Canadian newsmaker of the year

Canadian provincial name etymologies

Canadian prairie

Canadian public opinion of the invasion of Afghanistan

Canadian postcodes

Canadian prostitution laws

Canadian music week Festival

Canadian railway troops

§ Aboriginal Canadian names is blank, even though it's mentioned first in the lede and should be the longest, there being 634 recognized First Nations

Canadian national football team

Canadian narrow gauge railways

Canadian one-dollar coin

Canadian music week

Canadian one hundred-dollar note

Canadian society of association executives

Canadian shift

Canadian senate standing committee on fisheries and oceans

Canadian society for the study of rhetoric

Results by jurisdiction.

Canadian provincial electoral districts

Canadian senate seating plan

Canadian museum of contemporary photography

Canadian navy

Canada

Canadian shadow cabinet

Canadian senate standing committee on conflict of interest for senators

Canadian national women's ice hockey team 2006 Olympic roster

Canadian museum for human rights

Canada's first response to the disaster inflicted by Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf of Mexico coastline of the United States was the deployment of a Vancouver heavy urban search and rescue team, which arrived in Lafayette, Louisiana on the evening of August 31, 2005, arriving on a WestJet Airlines aircraft. Due to security and logistics issues in the disaster area surrounding New Orleans, the team started operations on September 3, saving 30 people that day. They returned to Vancouver on September 6, reportedly saving over 110 people during their deployment. It has also accepted some evacuees to stay in Canada.

Canadian society for biomechanics

Canadian official bilingualism

Canadian province codes

Canadian national bandy team

Canadian news hall of fame

Canadian petroleum companies

Canadian name

Canadian pipers in World War I

Canadian parks service

Canadian office and professional employees union

Canadian provinces and territories by GDP

Canadian oil sands may refer to:Athabasca oil sands.Peace River or Cold Lake where other bitumen deposits are locatedFort McMurray where the industry is locatedCanadian Oil Sands Trust

Canadian quarter

Canadian number-one albums of 1990

The Canadian social credit movement is a Canadian political movement originally based on the Social Credit theory of Major C. H. Douglas. Its supporters were colloquially known as Socreds in English and créditistes in French. It gained popularity and its own political party in the 1930s, as a result of the Great Depression.

Canadian nationalist

Canadian national baseball team

Canadian provincial electoral districts have boundaries that are non-coterminous with those of the federal electoral districts, except for districts in the province of Ontario, where districts outside Northern Ontario are coterminous.

Canadian one-dollar bill

Canadian nationality

Canadian north

Canadian pale

Canadian politics

Ethnic groups

Canadian regiment of fencible infantry

Canadian ranger

The Canadian Pipers in World War I were soldiers who contributed to the First World War by playing the bagpipes as they marched the troops to the front (military). These men were often members of a pipe band, that chose to enlist at the outbreak of World War I to assist with the Canadian war effort. Although most of the pipers were trained to fight, many of them played the bagpipes throughout the war as a way to encourage the troops as they walked into battle.

The Canadian pipe mine, also known as the McNaughton tube, was a type of landmine deployed in Britain during the invasion crisis of 1940-1941. It comprised a horizontally bored pipe packed with explosives, and once in place this could be used to instantly create an anti-tank obstacle or to ruin a road or runway thereby denying its use by an enemy.

Canadian patent law is the legal system regulating the granting of patents for inventions within Canada, and the enforcement of these rights in Canada.A patent is a government grant that gives the inventor and his or her heirs, executors and assigns, the exclusive right within Canada, during the term of the patent, to make, use and/or sell the invention claimed in the patent, subject to adjudication.The granting of Canadian patents is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Canadian federal government and is governed by the federal Patent Act, the Patent Rules, and various international treaties and the regulations thereunder.

The Canadian political blogosphere includes political commentary using any social media technology. Its culture differs from that of Europe or the US. The term ‘blogosphere’ was first formed colloquially in 1999, and has since evolved to mean “the cultural or intellectual environment in which blogs are written and read.”In Canada, the ‘blog’ employs a vast array of social media technology.

