱维亚拉脫維亞拉脱維亜、良都美野良
\"\" Lithuania--立陶宛立陶宛里都亜尼亜、立陶瓦、立陶宛
\"\" Liechtenstein--列支敦士登列支敦斯登利支敦士登、列支敦士登、列敦士丁
\"\" Luxembourg--卢森堡盧森堡盧森堡、盧森不爾厄、呂克松堡
\"\" Romania--罗马尼亚羅馬尼亞羅馬尼亜、羅馬尼、羅瑪尼亜、魯馬尼亜、緑馬尼羅
\"\" Ngò̤-lò̤-sṳ̆, Ngò̤-guók俄羅斯, 俄國俄罗斯俄俄羅斯俄露西亜、露国、魯西亜、魯斯亜、魯細亜、魯斉亜、魯祭亜、魯失亜、魯国、俄羅斯、峩羅斯、鄂羅斯、鄂羅、俄国、阿羅思、斡羅思、兀魯思露、魯、俄
"^^ . . . "99"^^ . "99"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
閩東語普通話
（中國大陸）		國語
（臺灣）		日本語
平話字漢字表記簡稱表記簡稱表記簡稱
\"\" Mī-guók, Huă-gì-guók, Mī-lé-giĕng, Hăk-cé̤ṳng-guók美國, 花旗國, 美利堅, 合眾國美国美美國美亜米利加、亜米利加合衆国、米国、亜美利加、亜美理加、亜米理加、亜墨利加、亜米理加、亜墨利迦、亜国、阿美利加、阿墨利加、米利堅、米利幹、美利堅、美理哥、美理格、弥理堅米、亜、美、弥
\"\" Antigua gâe̤ng Barbuda--安提瓜和巴布达安地卡及巴布達安提瓜和巴布達
\"\" El Salvador--萨尔瓦多薩爾瓦多薩爾瓦多、救世主国
\"\" Gă-nā-dâi加拿大加拿大加加拿大加加奈陀、加拿太、加拿大、加拿陀、加拿佗、加拿達、加奈太、加拿他、加那陀、加那達、加奈太、加奈多、加納多、金田加
\"\" Cuba--古巴古古巴古玖馬、玖瑪、古巴、吉巴、苦柏、古波、詰由巴、久場
\"\" Guatemala--危地马拉瓜地馬拉瓜地馬拉、危地馬拉、瓦地馬拉、跨的馬拉、哇的麻剌、瓜的馬拉、瓜第瑪
\"\" Grenada--格林纳达格瑞那達格林納達、額列那大
\"\" Costa Rica--哥斯达黎加哥斯大黎加哥斯達黎加、哥斯太里加、哥斯徳里加、北斯徳里加
\"\" Saint Kitts gâe̤ng Nevis--圣基茨和尼维斯聖克里斯多福及尼維斯聖基茨・尼維斯、聖基茨和尼維斯
\"\" Saint Vincent gâe̤ng Grenadines--圣文森特和格林纳丁斯聖文森及格瑞那丁聖文森特・格林納丁
\"\" Saint Lucia--圣卢西亚聖露西亞聖盧西亜、聖路西亜
\"\" Dominica--多米尼克多米尼克土弥尼加、多米尼加
\"\" Dominica Gê̤ṳng-huò-guók--共和國多米尼加多明尼加多米尼加、土弥尼加、多明各共和国
\"\" Trinidad gâe̤ng Tobago--特立尼达和多巴哥千里達及托巴哥特立尼達和多巴哥、特尼答・多巴峩
\"\" Nicaragua--尼加拉瓜尼加拉瓜尼加拉瓜、尼加拉瓦、尼喀拉瓜、尼嘎拉瓜
\"\" Haiti--海地海地海地、亥智、平智、亥第、海智、海提、拝地
\"\" Panama, Bă-nā-mā--, 巴拿馬巴拿马巴拿馬巴奈馬、巴拿馬、巴那馬、巴那瑪、巴奈麻、巴納麻、巴那麻、巴納甸、巴納摩、把納麻、帕那麻、哈那麻、花間巴
\"\" Bahamas--巴哈马巴哈馬巴哈麻、巴哈馬、巴哈瑪、巴哈摩、抜法瑪、波巴馬斯、馬浜
\"\" Barbados--巴巴多斯巴貝多巴巴突、巴巴多斯、巴波徳斯、巴佩道斯、波耳波徳斯、抜爾抜度斯、抜而抜読私、罷抜度士
\"\" Belize--伯利兹貝里斯百里斯、伯利茲、伯里斯、巴利斯
\"\" Honduras--洪都拉斯宏都拉斯閎都拉斯、閎都拉、鬨都拉斯、洪都拉斯
\"\" Mĕ̤k-să̤-gŏ̤墨西哥墨西哥墨墨西哥墨墨西哥、墨是哥、墨是可、墨期矢哥、墨其西哥、墨士哥、墨斯哥、墨是歌、墨是科、墨即可、美希哥、黙西歌、黙時科、米斯哥、女喜志古墨
"^^ . . . "107"^^ . "107"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
閩東語普通話
（中國大陸）		國語
（臺灣）		日本語
平話字漢字表記簡稱表記簡稱表記簡稱
