Vazuza River

The Islamic Golden Age was a period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam Theories During the Golden Age of Islam, pp. 245, 250, 256–57. New York University Press, ISBN 0-8147-8023-7.</ref> This period is traditionally understood to have begun during the reign of the Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid (786 to 809) with the inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the world's largest city by then, where Islamic scholars and polymaths from various parts of the world with different cultural backgrounds were mandated to gather and translate all of the world's classical knowledge into Arabic and Persian. Several historic inventions and significant contributions in numerous fields were n history]]. The period is traditionally said to have ended with the collapse of the Abbasid caliphate due to Mongol invasions and the Siege of Baghdad in 1258. A few scholars date the end of the golden age around 1350 linking with the Timurid Renaissance, while several modern historians and scholars place the end of the Islamic Golden Age as late as the end of 15th to 16th centuries meeting with the Age of the Islamic Gunpowders. (The medieval period of Islam is very similar if not the same, with one source defining it as 900–1300 CE.)

The Vazuza (Russian: Вазу́за) is a river in Novoduginsky and Sychyovsky districts of Smolensk Oblast and Zubtsovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, a right tributary of the Volga River. It is 162 kilometres (101 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 7,120 square kilometres (2,750 sq mi). The lower part of the river has been transformed into Vazuza Reservoir. The towns of Sychyovka and Zubtsov are located on the banks the Vazuza (the latter at its confluence with the Volga). The main tributaries of the Vazuza are the , the Gzhat (both right), the Losmina and the Osuga (left).
The Vazuza (Russian: Вазу́за) is a river in Novoduginsky and Sychyovsky districts of Smolensk Oblast and Zubtsovsky District of Tver Oblast, Russia, a right tributary of the Volga River. It is 162 kilometres (101 mi) long, and its drainage basin covers 7,120 square kilometres (2,750 sq mi). The lower part of the river has been transformed into Vazuza Reservoir. The towns of Sychyovka and Zubtsov are located on the banks the Vazuza (the latter at its confluence with the Volga). The main tributaries of the Vazuza are the , the Gzhat (both right), the Losmina and the Osuga (left). The source of the Vazuza is located east of the village of in Novoduginsky District. The river flows north, crosses into Sychyovsky District, and downstream of the town of Sychyovka turns east. Several kilometers downstream of Sychyovka the reservoir begins, and all major tributaries of the Vazuza form bays in the reservoir. The Vazuza accepts the Kasnya from the right and turns northeast. Downstream of the mouth of the Gzhat it makes a short stretch of a border between Tver and Smolensk Oblasts, flowing northwest, and further downstream turns northeast and deviates from the border into Tver Oblast. The damb of the reservoirs is located several kilometers upstream from the mouth of the Vazuza and several kilometers downstream from the mouth of the Osuga. The drainage basin of the Vazuza includes the major part of Sychyovsky District, the eastern part of Novoduginsky District, the northern parts of Gagarinsky and Vyazemsky Districts of Smolensk Oblast, as well as the southern parts of Zubtsovsky and Rzhevsky Districts and minor areas in the eastern part of Oleninsky District in Tver Oblast. The towns of Zubtsov, Sychyovka, and Gagarin, as well as the selo of Novodugino, the administrative center of Novoduginsky District, are all located in the drainage basin of the Vazuza.