Canadian rugby union team

Canadian movies

In vexillology, a Canadian pale is a centre band of a vertical triband flag (a pale in heraldry) that covers half the length of a flag, rather than a third as in most triband designs. This allows more space to display a central image (common charge). The name was suggested by George Stanley, and first used by Elizabeth II of Canada proclaiming the new Canadian flag on 28 January 1965. Properly, the term should only apply to Canadian flags, though in general use the term is also used to describe non-Canadian flags that have similar proportions.The classic Canadian pale is a square central panel occupying half of a flag with 1:2 proportions. However, vexillological usage applies it to any central band that is half the width of the flag, even if this renders it non-square. Though technically incorrect, the term Canadian pale is also used for flags which do not originate in Canada. The 3:5 proposed flag of Taiwan and the 7:11 flag of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines are both described as having a Canadian pale.The Canadian pale is a popular feature of sub-national and municipal flags from Canada developed after 1965. A few examples can be found in the flag of the Northwest Territories and the Flag of Yukon, and of the cities of Edmonton, Alberta; Cornwall, Ontario, Hamilton, Ontario and Burlington, Ontario. The term is sometimes used in an even looser sense to refer to any flag with a larger central panel, irrespective of whether or not it covers half the flag. By this looser description, the flag of Norfolk Island (stripes in a ratio of 7:9:7) and the flag of Iowa (ratio legally undefined, but usually the central stripe is less than twice that of the outer stripes) are sometimes considered to have a Canadian pale.By analogy, any flag which has a central horizontal stripe that is half the height of the flag is sometimes said to have a Spanish fess.

Canadian police research centre

Canadian number-one albums of 1995

Canadian music Week festival

Canadian residential school system

Canadian soccer League 1999 season

Canadian refugee system

Canadian national junior hockey team

Canadian national rugby union team

Canadian political party Liberal party

Canadian rising

Liquor-control agencies in some Canadian provinces have produced age-of-majority ID cards to facilitate the purchase of alcohol by Canadian adults. Only one still produces these cards, although their acceptability is limited and their purpose has been mostly supplanted by other forms of ID, such as provincial photo cards for non-drivers.

Canadian provincial postal abbreviations

Canadian music hall of fame

Canadian museum of flight

Canadian parliament

Canadian party of labour

Canadian society of medievalists

Canadian olympic hockey team

Canadian soccer

Canadian naming conventions vary based on whether one is Aboriginal Canadian, English Canadian or French Canadian.

Canadian natural

Canadian seal

A plebiscite on prohibition was held in Canada on 29 September 1898, the first national referendum in the country's history. The non-binding plebiscite saw 51.3% in favour of introducing prohibition, although turnout was only 44%. A majority voted for its introduction in all provinces except Quebec, where 81.2% opposed it.Despite the majority in favour, Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier's government chose not to introduce a federal bill on prohibition.

Canadian national women's hockey team

Canadian royal symbols

Canadian museum of natural history

Canadian provincial electoral districts have boundaries that are non-coterminous with those of the federal electoral districts, except for districts in the province of Ontario, where districts outside Northern Ontario are coterminous. This means that, until the next Ontario general election (when the electoral district boundaries in Southern Ontario will be revised to become identical to those in the 2013 representation order), Ontario will be the only province whose population has greater representation at the federal level than at the provincial level (121 MPs compared to 107 MPPs).Otherwise, provincial electoral districts tend instead to be smaller, ranging from just over half the size of each federal district (Quebec) to a seventh (PEI).Like their federal counterparts, Canadian provincial electoral districts are commonly called ridings.

Canadian order of precedence (decorations and medals)

Canadian securities regulation

Canadian rustic pony

Canadian philosophical association

Canadian senator

Canadian national men's basketball team

Canadian national women's soccer team

Canadian society for civil engineering

Canadian northern

Canadian national men's soccer team

Canadian number-one albums of 1992

Canadian republicanism

Canadian national rugby team

Canadian soccer League 2004 season

Canadian nickel

Canadian royal symbols are the visual and auditory identifiers of the Canadian monarchy, including the viceroys, in the country's federal and provincial jurisdictions. These may specifically distinguish organizations that derive their authority from the Crown (such as parliament or police forces), establishments with royal associations, or merely be ways of expressing loyal or patriotic sentiment.Most royal symbols in Canada are based on inherited predecessors from France, England, and Scotland, the evidence of which is still visible today, though, over time, adaptations have been made to include uniquely Canadian elements. Some representations were discarded during and after the 1970s, within an evolving Canadian identity, while others were created over the same time and continue to be up to the present. Today, symbols of the monarchy can be seen in military badges, provincial and national coats of arms, royal prefixes, monuments, and eponymous names of geographical locations and structures.

