In cryptography, the Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm (CMEA) is a block cipher which was used for securing mobile phones in the United States. CMEA is one of four cryptographic primitives specified in a Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) standard, and is designed to encrypt the control channel, rather than the voice data. In 1997, a group of cryptographers published attacks on the cipher showing it had several weaknesses which give it a trivial effective strength of a 24-bit to 32-bit cipher.Some accusations were made that the NSA had pressured the original designers into crippling CMEA, but the NSA has denied any role in the design or selection of the algorithm. The and ciphers are derived from CMEA. CMEA is described in U.S. Patent 5,159,634. It is byte-oriented, with variable block size, typically 2 to 6 bytes. The key size is only 64 bits. Both of these are unusually small for a modern cipher. The algorithm consists of only 3 passes over the data: a non-linear left-to-right diffusion operation, an unkeyed linear mixing, and another non-linear diffusion that is in fact the inverse of the first. The non-linear operations use a keyed lookup table called the T-box, which uses an unkeyed lookup table called the CaveTable. The algorithm is self-inverse; re-encrypting the ciphertext with the same key is equivalent to decrypting it. CMEA is severely insecure. There is a chosen-plaintext attack, effective for all block sizes, using 338 chosen plaintexts. For 3-byte blocks (typically used to encrypt each dialled digit), there is a known-plaintext attack using 40 to 80 known plaintexts. For 2-byte blocks, 4 known plaintexts suffice. The "improved" CMEA, CMEA-I, is not much better: chosen-plaintext attack of it requires less than 850 plaintexts in its adaptive version.

Pages using infobox martial artist with unknown parameters

Achilles tendon rupture

Shweta Mohan (born 19 November 1985) is an Indian playback singer. She has received four Filmfare Awards South for Best Female Playback Singer, one Kerala State Film Awards and one Tamil Nadu State Film Awards. She has recorded songs for film music and albums in all the four South Indian languages namely, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada along with the Hindi language and has established herself as a leading playback singer of South Indian cinema.Some of her inspirations are Sujatha Mohan(her mother), Shreya Ghoshal, Alka Yagnik and K.S. Chitra Shweta Mohan has sung title songs for more than 50 serials in Sun TV and Vijay TV since 2002. Her most notable title song was for the serial Thirumathi Selvam in Sun TV.

Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates

CS1 maint: PMC format

"Virtus et Sapientia" (Virtue and Wisdom)

1918 births

Dominika Cibulková (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈdɔminika ˈtsibulkɔʋaː]; born 6 May 1989) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. Known for her quick and aggressive style of play, she won eight WTA Tour singles titles and two on the ITF Circuit. Cibulková reached the quarterfinals or better of all four Grand Slam tournaments. One of the most notable achievements of her career was a final appearance at the 2014 Australian Open, when she became the first female Slovak to reach the championship-round of a Grand Slam tournament. She also won the WTA Finals in 2016, becoming the fourth player (after Serena Williams in 2001, Maria Sharapova in 2004 and Petra Kvitová in 2011) to win the tournament on debut.
Dominika Cibulková

261st Medical Battalion

Articles with short description

In cryptography, the Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm (CMEA) is a block cipher which was used for securing mobile phones in the United States. CMEA is one of four cryptographic primitives specified in a Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA) standard, and is designed to encrypt the control channel, rather than the voice data. In 1997, a group of cryptographers published attacks on the cipher showing it had several weaknesses which give it a trivial effective strength of a 24-bit to 32-bit cipher.Some accusations were made that the NSA had pressured the original designers into crippling CMEA, but the NSA has denied any role in the design or selection of the algorithm. The and ciphers are derived from CMEA.

Short description with empty Wikidata description

This article summarizes the events related to rock music for the year of 2021.

