Glyco_hydro_65C

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 88 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 88 CAZY GH_88 includes enzymes with d-4,5 unsaturated β-glucuronyl hydrolase activity.

IUCN2.3

The shells of large saltwater bittersweet clams in the genus Glycymeris have a special archaeological significance in the southwestern USA, because the shells were used in trade item production by the Hohokam tribe of Amerindians.

Neuraminidase

GH70

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 52 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glyco_hydro_19

A glycosyl donor is a carbohydrate mono- or oligosaccharide that will react with a suitable glycosyl acceptor to form a new glycosidic bond. By convention, the donor is the member of this pair that contains the resulting anomeric carbon of the new glycosidic bond. The resulting reaction is referred to as a glycosylation or chemical glycosylation.In a glycosyl donor, a leaving group is required at the anomeric position. The simplest leaving group is the OH group that is naturally present in monosaccharides, but it requires activation by acid catalysis in order to function as leaving group (in the Fischer glycosylation). More effective leaving groups are in general used in the glycosyl donors employed in chemical synthesis of glycosides. Typical leaving groups are halides, thioalkyl groups, or imidates, but acetate, phosphate, and O-pentenyl groups are also employed. Natural glycosyl donors contain phosphates as leaving groups.The so-called “armed-disarmed” principleThe concept of armed and disarmed glycosyl donors refers to the increased reactivity of benzylated over benzoylated glycosyl donors, a phenomenon observed very early, and which originates from the greater electron-withdrawing capability of ester blocking groups over ether blocking groups. However, it was Bertram Fraser-Reid who realised that benzylated glycosyl donors can be activated when benzoylated donors are not, and invented the terms armed glycosyl donor for the former, and disarmed glycosyl donor for the latter. He and his group showed that armed glycosyl donors could be coupled to a glycosyl acceptor, that was at the same time a disarmed glycosyl donor, without self-coupling of the disarmed donor/acceptor. This approach allowed him to carry out a one-pot synthesis of a trisaccharide by the n-pentenyl glycoside method.The concept has been extended to superarmed glycosyl donor by Mikael Bols and his collaborators. He realised that the hydroxy groups of carbohydrates are less electron-withdrawing towards the anomeric center when they are axial than when they are equatorial, which means that glycosyl donor conformers with more axial oxy functions are more reactive. Protection of a glycosyl donor with bulky silyl groups (tert-butyldimethylsilyl or triisopropyl) cause it to change conformation to a more axial-rich conformation that, as a consequence, is more reactive, which Bols and his group called superarmed. They showed that a superarmed donor can be coupled to an armed glycosyl donor/acceptor.

Glyco_hydro_46

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 79 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glyco_hydro_26

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 70 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.This family includes glucosyltransferases or sucrose 6-glycosyl transferases (GTF-S) (EC 2.4.1.5CAZY GH_70) which catalyse the transfer of D-glucopyramnosyl units from sucrose onto acceptor molecules. Some members of this family contain a cell wall-binding repeat.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 3 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 3 CAZY GH_3 comprises enzymes with a number of known activities; beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21); beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37); N-acetyl beta-glucosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52); glucan beta-1,3-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.58); cellodextrinase (EC 3.2.1.74); exo-1,3-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1). These enzymes are two-domain globular proteins that are N-glycosylated at three sites.

* Glycymeris aspera (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850): misspelt

maltose phosphorylase from lactobacillus brevis

Glycosmis tomentella

G. macrantha

Glycymeris (shells)

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 6 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosmis longisepala is a tree of Borneo in the rue and citrus family Rutaceae. The specific epithet longisepala is from the Latin meaning "long sepal".

Glycosmis pentaphylla

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 97 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycymerididae

Glycoside hydrolase family 45

Mannosyl oligosaccharide glucosidase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 85 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 85 enzymes have endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity EC 3.2.1.96 (CAZY GH_85). These enzymes work on a broad spectrum of substrates.

see text

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 48 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosylated tectorigenin

Glycoside hydrolase family 17

Glycymerididae, previously known as Glycymeridae, common names dog cockles or bittersweets, is a worldwide family of salt water clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the superfamily Arcoida. They are related to the ark clams. This family contains 45 species in four genera.

CL0059

Glyco_hydro_14

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 24 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosylated hemoglobin

Glyco_hydro_85

Glycyl-tRNA synthetase

GH3

Glycosmis perakensis is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.

*Glycosmis oliveri

CL0058

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 12 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.50, GPI-PLD, glycoprotein phospholipase D, phosphatidylinositol phospholipase D, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D) is an enzyme with systematic name glycoprotein-phosphatidylinositol phosphatidohydrolase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol + 3-sn-phosphatidateThis enzyme cleaves proteins from the lipid part of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors.

da Costa, 1778

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 37 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 37 CAZY GH_37 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; trehalase (EC 3.2.1.28). Trehalase is the enzyme responsible for the degradation of the disaccharide alpha,alpha-trehalose yielding two glucose subunits. It is an enzyme found in a wide variety of organisms and whose sequence has been highly conserved throughout evolution.

Glycydendron

Glycosyl hydrolases family 32 C terminal

G. tomentella

Glycoside hydrolase family 14

Glycoside hydrolase family 85

GH59

GH47

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 44 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 44 CAZY GH_44, formerly known as cellulase family J, includes enzymes with endoglucanase EC 3.2.1.4 and xyloglucanase EC 3.2.1.151 activities. The overall structure of enzymes in this family consists of a TIM-like barrel domain, a beta-sandwich domain and an active site with two glutamic acid residues, all of which are conserved between the endoglucanases and xyloglucanases in the family, with only minor differences.

Glycosmis longisepala

Glycoside hydrolase family 80

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 67 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Cellulase

Bac_rhamnosid

Glyco_hydro_53

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 52 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 52 CAZY GH_52 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37).Proteins harboring beta-xylosidase and xylanase activities have been identified in the Gram-positive, facultative thermophilic aerobe Bacillus stearothermophilus 21. This microbe, which functions in xylan degradation, can utilise xylan as a sole source of carbon. The enzyme hydrolyses 1,4-beta-D-xylans, removing successive D-xylose residues from the non-reducing termini. It also hydrolyses xylobiose.

G. pentaphylla

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 77 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.The enzymes in this family have amylomaltase or 4-α-glucanotransferase activity (EC 2.4.1.25) CAZY GH_77, they transfer a segment of a (1,4)-alpha-D-glucan to a new 4-position in an acceptor, which may be glucose or (1,4)-alpha-D-glucan. They belong to the disproportionating family of enzymes.

Glyco_hydro_98C

Glycosuria or glucosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reabsorb all of the filtered glucose from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream. Glycosuria is nearly always caused by elevated blood glucose levels, most commonly due to untreated diabetes mellitus. Rarely, glycosuria is due to an intrinsic problem with glucose reabsorption within the kidneys (such as Fanconi syndrome), producing a condition termed renal glycosuria. Glycosuria leads to excessive water loss into the urine with resultant dehydration, a process called osmotic diuresis.Alimentary glycosuria is a temporary condition, when a high amount of carbohydrate is taken, it is rapidly absorbed in some cases where a part of the stomach is surgically removed, the excessive glucose appears in urine producing glucosuria.

Glyco_hydro_70

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 42 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 70

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D (EC 3.1.4.50, GPI-PLD, glycoprotein phospholipase D, phosphatidylinositol phospholipase D, phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase D) is an enzyme with systematic name glycoprotein-phosphatidylinositol phosphatidohydrolase.

GH57

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 68 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.The glycosyl hydrolase 68 family (CAZY GH_68) includes several bacterial levansucrase enzymes, and invertase from Zymomonas. Levansucrase (EC 2.4.1.10), also known as beta-D-fructofuranosyl transferase, catalyses the conversion of sucrose and (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)(N) to glucose and (2,6-beta-D-fructosyl)(N+1), where other sugars can also act as fructosyl acceptors. Invertase, or extracellular sucrase (EC 3.2.1.26), catalyses the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-fructofuranoside residues in beta-D-fructofuranosides.

beta-fructosidase from thermotoga maritima in complex with raffinose

GH45

Glyco_hydro_25

Glycoside hydrolase family 38

Glycosylated

Raffinose_syn

crystal structure of the catalytic module of a family 98 glycoside hydrolase from streptococcus pneumoniae tigr4 in complex with the h-disaccharide blood group antigen.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 66 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosphingolipids are a subtype of glycolipids containing the amino alcohol sphingosine. They may be considered as sphingolipids with an attached carbohydrate. Glycosphingolipids are a group of lipids (more specifically, sphingolipids) and are a part of the cell membrane. They consist of a hydrophobic ceramide part and a glycosidically bound carbohydrate part.