Canadian music week festival

Canadian political party Conservative party

Canadian music Week Festival

Canadian science fiction television

Canadian motor speedway

Canadian portrait academy

Canadian socialism

Canadian provinces

Canadian senate standing committee on foreign affairs

Canadian police

Canadian passports

Science fiction in Canada was produced by the CBC as early as the 1950s. In the 1970s, CTV produced The Starlost. In the 1980s, Canadian animation studios including Nelvana, began producing a growing proportion of the world market in animation.In the 1990s, Canada became an important player in live action speculative fiction on television, with dozens of series like Forever Knight, Robocop, and most notably The X-Files and Stargate SG-1. Many series have been produced for youth and children's markets, including Deepwater Black and MythQuest.In the first decade of the 21st century, changes in provincial tax legislation prompted many production companies to move from Toronto to Vancouver. Recent series produced in Vancouver include The Dead Zone, Smallville, Andromeda, Stargate Atlantis, Stargate Universe, The 4400, Sanctuary and the reimagined Battlestar Galactica.Because of the small size of the domestic television market, most Canadian productions involve partnerships with production studios based in the United States and Europe. However, in recent years, new partnership arrangements are allowing Canadian investors a growing share of control of projects produced in Canada and elsewhere.

Canada's first response to the disaster inflicted by Hurricane Katrina along the Gulf of Mexico coastline of the United States was the deployment of a Vancouver heavy urban search and rescue team, which arrived in Lafayette, Louisiana on the evening of August 31, 2005, arriving on a WestJet Airlines aircraft. Due to security and logistics issues in the disaster area surrounding New Orleans, the team started operations on September 3, saving 30 people that day.

Canadian of English descent

This is a compilation list of all the notable Canadian male and female all-time ISU World Short Track Speed Skating Championships and Olympic medal list in short track speed skating competition.

A plebiscite on prohibition was held in Canada on 29 September 1898, the first national referendum in the country's history. The non-binding plebiscite saw 51.3% in favour of introducing prohibition, although turnout was only 44%. A majority voted for its introduction in all provinces except Quebec, where 81.2% opposed it.Despite the majority in favour, Prime Minister Wilfrid Laurier's government chose not to introduce a federal bill on prohibition. As a result, Canadian prohibition was instead enacted through laws passed by the provinces during the first twenty years of the 20th century.

Canadian privacy law is derived from the common law, statutes of the Parliament of Canada and the various provincial legislatures, and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Canadian motor industry

Canadian newspapers

Canadian provinces by area

Canadian museum of civilization

Canadian obscenity law

pounds

Canadian senate standing committee on national finance

Canadian rap

Canadian single malt

Canadian person

Canadian right foot mystery

Canadian number one singles 2001 - present

Canadian oil

Canadian parks and wilderness society

Canadian national calibration reference centre

Canadian restaurant and foodservices association

Canadian roads

Canadian propaganda during World War II was mainly print and radio.Propaganda is a form of communication that is aimed towards influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument. Propaganda is usually repeated and dispersed over a wide variety of media in order to create the chosen result in audience attitudes.

Canadian soccer League 2001 season

shillings

Canadian response to Omar Khadr

Property law in Canada is the body of law concerning the rights of individuals over land, objects, and expression within Canada. It encompasses personal property, real property, and intellectual property. Unlike many other first world countries, the right to own property is not included in Canada's bill of rights, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Personal property laws are typically governed by provincial legislation such as the provincial Sale of Goods Acts.

Canadian national hockey team (disambiguation)

Canadian patriotism

Canadian national ice hockey team

Canadian patent law is the legal system regulating the granting of patents for inventions within Canada, and the enforcement of these rights in Canada.A patent is a government grant that gives the inventor and his or her heirs, executors and assigns, the exclusive right within Canada, during the term of the patent, to make, use and/or sell the invention claimed in the patent, subject to adjudication.The granting of Canadian patents is within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Canadian federal government and is governed by the federal Patent Act, the Patent Rules, and various international treaties and the regulations thereunder. The enforcement of Canadian patents is the responsibility of the Canadian Federal Court, or the Courts of the Canadian provinces.