\"\" Argentina--阿根廷阿根廷亜爾然丁、阿根廷、阿真廷、阿爾然丁、阿根第那、亜善多陰、亜襄太印亜
\"\" Uruguay--乌拉圭烏拉圭烏拉乖、烏拉圭、烏魯圭、烏爾怪、伍魯夸愛、宇流愚威、宇柳貝、烏爾圭
\"\" Ecuador--厄瓜多尔厄瓜多厄瓜多、厄瓜多爾、厄瓜得爾、哀瓜多、英加土爾、依怪佗爾、赤道国
\"\" Guyana--圭亚那蓋亞那圭亜那、歪阿那、五井梁
\"\" Colombia--哥伦比亚哥倫比亞哥倫比亜、哥倫比、可倫比亜、哥倫米阿、閣龍比亜、古倫比亜、可侖比亜、古論備亜、戈攬弥阿、古論備屋、科倫比亜
\"\" Suriname--苏里南蘇利南蘇里南、蘇立南
\"\" Chile--智利智智利智智利、智里、知里、池鯉、地鯉、地利智
\"\" Paraguay--巴拉圭巴拉圭巴拉圭、巴羅貝、巴羅怪、巴拉貝、巴剌克歪
\"\" Bă-să̤巴西巴西巴西伯剌西爾、巴西、伯西児、伯西爾、伯拉西、伯剌西利、巴悉、白来斉耳、武剌斉里、武良尻、巴西爾、巴拉西利、舞楽而留伯、巴
\"\" Venezuela--委内瑞拉委內瑞拉委内瑞拉、委内瑞辣、分額兌拉、花尼日羅、非宜蘇意拉、部根重良委
\"\" Peru--秘鲁秘秘魯秘秘露、秘魯、孛露、白露、比路、比露、俾路、啤嚕、百露、平柳秘
\"\" Bolivia--玻利维亚玻利維亞玻里非、玻利非亜、玻利維亜、玻里比亜、波利非亜、波利斐亜、波利美亜、波力斐、波力斐唵、波里非、暮利比亜、保里備屋、保里美亜波
"^^ . . . "115"^^ . "115"^^ . "wikitable" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
閩東語普通話
（中國大陸）		國語
（臺灣）		日本語
平話字漢字表記簡稱表記簡稱表記簡稱
\"\" Ó̤-ciŭ, Ó̤-dâi-lé-ā澳洲, 澳大利亞澳大利亚澳澳大利亞、澳洲澳濠太剌利、濠太剌利亜、濠斯剌利、濠斯剌利亜、濠太利亜、濠斯太利亜、濠斯太剌利亜、濠斯太良利亜、濠太利連邦、濠州、濠洲、豪太剌利、豪斯多拉利、豪斯多剌里亜、豪斯荅剌里、豪斯多辣里洲、豪州、澳大利亜、澳太利亜、澳大利、澳太利、澳太剌利、浩斯特里、浩斯特利亜、亜烏斯答剌利豪、濠、澳、浩
\"\" Cook Gùng-dō̤--群島库克群岛庫克群島
\"\" Kiribati--基里巴斯吉里巴斯基里巴斯
\"\" Samoa--萨摩亚薩摩亞撒摩阿、散摩亜、撒麻亜、察母阿、薩摩亜、三毛亜
\"\" Solomon Gùng-dō̤--群島所罗门群岛索羅門群島撒羅蒙、瑣羅門、梭羅門、索勒蒙、掃羅們、所羅門、鎖羅門諸島
\"\" Tuvalu--图瓦卢吐瓦魯挨里西、伊里斯、津張、図瓦盧
\"\" Tonga--汤加東加東加、湯加
\"\" Nauru--瑙鲁諾魯瑙魯
\"\" Niue--纽埃紐威丹上
\"\" Niū-să̤-làng, Sĭng-să̤-làng紐西蘭, 新西蘭新西兰新紐西蘭紐新西蘭、牛西蘭、新西蘭土、新設蘭杜、紐斯蘭、新地伊蘭土、新刖蘭土、新則蘭土、新則蘭地、榒日倫敦新、乳
\"\" Vanuatu--瓦努阿图萬那杜新希比利的、新希不力兌斯、新赫布里底、牛亥伯利第、紐海白力斯、瓦努阿図
\"\" Papua New Guinea--巴布亚新几内亚巴布亞紐幾內亞巴布亜新几内亜、巴布亜新吉尼、巴不亜新幾尼亜
\"\" Palau--帕劳帛琉巴楼、巴羅、帛琉
\"\" Fiji--斐济斐濟非支、非地、斐支、斐斉、斐済、菲済
\"\" Marshall Gùng-dō̤--群島马绍尔群岛馬紹爾群島麻紹耳、瑪沙勒、瑪塞爾、馬耳沙爾、摩亜該児、馬沙爾諸島、馬紹爾諸島
\"\" Micronesia Lièng-băng--聯邦密克罗尼西亚联邦密克羅尼西亞聯邦蜜克羅尼西亜、美哥魯尼西亜
"^^ . . . "2514"^^ . "2514"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n «Sié-gái Muăk-nĭk» Hṳ̆ng-ngà-lé-ngṳ̄ gŏ̤-sṳ̀ gâe̤ng \n Bàng-uâ huăng-ĭk\n
Ôsz van és peregnek a sárgult levelek