Glyco_hydro_20b

Glycoside hydrolase family 24

Glycoside hydrolase family 56

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 8 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In enzymology, a glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.97) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactiontetradecanoyl-CoA + glycylpeptide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } CoA + N-tetradecanoylglycylpeptideThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are tetradecanoyl-CoA and glycylpeptide, whereas its two products are CoA and N-tetradecanoylglycylpeptide.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 67 C-terminus

Glycyl-glycine dipeptidase

* Glycymeris aspera : misspelt
* Glycymeris vestita
* Pectunculus aspersus Adams & Reeve, 1850
* Pectunculus vestitus Dunker, 1877

lysozyme from bacteriophage lambda

GH73

Glyco_hydro_67C

Alpha-amylase

GH88

Glycylleucine hydrolase

Glyco_hydro_52

Glyco_hydro_6

Glyco_hydro_7

Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 88

Glycoside hydrolase family 92

Glycosyltransferase DesVII (EC 2.4.1.277, DesVII) is an enzyme with systematic name dTDP-3-dimethylamino-3,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose:10-deoxymethynolide 3-dimethylamino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reactiondTDP-3-dimethylamino-3,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose + 10-deoxymethynolide ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } dTDP + 10-deoxymethymycinDesVII is the glycosyltransferase responsible for the attachment of TDP-D-desosamine to macrolactones of varied ring sizes.

Glycosylases (EC 3.2) are enzymes that hydrolyze glycosyl compounds. They are a type of hydrolase (EC 3). In turn, glycosylases are divided into two groups: glycosidases -- enzymes that hydrolyze O- and S-glycosyl compounds (EC 3.2.1) -- and enzymes that hydrolyze N-glycosyl compounds (EC 3.2.2).

In enzymology, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase (EC 4.6.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolHence, this enzyme has one substrate, 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol, and two products, 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the class of phosphorus-oxygen lyases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-lyase [6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate-forming]. Other names in common use include (glycosyl)phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, GPI-PLC, GPI-specific phospholipase C, VSG-lipase, glycosyl inositol phospholipid anchor-hydrolyzing enzyme, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C, variant-surface-glycoprotein phospholipase C, 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol, and diacylglycerol-lyase (1,2-cyclic-phosphate-forming).

Glycosyl transferase

Glycosmis perakensis

crystal structure of bee venom hyaluronidase in complex with hyaluronic acid tetramer

Glycylcyclines are a new class of antibiotics derived from tetracycline. These tetracycline analogues are specifically designed to overcome two common mechanisms of tetracycline resistance, namely resistance mediated by acquired efflux pumps and/or ribosomal protection. Presently, tigecycline is the only glycylcycline approved for antibiotic use.

CL0369

Glyco_hydro_9

cyclodextrin glucanotransferase

Glycoside hydrolase family 98

GH38

Glycosyl hydrolase family 65 central catalytic domain

native structure of beta-galactosidase from penicillium sp.

Glyco_hydro_81

GH72

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 26 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH15

GH2

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 77 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 45

Plantae

Ridley

In enzymology, a glycosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.62) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionglycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } N-acylsphingosine + a sugarThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine and H2O, whereas its two products are N-acylsphingosine and sugar.This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds.

Glycosuria

Glycoside hydrolases

GH5

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 35 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 35 CAZY GH_35 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23). Mammalian beta-galactosidase is a lysosomal enzyme (gene GLB1) which cleaves the terminal galactose from gangliosides, glycoproteins, and glycosaminoglycans and whose deficiency is the cause of the genetic disease Gm(1) gangliosidosis (Morquio disease type B).

Trehalase

Glyco_hydro_15

Glycoside hydrolase family 33

Glycosmis

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 39 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 39 CAZY GH_39 comprises enzymes with several known activities; alpha-L-iduronidase (EC 3.2.1.76); beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37).The most highly conserved regions in these enzymes are located in their N-terminal sections. These contain a glutamic acid residue which, on the basis of similarities with other families of glycosyl hydrolases, probably acts as the proton donor in their catalytic mechanism.

Glycosylases

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 31 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

CL0004

Glycosthene

Glycoside hydrolase family 5

Glycoside hydrolase family 76

CL0037

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 71 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.It is a family of alpha-1,3-glucanases (EC 3.2.1.59) (CAZY GH_71).

Glyco_hydro_65N

Glycosyl hydrolase family 53

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 6 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 6 CAZY GH_6 comprises enzymes with several known activities including endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91). These enzymes were formerly known as cellulase family B. The 3D structure of the enzymatic core of cellobiohydrolase II (CBHII) from the fungus Trichoderma reesei reveals an alpha-beta protein with a fold similar to the ubiquitous barrel topology first seen in triose phosphate isomerase. The active site of CBHII is located at the C-terminal end of a parallel beta barrel, in an enclosed tunnel through which the cellulose threads. Two aspartic acid residues, located in the centre of the tunnel are the probable catalytic residues.

GH33

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 43 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 43 CAZY GH_43 includes enzymes with the following activities, beta-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1.37), alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55); arabinanase (EC 3.2.1.99), and xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8). The structure of arabinanase Arb43A from Cellvibrio japonicus reveals a five-bladed beta-propeller fold. A long V-shaped groove, partially enclosed at one end, forms a single extended substrate-binding surface across the face of the propeller.

Glycoside hydrolase family 59

Glycosuria, renal

Glycoside hydrolase family 6

Dall, 1908

Glycoside hydrolase family 67

In enzymology, a glycosylceramidase (EC 3.2.1.62) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionglycosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } N-acylsphingosine + a sugarThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine and H2O, whereas its two products are N-acylsphingosine and sugar.This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those glycosidases that hydrolyse O- and S-glycosyl compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase. Other names in common use include phlorizin hydrolase, phloretin-glucosidase, glycosyl ceramide glycosylhydrolase, cerebrosidase, phloridzin beta-glucosidase, lactase-phlorizin hydrolase, and phloridzin glucosidase.

GH65

endoglucanase from humicola insolens at 1.7a resolution

Glyco_hydro_57

Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol

Glycyl-leucine dipeptidase

Glycosphingolipid

Glyco_hydro_17

rhamnogalacturonase a from aspergillus aculeatus

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 67 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 67 includes alpha-glucuronidases, these are components of an ensemble of enzymes central to the recycling of photosynthetic biomass, remove the alpha-1,2 linked 4-O-methyl glucuronic acid from xylans.Members of this family consist of three structural domains. Deletion mutants of alpha-glucuronidase from Bacillus stearothermophilus have indicated that the central region is responsible for the catalytic activity. Within this central domain, the invariant Glu and Asp (residues 391 and 364 respectively from Bacillus stearothermophilus) are thought to form the catalytic centre. The C-terminal region of alpha-glucuronidase is mainly alpha-helical. It wraps around the catalytic domain, making additional interactions both with the N-terminal domain of its parent monomer and also forming the majority of the dimer-surface with the equivalent C-terminal domain of the other monomer of the dimer.

CL0143

Glycoside hydrolase family 44

Glycosulfatase

Glycosylceramidase

Glycyl tRNA synthase

GH16

Glyco_hydro_67M

Glycoside hydrolase family 37

Glycosyl acceptor

DC.

Glycoside hydrolase family 7

Glycosyl hydrolase family 85

Structure of the sialic acid binding site in Newcastle disease virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 38 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 38 CAZY GH_38 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.24) (EC 3.2.1.114).Lysosomal alpha-mannosidase is necessary for the catabolism of N-linked carbohydrates released during glycoprotein turnover. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-mannose residues in alpha-D-mannosides, and can cleave all known types of alpha-mannosidic linkages. Defects in the gene cause lysosomal alpha-mannosidosis (AM), a lysosomal storage disease characterised by the accumulation of unbranched oligo-saccharide chains.A domain, which is found in the central region adopts a structure consisting of three alpha helices, in an immunoglobulin/albumin-binding domain-like fold. The domain is predominantly found in the enzyme alpha-mannosidase.

* G. pentaphylla var. linearifoliolis (Tanaka)

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 79 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 79 includes endo-beta-N-glucuronidase EC 3.2.1.31 and heparanase (CAZY GH_79). Heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play a key role in the self- assembly, insolubility and barrier properties of basement membranes and extracellular matrices. Hence, cleavage of heparan sulphate (HS) affects the integrity and functional state of tissues and thereby fundamental normal and pathological phenomena involving cell migration and response to changes in the extracellular microenvironment. Heparanase degrades HS at specific intrachain sites. The enzyme is synthesized as a latent approximately 65 kDa protein that is processed at the N-terminus into a highly active approximately 50 kDa form. Experimental evidence suggests that heparanase may facilitate both tumour cell invasion and neovascularisation, both critical steps in cancer progression. The enzyme is also involved in cell migration associated with inflammation and autoimmunity.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 43 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 13 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Enzymes containing this domain belong to family 13 (CAZY GH_13) of the glycosyl hydrolases. The maltogenic alpha-amylase is an enzyme which catalyses hydrolysis of (1-4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides so as to remove successive alpha-maltose residues from the non-reducing ends of the chains in the conversion of starch to maltose. Other enzymes in this family include neopullulanase, which hydrolyses pullulan to panose, and cyclomaltodextrinase, which hydrolyses cyclodextrins.