Canadian national women's ice hockey team

Canadian multiculturalism act

Canadian referendum, 1992

Canadian plum

Canadian senate standing committee on human rights

Canadian reedgrass

Canadian political blogosphere

Canadian rangers

Canadian prohibition plebiscite, 1898

Canadian oil sands

Canadian portal

Canadian sleep society

Canadian response to Hurricane Katrina

Canadian soccer League 2000 season

Canadian pioneers in early hollywood

Canadian pulp and paper

June 2011

Canadian political system

Canadian province postal abbreviations

Canadian security establishment

Canadian quadripoint

Canadian prime ministers

Canadian national anthem

Canadian registered charity

Canadian parliamentary cats

Canadian provinces by population

Canadian soccer League 2002 season

Canadian securities

Canadian philosopher

Canadian records in track cycling

Canadian number-one albums of 1994

Canadian poverty

Canadian senate divisions

Canadian provincial and territorial name etymologies

Canadian number-one albums of 1991

Canadian power and sail squadrons

Canadian northern territories

Canadian number-one albums of 1993

Canadian society for history and philosophy of mathematics

Canadian plebiscite, 1942

Canadian national women's hockey team 2004 Women's World Championship roster

Canadian rivers

Canadian registration plates

Canadian people

The following are the national records in track cycling in Canada maintained by Canada's national cycling federation: Cycling Canada Cyclisme.

Canadian organizations with royal patronage

Although there are numerous oil companies operating in Canada, the majority of production, refining and marketing is done by fewer than 20 of them. According to the 2013 edition of Forbes Global 2000, canoils.com and any other list that emphasizes market capitalization and revenue when sizing up companies, as of March 31, 2014 these are the largest Canada-based oil and gas companies (they are either based entirely in Canada or majority Canadian owned).

Canadian premier

The Canadian political blogosphere includes political commentary using any social media technology. Its culture differs from that of Europe or the US. The term ‘blogosphere’ was first formed colloquially in 1999, and has since evolved to mean “the cultural or intellectual environment in which blogs are written and read.”In Canada, the ‘blog’ employs a vast array of social media technology. This includes traditional forms of individual blogging hosted through personal websites or blogging tools such as Blogger or Tumblr, and has also come to include micro-blogging platforms such as Twitter. In Canada, blogging has more recently been adopted by the mainstream media. By necessity, these traditional forms of news media aspire to retain a voice in an increasingly globalized public sphere. Presently, three of Ontario’s major newspapers (The Toronto Star, The Globe and Mail, and The National Post) retain a roster of bloggers, each providing commentary on current events.

Canadian pulp and paper association

Canadian $100 note specimen - back.png

Canadian residency matching service

Canadian refugee law

Canadian national soccer team

Canadian railway regulations

Canadian national cricket captains

Canadian national figure skating championships

Canadian society of new york

Canadian museum of rail travel

Canadian one dollar coin

Canadian pond weed

Canadian rock music

Canadian number-one albums of 1997

Canadian parliamentary motion on alexander graham bell

Canadian procurement of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II

Canadian number-one albums of 1985

The pound (symbol £ or C£) was the unit of account for currency of the Canadas until 1858. It was subdivided into 20 shillings (s), each of 12 pence (d). In Lower Canada, the sou was used, worth 1⁄2 penny. Although the pounds, shillings, and pence accounting system had its origins in the British pound sterling, the Canadian pound was never linked to British currency.

Canadian number-one albums of 1998

Canadian number-one singles in 1984

Canadian soccer pyramid

Canadian royal sites

Canadian olympics (disambiguation)

Canadian slang

The following is the Canadian order of precedence for decorations and medals. Where applicable, post-nominal letters are indicated.

Canadian schools

Canadian rock/alternative chart

Canadian music Week

Canadian response to hurricane katrina

Canadian snowbird association

Canadian peacekeeping

Canadian serviceberry

Canadian provinces and territories

Canadian of Lebanese origin

Canadian number-one albums of 1996

Canadian snakeroot

Canadian republic

Canadian republican movement

Canadian $100 note specimen - face.png

Canadian national cricket team

Transparent windows, metallic portrait, EURion constellation, Tactile marks, Registration device, Raised printing, UV printing