Meghalt a földön az emberi szeretet
Bánatos könnyekkel zokog az öszi szél
Szívem már új tavaszt nem vár és nem remél
Hiába sírok és hiába szenvedek
Szívtelen rosszak és kapzsik az emberek...

Chiŭ-tiĕng gáu lāu, niŏh-niŏh buóh dâung-giâ

Sié-gái gà̤-dēng gì ái-cìng dŭ sī kó̤

Hŭng lā̤ làu-lŏ̤h iā kū-cháik gì mĕ̤k-cāi

Nguāi gì sĭng ng cái hĭ-uông siŏh-ciáh sĭng gì chŭng-tiĕng

Nguāi gì mĕ̤k-cāi gâe̤ng nguāi gì pĭ-siŏng dŭ mò̤ nó̤h sāi

Nè̤ng dŭ iā mò̤ sĭng, dŭ iā tăng-sĭng...

Meghalt a szeretet!Ái dŭ sī kó̤-lāu!
Vége a világnak, vége a reménynek

Városok pusztulnak, srapnelek zenélnek
Emberek vérétôl piros a tarka rét
Halottak fekszenek az úton szerteszét
Még egyszer elmondom csendben az imámat:
Uram, az emberek gyarlók és hibáznak...

Sié-gái chṳ̄-káik sák-dài, hĭ-uông dŭ mò̤ nó̤h sāi

Siàng-chê ké̤ṳk tē̤-kī kó̤, ché̤ṳng-cī diŏh lā̤ chióng gŏ̤

Chāu dŭ ké̤ṳk háik niēng è̤ng

Gă̤-dŏng dó̤-ché̤ṳ sī nè̤ng

Nguāi â̤ diŏh sĭng lā̤ cái dō̤-gó̤ (禱告) siŏh-huòi:

Siông-dá̤, nè̤ng dŭ-sê cô̤i-nè̤ng (罪儂), dŭ â̤ huáng dâi...

Vége a világnak!Sié-gái sák kó̤-lāu!
"^^ . . . "2803"^^ . "2803"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n «\n Kū-cháik gì Lā̤-bái-nĭk» Ià-uŏk Lăk-só-lò̤ bēng Hṳ̆ng-ngà-lé-ngṳ̄ gŏ̤-sṳ̀ gâe̤ng Ĭng-ngṳ̄ huăng-ĭk\n

Szomorú vasárnap száz fehér virággal
Vártalak kedvesem templomi imával
Álmokat kergető vasárnap délelőtt
Bánatom hintaja nélküled visszajött
Azóta szomorú mindig a vasárnap
Könny csak az italom kenyerem a bánat...

Gloomy Sunday with a hundred white flowers
I was waiting for you my dearest with a prayer
A Sunday morning, chasing after my dreams
The carriage of my sorrow returned to me without you
It is since then that my Sundays have been forever sad
Tears my only drink, the sorrow my bread...

Szomorú vasárnapGloomy Sunday
Utolsó vasárnap kedvesem gyere el

Pap is lesz, koporsó, ravatal, gyászlepel
Akkor is virág vár, virág és - koporsó
Virágos fák alatt utam az utolsó
Nyitva lesz szemem hogy még egyszer lássalak
Ne félj a szememtől holtan is áldalak...