GH46

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 62 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.This is a family of alpha-L-arabinofuranosidases (EC 3.2.1.55) (CAZY GH_62). These enzymes hydrolyze aryl alpha-L-arabinofuranosides and cleaves arabinosyl side chains from arabinoxylan and arabinan.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 49 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 49 is a family of dextranases and isopullulanases. Dextranase hydrolyses alpha-1,6-glycosidic bonds in dextran polymers.

Corrêa

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 66 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 66 CAZY GH_66 includes enzymes with cycloisomaltooligosaccharide glucanotransferase EC 2.4.1.248 and dextranase EC 3.2.1.11 activities.

Glyco_hydro_79n

Glycosyl hydrolase family 14

The shells of large saltwater bittersweet clams in the genus Glycymeris have a special archaeological significance in the southwestern USA, because the shells were used in trade item production by the Hohokam tribe of Amerindians. In this context the shells are known to archeologists as "Glycymeris shells".These Glycymeris shells came from a very large (up to 10 cm) and handsome species, Glycymeris gigantea, which is found in what is now western Mexico, from the Pacific coast of Baja California, throughout the Gulf of California, and from there as far south as Acapulco.The Hohokam people primarily used these large shells to make bracelets and rings; the center of the shell was generally removed immediately after the bivalves were collected, and before transport back to the Hohokam villages in the Gila Basin.There are several scholarly journals which have articles dealing with shell trade in the American Southwest which mention the Glycymeris shell.Finds of Glycymeris have also been made in Europe with finds in Vinča. Glycymeris shells have also been found in the eyes of statuettes found in Ur.

GH71

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 57 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

glycylpeptide N-tetradecanoyltransferase

Glycyl-glycine endopeptidase

Glycoside hydrolase family 4

Glycoside hydrolase family 71

Melibiase

Glycoside hydrolase family 3

Glycymeris, common name the bittersweet clams, is a genus of saltwater clams, marine bivalve molluscs in the family Glycymerididae.

Glyco_hydro_12

October 2017

Glycymeris

Glycosyl hydrolase family 67 middle domain

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 26 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 26 CAZY GH_26 comprises enzymes with two known activities; mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) and β-1,3-xylanase (EC 3.2.1.32).Family 26 encompasses mainly mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidases. Mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase hydrolyses mannan and galactomannan, but displays little activity towards other plant cell wall polysaccharides. The enzyme randomly hydrolyses 1,4-beta-D-linkages in mannans, galacto-mannans, glucomannans and galactoglucomannans.

CL0103

Glycoside hydrolase family 18

structure of endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase a

Glyco_hydro_48

GH77

Glycosylation

Glycosyl-N-acylsphingosine glycohydrolase

Glycosyl hydrolases family 35

Animalia

Crystallographic structure of influenza A N9 neuraminidase and its complex with the inhibitor 2-deoxy 2,3-dehydro-N-acetyl neuraminic acid.

Glycoside hydrolase family 88

Glycrin

Glyco_hydro_38C

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 3 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 4 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 4 CAZY GH_4 comprises enzymes with several known activities; 6-phospho-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.86); 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.122); alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22). 6-phospho-alpha-glucosidase requires both NAD(H) and divalent metal (Mn2+, Fe2+, Co2+, or Ni2+) for activity.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 9

Glyco_hydro_18

Fossil shells of a Glycymeris species from the Upper Pliocene

endoglucanase i complexed with epoxybutyl cellobiose

Glycosyl hydrolase family 79, N-terminal domain

Glycosidic linkage

Glycosyl hydrolases family 2, sugar binding domain

GH98

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 37 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosuria or glucosuria is the excretion of glucose into the urine. Ordinarily, urine contains no glucose because the kidneys are able to reabsorb all of the filtered glucose from the tubular fluid back into the bloodstream. Glycosuria is nearly always caused by elevated blood glucose levels, most commonly due to untreated diabetes mellitus.

G. crassifolia

Glycoside hydrolase family 36

Glycoside hydrolase family 75

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 59 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Lys

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 25 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH52

Family 4 glycosyl hydrolase C-terminal domain

crystal structure of beta-d-xylosidase from thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum, a family 39 glycoside hydrolase

Glyco_hydro_56

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 49 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH36

GH79

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 5 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 56 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 56 CAZY GH_56 includes enzymes with hyaluronidase EC 3.2.1.35 activity. The venom of Apis mellifera (Honeybee) contains several biologically-active peptides and two enzymes, one of which is a hyaluronidase. The amino acid sequence of bee venom hyaluronidase contains 349 amino acids, and includes four cysteines and a number of potential glycosylation sites. The sequence shows a high degree of similarity to PH-20, a membrane protein of mammalian sperm involved in sperm-egg adhesion, supporting the view that hyaluronidases play a role in fertilisation.PH-20 is required for sperm adhesion to the egg zona pellucida; it is located on both the sperm plasma membrane and acrosomal membrane. The amino acid sequence of the mature protein contains 468 amino acids, and includes six potential N-linked glycosylation sites and twelve cysteines, eight of which are tightly clustered near the C-terminus.

glycosulfatase

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 2 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 2 comprises enzymes with several known activities: beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23); beta-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.25); beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31). These enzymes contain a conserved glutamic acid residue which has been shown, in Escherichia coli lacZ (P00722), to be the general acid/base catalyst in the active site of the enzyme.The catalytic domain of Beta-galactosidases have a TIM barrel core surrounded several other largely beta domains. The sugar binding domain of these proteins has a jelly-roll fold. These enzymes also include an immunoglobulin-like beta-sandwich domain.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 20 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycoside hydrolase family 53

Glycylcycline

Glyco_hydro_92

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 73 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 73 CAZY GH_73 includes peptidoglycan hydrolases with endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidase specificity. Members of this family include mannosyl-glycoprotein endo-beta-N-acetylglucosamidase EC 3.2.1.96 and flagellar protein J (flgJ), which has been shown to hydrolyse peptidoglycan.

Glycoside hydrolase family 63

Glycoside hydrolase family 16

GH32

Glycosmis crassifolia

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 83 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 83 CAZY GH_83 includes enzymes with neuraminidase EC 3.2.1. activity.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 80 of chitosanase A

Glyco_hydro_67N

Glyco_hydro_71

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 8 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 8 CAZY GH_8 comprises enzymes with several known activities; endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); lichenase (EC 3.2.1.73); chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132). These enzymes were formerly known as cellulase family D.

structure determination and refinement at 1.8 a resolution of disproportionating enzyme from potato

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 33 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH78

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 9 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosyl hydrolase

Glycoside hydrolase family 52

e. coli beta-galactosidase-trapped 2-deoxy-galactosyl enzyme intermediate

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( pronunciation ), or glycophosphatidylinositol, or GPI in short, is a glycolipid that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification. Proteins containing a GPI anchor play key roles in a wide variety of biological processes.

Glycosyltransferases

Glycosmis superba is a plant of Borneo in the rue and citrus family Rutaceae. The specific epithet superba is from the Latin meaning "splendid", referring to the leaves.

Glycosyl hydrolases family 15

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 30 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 92 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.This domain occurs within alpha-1,2-mannosidases, which remove alpha-1,2-linked mannose residues from Man(9)(GlcNAc)(2) by hydrolysis. They are critical for the maturation of N-linked oligosaccharides and ER-associated degradation.Glycoside hydrolase family 92 includes enzymes with mannosyl-oligosaccharide α-1,2-mannosidase EC 3.2.1.113, mannosyl-oligosaccharide α-1,3-mannosidase EC 3.2.1.-, mannosyl-oligosaccharide α-1,6-mannosidase EC 3.2.1.-, α-mannosidase EC 3.2.1.24, α-1,2-mannosidase EC 3.2.1.-, α-1,3-mannosidase EC 3.2.1.- and α-1,4-mannosidase EC 3.2.1.- activities. It includes enzymes critical for the maturation of N-linked oligosaccharides and ER-associated degradation.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 72 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycoside hydrolase family 12

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 76 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 76 is a family of alpha-1,6-mannanases (EC 3.2.1.101) (CAZY GH_76).

GH26

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 28 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 28 CAZY GH_28 comprises enzymes with several known activities; polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15); exo-polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.67); exo-polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.82); rhamnogalacturonase (EC not defined).Polygalacturonase (PG) (pectinase) catalyzes the random hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-D-galactosiduronic linkages in pectate and other galacturonans. In fruit, polygalacturonase plays an important role in cell wall metabolism during ripening. In plant bacterial pathogens such as Erwinia carotovora or Ralstonia solanacearum (Pseudomonas solanacearum) and fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, polygalacturonase is involved in maceration and soft-rotting of plant tissue. Exo-poly-alpha-D-galacturonosidase (EC 3.2.1.82) (exoPG) hydrolyzes peptic acid from the non-reducing end, releasing digalacturonate. PG and exoPG share a few regions of sequence similarity, and belong to family 28 of the glycosyl hydrolases.