yes

Canadian rye whisky

Canadian network for international surgery

Canadian soccer hall of fame

Canadian science centre for human and animal health

A Canadian captured by American forces in Afghanistan at the age of 15, Omar Khadr is currently on interim release from prison in Canada pending an appeal of his war-crimes conviction before a military commission in Guantanamo Bay. Formerly the only Western citizen remaining in Guantanamo, Khadr is unique in that Canada refused to seek extradition or repatriation despite the urgings of Amnesty International, the Canadian Bar Association and other prominent organisations. His lawyer Dennis Edney has summarised the differential response towards Khadr stating that "one of the problems" with defending the youth is that he's a member of the Khadr family rather than "a Smith or an Arar"For several years following Khadr's capture in 2002, his case did not generate any "serious controversy". Once his military tribunals began however, his case drew considerable attention as a child soldier, with commentators seizing on the fact he is the youngest prisoner held in extrajudicial detention by the United States to face charges in the War on Terror. By 2007, interest in his case had grown exponentially although Canadians remained divided on whether he should be repatriated.Canada's three main opposition parties, the Liberals, NDP and Bloc Québécois, have all condemned Prime Minister Stephen Harper for refusing to demand the United States turn Khadr over to Canadian authorities. Prior to Harper's appointment, two consecutive Liberal Prime Ministers had failed to make the same demand. In April 2008, Bill Graham, the former Foreign Affairs Minister, said that he regretted not having done more to help secure Khadr's release or repatriation while the Liberal government was in power.A 2009 Security Intelligence Review Committee panel determined that the Canadian Security Intelligence Service failed Khadr, by refusing to acknowledge his juvenile status or his repeated claims of being abused.In 2010, Khadr was convicted of five war crimes by a United States military tribunal at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. In a 2012 poll, 60% of Canadian citizens opposed Khadr's return to Canada.It has been postulated that the Government of Canada's Foreign Affairs Department did not attempt to help Omar Khadr for fear that sticking up for a Canadian citizen arrested in another country would come back to haunt the government. This refers to the events around former Liberal Prime Minister Jean Chrétien securing the release from Pakistan of Omar Khadr's father, Ahmed Khadr – only to have the family return to Afghanistan and Ahmed Khadr later killed in a firefight in Pakistan in 2003.Khadr was eventually returned to Canada and released on bail in 2015. Khadr has launched a lawsuit against the Government of Canada. There have been calls in the media to settle the lawsuit, as was done in the case of other Canadians held by foreign countries.

Canadian olympic hall of fame

Canadian olympics

Canadian pipers in World War One

Canadian records in athletics

Canadian paralympics (disambiguation)

Canadian response to omar khadr

Canadian postcode

Canadian penny

Canadian native americans

Canadian red ensign

Canadian provinces and territories by gross domestic product

Canadian soccer stadiums

Canadian owners and pilots association

Canadian national women's hockey team 2006 Olympic roster

Canadian political party system

Canadian osteopathic association

Canadian olympic stamps

Canadian soccer League 2003 season

Canadian police car

Canadian property law

Canadian province

Canadian social credit movement

"Medical Innovation"; Discovery of insulin to treat diabetes; DNA strand; ECG (electrocardiogram)

Canadian political culture

Canadian political scandals

Science fiction in Canada was produced by the CBC as early as the 1950s. In the 1970s, CTV produced The Starlost. In the 1980s, Canadian animation studios including Nelvana, began producing a growing proportion of the world market in animation.In the 1990s, Canada became an important player in live action speculative fiction on television, with dozens of series like Forever Knight, Robocop, and most notably The X-Files and Stargate SG-1.

Canadian scientists

Canadian paralympics

Canadian road signs

Canadian ship Algonquin (1753)

Canadian pacific railway in british columbia

Canadian senate scandal

Canadian museum of nature

Canadian political parties

Canadian society for epidemiology and biostatistics

Canadian sandspurry

pence

Canadian national symbols

Canadian province and territory codes

Canadian national hockey team

Canadian postal codes

Canadian oil sands (disambiguation)

Canadian railways

Canadian records in Olympic weightlifting

Canadian railroads

Canadian prime minister

Canadian prairies

Canadian pm

Canadian privacy law

Canadian multiculturalism

Canadian pondweed

The Canadian rock/alternative chart was first published on June 11, 1995 by RPM magazine under the name Alternative 30. The song which held the number-one spot on this first chart was "More Human than Human" by White Zombie. Currently, the only charts that record rock/alternative airplay in Canada are published by Nielsen Broadcast Data Systems.

sous

Indigenous peoples of North America

Canadian review of studies in nationalism

Canadian national basketball team (disambiguation)

One hundred dollars

Canadian rock

Canadian national basketball team

Canadian motorcycle grand prix

Canadian records in track and field

The following are the national records in Olympic weightlifting in Canada. Records are maintained in each weight class for the snatch lift, clean and jerk lift, and the total for both lifts by the Canadian Weightlifting Federation.