This last Sunday, my darling please come to me
There'll be a priest, a coffin, a catafalque and a winding-sheet
There'll be flowers for you, flowers and a coffin
Under the blossoming trees it will be my last journey
My eyes will be open, so that I could see you for a last time
Don't be afraid of my eyes, I'm blessing you even in my death...
Utolsó vasárnapThe last Sunday
"^^ . . . "2981"^^ . "2981"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
\n «Kū-cháik gì lā̤-bái-nĭk» Săng-mū M. Lô-ê Ĭng-ngṳ̄ gŏ̤-sṳ̀ gâe̤ng Bàng-uâ huăng-ĭk\n
Sunday is gloomy, my hours are slumberless

Dearest, the shadows I live with are numberless
Little white flowers will never awaken you
Not where the black coach of sorrow has taken you
Angels have no thought of ever returning you
Would they be angry if I thought of joining you
Gloomy Sunday

Ŭ-áng gì lā̤-bái-nĭk, káung dŭ mâ̤ diŏh

Nguāi uăk diŏh ù-só uâng-chiĕng gì ōng-ōng diē-sié

Nâung-nâung gì băh-huă hāu nṳ̄ iâ mâ̤ bà-kī

Ŭ-sáik gì lìng-chiă ī-gĭng dái nṳ̄ giàng kó̤

Tiĕng-sṳ̄ siōng dŭ mâ̤ siōng gái sáe̤ng nṳ̄ diōng-lì

Nguāi nâ gṳ̆ng nṳ̄ giàng kó̤, ĭ-nè̤ng â̤ mâ̤ sêu-ké

Ŭ-áng gì lā̤-bái-nĭk

Gloomy Sunday, with shadows I spend it all

My heart and I have decided to end it all
Soon there'll be candles and prayers that are sad, I know
Let them not weep
Let them know that I'm glad to go
Death is no dream
For in death I'm caressing you
With the last breath of my soul I'll be blessing you
Gloomy Sunday

Ŭ-áng gì lā̤-bái-nĭk, gâe̤ng ōng cà̤ guó

Nguāi gâe̤ng nguāi gì sĭng giók-dêng diŏh giék-sók ciòng-buô

Siĕng-huă gâe̤ng dō̤-gó̤ iā kū-cháik, nguāi â̤ báik

Niông ĭ-nè̤ng mŏk tiè-mà

Niông ĭ-nè̤ng dŭ báik-duòng, sê nguāi cê-gă buóh liè-kŭi

Sṳ̄-uòng ng-sê hṳ̆-móng (虛夢)

Ŭ-áng gì lā̤-bái-nĭk, gâe̤ng ōng cà̤ guó

Ciŏk-chṳ̄ (藉此) nguāi ciŏng nṳ̄ ái-hū (愛撫)

Lìng-hùng ī cĭ-hâiu ék-sék (一息) ôi nṳ̄ cé̤ṳk-hók

Ŭ-áng gì lā̤-bái-nĭk

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Dreaming, I was only dreaming

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I wake and I find you asleep in the deep of my heart, dear!

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Darling I hope that my dream never haunted you

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My heart is telling you how much I wanted you

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Gloomy Sunday

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Có̤ máe̤ng, huă-lā̤-sê nguāi lā̤ có̤ máe̤ng

Nguāi chĭng-sīng kó̤ cêu huák-hiêng nṳ̄ gó káung diŏh nguāi sĭng lā̤, chĭng-ái gì nè̤ng!

Chĭng-ái gì, nguāi hĭ-uông nguāi gì máe̤ng mâ̤ dièng-buáng nṳ̄

Nguāi gì sĭng lā̤ gōng nṳ̄ tiăng, nguāi ô nióh-uái ó̤i-dĭk nṳ̄

Kū-cháik gì lā̤-bái-nĭk

"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
?丁香魺
生物分類
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界：動物界 Animalia
門：脊索動物門 Chordata
綱：輻鰭魚綱 Actinopterygii
目：鯡形目 Clupeiformes
 科：鯷科 Engraulidae
"^^ . . . "63"^^ . "63"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
Biĕu-cé
Nĭk-ngṳ̄天気の子
Dō̤-iēngSĭng-hāi Sìng (新海誠)
Gŭng-éng2019 nièng 7 nguŏk 19 hô̤
(Nĭk-buōng)
2019 nièng 11 nguŏk 1 hô̤
(Dṳ̆ng-guók)
"^^ . . . "66"^^ . "66"^^ . "" . "\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n
標志
日語天気の子
導演新海誠
公映2019年7月19號（日本）
2019年11月1號（中國）
"^^ . # completed 2020-07-16T05:06:02Z