Glycosphingolipids

Glycydendron is a genus of plants, under the family Euphorbiaceae first described as a genus in 1922. It is native to South America.SpeciesGlycydendron amazonicum Ducke - French Guinea, Suriname, Guyana, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, northwestern Brazil, possibly ColombiaGlycydendron espiritosantense Kuhlm, - State of Espirito Santo in Brazil

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 25 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 25 CAZY GH_25 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17). It has been shown that a number of cell-wall lytic enzymes are evolutionary related and can be classified into a single family. Two residues, an aspartate and a glutamate, have been shown to be important for the catalytic activity of the Charalopsis enzyme. These residues as well as some others in their vicinity are conserved in all proteins from this family.

Glycymeris americana

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 78 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 78 CAZY GH_78 includes enzymes with α-L-rhamnosidase EC 3.2.1.40 activity. This family includes bacterial rhamnosidase A and B enzymes. L-Rhamnose is abundant in biomass as a common constituent of glycolipids and glycosides, such as plant pigments, pectic polysaccharides, gums or biosurfactants. Some rhamnosides are important bioactive compounds. For example, terpenyl glycosides, the glycosidic precursor of aromatic terpenoids, act as important flavouring substances in grapes. Other rhamnosides act as cytotoxic rhamnosylated terpenoids, as signal substances in plants or play a role in the antigenicity of pathogenic bacteria.

Glycosyltransferase family 29

crystal structure of a native chitinase from aspergillus fumigatus yj-407

Glycosyl hydrolase family 20, domain 2

Glycyl endopeptidase

Glycoside hydrolase family 65

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 53 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.These enzymes are endo-1,4- beta-galactanases EC 3.2.1.89. The structure of this domain is known and has a TIM barrel fold.

GH76

Glycosyl hydrolases family 31

CL0063

Glycoside hydrolase family 39

Glycosyl hydrolase family 76

Glycosmis oliveri

Glycosylphosphatidyl-inositol

Glycosyl hydrolase family 59

Glyco_hydro_49

Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase C-terminal domain

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 45 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 45 CAZY GH_45 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4). This family is also known as cellulase family K. The best conserved region in these enzymes is located in the N-terminal section. It contains an aspartic acid residue which has been shown to act as a nucleophile in the catalytic mechanism. This also has several cysteines that are involved in forming disulphide bridges.

Glycosyl hydrolases family 38 C-terminal domain

structure of the yici thiosugar michaelis complex

Glycosphingolipids are a subtype of glycolipids containing the amino alcohol sphingosine. They may be considered as sphingolipids with an attached carbohydrate. Glycosphingolipids are a group of lipids (more specifically, sphingolipids) and are a part of the cell membrane. They consist of a hydrophobic ceramide part and a glycosidically bound carbohydrate part. This oligosaccharide content remains on the outside of the cell membrane where it is important for biological processes such as cell adhesion or cell-cell interactions. Glycosphingolipids play also important role in oncogenesis and ontogenesis.

Glycoside hydrolase family 70

crystal structure of levansucrase complexed with sucrose

Glyco_hydro_42M

Glucanosyltransferase

Glycosyl hydrolase family 81

Glycylcyclines

Glycymeris americana, or the American bittersweet, is a species of bivalve mollusc in the family Glycymerididae. It can be found along the Atlantic coast of North America, ranging from Virginia to Texas and Brazil.

Glyco_hydro_2

Glycosmis monticola is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Glycoside hydrolase family 73

* G. arborea var. linearifoliolata (V.Naray.)

crystal structure of the bacterial lysozyme from streptomyces coelicolor at 1.65 a resolution

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 9 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 9 CAZY GH_9 comprises enzymes with several known activities including endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91). These enzymes were formerly known as cellulase family E. Cellulases (Endoglucanases) EC 3.2.1.4 catalyse the endohydrolysis of 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose.

GH44

Glycosyltransferases (GTFs, Gtfs) are enzymes (EC 2.4) that establish natural glycosidic linkages. They catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar (also known as the "glycosyl donor") to a nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor molecule, the nucleophile of which can be oxygen- carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-based.The result of glycosyl transfer can be a carbohydrate, glycoside, oligosaccharide, or a polysaccharide.

Glycosidic Bond

Glyco_hydro_30

Glyco_hydro_44

Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored renal dipeptidase

G. superba

Glycostylida

Glycoside hydrolase family 62

Glycosyl hydrolase family 16

Glycoside hydrolase family 25

Glycylleucine peptidase

Glyco_hydro_43

Glycosyl hydrolases family 18

Glycoside hydrolase family 78

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 68 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycymeris aspersa

Glyco_hydro_42

the refined crystal structure of an endochitinase from hordeum vulgare l. seeds to 1.8 angstroms resolution

GH75

Glycyl alcohol

Glyco_hydro_4

Phage_lysozyme

Glycosylphosphatidylinositols

Glycoside hydrolase family 77

CL0202

NAGLU_C

the 1.7 a crystal structure of alpha-d-glucuronidase, a family-67 glycoside hydrolase from bacillus stearothermophilus t-1

The term Glycosynthase refers to a class of proteins that have been engineered to catalyze the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosynthase are derived from glycosidase enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. They were traditionally formed from retaining glycosidase by mutating the active site nucleophilic amino acid (usually an aspartate or glutamate) to a small non-nucleophilic amino acid (usually alanine or glycine). More modern approaches use directed evolution to screen for amino acid substitutions that enhance glycosynthase activity.

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 19 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 70 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH34

Alpha mannosidase, middle domain

crystal structure at 1.45- resolution of the major allergen endo-beta-1,3-glucanase of banana as a molecular basis for the latex-fruit syndrome

Glyco_hydro_4C

GH25

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 63 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

dex49a from penicillium minioluteum complex with isomaltose

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 80 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 47 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 47 CAZY GH_47 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; alpha-mannosidase (EC 3.2.1.113).Alpha-mannosidase is involved in the maturation of Asn-linked oligosaccharides. The enzyme hydrolyses terminal 1,2-linked alpha-D-mannose residues in the oligo-mannose oligosaccharide man(9)(glcnac)(2) in a calcium-dependent manner. The mannose residues are trimmed away to produce, first, man(8)glcnac(2), then a man(5)(glcnac)(2) structure.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 22 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosmis macrantha

Glycoside hydrolase family 46

CL0268

GH7

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 89 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 89 CAZY GH_89 includes enzymes with α-N-acetylglucosaminidase EC 3.2.1.50 activity. The enzyme consist of three structural domains, the N-terminal domain has an alpha-beta fold, the central domain has a TIM barrel fold, and the C-terminal domain has an all alpha helical fold.Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase is a lysosomal enzyme required for the stepwise degradation of heparan sulphate. Mutations on the alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU) gene can lead to Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIB (MPS IIIB; or Sanfilippo syndrome type B) characterised by neurological dysfunction but relatively mild somatic manifestations.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 71

Glycovex

Beta-galactosidase

Alpha_L_fucos
crystal structure of thermotoga maritima alpha-fucosidase

Glycosyl halide

Glycosyl hydrolases family 32 N-terminal domain

R81
ICD9 =

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 46 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosyltransferase DesVII
Glycosyltransferase DesVII (EC 2.4.1.277, DesVII) is an enzyme with systematic name dTDP-3-dimethylamino-3,4,6-trideoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranose:10-deoxymethynolide 3-dimethylamino-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-glucosyltransferase.

Alpha-L-fucosidase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 80 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 80 CAZY GH_80 includes enzymes with chitosanase EC 3.2.1.132 activity.

Glycosphingolipid amidohydrolase

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 16 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.y[ _]9Glycoside hydrolase family 16 CAZY GH_16 comprises enzymes with a number of known activities; lichenase (EC 3.2.1.73); xyloglucan xyloglucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.207); agarase (EC 3.2.1.81); kappa-carrageenase (EC 3.2.1.83); endo-beta-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.39); endo-beta-1,3-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6); endo-beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.103).

Glycoside hydrolase family 47

Glycoxylon

Glycoside hydrolase family 97

Glycoside hydrolase family 2

InternetArchiveBot

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 32 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 33 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.This family contains sialidases (CAZY GH_33), which hydrolyse alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)-glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates. Sialidases may act as pathogenic factors in microbial infections. The 1.8 A structure of trans-sialidase from leech (Macrobdella decora, Q27701) in complex with 2-deoxy-2, 3-didehydro-NeuAc was solved. The refined model comprising residues 81-769 has a catalytic beta-propeller domain, a N-terminal lectin-like domain and an irregular beta-stranded domain inserted into the catalytic domain.