Canadian national soccer team (disambiguation)

Canadian provincial liquor cards

Canadian senate expenses scandal

Canadian patent law

Canadian senate standing committee on legal and constitutional affairs

Canadian river class destroyer

Canadian popular culture

Canadian national parks

Canadian rugby team

Canadian senate standing committee on agriculture and forestry

Canadian ski hall of fame

Canadian shield

Canadian regions

Canadian propaganda during World War II

Canadian politeness

Canadian payments association

Canadian pension plan

Canadian pound

right

Canadian securities regulation is managed through laws and agencies established by Canada's 13 provincial and territorial governments. Each province and territory has a securities commission or equivalent authority and its own piece of provincial or territorial legislation.Unlike any other major federation, Canada does not have a securities regulatory authority at the federal government level. Provincial governments began to establish regulatory agencies in 1912 (in Manitoba), and the Privy Council decided in Lymburn and Mayland, [1932] A.C. 318 that such legislation is authorized under the provincial property and civil rights power.Notwithstanding the lack of a federal regulator, the majority of provincial security commissions operate under a passport system, so that the approval of one commission essentially allows for registration in another province. However, concerns with the system remain. For example, Ontario, Canada’s largest capital market, does not participate in the Passport regime.Concerns with the provincial system of securities regulation has led to repeated calls for a national securities system in Canada. Currently, the Government of Canada is working towards establishing a national securities regulatory system that it says will provide:better and more consistent protection for investors across Canada;improved regulatory and criminal enforcement to better fight securities-related crime;new tools to better support the stability of the Canadian financial system;faster policy responses to emerging market trends;simpler processes for businesses, resulting in lower costs for investors; andmore effective international representation and influence for Canada.

Canadian register of historic places

Canadian securities regulation is managed through laws and agencies established by Canada's 13 provincial and territorial governments. Each province and territory has a securities commission or equivalent authority and its own piece of provincial or territorial legislation.Unlike any other major federation, Canada does not have a securities regulatory authority at the federal government level.

Canadian senate standing committee on aboriginal peoples

A Canadian captured by American forces in Afghanistan at the age of 15, Omar Khadr is currently on interim release from prison in Canada pending an appeal of his war-crimes conviction before a military commission in Guantanamo Bay. Formerly the only Western citizen remaining in Guantanamo, Khadr is unique in that Canada refused to seek extradition or repatriation despite the urgings of Amnesty International, the Canadian Bar Association and other prominent organisations.
September 2012

Canadian naval history

Canadian provincial and territorial postal abbreviations

Canadian postal code

Canadian royal symbols are the visual and auditory identifiers of the Canadian monarchy, including the viceroys, in the country's federal and provincial jurisdictions.