Shweta Mohan (born 19 November 1985) is an Indian playback singer. She has received four Filmfare Awards South for Best Female Playback Singer, one Kerala State Film Awards and one Tamil Nadu State Film Awards. She has recorded songs for film music and albums in all the four South Indian languages namely, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu, Kannada along with the Hindi language and has established herself as a leading playback singer of South Indian cinema.Some of her inspirations are Sujatha Mohan(her mother), Shreya Ghoshal, Alka Yagnik and K.S. Chitra

Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls

Achilles tendon rupture is when the Achilles tendon, at the back of the ankle, breaks. Symptoms include the sudden onset of sharp pain in the heel. A snapping sound may be heard as the tendon breaks and walking becomes difficult. Achilles tendon rupture occurs in about 1 per 10,000 people per year. Males are more commonly affected than females. People in their 30s to 50s are most commonly affected.

This article incorporates public domain material from websites or documents of the United States Army. The 261st Medical Battalion is a Multifunctional Medical Battalion of the US Army located at Fort Bragg, North Carolina, under the command and control of the 44th Medical Brigade. It provides a flexible and modular medical battle command, administrative assistance, logistical support, and technical supervision capability for assigned and attached medical organizations (companies and detachments), which can be task-organized to support deployed forces.

Cellular Message Encryption Algorithm

One Academy Lane

Patricia Douglas (born Patricia Dorothy Douglas; born March 27, 1917- November 11, 2003) was a dancer and movie extra. Douglas was the subject of the documentary Girl 27, documenting her 1937 rape by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer salesman David Ross and the aftermath. Douglas was one of the first people to come forward after experiencing sexual assault in the film industry, leading to a massive scandal that MGM minimized by a smear campaign against Douglas.

Hillsdale Academy

2021 in rock music

Colts

Achilles tendon rupture is when the Achilles tendon, at the back of the ankle, breaks. Symptoms include the sudden onset of sharp pain in the heel. A snapping sound may be heard as the tendon breaks and walking becomes difficult. Rupture typically occurs as a result of a sudden bending up of the foot when the calf muscle is engaged, direct trauma, or long-standing tendonitis. Other risk factors include the use of fluoroquinolones, a significant change in exercise, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, or corticosteroid use. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms and examination and supported by medical imaging. Prevention may include stretching before activity. Treatment may be by surgery repair or casting with the toes somewhat pointed down. Relatively rapid return to weight bearing (within 4 weeks) appears okay. While surgery traditionally results in a small decrease in the risk of re-rupture, the risk of other complications is greater. Additionally rapid rehabilitation may remove this difference in ruptures. If appropriate treatment does not occur within 4 weeks of the injury outcomes are not as good. Achilles tendon rupture occurs in about 1 per 10,000 people per year. Males are more commonly affected than females. People in their 30s to 50s are most commonly affected.
sports

List of Tamil songs recorded by Shweta Mohan

Short description matches Wikidata

Patricia Douglas

Ercaia

The Hillsdale Academy is a K-12 liberal arts school operated by Hillsdale College. Hillsdale Academy is located in Hillsdale, Michigan.

Ercaia is genus of Cambrian arthropod known for being a member of the Chengjiang biota, containing the single species E. minuscula. It has been suggested to be one of the oldest crustaceans ever found.

"Spearhead Medics"

Dominika Cibulková (Slovak pronunciation: [ˈdɔminika ˈtsibulkɔʋaː]; born 6 May 1989) is a Slovak former professional tennis player. Known for her quick and aggressive style of play, she won eight WTA Tour singles titles and two on the ITF Circuit.

Patricia Douglas (born Patricia Dorothy Douglas; born March 27, 1917- November 11, 2003) was a dancer and movie extra. Douglas was the subject of the documentary Girl 27, documenting her 1937 rape by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer salesman David Ross and the aftermath. Douglas was one of the first people to come forward after experiencing sexual assault in the film industry, leading to a massive scandal that MGM minimized by a smear campaign against Douglas. Douglas retired from the industry after her sexual assault, but appeared on camera 65 years after her assault after being contacted by biographer David Stenn who learned about her while uncovering the story of the 1937 assault and cover up.

Maja Göpel