Glycosynthase

GH49

Glycosyl hydrolase family 12

Glycosynthases

Levansucrase/Invertase

Glycosmis is a genus of flowering plants in the citrus family, Rutaceae. It is in the subfamily Aurantioideae, which also includes genus Citrus. It is a genus of the subtribe Clauseninae, which are known technically as the remote citroid fruit trees.The distribution of the genus includes Southeast Asia and Australia.
Species

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 14 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH48

GH12

GH4

human beta-glucuronidase at 2.6 a resolution

crystal structure of rice alpha-galactosidase

Glycosylation end products, advanced

G. perakensis

Glycosyl hydrolase family 62

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 7 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glyco_hydro_32C

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase D

In enzymology, a glycosulfatase (EC 3.1.6.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionD-glucose 6-sulfate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-glucose + sulfateThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-glucose 6-sulfate and H2O, whereas its two products are D-glucose and sulfate.This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on sulfuric ester bonds.

Glycoside hydrolase family 57

Glycoside hydrolase family 26

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 47 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glyco_hydro_77

crystal structure of thermus thermophilus a4 beta-galactosidase

Glycosyl hydrolase family 98

Glycosmis monticola

Glycoside hydrolase family 27

Hyaluronidase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 73 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycotuss

Glyco_hydro_20

Glycylleucine dipeptide hydrolase

Glycosyl hydrolase family 20, catalytic domain

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 89 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH85

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 12 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 12 CAZY GH_12 comprises enzymes with the following activities: endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4), xyloglucan hydrolase (EC 3.2.1.151), β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.73) and xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (EC 3.2.1.207). These enzymes were formerly known as cellulase family H.

Glycoside hydrolase family 72

CL0158

Glycoside hydrolase family 20

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 36 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH37

GH20

G. americana

Narayanaswamy

Glycoside hydrolase family 8

Glycymeris aspersa, common name the clothed bittersweet, is a species of saltwater clam, a marine bivalve mollusc in the family Glycymerididae, the bittersweets.

Glyco_hydro_80

GH24

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 63 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycosyl hydrolase family 63 (CAZY GH_63) is a family of eukaryotic enzymes. They catalyse the specific cleavage of the non-reducing terminal glucose residue from Glc(3)Man(9)GlcNAc(2). Mannosyl oligosaccharide glucosidase EC 3.2.1.106 is the first enzyme in the N-linked oligosaccharide processing pathway.

Glycyl

Glycosyl hydrolases family 38 N-terminal domain

glycosylceramidase

Glyco_hydro_3

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 38 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

x-tal structure of the mutant e44q of the cellulase cel48f in complex with a thiooligosaccharide

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 16 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

crystal structure of beta-1,4-galactanase from aspergillus aculeatus at 100k

Glycosmis pentaphylla is a species of flowering plant in the citrus family, Rutaceae, known commonly as orangeberry and gin berry. It occurs in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. It is cultivated for its edible pink fruits. In temperate zones, it can be cultivated indoors as a houseplant.

Sialidase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 75 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycoside hydrolase family 68

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 71 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH63

Glucosaminidase

Structure of the 6-phospho-beta glucosidase from Thermotoga maritima at 2.55 angstrom resolution in the tetragonal form with manganese, NAD+ and glucose-6-phosphate

In enzymology, a glycosylphosphatidylinositol diacylglycerol-lyase (EC 4.6.1.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate + 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerolHence, this enzyme has one substrate, 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1-phosphatidyl-1D-myo-inositol, and two products, 6-(alpha-D-glucosaminyl)-1D-myo-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate and 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol.This enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the class of phosphorus-oxygen lyases.

Glycosmis tomentella is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 98 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Members of glycoside hydrolase family 98 have endo-β-galactosidase activity. This family includes E-ABase from Clostridium perfringens which cleaves both blood group A and B glycotopes.The putative catalytic domain is found to the N-terminus of a second domain, which is not expected to form part of the catalytic activity.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 46 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 46 CAZY GH_46 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; chitosanase (EC 3.2.1.132). Chitosanase enzymes catalyse the endohydrolysis of beta-1,4-linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and D-glucosamine residues in a partly acetylated chitosan.

Glyco_hydro_76

Glycoside hydrolase family 29

Glycyl endopeptidase (EC 3.4.22.25, papaya peptidase B, papaya proteinase IV, glycine-specific proteinase, chymopapain, Papaya proteinase 4, PPIV, chymopapain M) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reactionPreferential cleavage: Gly-, in proteins and small molecule substratesThis enzyme is isolated from the papaya plant, Carica papaya.

Glycosphingolipid ceramide deacylase

Glycosmis crassifolia is a species of plant in the Rutaceae family. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss.

Glycoside hydrolase 97

The term Glycosynthase refers to a class of proteins that have been engineered to catalyze the formation of a glycosidic bond. Glycosynthase are derived from glycosidase enzymes, which catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds. They were traditionally formed from retaining glycosidase by mutating the active site nucleophilic amino acid (usually an aspartate or glutamate) to a small non-nucleophilic amino acid (usually alanine or glycine).

Glycosyl hydrolase family 65, N-terminal domain

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 59 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 59 CAZY GH_59 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; galactocerebrosidase (EC 3.2.1.46). Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease) is a severe, autosomal recessive disorder that results from deficiency of galactocerebrosidase (GALC) activity. GALC is responsible for the lysosomal catabolism of certain galactolipids, including galactosylceramide and psychosine.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 88 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosidic bonds

* Pectunculusaspersus Adams & Reeve, 1850

One valve of a shell of Tucetona laticostata

Glycyl-L-leucine dipeptidase

GH22

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 97 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 97 (GH97) is a bacterial family. The central part of the GH97 family protein sequences represents a typical and complete (beta/alpha)8-barrel or catalytic TIM-barrel type domain. The N- and C-terminal parts of the sequences, mainly consisting of beta-strands, most probably form two additional non-catalytic domains with as yet unknown functions. The non-catalytic domains of glycosidases from the alpha-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase superfamilies are also predominantly composed of beta-strands, and at least some of these domains are involved in oligomerisation and carbohydrate binding. In all known glycosidases with the (beta-alpha)8-barrel fold, the amino acid residues at the active site are located on the C-termini of the beta-strands.

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 17 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

G. monticola

G. aspersa

Glycoside hydrolase, family 17

G. longisepala

Glyco_hydro_2_N

Glyco_hydro_66

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 18 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Some members of this family, CAZY GH_18, belong to the chitinase class II group which includes chitinase, chitodextrinase and the killer toxin of Kluyveromyces lactis. The chitinases hydrolyse chitin oligosaccharides. Another chitinase II member is the novel gene Chitinase domain-containing protein 1. The family also includes various glycoproteins from mammals; cartilage glycoprotein and the oviduct-specific glycoproteins are two examples.

Alpha amylase, N-terminal ig-like domain

Glycoside hydrolase family 32

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 92 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH8

GH39

Glyco_hydro_42C

Glycoside hydrolase family 34

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 18 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

crystal structure of bt1871 retaining glycosidase

Glycoside hydrolase family 66

Glyco_hydro_31

Glycosyl hydrolase family 66

Glycyl-L-leucine peptidase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 56 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 29 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 29 includes alpha-L-fucosidases, They are lysosomal enzymes responsible for hydrolyzing the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins. Alpha-L-fucosidase is responsible for hydrolysing the alpha-1,6-linked fucose joined to the reducing-end N-acetylglucosamine of the carbohydrate moieties of glycoproteins.Fucosylated glycoconjugates are involved in numerous biological events, making alpha-l-fucosidases, the enzymes responsible for their processing, critically important. Deficiency in alpha-l-fucosidase activity is associated with fucosidosis, a lysosomal storage disorder characterised by rapid neurodegeneration, resulting in severe mental and motor deterioration. The enzyme is a hexamer and displays a two-domain fold, composed of a catalytic (beta/alpha)(8)-like domain and a C-terminal beta-sandwich domain.Drosophila melanogaster spermatozoa contains an alpha-l-fucosidase that might be involved in fertilisation by interacting with alpha-l-fucose residues on the micropyle of the eggshell. In human sperm, membrane-associated alpha-l-fucosidase is stable for extended periods of time, which is made possible by membrane domains and compartmentalisation. These help preserve protein integrity.

