The politics of Russia take place in the framework of the federal semi-presidential republic of Russia. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union at the end of 1991, Russia has seen serious challenges in its efforts to forge a political system to follow nearly seventy-five years of Soviet governance. For instance, leading figures in the legislative and executive branches have put forth opposing views of Russia's political direction and the governmental instruments that should be used to follow it. That conflict reached a climax in September and October 1993, when President Boris Yeltsin used military force to dissolve the parliament and called for new legislative elections (see Russian constitutional crisis of 1993). This event marked the end of Russia's first constitutional period, which was defined by the much-amended constitution adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic in 1978. A new constitution, creating a strong presidency, was approved by referendum in December 1993. With a new constitution and a new parliament representing diverse parties and factions, Russia's political structure subsequently showed signs of stabilization. As the transition period extended into the mid-1990s, the power of the national government continued to wane as Russia's regions gained political and economic concessions from Moscow.

Valentyna Petrivna Paliyenko (Ukrainian: Валентина Петрівна Палієнко; 9 September 1935 – 17 March 2021) was a Ukrainian geomorphologist. She was Deputy Director of the Institute of Geography for Scientific Work. She became Doctor of Geographical Sciences (1991), Professor at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv (2003), Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine (2008). She was awarded the title of Laureate with State Prize of Ukraine in Science and Technology (2009) and was awarded the Prize of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine named after VI Vernadsky in 1997. Petrovna died on 17 March 2021, aged 85.

Heinz Martin Albert Röttger (6 November 1909 – 26 August 1977) was a German composer. From 1928 to 1931 Röttger attended the Akademie der Tonkunst in Munich, where he studied under Walter Courvoisier and Hugo Röhr. From 1930 to 1934 he studied under Alfred Lorenz and Adolf Sandberger at the University of Munich; his doctoral thesis was on problems of form in the work of Richard Strauss. Until the outbreak of the Second World War he was Kapellmeister in Augsburg, in Bavaria. After the War he worked at the Stralsunder Theater, in Stralsund in Mecklenburg-Vorpommern; in 1951 he became music director of the Volkstheater Rostock, in Rostock in the same state. In 1954 he was made chief musical director of the , in Dessau in Sachsen-Anhalt, where he remained until his death in Dessau on 26 August 1977. His works include Bellmann, 1946; Phaeton, 1957; Der Heiratsantrag, a comic opera after Anton Chekhov, 1960; Die Frauen von Troja, 1962; Der Weg nach Palermo, 1965; Spanisches Capriccio, 1976.

Joseph Gungl, correct: Josef Gung'l (1 December 1809 - 1 February 1889), was an Austrian composer, bandmaster, and conductor. He was soprano Virginia Naumann-Gungl's father.

The politics of Russia take place in the framework of the federal semi-presidential republic of Russia. According to the Constitution of Russia, the President of Russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the Prime Minister, who is appointed by the President with the parliament's approval. Legislative power is vested in the two houses of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, while the President and the government issue numerous legally binding by-laws.

Green Island (in French: Île verte) is a rocky island near the mouth of Fortune Bay, Newfoundland. It is located about 10 km (6 mi) west of the Burin Peninsula of Newfoundland near Point May, and 10 km (6 mi) east of St. Pierre Island in the French islands of Saint-Pierre and Miquelon. In Article XIII of the Treaty of Utrecht (1713), France acknowledged British ownership of Newfoundland and its adjacent islands, of which Green Island is one.