Computer chess
subject: Category:Game artificial intelligence
type: Thing
wiki page history link: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computer_chess&action=history
abstract: Computer chess includes both hardware (dedicated computers) and software capable of playing chess. Computer chess provides opportunities for players to practice even in the absence of human opponents, and also provides opportunities for analysis, entertainment and training. Computer chess applications that play at the level of a chess master or higher are available on hardware from desktops to smart phones. Standalone chess-playing machines are also available. Stockfish, GNU Chess, Fruit, and other free open source applications are available for many platforms. Computer chess applications, whether implemented in hardware or software, employ a different paradigm than humans to chose their moves: they use heuristic methods to build, search and evaluate trees representing sequences of moves from the current position and attempt to execute the best such sequence during play. Such trees are typically quite large, thousands to millions of nodes. The computational speed of modern computers, capable of processing tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands of nodes or more per second, in conjunction with extension and reduction heuristics that narrow the tree to mostly relevant nodes, make such an approach effective. The first chess machines capable of playing chess or reduced chess-like games were software programs running on digital computers early in the vacuum tube computer age (1950's). The early programs played so poorly that even a beginner could defeat them. Within 50 years, in 1997, chess engines running on super-computers or specialized hardware, became able to defeat even the strongest human players. Nevertheless, it is considered unlikely that computers will solve chess in the near future due to its computational complexity.
wiki page edit link: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Computer_chess&action=edit
wiki page ID: 68367
comment: Computer chess includes both hardware (dedicated computers) and software capable of playing chess. Computer chess provides opportunities for players to practice even in the absence of human opponents, and also provides opportunities for analysis, entertainment and training. Computer chess applications that play at the level of a chess master or higher are available on hardware from desktops to smart phones. Standalone chess-playing machines are also available. Stockfish, GNU Chess, Fruit, and other free open source applications are available for many platforms.
subject: Category:Computer chess
subject: Category:Electronic games

Berbers
subject: Category:Berber
population place: Tunisia
population place: Algeria
wiki page edit link: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Berbers&action=edit
subject: Category:Ethnic groups in Tunisia
subject: Category:Ethnic groups in Algeria
subject: Category:Ethnic groups in Mali
population place: Libya
subject: Category:Moors
subject: Category:Ethnic groups in Egypt
type: EthnicGroup
language: Berber languages
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subject: Category:Arabized Berbers
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subject: Category:Ancient peoples
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subject: Category:Ethnic groups in Mauritania
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subject: Category:Ethnic groups in Morocco
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religion: Sunni Islam
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Chris Erskine
subject: Category:Scottish footballers
subject: Category:Association football midfielders
subject: Category:Living people
subject: Category:People from Rutherglen
comment: Chris Erskine (born 8 February 1987) is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Livingston in the Scottish Premiership as a midfielder. He has previously played for junior side Kilbirnie Ladeside where he began his career, Partick Thistle and Dundee United.
subject: Category:Scottish Football League players
subject: Category:Scottish Junior Football Association players
wiki page edit link: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Erskine&action=edit
subject: Category:1987 births
subject: Category:Livingston F.C. players
subject: Category:Dundee United F.C. players
wiki page history link: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chris_Erskine&action=history
wiki page out degree: 82
subject: Category:Scottish Professional Football League players
subject: Category:Partick Thistle F.C. players
subject: Category:Sportspeople from South Lanarkshire
subject: Category:People from East Kilbride
wiki page ID: 23878931
subject: Category:Kilbirnie Ladeside F.C. players

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Pages using old version of Template DisestcatCountry
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2012 establishments by country
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Berbers
primary topic: Berbers
language: en
type: Document
contributor: MaroIsLife

2012 disestablishments by country
wiki page revision ID: 906389738
wiki page ID: 35504310
type: Concept

Computer chess
primary topic: Computer chess
language: en
contributor: Sbalfour
type: Document

Pages using new version of Template DisestcatCountry
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Sbalfour
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MaroIsLife
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Chris Erskine
contributor: A Well Fan
type: Document
language: en
primary topic: Chris Erskine

DisestcatCountry — used with year parameter(s) equals year in page title
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A Well Fan
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2012 disestablishments in Wales
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