Glycoside hydrolase family 28

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 62 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH66

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 22 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 22 CAZY GH_22 comprises lysozyme type C (EC 3.2.1.17) lysozyme type i (EC 3.2.1.17) and alpha-lactalbumins. Asp and/or the carbonyl oxygen of the C-2 acetamido group of the substrate acts as the catalytic nucleophile/base.Alpha-lactalbumin, is a milk protein that acts as the regulatory subunit of lactose synthetase, acting to promote the conversion of galactosyltransferase to lactose synthase, which is essential for milk production. In the mammary gland, alpha-lactalbumin changes the substrate specificity of galactosyltransferase from N-acetylglucosamine to glucose.Lysozymes act as bacteriolytic enzymes by hydrolyzing the beta(1->4) bonds between N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in the peptidoglycan of prokaryotic cell walls. It has also been recruited for a digestive role in certain ruminants and colobine monkeys. There are at least five different classes of lysozymes: C (chicken type), G (goose type), phage-type (T4), fungi (Chalaropsis), and bacterial (Bacillus subtilis). There are few similarities in the sequences of the different types of lysozymes.Lysozyme type C and alpha-lactalbumin are similar both in terms of primary sequence and structure, and probably evolved from a common ancestral protein. Around 35 to 40% of the residues are conserved in both proteins as well as the positions of the four disulphide bonds. There is, however, no similarity in function. Another significant difference between the two enzymes is that all lactalbumins have the ability to bind calcium, while this property is restricted to only a few lysozymes.The binding site was deduced using high resolution X-ray structure analysis and was shown to consist of three aspartic acid residues. It was first suggested that calcium bound to lactalbumin stabilised the structure, but recently it has been claimed that calcium controls the release of lactalbumin from the golgi membrane and that the pattern of ion binding may also affect the catalytic properties of the lactose synthetase complex.

Glyco_hydro_72

Glycyl—tRNA synthetase

CL0341

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 32 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Family 32 glycosyl hydrolases comprise two distinct domains. The N-terminal domain, which forms a five bladed beta propeller, and the C-terminal domain, which forms a beta sandwich structure.

GH42

Glycosylase

Alpha-amylase catalytic domain

Glycoside hydrolase family 35

Glyco_hydro_88

NAGLU_N

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol

crystal structure of barley beta-d-glucan glucohydrolase isoenzyme exo1

Glycosome

Glycymeris aspersa shell sample collected in Japan also, as displayed in NBC Naturalis - Leiden, Netherland.

Glycoside hydrolase family 49

Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase tim-barrel domain

Alpha-amylase_N

pseudomonas cellulosa e292a alpha-d-glucuronidase mutant complexed with aldotriuronic acid

GH13

Glyco_hydro_32N

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 4 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

C-type lysozyme/alpha-lactalbumin family

Glycoside hydrolase family 15

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 45 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosyl hydrolases family 2

Glycosyl donor

Glycosyl hydrolase family 65, C-terminal domain

CL0434

beta-amylase from bacillus cereus var. mycoides in complex with maltose

In enzymology, a glycosulfatase (EC 3.1.6.3) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reactionD-glucose 6-sulfate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } D-glucose + sulfateThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are D-glucose 6-sulfate and H2O, whereas its two products are D-glucose and sulfate.This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on sulfuric ester bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is sugar-sulfate sulfohydrolase. This enzyme is also called glucosulfatase. This enzyme participates in glycolysis / gluconeogenesis.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 47

Glyco_hydro_45

Glycosyl hydrolase family 67 N-terminus

Naturalis Biodiversity Center - RMNH.MOL.316014 - Glycymeris aspersa - Glycymerididae - Mollusc shell.jpeg

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 76 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycoside hydrolase family 42

GH43

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 98 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 53 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 35 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 26

GH67

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 2 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

CL0199

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 83 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 39 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycoside hydrolase family 13

Glycosyl hydrolases family 8

Glycoside hydrolase family 48

crystallographic structure of human beta-hexosaminidase a

Beta-galactosidase trimerisation domain

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 65 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 42 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.The glycosyl hydrolase 42 family CAZY GH_42 comprises beta-galactosidase enzymes (EC 3.2.1.23). These enzyme catalyse the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing terminal beta-D-galactoside residues. The middle domain of these three-domain enzymes is involved in trimerisation.

Alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase N-terminal domain

The glycosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle that contains the glycolytic enzymes. The term was first used by Scott and Still in 1968 after they realized that the glycogen in the cell was not static but rather a dynamic molecule. It is found in a few species of protozoa including the Kinetoplastida which included the suborders Trypanosomatina and Bodonina, most notably in the human pathogenic trypanosomes, which can cause sleeping sickness and Chagas's disease, and leishmaniasis.

Phage lysozyme

Glycosmis superba

Glyco_hydro_68

Glycoside hydrolase family 79

GH9

Glyco_hydro_8

Glycosylated haemoglobin

Glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol

Glyco_hydro_38

* Myxospermum chylocarpum (Wight & Arn.) M.Roem.)

Glycoside hydrolase family 19

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol ( pronunciation ), or glycophosphatidylinositol, or GPI in short, is a glycolipid that can be attached to the C-terminus of a protein during posttranslational modification. Proteins containing a GPI anchor play key roles in a wide variety of biological processes. It is composed of a phosphatidylinositol group linked through a carbohydrate-containing linker (glucosamine and mannose glycosidically bound to the inositol residue) and via an ethanolamine phosphate (EtNP) bridge to the C-terminal amino acid of a mature protein. The two fatty acids within the hydrophobic phosphatidyl-inositol group anchor the protein to the cell membrane.Glypiated (GPI-linked) proteins contain a signal sequence, thus directing them to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The protein is co-translationally inserted in the ER membrane via a translocon and is attached to the ER membrane by its hydrophobic C terminus; the majority of the protein extends into the ER lumen. The hydrophobic C-terminal sequence is then cleaved off and replaced by the GPI-anchor. As the protein processes through the secretory pathway, it is transferred via vesicles to the Golgi apparatus and finally to the plasma membrane where it remains attached to a leaflet of the cell membrane. Since the glypiation is the sole means of attachment of such proteins to the membrane, cleavage of the group by phospholipases will result in controlled release of the protein from the membrane. The latter mechanism is used in vitro; i.e., the membrane proteins released from the membranes in the enzymatic assay are glypiated protein.Phospholipase C (PLC) is an enzyme that is known to cleave the phospho-glycerol bond found in GPI-anchored proteins. Treatment with PLC will cause release of GPI-linked proteins from the outer cell membrane. The T-cell marker Thy-1 and acetylcholinesterase, as well as both intestinal and placental alkaline phosphatases, are known to be GPI-linked and are released by treatment with PLC. GPI-linked proteins are thought to be preferentially located in lipid rafts, suggesting a high level of organization within plasma membrane microdomains.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 27 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycoside hydrolase family 9

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 27 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 27 together with family 31 and the family 36 alpha-galactosidases form the glycosyl hydrolase clan GH-D, a superfamily of alpha-galactosidases, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidases, and isomaltodextranases which are likely to share a common catalytic mechanism and structural topology.Alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) (melibiase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of melibiose into galactose and glucose. In man, the deficiency of this enzyme is the cause of Fabry's disease (X-linked sphingolipidosis). Alpha-galactosidase is present in a variety of organisms. There is a considerable degree of similarity in the sequence of alpha-galactosidase from various eukaryotic species. Escherichia coli alpha-galactosidase (gene melA), which requires NAD and magnesium as cofactors, is not structurally related to the eukaryotic enzymes; by contrast, an Escherichia coli plasmid encoded alpha-galactosidase (gene rafA P16551) contains a region of about 50 amino acids which is similar to a domain of the eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases. Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49) catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D- galactosaminides. In man, the deficiency of this enzyme is the cause of Schindler and Kanzaki diseases. The sequence of this enzyme is highly related to that of the eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 81 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 81 is a family of eukaryotic beta-1,3-glucanases EC 3.2.1.39 (CAZY GH_81).

Glycosidic

family 89 glycoside hydrolase from clostridium perfringens in complex with 2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxynojirmycin

Glycosylate

Glycosphingolipid beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 24 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 24 CAZY GH_24 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; lysozyme (EC 3.2.1.17). This family includes lambda phage lysozyme and Escherichia coli endolysin. Lysozyme helps to release mature phage particles from the cell wall by breaking down the peptidoglycan. The enzyme hydrolyses the 1,4-beta linkages between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid in peptidoglycan heteropolymers of prokaryotic cell walls. E. coli endolysin also functions in bacterial cell lysis and acts as a transglycosylase. The T4 lysozyme structure contains 2 domains, the interface between which forms the active-site cleft. The N-terminus of the 2 domains undergoes a 'hinge-bending' motion about an axis passing through the molecular waist. This mobility is thought to be important in allowing access of substrates to the enzyme active site.

A glycosyl acceptor: is any suitable nucleophile-containing molecule that will react with a glycosyl donor to form a new glycosidic bond. By convention, the acceptor is the member of this pair which did not contain the resulting anomeric carbon of the new glycosidic bond. Since the nucleophilic atom of the acceptor is typically an oxygen atom, this can be remembered using the mnemonic of the acceptor is the alcohol. A glycosyl acceptor can be a mono- or oligosaccharide that contains an available nucleophile, such as an unprotected hydroxyl.