Canadian philosophy

Canadian province abbreviations

Canadian soccer League 1998 season

Canadian music industry

Canadian opera

Canadian one cent coin

Although there are numerous oil companies operating in Canada, the majority of production, refining and marketing is done by fewer than 20 of them. According to the 2013 edition of Forbes Global 2000, canoils.com and any other list that emphasizes market capitalization and revenue when sizing up companies, as of March 31, 2014 these are the largest Canada-based oil and gas companies (they are either based entirely in Canada or majority Canadian owned). However more recent changes, possibly mergers or a stronger showing in the price of oil could mean a few of the oil sands producers are underrepresented; this is because Canadian companies are increasingly dependent on production from that source, which is hurt severely when oil prices decline below 50 to 60 dollars a barrel since costs per barrel traditionally exceed $28 and non-upgraded bitumen (<10o API) produces 1.7 fewer barrels per metric ton than West Texas Intermediate oil (according to calculation). A few of the larger companies (Penn West Petroleum and Athabasca Oil Corporation) don't show up in the Forbes list because its ranking system takes many different factors into account. Syncrude and Irving Oil are also leaders in the Canadian industry, with Syncrude being the top producer of oil sands crude and Irving Oil operating the largest oil refinery in the country. Also, based on the price paid for a 9% share in Syncrude Canada Ltd by Sinopec the company could be worth as much as US$50 billion. Canadian oil company profits quickly recovered from the financial crisis; In 2009 they were down 90% but in 2010 they reached $8.4 billion; Helping profits is the smaller price gap between West Texas Intermediate oil ($85/bbl) and Western Canadian heavy crude ($65/bbl) with the price of upgraded synthetic oil surpassing WTI when supply falls (before being upgraded to synthetic crude, heavier oil produces fewer barrels of oil per metric ton than lighter oil). The two largest (Suncor and CNRL) are 2 of the 11 most valuable Canadian companies (April 2013). Pacific Rubiales Energy is Canada's largest oil company not based in Calgary, Alberta (2,412 oil and gas companies are based in Calgary).Ongoing research and development involving extraction technology and processing methods have slowly chipped away at many of the barriers to bitumen production. Many Canadian oil companies have a lot of exposure to heavy oil through assets in Alberta and so they will benefit when research into more efficient and cost effective solutions yields positive results (Petrobank has numerous patents related to extraction technology that at least one major engineering firm considers 17% more efficient than the widely used steam assisted gravity drainage). In the summer of 2010 a research team at Hokkaido University revealed that they had discovered a catalyst that significantly improves the efficiency while lowering costs related to the processing of bitumen. Also among major Canadian producers, interest in new energy technologies is rising, a direct result of both heightened interest in raising the proportion of the oil sands that can be recovered (10%, which means 1.6 trillion barrels (250 km3) are at stake) and the growing value of licensing rights. That has resulted in a shift in focus over to patent producing research and development. Cenovus Energy has used its patents as a tool to negotiate deals.Profiled and ranked is every Canadian oil and gas company with a market cap ranking top 500 worldwide and the eight largest by revenue (Nexen made Forbes list but not the top 500 companies according to market capitalization but it had the highest revenue among all other petroleum companies according to this list, addax petroleum became part of Sinopec). Eight of the ten most profitable companies of the oil and gas sector operating in Canada are represented here (other two were Athabasca Oil Sands Corp and Heritage Oil). In 2011 Canadian Natural Resources overtook Suncor to become Canada's largest producer. Suncor produced 549,000 boe/d in 2012 only slightly higher than in 2011. Canadian Natural Resources produced at a gross rate of 655,000 boe/d up from 600,000 boe/d the year before.

Canadian obesity

Canadian pipe mine
McNaughton visited the Premier of Ontario, Mitchell Hepburn, who had served with the Royal Air Force during the First World War. Although he now suffered some disability he wished to serve in Europe in the new conflict. "He decided that he was sufficiently well to go in the capacity of A.D.C. to the G.O.C. 1st Canadian Division and as such he proposed himself to me—not only proposed himself but did everything in the world to get me to take him. But I finally convinced him that it was his duty to stay in Canada and put ginger into the mobilization. I did tell him that I wanted his Minister of Public Works in charge of a special section of tunnellers and so we finally compromised; I swapped the Premier of Ontario as an A.D.C. for the Minister of Public Works [Colin Campbell] as the nucleus of a very useful engineering organization".

Canadian dollars

Canadian short track speed skating all-time medals list

Canadian motorsport hall of fame

Canadian postal notes

Canadian number-one albums of 1999

Canadian national men's ice hockey team

Canadian provincial and territorial orders

Property law in Canada is the body of law concerning the rights of individuals over land, objects, and expression within Canada. It encompasses personal property, real property, and intellectual property. Unlike many other first world countries, the right to own property is not included in Canada's bill of rights, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.Personal property laws are typically governed by provincial legislation such as the provincial Sale of Goods Acts. Likewise, the common law rules inherited from the United Kingdom are largely still in force.Real property law is likewise a matter of provincial legislation with the incorporation of English common law rules.Intellectual property, as with most common law countries, remains entirely based in federal statute; however, there are common-law economic torts related to intellectual property, e.g., passing off. Canada tried to take the middle road between the United Kingdom and the United States in many of their intellectual property laws. Copyright law and trademark law in Canada was initially based on the English legislation but has since incorporated many changes from the US model and other places. Canadian patent law, however, was initially based on US legislation but has typically favored the application of UK case law.

Canadian national men's hockey team

In vexillology, a Canadian pale is a centre band of a vertical triband flag (a pale in heraldry) that covers half the length of a flag, rather than a third as in most triband designs. This allows more space to display a central image (common charge). The name was suggested by George Stanley, and first used by Elizabeth II of Canada proclaiming the new Canadian flag on 28 January 1965.

Canadian public holidays

Canadian music

Canadian senate

Canadian postal abbreviations

Canadian national sledge hockey team