Bacterial alpha-L-rhamnosidase

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 14 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 14 CAZY GH_14 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2). A Glu residue has been proposed as a catalytic residue, but it is not known if it is the nucleophile or the proton donor. Beta-amylase is an enzyme that hydrolyzes 1,4-alpha-glucosidic linkages in starch-type polysaccharide substrates so as to remove successive maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. Beta-amylase is present in certain bacteria as well as in plants.Three highly conserved sequence regions are found in all known beta-amylases. The first of these regions is located in the N-terminal section of the enzymes and contains an aspartate which is known to be involved in the catalytic mechanism. The second, located in a more central location, is centred on a glutamate which is also involved in the catalytic mechanism.The 3D structure of a complex of soybean beta-amylase with an inhibitor (alpha-cyclodextrin) has been determined to 3.0A resolution by X-ray diffraction. The enzyme folds into large and small domains: the large domain has a (beta alpha)8 super-secondary structural core, while the smaller is formed from two long loops extending from the beta-3 and beta-4 strands of the (beta alpha)8 fold. The interface of the two domains, together with shorter loops from the (beta alpha)8 core, form a deep cleft, in which the inhibitor binds. Two maltose molecules also bind in the cleft, one sharing a binding site with alpha-cyclodextrin, and the other sitting more deeply in the cleft.

GH28

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 34 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

CL0014

Glycosyl hydrolase family 3 N terminal domain

Glycosylation Type Two

Glyco_hydro_63

GH27

Glycosyl hydrolase family 98 C-terminal domain

Family 4 glycosyl hydrolase

Glycosyl hydrolase family 7

Glycosyltransferases (GTFs, Gtfs) are enzymes (EC 2.4) that establish natural glycosidic linkages. They catalyze the transfer of saccharide moieties from an activated nucleotide sugar (also known as the "glycosyl donor") to a nucleophilic glycosyl acceptor molecule, the nucleophile of which can be oxygen- carbon-, nitrogen-, or sulfur-based.The result of glycosyl transfer can be a carbohydrate, glycoside, oligosaccharide, or a polysaccharide. Some glycosyltransferases catalyse transfer to inorganic phosphate or water. Glycosyl transfer can also occur to protein residues, usually to tyrosine, serine, or threonine to give O-linked glycoproteins, or to asparagine to give N-linked glycoproteins. Mannosyl groups may be transferred to tryptophan to generate C-mannosyl tryptophan, which is relatively abundant in eukaryotes. Transferases may also use lipids as an acceptor, forming glycolipids, and even use lipid-linked sugar phosphate donors, such as dolichol phosphates.Glycosyltransferases that use sugar nucleotide donors are Leloir enzymes, after Luis F. Leloir, the scientist who discovered the first sugar nucleotide and who received the 1970 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on carbohydrate metabolism. Glycosyltransferases that use non-nucleotide donors such as dolichol or polyprenol pyrophosphate are non-Leloir glycosyltransferases.Mammals use only 9 sugar nucleotide donors for glycosyltransferases: UDP-glucose, UDP-galactose, UDP-GlcNAc, UDP-GalNAc, UDP-xylose, UDP-glucuronic acid, GDP-mannose, GDP-fucose, and CMP-sialic acid. The phosphate(s) of these donor molecules are usually coordinated by divalent cations such as manganese, however metal independent enzymes exist.

Beta-galactosidase C-terminal domain

Glyco_hydro_47

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 34 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 34 CAZY GH_34 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; sialidase or neuraminidase EC 3.2.1.18. Neuraminidases cleave the terminal sialic acid residues from carbohydrate chains in glycoproteins. Sialic acid is a negatively charged sugar associated with the protein and lipid portions of lipoproteins. In Influenza virus, neuraminidases prevent self-aggregation by removing the carbohydrate from the viral envelope thus facilitating the mobility of the virus to and from the site of infection. Antiviral agents that inhibit influenza viral neuraminidase activity are of major importance in the control of influenza.

crystal structure of uncharacterized conserved protein from thermus thermophilus hb8

Glyco_hydro_59

GH19

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 81 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

GH92

The glycosome is a membrane-enclosed organelle that contains the glycolytic enzymes. The term was first used by Scott and Still in 1968 after they realized that the glycogen in the cell was not static but rather a dynamic molecule. It is found in a few species of protozoa including the Kinetoplastida which included the suborders Trypanosomatina and Bodonina, most notably in the human pathogenic trypanosomes, which can cause sleeping sickness and Chagas's disease, and leishmaniasis. The organelle is bounded by a single membrane and contains a dense proteinaceous matrix. It is believed to have evolved from the peroxisome. This has been verified by work done on Leishmania genetics.The glycosome is currently being researched as a possible target for drug therapies.Glycosomes are unique to kinetoplastids. The term glycosome is also used for glycogen-containing structures found in hepatocytes responsible for storing sugar, but these are not membrane bound organelles.

Glycoside hydrolase family 22

Shell of Glycymeris aspersa from Japan at the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano

Glycoside hydrolase family 81

GH62

A glycosyl donor is a carbohydrate mono- or oligosaccharide that will react with a suitable glycosyl acceptor to form a new glycosidic bond. By convention, the donor is the member of this pair that contains the resulting anomeric carbon of the new glycosidic bond. The resulting reaction is referred to as a glycosylation or chemical glycosylation.In a glycosyl donor, a leaving group is required at the anomeric position.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 20 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 20 CAZY GH_20 comprises enzymes with several known activities; beta-hexosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.52); lacto-N-biosidase (EC 3.2.1.140). Carbonyl oxygen of the C-2 acetamido group of the substrate acts as the catalytic nucleophile/base in this family of enzymes.In the brain and other tissues, beta-hexosaminidase A degrades GM2 gangliosides; specifically, the enzyme hydrolyses terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-hexosamine residues in N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminides. There are 3 forms of beta-hexosaminidase: hexosaminidase A is a trimer, with one alpha, one beta-A and one beta-B chain; hexosaminidase B is a tetramer of two beta-A and two beta-B chains; and hexosaminidase S is a homodimer of alpha chains. The two beta chains are derived from the cleavage of a precursor. Mutations in the beta-chain lead to Sandhoff disease, a lysosomal storage disorder characterised by accumulation of GM2 ganglioside.

comparison of family 12 glycoside hydrolases and recruited substitutions important for thermal stability

Glyco_hydro_62

GH89

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 36 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 36 together with family 31 and family 27 alpha-galactosidases form the glycosyl hydrolase clan GH-D, a superfamily of alpha-galactosidases, alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidases, and isomaltodextranases which are likely to share a common catalytic mechanism and structural topology.Alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22) (melibiase) catalyzes the hydrolysis of melibiose into galactose and glucose. In man, the deficiency of this enzyme is the cause of Fabry's disease (X-linked sphingolipidosis). Alpha-galactosidase is present in a variety of organisms. There is a considerable degree of similarity in the sequence of alpha-galactosidase from various eukaryotic species. Escherichia coli alpha-galactosidase (gene melA), which requires NAD and magnesium as cofactors, is not structurally related to the eukaryotic enzymes; by contrast, an Escherichia coli plasmid encoded alpha-galactosidase (gene rafA P16551) contains a region of about 50 amino acids which is similar to a domain of the eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases. Alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase (EC 3.2.1.49) catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing N-acetyl-D-galactosamine residues in N-acetyl-alpha-D- galactosaminides. In man, the deficiency of this enzyme is the cause of Schindler and Kanzaki diseases. The sequence of this enzyme is highly related to that of the eukaryotic alpha-galactosidases.This family also includes raffinose synthase proteins, also known as seed inhibition (Sip1) proteins. Raffinose (O-alpha- D-galactopyranosyl- (1-->6)- O-alpha- D-glucopyranosyl-(1<-->2)- O-beta- D-fructofuranoside) is a widespread oligosaccharide in plant seeds and other tissues. Raffinose synthase EC 2.4.1.82 is the key enzyme that channels sucrose into the raffinose oligosaccharide pathway.Glycoside hydrolase family 36 also includes enzymes with α-N-acetylgalactosaminidase EC 3.2.1.49 and stachyose synthase EC 2.4.1.67 activities.Glycoside hydrolase family 36 can be subdivided into 11 families, GH36A to GH36K.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 57

NAGLU

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 48 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 48 CAZY GH_48 comprises enzymes with several known activities; endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91).An example of an enzyme containing a domain belonging to this family is one of the cellulases (celA) from the genome of the thermophilic anaerobic bacterium Caldocellum saccharolyticum. The celA gene product is a polypeptide of 1751 amino acids; this has a multidomain structure comprising two catalytic domains and two cellulose-binding domains, linked by Pro-Thr-rich regions. The N-terminal domain encodes an endoglucanase activity on carboxymethylcellulose, consistent with its similarity to several endo-1, 4-beta-D-glucanase sequences, and is a member of the glycoside hydrolase family 9. The C-terminal domain belongs to this family shows similarity to a cellulase from Clostridium thermocellum (CelS), which acts synergistically with a second component to hydrolyse crystalline cellulose.

Glyco_hydro_16

Glycosyl hydrolase family 92

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 15 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.y[ _]9Glycoside hydrolase family 15 CAZY GH_15 comprises enzymes with several known activities; glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3); alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20); glucodextranase (EC 3.2.1.70).Glucoamylase (GA) catalyses the release of D-glucose from the non-reducing ends of starch and other oligo- or poly-saccharides. Studies of fungal GA have indicated 3 closely clustered acidic residues that play a role in the catalytic mechanism. This region is also conserved in a recently sequenced bacterial GA.The 3D structure of the pseudo-tetrasaccharide acarbose complexed with glucoamylase II(471) from Aspergillus awamori var. X100 has been determined to 2.4A resolution. The protein belongs to the mainly alpha class, and contains 19 helices and 9 strands.

Neur

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 75 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 75 CAZY GH_75 includes enzymes with chitosanase EC 3.2.1.132 activity. This family includes several fungal chitosanase proteins. Chitin, xylan, 6-O-sulphated chitosan and O-carboxymethyl chitin are indigestible by chitosanase.

GH14

GH31

O-Glycosyl hydrolase family 30

Glycosmis macrantha is a tree of Borneo in the rue and citrus family Rutaceae. The specific epithet macrantha is from the Greek meaning "large flower".

crystal structure of peptidoglycan hydrolase from sphingomonas sp. a1

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 72 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.This family includes yeast glycolipid proteins anchored to the membrane. It includes Candida albicans pH-regulated protein, which is required for apical growth and plays a role in morphogenesis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae glycolipid anchored surface protein.

streptomyces n174 chitosanase ph5.5 298k

golgi alpha-mannosidase ii

Glycosyl hydrolase family 3 C-terminal domain

GH53

GH35

Glycosyl hydrolases family 25

wildtype streptomyces plicatus beta-hexosaminidase in complex with product

GH80

GH68

yes

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 65 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.This family of glycosyl hydrolases (CAZY GH_65) includes vacuolar acid trehalase and maltose phosphorylases. Maltose phosphorylase (MP) is a dimeric enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of maltose and inorganic phosphate into beta-D-glucose-1-phosphate and glucose.It consists of three structural domains. The C-terminal domain forms a two layered jelly roll motif. This domain is situated at the base of the catalytic domain, however its function remains unknown. The central domain is the catalytic domain, which binds a phosphate ion that is proximal the highly conserved Glu. The arrangement of the phosphate and the glutamate is thought to cause nucleophilic attack on the anomeric carbon atom. The catalytic domain also forms the majority of the dimerisation interface. The N-terminal domain is believed to be essential for catalytic activity although its precise function remains unknown.

Glycosyl hydrolase family 1

Glyco_hydro_3_C

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 7 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 7 CAZY GH_7 comprises enzymes with several known activities including endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4) and cellobiohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.91). These enzymes were formerly known as cellulase family C.Exoglucanases and cellobiohydrolases play a role in the conversion of cellulose to glucose by cutting the disaccharide cellobiose from the non-reducing end of the cellulose polymer chain. Structurally, cellulases and xylanases frequently consist of a catalytic domain joined to a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) via a linker region that is rich in proline and/or hydroxy-amino acids. In type I exoglucanases, the CBD domain is found at the C-terminal extremity of these enzyme (this short domain forms a hairpin loop structure stabilised by 2 disulphide bridges).

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 57 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 57 CAZY GH_57 comprises enzymes with several known activities; alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1), 4-alpha-glucanotransferase (EC 2.4.1.25), α-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); amylopullulanase (EC 3.2.1.41); branching enzyme (EC 2.4.1.18). It includes a thermostable alpha-amylase with a broad substrate specificity from the archaebacterium Pyrococcus furiosus.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 44 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 13 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 85 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosyl hydrolases family 2, TIM barrel domain

Glyco_hydro_35

Alpha-mann_mid

Glycosyl hydrolases family 6

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 17 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.y[ _]9 Glycoside hydrolase family 17 CAZY GH_17 comprises enzymes with several known activities; endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.39); lichenase (EC 3.2.1.73); exo-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.58). Currently these enzymes have only been found in plants and in fungi.

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 15 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glyco_hydro_39

Glyco_hydro_75

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 30 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 30 CAZY GH_30 includes the mammalian glucosylceramidases. Human acid beta-glucosidase (D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase), cleaves the glucosidic bonds of glucosylceramide and synthetic beta-glucosides. Any one of over 50 different mutations in the gene of glucocerebrosidase have been found to affect activity of this hydrolase, producing variants of Gaucher disease, the most prevalent lysosomal storage disease.
Structure of a xylanase from glycoside hydrolase family 5.

Glycosylations

GH29

Genera

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 78 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

crystal structure of thermoactinomyces vulgaris r-47 alpha-amylase 1 mutant d356n/e396q complexed with p2, a pullulan model oligosaccharide

Glyco_hydro_28

Glycoside hydrolase family 89

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 29 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycoside hydrolase family 30

Glycosides

bobwhite quail lysozyme

Glyco_hydro_97

Glycosyl hydrolases family 19

Glycoside hydrolase family 83

Glycyl-L-leucine hydrolase

GH6

Glycosyl hydrolases family 39

* Bursera nitida (Fern.-Vill.)
* Chionotria monogyna (Walp.)
* C. rigida (Jack)
* Glycosmis arborea ( DC.)
* G. arborea var. linearifoliolata (V.Naray.)
* G. chylocarpa (Wight & Arn.)
* G. madagascariensis (Corrêa ex Risso)
* G. pentaphylla ( Corrêa)
* G. pentaphylla var. linearifoliolis (Tanaka)
* G. quinquefolia (Griff.)
* G. retzii (M.Roem.)
* G. rigida ( Merr.)
* Limonia arborea (Roxb.)
* L. pentaphylla (Retz.)
* Marignia nitida (Turcz.)
* Murraya cerasiformis (Blanco)
* Myxospermum chylocarpum ( M.Roem.)
* Sclerostylis macrophylla (Blume)

Glycoside hydrolase family 31

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 5 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 5 CAZY GH_5 comprises enzymes with several known activities including endoglucanase (EC 3.2.1.4); beta-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78); exo-1,3-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.58); endo-1,6-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.75); xylanase (EC 3.2.1.8); endoglycoceramidase (EC 3.2.1.123).The microbial degradation of cellulose and xylans requires several types of enzymes. Fungi and bacteria produces a spectrum of cellulolytic enzymes (cellulases) and xylanases which, on the basis of sequence similarities, can be classified into families. One of these families is known as the cellulase family A or as the glycosyl hydrolases family 5. One of the conserved regions in this family contains a conserved glutamic acid residue which is potentially involved in the catalytic mechanism.In a recent study using Molecular Dynamics simulations, a considerable correlation between thermal stability and structural rigidity of members of family 5 with solved structures has been proved.

GH56

Glyco_hydro_2_C

Fungal chitosanase of glycosyl hydrolase group 75

Sialidase, N-terminal domain

GH81

Glyco_hydro_98M

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 28 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families.

Glycosyltransferase

In molecular biology, glycoside hydrolase family 31 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.Glycoside hydrolase family 31 CAZY GH_31 comprises enzymes with several known activities; alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20), alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22); glucoamylase (EC 3.2.1.3), sucrase-isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.48) (EC 3.2.1.10); alpha-xylosidase (EC 3.2.1); alpha-glucan lyase (EC 4.2.2.13).Glycoside hydrolase family 31 groups a number of glycosyl hydrolases on the basis of sequence similarities An aspartic acid has been implicated in the catalytic activity of sucrase, isomaltase, and lysosomal alpha-glucosidase.

A glycosyl acceptor: is any suitable nucleophile-containing molecule that will react with a glycosyl donor to form a new glycosidic bond. By convention, the acceptor is the member of this pair which did not contain the resulting anomeric carbon of the new glycosidic bond. Since the nucleophilic atom of the acceptor is typically an oxygen atom, this can be remembered using the mnemonic of the acceptor is the alcohol.

Glycoside hydrolase family 43

GH17

In molecular biology, Glycoside hydrolase family 19 is a family of glycoside hydrolases.Glycoside hydrolases EC 3.2.1. are a widespread group of enzymes that hydrolyse the glycosidic bond between two or more carbohydrates, or between a carbohydrate and a non-carbohydrate moiety. A classification system for glycoside hydrolases, based on sequence similarity, has led to the definition of >100 different families. This classification is available on the CAZy web site, and also discussed at CAZypedia, an online encyclopedia of carbohydrate active enzymes.y[ _]9Glycoside hydrolase family 19 CAZY GH_19 comprises enzymes with only one known activity; chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14).Chitinases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the beta-1,4-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine linkages in chitin polymers. Chitinases belong to glycoside hydrolase families 18 or 19. Chitinases of family 19 (also known as classes IA or I and IB or II) are enzymes from plants that function in the defence against fungal and insect pathogens by destroying their chitin-containing cell wall. Class IA/I and IB/II enzymes differ in the presence (IA/I) or absence (IB/II) of a N-terminal chitin-binding domain. The catalytic domain of these enzymes consist of about 220 to 230 amino acid residues.

crystal structure of exo-inulinase from aspergillus awamori in spacegroup p21

Glycosyl hydrolases family 28